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Aldis RE, Muhlisin M, Zuprizal Z, Sasongko H, Hanim C, Al Anas M. Black soldier fly larvae meal supplementation in a low protein diet reduced performance, but improved nitrogen efficiency and intestinal morphology of duck. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:678-688. [PMID: 37946415 PMCID: PMC10915214 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced crude protein (CP) diets offer potential benefits such as optimized feed efficiency, reduced expenses, and lower environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on a low-protein diet for duck performance, blood biochemical, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal development, and litter. METHODS The experiment was conducted for 42 days. A total of 210-day-old male hybrid ducklings (5 replicate pens, 7 ducks per pen) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments (3×2 factorial arrangements) in randomized design. The factors were CP level (18%, 16%, 14%) and protein source feed soybean meals (SBM), black soldier fly larvae meals (BSFLM). RESULTS Reduced dietary CP levels significantly decreased growth performance, feed intake, the percentage of nitrogen, pH (p<0.05), and tended to suppress ammonia in litter (p = 0.088); increased lipid concentration; and enhanced relative weight of gastrointestinal tracts (p<0.05). In addition, dietary BSFL as a source of protein feed significantly increased lipid concentration and impacted lowering villus height and crypt depth on jejunum (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the use of BSFLM in a low-protein diet was found to have a detrimental effect on growth performance. However, the reduction of 2% CP levels in SBM did not have a significant impact on growth performance but decreased nitrogen and ammonia concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinanti Eka Aldis
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Muhlisin Muhlisin
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Zuprizal Zuprizal
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Heru Sasongko
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Chusnul Hanim
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Muhsin Al Anas
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
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Fathi MA, Shen D, Luo L, Li Y, Elnesr SS, Li C. The exposure in ovo to glyphosate on the integrity of intestinal epithelial tight junctions of chicks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:183-191. [PMID: 38400726 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2319006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an ingredient widely used in various commercial formulations, including Roundup®. This study focused on tight junctions and the expression of inflammatory genes in the small intestine of chicks. On the sixth day of embryonic development, the eggs were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON, n = 60), the glyphosate group (GLYP, n = 60), which received 10 mg of active glyphosate/kg egg mass, and the Roundup®-based glyphosate group also received 10 mg of glyphosate. The results indicated that the chicks exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® exhibited signs of oxidative stress. Additionally, histopathological alterations in the small intestine tissues included villi fusion, complete fusion of some intestinal villi, a reduced number of goblet cells, and necrosis of some submucosal epithelial cells in chicks. Genes related to the small intestine (ZO-1, ZO-2, Claudin-1, Claudin-3, JAM2, and Occludin), as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-6), exhibited significant changes in the groups exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® compared to the control group. In conclusion, the toxicity of pure glyphosate or Roundup® likely disrupts the small intestine of chicks by modulating the expression of genes associated with tight junctions in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fathi
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dan Shen
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Luo
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yansen Li
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Chunmei Li
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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3
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Horyanto D, Bajagai YS, Kayal A, von Hellens J, Chen X, Van TTH, Radovanović A, Stanley D. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Probiotics Mix Supplementation in a Broiler Leaky Gut Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:419. [PMID: 38399823 PMCID: PMC10892336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been banned in many countries because of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry products and the environment. Probiotics have been broadly studied and demonstrated as a promising AGP substitute. Our study is centred on the effects of a multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic product on broiler production performance and gut microbial profile in a dexamethasone-induced leaky gut challenge. Two hundred and fifty-six broiler chicks were hatched and randomly assigned into four groups (wheat-soybean meal basal diet (BD) = non-supplemented control (C), BD supplemented with dexamethasone in week 4 (CD), BD containing a probiotic from day one (P), and BD containing a probiotic from day one and supplemented with dexamethasone during challenge week 4 (PD)). The production performance and caecal, gizzard, jejunal lumen and jejunal mucosa swab microbiota were studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Bacillus probiotic product significantly improved production performance and altered caecal gut microbiota (p ≤ 0.05), but no significant impact on microbiota was observed in other gut sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Horyanto
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia (A.K.)
- Bioproton Pty Ltd., Acacia Ridge, QLD 4110, Australia (X.C.)
| | - Yadav S. Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia (A.K.)
| | - Advait Kayal
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia (A.K.)
| | | | - Xiaojing Chen
- Bioproton Pty Ltd., Acacia Ridge, QLD 4110, Australia (X.C.)
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Anita Radovanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia (A.K.)
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Yvon S, Beaumont M, Dayonnet A, Eutamène H, Lambert W, Tondereau V, Chalvon-Demersay T, Belloir P, Paës C. Effect of diet supplemented with functional amino acids and polyphenols on gut health in broilers subjected to a corticosterone-induced stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1032. [PMID: 38200093 PMCID: PMC10781708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the overuse of antimicrobials in poultry production, new functional feed ingredients, i.e. ingredients with benefits beyond meeting basic nutritional requirements, can play a crucial role thanks to their prophylactic effects. This study evaluated the effects of the supplementation of arginine, threonine and glutamine together with grape polyphenols on the gut integrity and functionality of broilers facing a stress condition. 108 straight-run newly hatched Ross PM3 chicks were kept until 35 days and were allocated to 3 treatments. Broilers in the control group were raised in standard conditions. In experimental groups, birds were administered with corticosterone in drinking water (CORT groups) to impair the global health of the animal and were fed a well-balanced diet supplemented or not with a mix of functional amino acids together with grape extracts (1 g/kg of diet-CORT + MIX group). Gut permeability was significantly increased by corticosterone in non-supplemented birds. This corticosterone-induced stress effect was alleviated in the CORT + MIX group. MIX supplementation attenuated the reduction of crypt depth induced by corticosterone. Mucin 2 and TNF-α gene expression was up-regulated in the CORT + MIX group compared to the CORT group. Caecal microbiota remained similar between the groups. These findings indicate that a balanced diet supplemented with functional AA and polyphenols can help to restore broiler intestinal barrier after a stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Yvon
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Eutamène
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Tondereau
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Paës
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Ennab W, Ye N, Wu H, Ullah S, Hadi T, Bassey AP, Mustafa S, Jiang J, Wei Q, Shi F. The Synergistic Effects of the Combination of L-Carnitine and Lycopene on the Lycopene Bioavailability and Duodenal Health of Roosters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081274. [PMID: 37106837 PMCID: PMC10134981 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Lycopene and L-Carnitine, individually or in combination, on various physiological and molecular factors related to intestinal health and absorption ability in Roosters, such as intestinal morphology, serum biochemical parameters, genes involved in Lycopene uptake, nutritional transport genes, and tight junction genes. The findings of the study revealed that the combination of L-Carnitine and Lycopene supplementation had been found to increase the serum concentration levels of TP and ALB. Interestingly, the relative mRNA expression of genes responsible for Lycopene uptakes, such as SR-BI and BCO2, was higher in the LC group compared to other groups. Additionally, the expression of specific nutritional transport genes in the duodenum was significantly affected by both CAR and LC supplementation groups. The tight junction gene OCLN showed a significant increase in expression in the combination group compared to using either Lycopene or L-Carnitine alone. This study concludes that using Lycopene and L-carnitine in combination in poultry feed can potentially improve intestinal morphology and serum biochemical parameters, increase Lycopene bioavailability, improve nutrients uptake, and enhance the integrity of duodenal tight junctions in Roosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ennab
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nanwei Ye
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haoze Wu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tavakolikazerooni Hadi
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anthony Pius Bassey
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Synergistic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheeraz Mustafa
- Faculty of Veterinary Animal Sciences, Ziauddin University (ZUFVAS), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Jingle Jiang
- Shanghai Endangered Species Conservation and Research Centre, Shanghai Zoo, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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6
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Barekatain R, Chrystal PV, Nowland T, Moss AF, Howarth GS, Hao Van TT, Moore RJ. Negative consequences of reduced protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids for performance, intestinal barrier function, and caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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7
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Sultana N, Islam R, Das RR, Haque Z, Rafiq K, Khan MAHNA. Steroid growth promoter modified glucose profile and liver morphology in broiler by altering the localization and expression pattern of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:277-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Liu H, Zhang B, Liu L, Li F. Metabolomics research on the effect of dexamethasone‐induced chronic stress in serum of rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2004937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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9
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Khattab AAA, El Basuini MFM, El-Ratel IT, Fouda SF. Dietary probiotics as a strategy for improving growth performance, intestinal efficacy, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of white Pekin ducks fed with different levels of CP. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100898. [PMID: 33518354 PMCID: PMC7936136 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impacts of probiotics on the performance and health status of white Pekin ducks fed with optimal or suboptimal dietary CP were evaluated during the growing period. A total of 180 male white Pekin ducks (14-day-old ducks with an initial weight of 415.65 ± 2.20 g) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (45 in each group of 5 replicates) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors included 2 dietary CP levels (18 or 14%) and dietary probiotic addition (with or without probiotics). The probiotic source was supplemented at 0.2 g per kilogram of diet from a blend of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. The results showed that the diet containing 18% CP and probiotics significantly increases the final and total weight gain. Activities of intestinal enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease), morphometrics (villus length, goblet cell count, and cryptal depth), and carcass percentage were also increased significantly. Total protein content, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, nitro blue tetrazolium levels, alternative complement pathway, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity were significantly increased, whereas glucose, cortisol, and total cholesterol levels were decreased when treated with diet containing 18% CP and probiotics. Conversely, the group treated with diet containing 14% CP without probiotics showed the poorest performance, carcass properties, immune response, and antioxidant potential. In conclusion, probiotic addition to the 14% CP diet improved the performance of white Pekin ducks caused by reduced CP diet to performance due to the 18% CP diet without probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A Khattab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F M El Basuini
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt; Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim T El-Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, 34517 Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sara F Fouda
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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10
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Barzegar Yarmohammadi A, Sharifi SD, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A. Efficacy of dietary supplementation of nanoparticles-chromium, chromium-methionine and zinc-proteinate, on performance of Japanese quail under physiological stress. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1822763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Davood Sharifi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Duff AF, Bielke LR, Relling AE. Technical note: fluorescein as an indicator of enteric mucosal barrier function in preruminant lambs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa198. [PMID: 32564064 PMCID: PMC7333214 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability can be observed during the physiologic stress response and has been linked to suppression of animal health and performance. Previously published data have shown the efficacy of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d; 4.17 mg/kg) as a marker of enteric inflammation and mucosal barrier function in multiple species. Fluorescein is a smaller, less expensive alternative molecule possessing similar properties. The following two experiments compared FITC-d and fluorescein as potential indicators of intestinal permeability in pre- and postweaned lambs administered daily intramuscular injections of dexamethasone (Dex; 0.1 mg/kg) for 1 wk. Experiment 1 consisted of five preweaned lambs that were placed in one of two treatment groups: fluorescein with Dex (F+Dex) or fluorescein only (F). On day 7, blood was collected before and 1 h after oral administration of fluorescein (50 mg/kg). Experiment 2 included 12 weaned lambs and four treatment groups: F+Dex, F, FITC-d with Dex (Fd+Dex), and FITC-d only (Fd). On day 7, blood was collected before and 2 h after oral administration of FITC-d (4.17 mg/kg) or fluorescein (50 mg/kg). Plasma fluorescence was reported as the ratio between T1h/T0 or T2h/T0 for experiment 1 or 2, respectively. Experiment 1 showed a significant increase in T1h/T0 ratio of F+Dex relative to F lambs (P = 0.05) indicative of increased leaky gut; however, no differences (P = 0.22) were obtained in experiment 2. Results of these experiments suggest fluorescein may serve as a suitable marker of enteric permeability in preruminant lambs, but not in those with functional rumens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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12
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Angove JL, Forder REA. The avian maternal environment: exploring the physiological mechanisms driving progeny performance. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Angove
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - R. E. A. Forder
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
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13
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Denatonium as a bitter taste receptor agonist damages jejunal epithelial cells of yellow-feathered chickens via inducing apoptosis. Animal 2019; 14:1223-1233. [PMID: 31840624 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of bitter taste is critical for chickens to acquire and select feeds. It is important to understand the roles and mechanisms of bitter taste transduction in chickens. Denatonium is extensively used as a bitter taste receptor agonist to activate bitter taste receptors in recent studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological effects and the potential molecular mechanisms of dietary exposure to a strong bitter taste receptor agonist on the jejunal epithelial cells of yellow-feathered chickens. A total of 240 yellow-feathered chickens were divided into four treatments receiving a normal diet (Control), a low-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 5 mg/kg denatonium), a middle-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 20 mg/kg denatonium) and a high-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 100 mg/kg denatonium) for 56 days, respectively. The results showed that dietary denatonium reduced (P < 0.05) the growth performance of chickens. High-dose denatonium damaged the morphology of the jejunal epithelium and decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of Ca2+-ATPase, sucrase and maltase after 56 days of exposure. Meanwhile, high-dose denatonium increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of bitter taste receptors, which resulted in enhanced apoptosis in jejunal epithelial cells after 56 days of exposure. Furthermore, middle-dose and high-dose denatonium exhibited increased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of claudin 2 and decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of occludin after 28 days of exposure. Only high-dose denatonium decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of occludin after 56 days of exposure. In conclusion, denatonium manifested deleterious effects on the jejunum of chickens in a dose-effect manner via damaging the morphology of the jejunal epithelium, and inducing apoptosis associated with bitter taste receptors. Our data suggest that bitter-tasting feed additives may have side effects on the growth and development of intestines in chickens.
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Barekatain R, Chrystal PV, Howarth GS, McLaughlan CJ, Gilani S, Nattrass GS. Performance, intestinal permeability, and gene expression of selected tight junction proteins in broiler chickens fed reduced protein diets supplemented with arginine, glutamine, and glycine subjected to a leaky gut model. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6761-6771. [PMID: 31328774 PMCID: PMC6869755 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing dietary protein and amino acids may impact intestinal barrier function. Experiments were conducted in broiler chickens to evaluate supplementation of L-glutamine, glycine, and L-arginine in a reduced protein (RP) diet. Experiment 1 examined the growth performance of broilers fed 5 dietary treatments: 1) a standard diet; 2) an RP diet (193.9 g/kg CP in grower and 176.9 g/kg CP in finisher); 3) RP diet supplemented with 10 g/kg L-Gln; 4) RP diet supplemented with 10 g/kg Gly; 5) RP diet supplemented with 5 g/kg L-Arg. Each experimental diet was replicated 6 times with 10 birds per replicate. In a subset of 96 birds, experiment 2 tested the 4 RP diets with and without dexamethasone (DEX) to induce leaky gut. Each diet was replicated 24 times. Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) was used to test intestinal permeability (IP). Gene expression of selected tight junction proteins in ileal and jejunal tissues was assayed by quantitative PCR. From day 7 to 35, the RP diet increased feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05) and body weight gain (BWG) compared with the standard diet while Gln reduced FI and BWG (P < 0.05) compared with RP. Gly had no effect on BWG or FCR. Supplementation of Arg improved FCR from day 21 to 35 and day 7 to 35. In experiment 2, Arg tended to lower FITC-d (P = 0.086). DEX increased passage of FITC-d into the serum (P < 0.001). The villi surface area was increased in birds fed higher Arg (P < 0.05). DEX and diet interacted (P < 0.01) for jejunal claudin-3 mRNA level where DEX upregulated claudin-3 for all diets except the Arg diet. In summary, with a moderate reduction of protein, satisfactory performance can be obtained. Although Gln and Gly had no demonstrable positive effect on IP and performance of broilers, increasing the dietary Arg by approximately 140% improved FCR and showed indications of improved intestinal barrier function of birds fed an RP diet under a stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barekatain
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - P V Chrystal
- Baiada Poultry, Pendle Hill, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - G S Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - C J McLaughlan
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - S Gilani
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - G S Nattrass
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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15
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Duff AF, Baxter MFA, Graham BD, Hargis BM, Bielke LR. Mode of Action of Dietary Dexamethasone May Not Be Dependent Upon Microbial Mechanisms in Broilers. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090346. [PMID: 31547289 PMCID: PMC6780751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), in feed has been shown to increase gut permeability via stress-mediated mechanisms, but the exact mode of action on gut barrier function is not fully understood. Stress has been reported to alter the profile and virulence of intestinal flora predisposing for opportunistic disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary Dex and recoverable intestinal microbial profile in broilers to better understand mode of action and refine future uses of the model. Three experiments were conducted that administered Dex-treated feed for one week in conjunction with the antibiotics BMD (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) or Baytril® (enrofloxacin) to evaluate if enteric microbial mechanisms were important in Dex-induced permeability. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and bacterial translocation (BT) have been reported to increase after Dex treatment and were used to assess gut epithelial leakage. Shifts in bacterial profiles were also measured on selective agar. Combining Dex with BMD or Baytril resulted in increased (P < 0.05) serum FITC-d versus Dex-only. Additionally, Baytril did not reduce aerobic BT and bacterial profiles remained similar after Dex. These results suggest a minimal role of intestinal microbes in Dex-induced changes to intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Mikayla F A Baxter
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - B Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Barekatain R, Nattrass G, Tilbrook AJ, Chousalkar K, Gilani S. Reduced protein diet and amino acid concentration alter intestinal barrier function and performance of broiler chickens with or without synthetic glucocorticoid. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3662-3675. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Pluske JR, Miller DW, Sterndale SO, Turpin DL. Associations between gastrointestinal-tract function and the stress response after weaning in pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a major factor driving gastrointestinal-tract (GIT) pathophysiology and disease susceptibility in both humans and animals. Young weaned pigs typically undergo psychosocial and environmental stressors associated with production practices, including separation from their dam, mixing and crowding stress, transport and changed temperature and air-quality parameters, all of which can have significant deleterious impacts not only on performance but also on GIT structure and function, and, therefore, pig health and welfare. Strategies addressing some of these issues are explored in the current review, as well as discussion pertaining to sexual dimorphism in young pigs linked to stressful experiences, with young female pigs seemingly adversely affected more than their male counterparts. However, mechanisms governing susceptibility to stress-induced GIT functionality and disease remain inadequately understood.
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18
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Lv ZP, Peng YZ, Zhang BB, Fan H, Liu D, Guo YM. Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the chickens with dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e706-e717. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-P. Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Y.-Z. Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - B.-B. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - H. Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - D. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Y.-M. Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Science & Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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19
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Abstract
Exposure to stress is known to cause hepatic iron dysregulation, but the relationship between prolonged stress and liver iron metabolism is not yet fully understood. Thirty 13-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, as follows: the control group (saline-injection) and the dexamethasone group (Dexamethasone (Dex)-injection 0.1 mg/kg/day). After the 21-day stress trial, the results showed that chronic Dex administration not only impaired serum corticosterone (p = 0.00) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.01) levels, but also decreased white blood cell counts (p = 0.00), and reduced blood lymphocyte counts (p = 0.00). The daily Dex-injection also significantly reduced body weight (p < 0.01) by inhibiting food intake. Consecutive Dex administration resulted in decreased iron intake (p = 0.00), enhanced serum iron levels (p = 0.01), and increased the serum souble transferrin receptor (sTfR) content (p = 0.00) in rats. Meanwhile, long-term Dex exposure down-regulated duodenal cytochrome b (DCYTB) (p = 0.00) and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) (p = 0.04) protein expression, but up-regulated ferroportin (FPN) protein expression (p = 0.04). Chronic Dex administration reduced liver iron concentration (p = 0.02) in rats. Hepatic transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) expression was lowered at the protein level (p = 0.03), yet with uncoupled mRNA abundance in Dex-treated rats. Enhanced iron-regulatory protein (IRP)/iron-responsive element (IRE) binding activity was observed, but did not line up with lowered hepatic TFR1 protein expression. This study indicates that long-term Dex exposure reduces liver iron content, which is closely associated with down-regulated hepatic TFR1 protein expression.
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20
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Annabelle T, Karine R, Marie-Dominique B, Stéphane D, Karine G. Kinetics of expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism after the last meal in overfed mule ducks. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:127-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Joekel DE, Deplazes P. Optimized dexamethasone immunosuppression enables Echinococcus multilocularis liver establishment after oral egg inoculation in a rat model. Exp Parasitol 2017; 180:27-32. [PMID: 28167206 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Comparable with immunocompetent humans, rats are considered highly resistant to Echinococcus multilocularis oncosphere invasion, both in nature and after experimental oral inoculation with eggs. Pharmacological immunosuppression with dexamethasone (DMX) was shown to abrogate the resistance of RccHan™:WIST rats, but due to weight losses >20%, many animals had to be excluded from previous experiments. The optimized DXM (Dexafort, MSD Animal Health, Germany) dosage regime presented in this study (each animal: 750 μg DXM at day -13 and 600 μg DXM at day -9 before inoculation) applied subcutaneously to RccHan™:WIST rats, resulted in weight losses ≤20%, but led to liver alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in all eight inoculated animals. Untreated control groups (each n = 8) including RccHan™:WIST (Wistar) and F344/DuCrl (Fischer-344) rats showed no parasite establishment. Antibodies against E. multilocularis metacestode vesicle fluid were present in 7/8 of the infected RccHan™:WIST rats 70 days after inoculation but in none of the control animals. Serology can therefore be used to diagnose AE. This optimized animal model enables a high infection rate in rats and may be applied in future immunological and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elisabeth Joekel
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Deplazes
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Scanes CG. Biology of stress in poultry with emphasis on glucocorticoids and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2208-15. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Calefi AS, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Fukushima AR, Cruz DSGD, Siqueira AD, Salvagni FA, Namazu LB, Gomes COMS, Ferreira AJP, Palermo Neto J. Dexamethasone Regulates Macrophage and Cd4+Cd25+ Cell Numbers in the Chicken Spleen. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/18069061-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Chang W, Li J, Zhang S, Zheng A, Yuan J, Cai H, Liu G. Effects of glucocorticoid-induced stress on absorption of glycylsarcosine in jejunum of broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:700-5. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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25
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Lee CY. Adenosine protects Sprague Dawley rats from high-fat diet and repeated acute restraint stress-induced intestinal inflammation and altered expression of nutrient transporters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:317-25. [PMID: 25196093 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of repeated acute restraint stress and high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal expression of nutrient transporters, concomitant to intestinal inflammation. The ability of adenosine to reverse any change was examined. Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control or non-stressed (C), rats exposed to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 14 days (S), control rats fed with HFD (CHF) and restraint-stressed rats fed with HFD (SHF); four additional groups received the same treatments and were also given 50 mg/l adenosine dissolved in drinking water. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin and corticosterone were measured. Intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2, NPC1L1 and TNF-α was analysed. Histological evaluation was conducted to observe for morphological and anatomical changes in the intestinal tissues. Results showed that HFD feeding increased glucose and insulin levels, and repeated acute restraint stress raised the corticosterone level by 22%. Exposure to both stress and HFD caused a further increase in corticosterone to 41%, while decreasing plasma adiponectin level. Restraint stress altered intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2 and NPC1L1. These changes were enhanced in SHF rats. Adenosine was found to alleviate HFD-induced increase in glucose and insulin levels, suppress elevation of corticosterone in S rats and improve the altered nutrient transporters expression profiles. It also prevented upregulation of TNF-α in the intestine of SHF rats. In summary, a combination of stress and HFD exaggerated stress- and HFD-induced pathophysiological changes in the intestine, and biochemical parameters related to obesity. Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Lee CY. Chronic restraint stress induces intestinal inflammation and alters the expression of hexose and lipid transporters. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:385-91. [PMID: 23586523 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is reported to be one of the main causes of obesity. Based on observations in studies that relate stress and gut inflammation to obesity, the present study hypothesized that chronic stress, via inflammation, alters the expression of nutrient transporters and contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Rats were exposed to restraint stress for 4 h/day for 5 days/week for eight consecutive weeks. Different segments of rat intestine were then collected and analysed for signs of pathophysiological changes and the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like-1 (NPC1L1), sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 (SLC5A1, previously known as SGLT1) and facilitative glucose transporter-2 (SLC2A2, previously known as GLUT2). In a separate experiment, the total anti-oxidant activity (TAA)-time profile of control isolated intestinal segments was measured. Stress decreased the expression of NPC1L1 in the ileum and upregulated SLC5A1 in both the jejunum and ileum and SLC2A2 in the duodenum. Inflammation and morphological changes were observed in the proximal region of the intestine of stressed animals. Compared with jejunal and ileal segments, the rate of increase in TAA was higher in the duodenum, indicating that the segment contained less anti-oxidants; anti-oxidants may function to protect the tissues. In conclusion, stress alters the expression of hexose and lipid transporters in the gut. The site-specific increase in the expression of SLC5A1 and SLC2A2 may be correlated with pathological changes in the intestine. The ileum may be protected, in part, by gut anti-oxidants. Collectively, the data suggest that apart from causing inflammation, chronic stress may promote sugar uptake and contribute to hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
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27
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HEBISHIMA T, MATSUMOTO Y, SOMA GI, KOHCHI C, WATANABE G, TAYA K, HAYASHI Y, HIROTA Y. Immune Recovery Effects of Immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) on Low Antibody Productions in Response to Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccine and Sheep Red Blood Cells in Dexamethasone-Treated Stressed Chicken Models. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:435-42. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa HEBISHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasunobu MATSUMOTO
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Gen-Ichiro SOMA
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
- Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Chie KOHCHI
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
- Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Gen WATANABE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Yoshihiro HAYASHI
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikazu HIROTA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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