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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi‐Torshizi MA, Masoudi AA, Rahimi S, Saba F, Zaboli G, Hedayat‐Evrigh N. Diets containing phytobiotics, l-arginine, vitamin E and captopril modulate ascites syndrome-related genes expression in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1542. [PMID: 39049705 PMCID: PMC11269884 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our hypothesis centred on the potential to mitigate ascites outbreaks in birds exposed to cold stress by inhibiting pulmonary artery contraction through dietary intervention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural and synthetic medications on growth performance, ascites-related parameters and the expression of ascites-related genes in the lung tissue of broiler chickens under low ambient temperature. METHODS We randomly assigned 450 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks to six dietary treatments across five replicate pens, each containing 15 chicks. The treatments included a basal diet (control), and the basal diet was supplemented with hydroalcoholic extracts of sumac (HES, 200 mg/kg), Syrian mesquite (HEM, 200 mg/kg), l-arginine (40% above requirement), captopril (15 mg/kg) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg). RESULTS Diets containing HEM, l-arginine and vitamin E resulted in increased average daily gain on days 8-14 and 0-28, whereas HES showed a similar effect only during days 8-14 compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). Additionally, feed additives decreased packed cell volume, left and right ventricle volumes and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, chickens fed the control and l-arginine diets exhibited higher levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in lung tissue compared to those fed HES, HEM and captopril (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with HEM and l-arginine increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in lung tissue compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) expression, feed additives increased mRNA level in lung tissue, except for captopril (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the plant extracts may reduce the incidence of ascites syndrome not only through their antioxidant properties but also by modulating the expression of ACE, iNOS and Cu/Zn-SOD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Laboratory ScienceKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals InstituteResearch Institute of ZabolZabolIran
| | - Nemat Hedayat‐Evrigh
- Department of Animal SciencesCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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Jia L, Hsu CY, Zhang X, Li X, Schilling MW, Peebles ED, Kiess AS, Wamsley KGS, Zhang L. Changes in gene expression in the intestinal mucus of broilers with woody breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103398. [PMID: 38194832 PMCID: PMC10792639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary treatments affect woody breast (WB) incidence differently, which indicates that gut conditions such as gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress are likely related to WB. In this study, dietary supplementation with antibiotics (bacitracin) or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) was investigated for their effects on the expression of transcripts related to gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the mucus lining of the jejunum from broilers with or without WB. A split-plot experimental design was used in this study. The dietary treatments served as the main plot factor and the breast muscle condition was the subplot factor. On d 41, jejunum mucus was collected from 1 bird from each of 3 replicate pens in each 3 dietary treatment groups that exhibited WB and an additional bird that contained a normal breast (3 biological replicates/treatment/phenotype; 3 × 3 × 2, total N = 18). Total RNA was extracted using a commercial RNA extraction kit. The expression levels of CLDN1, MUC6, TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8L1, IL-10, NOS2, and SOD were determined using 2-step RT-qPCR analysis. The gene expression difference in ΔCt values was determined after normalizing with the chicken 18S rRNA gene. When the significant differences occurred between treatments, the relative fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and the significance level was calculated. The PROC GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 was used, and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interactive effects between diet and the breast muscle condition on the expression of any of the genes tested. However, birds with WB exhibited higher MUC6 (P < 0.0001) gene expression levels than birds with normal breast muscles. In addition, the expression of SOD decreased in birds that were fed the antibiotic diet when compared to birds that were fed the probiotic diet (P = 0.014). In conclusion, WB identified in broilers tested in the current study is attributed to increased expression of mucin, indicating a correlation between WB incidence and gel-forming mucin secretion and pathogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - E David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Meyer M, Bobeck E. Dietary vasodilator and vitamin C/L-arginine/choline blend improve broiler feed efficiency during finishing and reduce woody breast severity at 6 and 7 wks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102421. [PMID: 36571874 PMCID: PMC9803950 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast has become a considerable economic concern to the poultry industry. This myopathy presents rigid, pale breasts characterized by replacement of lean muscle protein with connective tissue, a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress in a metabolically starved muscle with inadequate circulation. Hence, the objectives were to supplement broiler diets with ingredients specifically aimed to improve circulation and oxidative status. About 1,344 male Ross 708 broilers were assigned to 1 of 4 diets: 1) a basal diet (control), 2) basal diet plus a blend of 0.2% supplemental L-arginine, 0.17% choline bitartrate, and 0.03% vitamin C (blend), 3) 0.1% vasodilator ingredient (vasodilator), or 4) 0.02% Astaxanthin ingredient (AsX). At d 14, 28, 42, and 49, performance outcomes were collected on all birds and serum from 16 broilers/diet (n = 64) was analyzed for creatine kinase and myoglobin. Once weekly beginning on d 28, a subset of 192 broilers were measured for breast width. On d 42 and 49, breast fillets from 16 broilers/diet (n = 64) were palpated for woody breast severity, weighed, and analyzed for compression force at 1-day postmortem and water-holding capacity at 2-day postmortem. mRNA was isolated from 15 breast fillets/timepoint for qPCR quantification of myogenic gene expression. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed (SAS Version 9.4) with the fixed effect of diet. Feed conversion ratio was improved in the blend and vasodilator-fed birds d 42 to 49, each by over 2 points (P < 0.05). Breast width was increased in the control on d 42 compared to the vasodilator and AsX-fed broilers (P < 0.05). At d 42, there were 12% greater normal fillets in blend diet-fed birds and 13% more normal scores in vasodilator-fed birds at d 49 compared to the control. At d 49, myogenin expression was upregulated in the AsX diet compared to blend and control diets (P < 0.05), and muscle regulatory factor-4 expression was increased by 6.5% in the vasodilator diet compared to the blend and AsX diets (P < 0.05). Blend and vasodilator diets simultaneously improved feed efficiency in birds approaching market weight while reducing woody breast severity.
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Hossain ME, Akter N. Further insights into the prevention of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broiler: a 65-year review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Emran Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Nasima Akter
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
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Sun M, Ma N, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Ma B, Jiao H, Lin H. The optimal dietary arginine level of laying hens fed with low-protein diets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:63. [PMID: 35715827 PMCID: PMC9206374 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid (EAA) in poultry, an important substrate for protein synthesis and a precursor of several molecules. Supplementation of EAAs with low protein (LP) diet increases the utilization efficiency of dietary crude protein (CP). However, if the EAA requirement is changed in hens fed a LP diet remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the optimal level of dietary Arg in the LP diet of hens. A total of 1350 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments: a basal diet (16% CP, positive control), or an isoenergetic LP diet (14% CP, 0.80% Arg) supplemented 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% L-Arg, corresponding to 0.80%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 0.95% and 1.00% dietary Arg, respectively. Results The feed efficiency was decreased (P < 0.05) by 0.80% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, compared to control. Within LP diets, dietary Arg level had significant quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency. Compared to control, the plasma CAT activity or T-AOC content were decreased by 0.80% (P < 0.001). However, the hens offered 0.85% and 0.90% Arg-LP diets had higher CAT activity (P < 0.001) than 0.80% Arg-LP diet. In contrast, 1.00% Arg-LP group had the highest MDA and the lowest T-AOC content in plasma, liver, duodenal and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared to control, the villus height was decreased by 0.80%, 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, while the villus height to crypt depth (V/C) ratio was reduced by 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets in duodenum. Conclusion The result demonstrates that LP diet (14% CP) deficient in Arg (0.80% Arg) result in augmented oxidative damage and impaired development of intestinal mucosa. According to the quadratic broken-line regression model, the optimal dietary arginine levels for Hy-Line Brown laying hens fed with low protein diet (14% CP) aged 33 to 40 weeks are 0.85%, 0.86%, and 0.86% to obtained the maximum laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency, respectively. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baishun Ma
- Shandong He-Mei-Hua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan City, 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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A novel nitronyl nitroxide radical HPN-C6 attenuates brain damage in an acute hypobaric hypoxia mouse model through inhibition of the oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett 2022; 782:136650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hossain ME, Akter N. NaHCO 3, L-arginine, and vitamin C supplemented vegetable diet ameliorates tachycardia and polycythemia in the broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:122. [PMID: 35233685 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate if vegetable-based high-energy mash diets supplemented with NaHCO3, L-arginine + vitamin C, and vegetable oils were effective against tachycardia and polycythemia in the broiler chicken. A total of 256 Ross-308 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight dietary treatment groups in a three-way ANOVA with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (three factors, i.e., NaHCO3, L-arginine + vitamin C, and vegetable oil each with two levels, e.g., 0 and 0.1% of NaHCO3 and L-arginine + vitamin C; 3 and 4% of vegetable oil supplemented with basal diet) for a period of 35 days. Iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated and supplied ad libitum. The final live weight (FLW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), carcass traits, cardio-pulmonary morphometry, total protein (TP), hemoglobin (Hb), triiodothyronine (T3), incidence of tachycardia, and polycythemia were examined. Supplementation of NaHCO3 increased 2.2% ADFI, 5.5% FE, and 23.2% TP. The L-arginine + vitamin C increased 2.4% FLW and decreased 1.9% heart rate. Vegetable oil increased 1.3% ADFI, 4.2% ADG, 8.6% FE, 23.1% Hb, and 15.5% PCV. The NaHCO3, L-arginine + vitamin C, and vegetable oil additively interacted to increase 31.5% T3 at the expense of 21.1% of the weight of the right ventricle (RV). The RV:TV, carcass traits, and hemato-biochemical indices remained within normal range irrespective of the levels of the supplementations of the test ingredients. It was concluded that vegetable-based high-energy mash diets were not susceptible to tachycardia and polycythemia. The addition of NaHCO3 and L-arginine + vitamin C ameliorated the propensity of tachycardia and polycythemia without deteriorating performance, carcass traits, and hemato-biochemical indices of the broiler chicken in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emran Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Nasima Akter
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
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Lee KP, Anthony NB, Orlowski SK, Rhoads DD. SNP-based breeding for broiler resistance to ascites and evaluation of correlated production traits. Hereditas 2022; 159:9. [PMID: 35090566 PMCID: PMC8796538 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The goal of this study was to evaluate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broiler chickens using previously mapped gene regions associated with ascites syndrome incidence. The second-generation MAS products were assessed for impact on ascites phenotype and whether there were associated changes in important production traits. Previously, we used whole genome resequencing (WGR) to fine-map 28 chromosomal regions as associated with ascites phenotype in our experimental ascites broiler line (Relaxed, REL) based on a hypobaric chamber challenge. Genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mapped regions on chromosomes 2 and 22, were used for MAS in our REL line. After two generations, birds homozygous for the genotypes associated with resistance for both chromosomal regions were established. The MAS F2 generation was then compared to the REL line for ascites susceptibility and 25 production traits.
Results
Selection based on SNPs in the carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ, Gga2) and leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 4 (LRRTM4, Gga22) gene regions resulted in a sex- and simulated altitude- dependent reduction of ascites incidence in two F2 cohorts of the MAS line. Comparisons of the F2 MAS and REL lines for production traits when reared at ambient pressure found no significant negative impacts for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or deboned part yields for either sex for two F2 cohorts. There were, however, improvements in the MAS for full-trial body weight gain (BWG), FCR, absolute and relative tender weights, and relative drumstick weight.
Conclusions
These results validate the mapping of the 28 chromosomal regions and demonstrate that fine mapping by WGR is an effective strategy for addressing a complex trait; it also stands as the first successful SNP-based selection program against a complex disease trait, such as ascites. The MAS line is comparable and, in some instances, superior, in growth performance to the REL control while being more resistant to ascites. This study indicates that MAS based on WGR can provide significant breeding potential in agricultural systems.
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Gaur P, Prasad S, Kumar B, Sharma SK, Vats P. High-altitude hypoxia induced reactive oxygen species generation, signaling, and mitigation approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:601-615. [PMID: 33156424 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants is necessary for aerobic life, which if perturbed and shifted towards pro-oxidants results in oxidative stress. It is generally agreed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is accelerated with mountainous elevation, which may play a role in spawning serious health crisis. Exposure to increasing terrestrial altitude leads to a reduction in ambient O2 availability in cells producing a series of hypoxic oxidative stress reactions and altering the redox balance in humans. Enormous literature on redox signaling drove research activity towards understanding the role of oxidative stress under normal and challenging conditions like high-altitude hypoxia which grounds for disturbed redox signaling. Excessive ROS production and accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause various pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic pathophysiological conditions. In order to counteract this oxidative stress and maintain the balance of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants, an anti-oxidant system exists in the human body, which, however, gets surpassed by elevated ROS levels, but can be strengthened through the use of anti-oxidant supplements. Such cumulative studies of fundamentals on a global concept like oxidative stress and role of anti-oxidants can act as a foundation to further smoothen for researchers to study over health, disease, and other pathophysiological conditions. This review highlights the interconnection between high altitude and oxidative stress and the role of anti-oxidants to protect cells from oxidative damages and to lower the risk of altitude-associated sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gaur
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054,, India
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007,, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054,, India
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007,, India.
| | - Praveen Vats
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054,, India.
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Jankowski J, Ognik K, Całyniuk Z, Stępniowska A, Konieczka P, Mikulski D. The effect of different dietary ratios of lysine, arginine and methionine on protein nitration and oxidation reactions in turkey tissues and DNA. Animal 2021; 15:100183. [PMID: 33637439 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An assumption was made in the study that the optimal inclusion levels and ratios of lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) in diets with Lys content consistent with National Research Council (NRC) recommendations (1994) contribute to stimulate the antioxidant defense system and prevent disorders resulting from the oxidation and nitration of biologically important molecules. The experiment was carried out on 864 one-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys divided into six experimental groups (8 replicates per group and 18 birds per replicate) receiving different levels of Arg and Met. Chickens from group Arg90Met30 received 90% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; Arg90Met45 - 90% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; Arg100Met30 - 100% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys; Arg100Met45 - 100% Arg and 45% Met relative to Lys; Arg110Met30 - 110% Arg and 30% Met relative to Lys and Arg110Met45 - 110% Arg level and 45% Met level relative to the content of dietary Lys. In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), a decrease in dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) led to a decrease in plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentration (163.6 vs. 141.0), whereas an increase in dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) led to an increase in plasma 3-NT concentration (163.6 vs. 202.6). In comparison with turkeys fed diets with moderate Arg content (100% of Lys content), the lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestinal wall (19.68 vs. 17.41) and in the liver (11.51 vs. 7.94), increased SOD activity in the blood (507.6 vs. 961.4) and in breast muscles (6.26 vs. 7.43) and increased the concentration of malondiadehyde in breast muscles (1.10 vs. 1.50). An increase in dietary Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content caused a decrease in plasma protein carbonyl concentration (4.33 vs. 3.8) and catalase activity in breast muscles (54.70 vs. 49.66), and an increase in SOD activity in the liver (8.90 vs. 10.41). The highest dietary Arg level (110% of Lys content) did not induce the oxidation of lipids, proteins or DNA, but it increased the risk of protein nitration. The lowest dietary Arg level (90% of Lys content) deteriorated the antioxidant status of turkeys. Regardless of dietary Arg levels, an increase in Met content from 30 to 45% of Lys content stimulated the antioxidant defense system of turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-95 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Z Całyniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-95 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-95 Lublin, Poland
| | - P Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - D Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Ayansola H, Liao C, Dong Y, Yu X, Zhang B, Wang B. Prospect of early vascular tone and satellite cell modulations on white striping muscle myopathy. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100945. [PMID: 33652536 PMCID: PMC7936185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphasic myodegeneration potentially causes severe physiological and metabolic disorders in the breast muscle of fast-growing broiler chickens. To date, the etiology of recent muscle myopathies, such as the white striping (WS) phenotype, is still unknown. White striping–affected breast meats compromise the water holding capacity and predispose muscle to poor vascular tone, leading to the deterioration of meat qualities. Herein, this review article provides insight on the complexities around chicken breast myopathies: (i) the etiologies of WS occurrence in chicken; (ii) the metabolic changes that occur in WS defect in pectoralis major; and (iii) the interactions between breast muscle physiology and vascular tone. It also addressed the effects of nutritional supplements on muscle myopathies on chicken breast meats. Moreover, the review explored breast muscle biology focusing on the early preparation of satellite and vascular cells in fast-growth chicken breeds. Transcriptomics and histological analyses revealed poor vascularity in breast muscle of fast growth chickens. Thus, we suggest in ovo feeding of nutrients promoting vascularization and satellite cells replenishment as a potential strategy to enhance endothelium-derived nitric oxide availability to promote vascularization in the pectoralis major muscle region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Ayansola
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun X, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin H. Rule of UA on Cardiac Myocytes Uric Acid Differently Influence the Oxidative Damage Induced by Acute Exposure of High Level of Glucose in Chicken Cardiac Myocytes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:602419. [PMID: 33426022 PMCID: PMC7785973 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uric acid (UA) is a potent scavenger of oxidants in mammalian and avian species. In humans, hyperglycemia with simultaneous hyperuricemia may exert additional damage to the cardiovascular system. Chickens naturally have hyperglycemia (10.1–11.0 mmol/L) and hyperuricemia (100–900 μmol/L), which makes them an interesting model. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UA on the oxidative damage induced by acute exposure of high level of glucose in chicken cardiac myocytes. Results: Cell viability and the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were decreased by glucose treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After acute exposure to high level of glucose (300 mM), a moderate level of UA (300 μM) increased cell viability and reduced TBARS and glutathione (GSH) content. Compared to the control or to independent high glucose (300 mM) or UA (1,200 μM) treatment, the concurrent treatment of high glucose and high UA significantly increased the TBARS, protein carbonyl contents, and ROS concentration, whereas it decreased the cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and GSH content. In the presence of high glucose and UA, the nucleic protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was decreased and the mRNA levels of the genes cat, sod1, sod2, gss, and gclc were downregulated. Conclusion: In conclusion, acute exposure of high level of glucose induced oxidative damage in the cardiac myocytes of chicken. The present result suggests that an adequate level of uric acid is helpful in alleviating the acute oxidative damage that is induced by high glucose, whereas the inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway by a high level of uric acid may render the cardiac myocytes more vulnerable to suffering from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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13
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Jing L, Shao J, Sun W, Lan T, Jia Z, Ma H, Wang H. Protective effects of two novel nitronyl nitroxide radicals on heart failure induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Life Sci 2019; 248:116481. [PMID: 31102744 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypobaric hypoxia (HH), linked to oxidative stress, impairs cardiac function. We synthesized a novel nitronyl nitroxide radical, an HPN derivative (HEPN) and investigated the protective effects of HEPN and HPN against HH-induced heart injury in mice and the underlying mechanisms of action. MAIN METHODS Mice were administered with HPN (200 mg/kg) or HEPN (200 mg/kg) 30 min before exposed to HH. The cardiac function was measured. Serum AST, CK, LDH and cTnI were estimated. Heart tissue oxidase activity, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, ROS and MDA were estimated. ATP content, Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity was measured. The expression of HIF-1, VEGF, Nrf2, HO-1, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 was estimated. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that pretreatment with HEPN or HPN led to a dramatic decrease in the activity of biochemical markers AST, CK, LDH and cTnI in murine serum. They increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and reduced the level of ROS and MDA in the hearts of mice. HEPN and HPN could increase the expression of Nrf2 and OH-1. They could maintain the ATPase activity. The Bax and Caspase-3 expression as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated and the Bcl-2 expression was upregulated by HPN or HEPN compared to the HH group. They may attenuate the HH-induced oxidant stress via free radical scavenging activity. SIGNIFICANCE The present study showed that the nitronyl nitroxide radical HEPN and HPN may be potential therapeutic agents for treatment of HH-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, XiAn, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, XiAn, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
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Bodle BC, Alvarado C, Shirley RB, Mercier Y, Lee JT. Evaluation of different dietary alterations in their ability to mitigate the incidence and severity of woody breast and white striping in commercial male broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3298-3310. [PMID: 29762760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study was conducted to define how multiple nutritional strategies affect broiler performance, meat yield, and the presence and severity of white striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) in high-yielding broilers. Relative to a commercial set of reference broiler diets (Commercial reference diet; Trt 1) that were fed in a 4-phase program, the following nutritional strategies were investigated: increasing the ratio of digestible arginine: digestible lysine (dArg: dLys ranged from 113 to 126; Trt 2), supplementing Trt 1 with 94.4 mg vitamin C/kg feed (Trt 3), doubling the vitamin pack inclusion rate (Trt 4), reducing the digestible amino acid density (dAA) of only the grower phase by 15% and feeding the same Trt 1 starter, finisher, and withdraw diets (Trt 5), and combining the 4 strategies just mentioned (Trt 6). There was no difference in performance at the end of the starter phase (P = 0.066); however, at the end of the grower and finisher phases, feeding lower dAA grower diets suppressed BW (Trts 5 and 6; P < 0.001) and increased FCR. Differences in performance amongst all treatments disappeared at day 49 (P = 0.220). No differences were observed in average breast weight (P = 0.188); however, breast yield (as a % of live weight) was greatest for Trt 1 and least for Trt 6 (P = 0.041). The WB score dropped from 1.83 in Trt 1 to 1.49, 1.27, 1.74, 1.53, and 1.43 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively (P = 0.018). These changes were the result of a shift in WB score, where the WB class that contained scores of 2 and 3 shifted from 61.3% in Trt 1 to 49.3, 35.9, 60.0, 50.8, and 38.7 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively. Given the FCR, breast weight data and the fact that high WB scores result in a devaluation of breast meat, feeding a higher ratio of dArg: dLys, higher vitamin C, or lower dAA in the grower phase results in better breast meat quality and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bodle
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - C Alvarado
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - R B Shirley
- Adisseo USA, Inc., Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | - Y Mercier
- Adisseo France, SAS, Antony, 92160, France
| | - J T Lee
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Rodríguez-Ortega LT, Juárez-Juárez G, Pro-Martínez A, Sosa-Montes E, Bautista-Ortega J, González-Cerón F, Vargas-Galicia AJ, Chan-Díaz D, Moreno-Medina D, Gallegos-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Ortega A. Lipid Peroxidation in the Plasma, Lungs, Heart and Liver of Broilers Fed a Grape Seed Extract and Raised at 2278 m of Altitude. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Afsarian O, Shahir MH, Akhlaghi A, Lotfolahian H, Hoseini A, Lourens A. Periodical low eggshell temperatures during incubation and post hatch dietary arginine supplementation: Effects on performance and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2427-34. [PMID: 27287379 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a periodically low eggshell temperature exposure during incubation and dietary supplementation of arginine on performance, ascites incidence, and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. A total of 2,400 hatching eggs were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (16 replicates of 75 eggs per treatment). The eggs were incubated at a constant eggshell temperature (EST) of 37.8ºC throughout the incubation period (CON) or were periodically exposed to 15°C for one hour on days 11, 13, 15, and 17 of incubation and the EST was measured (periodical low EST; PLE). After hatching, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks from both treatment groups were reared for 42 d with or without dietary arginine supplementation in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. In order to induce ascites, all chicks were exposed to a 15°C room temperature from 14 d onwards. Results showed that second grade chicks and yolk sac weight were decreased, and final body weight was increased in the PLE group. Ascites mortality rate was decreased only in the PLE group and dietary arginine supplementation had no apparent effect. In the PLE group, the packed cell volume (PCV) percentage and red blood cell (RBC) count were decreased. In conclusion, the results showed that the PLE treatment during incubation was associated with improved hatchability, chick quality, and productive performance of broilers and decreased ascites incidence during post hatch cold exposure. Dietary arginine supplementation had no beneficial effects in cold exposed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Afsarian
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, 45195-313 Zanjan, Iran
| | - M H Shahir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, 45195-313 Zanjan, Iran
| | - A Akhlaghi
- Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - A Hoseini
- Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - A Lourens
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Hu Z, Wang T, Ahmad H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhong X. Effects of different formulations of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2016; 56:687-95. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Bogdański P, Suliburska J, Szulińska M, Sikora M, Walkowiak J, Jakubowski H. L-Arginine and vitamin C attenuate pro-atherogenic effects of high-fat diet on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:100-6. [PMID: 26653556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is known to cause endothelial dysfunction and contribute to atherosclerosis progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of L-arginine (L-Arg) and vitamin C supplementation as a potentially useful strategy for modulation of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress, and insulin resistance induced by HFD in rats. Six weeks-old female and male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of twelve rats each and treated for six weeks with: group 1, standard diet; group 2, HFD; group 3, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet); group 4, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet) plus vitamin C (100mg/kg diet); group 5, HFD supplemented with vitamin C (100mg/kg diet). HFD significantly elevated TNF-α, reduced total antioxidant status (TAS), and increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Significant increases of total cholesterol (TCH), LDL cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and a decrease of HDL cholesterol (HDL) were observed in HFD rats. Supplementation with l-Arg prevented the decrease of TAS and the increases in HOMA-IR, LDL, and TG levels. Moreover, Hcy and TNF-α levels were reduced in L-Arg supplemented group. Supplementation with vitamin C significantly atenuated TAS decrease and lowered LDL levels. L-Arg plus vitamin C enhanced L-Arg effect on TAS and protected against TNF-α increase. Western blot analysis showed that l-Arg supplementation of HFD rats reduced the level of protein carbonyls. Taken together, these findings indicate that supplemental l-arginine and/or vitamin C, by their abilities to modulate biomarkers of HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, are anti-atherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31 Str., 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Sikora
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Piotrowo 1 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 Str., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Str., 60-632 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ 07103-3535, USA.
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Khajali F, Wideman RF. Nutritional approaches to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:3-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Khajali
- Department of Animal Science; Shahrekord University; Shahrekord Iran
| | - R. F. Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
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20
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Yang X, Luo YH, Zeng QF, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Wang JP. Effects of low ambient temperatures and dietary vitamin C supplement on growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant capacity of 21-day-old broilers. Poult Sci 2014; 93:898-905. [PMID: 24706967 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and a vitamin C (VC) dietary supplement on the growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant capacity of 21-d-old broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments as follows: 1) LAT and a basal diet; 2) LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (LAT + VC); 3) normal ambient temperature (NAT) and a basal diet; 4) NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (NAT + VC). All birds were fed to 21 d of age. Broilers in groups 1 and 2 were raised at 24 to 26°C during 1 to 7 d, and at 9 to 11°C during 8 to 21 d, whereas groups 3 and 4 were raised at 29 to 31°C during 1 to 7 d and at 24 to 26°C during 8 to 21 d. The LAT increased the feed conversion ratio during the whole experimental period (P < 0.01), whereas it increased heart index at 21 d (P < 0.05) and hematocrit and hemoglobin level at 14 d (P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with VC increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count at 21 d (P < 0.05). At 21 d, LAT conditions decreased total antioxidant capacity in the serum, liver, and lungs (P < 0.05), and it also increased the levels of VC in the serum and liver, the amount of protein carbonylation in liver and lungs, and the malondialdehyde level in the lungs (P < 0.05). The addition of VC tended to increase the total antioxidant capacity level in serum (P < 0.1). Low ambient temperature resulted in oxidative stress for broilers that were fed from 1 to 21 d of age, whereas no significant effect was found on the antioxidant activity by dietary VC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
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Bautista-Ortega J, Cortes-Cuevas A, Ellis EA, Ruiz-Feria CA. Supplemental L-arginine and vitamins E and C preserve xanthine oxidase activity in the lung of broiler chickens grown under hypobaric hypoxia. Poult Sci 2014; 93:979-88. [PMID: 24706976 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of l-Arg, vitamin C (VC), and vitamin E (VE) on xanthine- (XO) and NAD(P)H-oxidase (NOX) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) availability of hypoxic broilers were evaluated. Chickens were kept in wire cages with free access to feed and water. One-day-old chicks were assigned to 1 of 3 diets: control (CTL; ME 3,200 kcal/kg, CP 23%), high Arg (HA; CTL + Arg 0.8%), or high Arg plus VE and VC (AEC; HA + 200 IU of VE/kg of feed + 500 mg of VC/L of water), and grown under hypobaric hypoxia (HYP) from d 7 to 30. A fourth group of birds was fed the CTL diet and grown under normoxia (CTL-NOR). At d 30, chickens were euthanized, their lungs fixed in vivo, excised, and processed for cyto- and histochemistry. The enzymes XO and NOX were localized and activities assessed histochemically and in lung homogenates. The NO depletion was assessed through nitrotyrosine immunocytochemistry colloidal gold particles (NTY). The XO and NOX localized in cell membranes and within vesicles of pulmonary vessel endothelial cells. The XO activity was higher in CTL-NOR birds (586 ± 43 reflectance units) than in both AEC-HYP (456 ± 39) and HA-HYP birds (394 ± 31), whereas CTL-HYP birds had the lowest XO activity (313 ± 27). The NO depletion was not affected by dietary or hypoxia conditions in clinically healthy birds; nevertheless, hypoxic birds that developed pulmonary hypertension had higher NTY levels (less NO, 145 ± 19) than hypoxic but clinically healthy birds (56 ± 11). Thus, the concurrent supplementation of Arg, VE, and VC restored XO activity without affecting NOX activity or NO availability. The dual role of XO, which produces superoxide and uric acid, may have buffered the effects of superoxide in broiler chickens grown under hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bautista-Ortega
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2472
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22
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Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Aspect of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Interactions. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bautista-Ortega J, Stallone JN, Ruiz-Feria CA. Effects of arginine and antioxidant vitamins on pulmonary artery reactivity to phenylephrine in the broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1062-72. [PMID: 23472029 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplemental l-arginine (Arg), vitamin E (VE), and vitamin C (VC) on vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (PE) were examined in clinically healthy hypoxemic male broiler chickens. One-day-old chicks were housed in wire cages and randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: control (CTL; n = 80; 3,200 kcal of ME/kg, 23% CP, 1.55% Arg and 40 IU of VE/kg of feed), high-Arg (HA; n = 40; CTL + 0.8% Arg), or high-Arg and high antioxidant-vitamin diet (AEC; n = 40; HA + 200 IU of VE/kg of feed and 500 mg of VC/kg of feed). At d 14, 40 CTL birds and all the HA and AEC birds had a primary pulmonary bronchus surgically occluded (PBO). Forty CTL broilers underwent surgery without occluding the bronchus (SHAM). Pulmonary artery (PA) rings were mounted for isometric tension recordings 14 to 21 d postsurgery. The HA-PBO and AEC-PBO PA were immersed in Krebs-Henseleit buffer plus a vehicle (VehCtl) or Krebs-Henseleit buffer plus supplemental Arg, or Arg, VE, and VC (A-E-C). Maximal contractile response to PE of the CTL-SHAM PA (16 ± 14 mg/mg of dry tissue) was one-tenth compared with that of the CTL-PBO PA (159 ± 13 mg/mg), whereas the PA contractility in the supplemented groups was one-ninth compared with those of the CTL-PBO (17.9 ± 13.0 mg/mg, 17.90 ± 13.0 mg/mg for the HA-PBO+Arg and AEC-PBO+A-E-C treatments, respectively). Supplementing the bath with Arg did not change the maximal response to PE compared with the vehicle control (16.7 ± 12.2 mg/mg for HA-PBO-VehCtl). However, supplementing the bath with A-E-C produced a one-fourth reactivity compared with that of the vehicle control (80.7 ± 13.0 mg/mg for AEC-PBO-VehCtl). The PBO increased PA reactivity to PE, but supplemental Arg plus VE and VC significantly reduced it. Differential reactivity responses to PE may have been the result of protective effects of Arg, VE, and VC, implicating oxidative stress in endothelial dysfunction as well as in the upregulation of smooth muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bautista-Ortega
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Kalmar ID, Vanrompay D, Janssens GPJ. Broiler ascites syndrome: collateral damage from efficient feed to meat conversion. Vet J 2013; 197:169-74. [PMID: 23628419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chickens have been raised as food for human consumption for over 4000 years. Over this time they have been continuously selected for specific desirable characteristics by active selection of parents to produce birds which fit perceived needs. Despite this long history of selective breeding and improvements in rearing techniques, the efficiency with which broiler meat is produced has shown a remarkable leap in recent decades. Persistent selection for rapid growth, high feed utilisation efficiency and large cut yield has resulted in modern meat-type poultry lines with superior genetic potential with regard to productivity. However, mortality and the incidence of metabolic diseases has increased in parallel with growth rate. One such disease is broiler ascites syndrome, which has been shown to be closely associated with the fast growth and high meat yield resulting from intense selection and with modern rearing techniques. The review is focused on the historical background, pathogenesis, epidemiology and prevention of broiler ascites syndrome in modern broiler production.
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Wideman RF, Rhoads DD, Erf GF, Anthony NB. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: a review. Poult Sci 2013; 92:64-83. [PMID: 23243232 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) syndrome in broilers (also known as ascites syndrome and pulmonary hypertension syndrome) can be attributed to imbalances between cardiac output and the anatomical capacity of the pulmonary vasculature to accommodate ever-increasing rates of blood flow, as well as to an inappropriately elevated tone (degree of constriction) maintained by the pulmonary arterioles. Comparisons of PAH-susceptible and PAH-resistant broilers do not consistently reveal differences in cardiac output, but PAH-susceptible broilers consistently have higher pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistances compared with PAH-resistant broilers. Efforts clarify the causes of excessive pulmonary vascular resistance have focused on evaluating the roles of chemical mediators of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, as well as on pathological (structural) changes occurring within the pulmonary arterioles (e.g., vascular remodeling and pathology) during the pathogenesis of PAH. The objectives of this review are to (1) summarize the pathophysiological progression initiated by the onset of pulmonary hypertension and culminating in terminal ascites; (2) review recent information regarding the factors contributing to excessively elevated resistance to blood flow through the lungs; (3) assess the role of the immune system during the pathogenesis of PAH; and (4) present new insights into the genetic basis of PAH. The cumulative evidence attributes the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in PAH-susceptible broilers to an anatomically inadequate pulmonary vascular capacity, to excessive vascular tone reflecting the dominance of pulmonary vasoconstrictors over vasodilators, and to vascular pathology elicited by excessive hemodynamic stress. Emerging evidence also demonstrates that the pathogenesis of PAH includes characteristics of an inflammatory/autoimmune disease involving multifactorial genetic, environmental, and immune system components. Pulmonary arterial hypertension susceptibility appears to be multigenic and may be manifested in aberrant stress sensitivity, function, and regulation of pulmonary vascular tissue components, as well as aberrant activities of innate and adaptive immune system components. Major genetic influences and high heritabilities for PAH susceptibility have been demonstrated by numerous investigators. Selection pressures rigorously focused to challenge the pulmonary vascular capacity readily expose the genetic basis for spontaneous PAH in broilers. Chromosomal mapping continues to identify regions associated with ascites susceptibility, and candidate genes have been identified. Ongoing immunological and genomic investigations are likely to continue generating important new knowledge regarding the fundamental biological bases for the PAH/ascites syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, FAyetteville 72701, USA.
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Fouad A, El-Senouse H, Yang X, Yao J. Role of Dietary L-Arginine in Poultry Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.718.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharma NK, Sethy NK, Meena RN, Ilavazhagan G, Das M, Bhargava K. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP)-derived peptide (NAP) ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Peptides 2011; 32:1217-24. [PMID: 21453737 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia is a socio-economic problem affecting cognitive, memory and behavior functions. Severe oxidative stress caused by hypobaric hypoxia adversely affects brain areas like cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. In the present study, we have investigated the antioxidant and memory protection efficacy of the synthetic NAP peptide (NAPVSIPQ) during long-term chronic hypobaric hypoxia (7, 14, 21 and 28 days, 25,000ft) in rats. Intranasal supplementation of NAP peptide (2μg/Kg body weight) improved antioxidant status of brain evaluated by biochemical assays for free radical estimation, lipid peroxidation, GSH and GSSG level. Analysis of expression levels of SOD revealed that NAP significantly activated antioxidant genes as compared to hypoxia exposed rats. We have also observed a significant increased expression of Nrf2, the master regulator of antioxidant defense system and its downstream targets such as HO-1, GST and SOD1 by NAP supplementation, suggesting activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense response. In corroboration, our results also demonstrate that NAP supplementation improved the memory function assessed with radial arm maze. These cumulative results suggest the therapeutic potential of NAP peptide for ameliorating hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiological and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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