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Feng S, Zeng J, Li J, Yuan S, Wu B. Alleviating effect of methionine on intestinal mucosal injury induced by heat stress. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103935. [PMID: 39098059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is an increasing concern of stakeholders worldwide. The intestine is severely impacted by the heat stress. This study aimed to investigate the alleviating effects of methionine on the intestinal damage induced by heat stress in mice. The mice were divided into four groups: control group (C), methionine deficiency group (MD), methionine + heat stress group (MH), and methionine deficiency + heat stress group (MDH). Histopathological techniques, PAS-Alcian blue staining, immunohistochemistry method, biochemical quantification method, ELISA, and micro method were used to study the changes in the intestinal mucosal morphology, the number of goblet cells, the expression of tight junction proteins, the peroxide product contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, the intestinal mucosal damage, the content of immunoglobulins and HSP70, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. The results showed that methionine can improve intestinal mucosal morphology (increase the villi height, V/C value, and muscle layer thickness, decrease crypt depth), increase the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1) and the content of DAO, decrease the content of intestinal mucosa damage markers (ET, FABP2) and peroxidation products (MDA), increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GR, GSH-Px, SOD), the number of goblet cells, the contents of immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgG, IgM) and stress protein (HSP70), and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. It is suggested that methionine can alleviate intestinal damage in heat-stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; Nanchong Key Laboratory of Wildlife Nutritional Ecology and Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China; Nanchong Key Laboratory of Wildlife Nutritional Ecology and Disease Prevention and Control, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
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Bi Y, Wei H, Chai Y, Wang H, Xue Q, Li J. Intermittent mild cold acclimation ameliorates intestinal inflammation and immune dysfunction in acute cold-stressed broilers by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103637. [PMID: 38518665 PMCID: PMC10978541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential protective effect of prior cold stimulation on broiler intestine induced by acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were divided into control (CON), ACS, cold stimulation Ⅰ (CS3+ACS), and cold stimulation Ⅱ (CS9+ACS) groups. Broilers in CON and ACS groups were reared normally, and birds in CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS groups were reared at 3℃ and 9℃ below CON group for 5 h, respectively, on alternate days from d 15 to 35. Broilers in ACS, CS3+ACS, and CS9+ACS groups were subjected to 10℃ for 24 h on d 43. Eventually, small intestine tissues were collected for histopathological observation and indexes detection. The results showed that intestinal tissues in all ACS-broilers exhibited inflammatory cell infiltrates, microvilli disruption, reduced villus length in jejunum and increased crypt depth in jejunum and ileum. Whereas these phenomena were relatively light in CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, mRNA expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, PTGEs, TNF-α), Th1/Th17-derived cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17), and HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) was upregulated (P < 0.05), and that of Th2-deviated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) and IκBα was downregulated (P < 0.05) in small intestine in almost all ACS-broilers. Compared to ACS group, mRNA expression of most of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes, Th1/Th17-derived cytokines, and HSPs was downregulated and that of Th2-derived cytokines was upregulated in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, IKK, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and HSPs were similar to their mRNA expression. The concentration of sIgA and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were decreased and MDA and H2O2 were increased in ACS and CS9+ACS groups compared to CON group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to gut immune dysfunction; while mild cold stimulation at 3℃ below normal rearing temperature alleviated cold stress-induced intestinal injure and dysfunction by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Yiwen Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China.
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Li X, Zhao X, Yu M, Zhang M, Feng J. Effects of Heat Stress on Breast Muscle Metabolomics and Lipid Metabolism Related Genes in Growing Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 38338073 PMCID: PMC10854583 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With global warming and worsening climatic conditions, heat stress (HS) has become a significant challenge affecting the development of poultry production. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of HS on breast muscle metabolomics and lipid metabolism-related genes in growing broilers. One hundred twenty 29-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into normal temperature (NT; 21 ± 1 °C) and heat stress (HS; 31 ± 1 °C) groups, with six replicates (ten birds in each replicate) in each group, raised for 14 days in two environment chambers at 60 ± 7% relative humidity. Compared with the broilers in the NT group, the average daily food intake, average daily gain and breast muscle yield in the HS group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the HS group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of serum corticosterone, free fatty acids and cholesterol and the percentage of abdominal fat of broilers in the HS group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values of the broilers in the NT group. Untargeted breast muscle metabolome analysis revealed 14 upregulated differential metabolites, including glycerophosphocholine, and 27 downregulated differential metabolites, including taurine, in the HS group compared to the NT group; the HS group also displayed significant effects on six metabolic pathways compared to the NT group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in the liver and breast muscles were significantly decreased in the HS group compared with the NT group (p < 0.05). The collective findings reveal that HS can cause disorders in breast muscle lipid metabolism in broilers. The PPARα gene might be the key gene in the mechanism of the lipid metabolism that is induced by HS in breast muscle of broilers. These findings provide novel insights into the effects of HS on chicken growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.F.)
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Rocchi AJ, Santamaria JM, Beck CN, Sales MA, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G, Erf GF. The Immuno-Suppressive Effects of Cyclic, Environmental Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Local and Systemic Inflammatory Responses to an Intradermal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide. Vet Sci 2023; 11:16. [PMID: 38250922 PMCID: PMC10818262 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess effects of environmental heat stress (HS) on the local and systemic inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), broilers were reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Thermoneutral temperatures followed commercial production settings, with HS broilers exposed to 35 °C for 14 h/day from 4 days onward. At 37 days, HS- and TN-broilers were assigned to either LPS (100 μg/mL) or endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; vehicle) treatments, eight each to HS- and TN-LPS, four each to HS- and TN-PBS. Treatments were administered by intradermal injection of growing feather (GF) pulps; 10 μL/GF; 12 GF/broiler. Blood and GF were collected before and at 6 and 24 h post-injection to assess leukocyte population changes in GF-pulps and blood, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytokine expression in GF-pulps, and plasma concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP-1). HS-LPS broilers had lower (p ≤ 0.05) infiltration of heterophils and macrophages, ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokine expression in GF-pulps, and lacked the increases in heterophil, monocyte, and plasma AGP-1 concentrations observed in TN-LPS broilers. HS-broilers had similar or greater drops in blood lymphocytes 6 h post-LPS or -PBS injection, respectively, and lower baseline levels (p ≤ 0.05) of circulating T- and B-lymphocytes than TN-broilers. Results indicated that cyclic HS reduced the local and systemic acute inflammatory responses to LPS in broilers, likely impairing their innate defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisela F. Erf
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.J.R.); (J.M.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (B.M.H.); (G.T.-I.)
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Wang Q, Li P, Gu Q. Microbial-Derived γ-Aminobutyric Acid: Synthesis, Purification, Physiological Function, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14931-14946. [PMID: 37792666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important nonprotein amino acid that extensively exists in nature. At present, GABA is mainly obtained through chemical synthesis, plant enrichment, and microbial production, among which microbial production has received widespread attention due to its safety and environmental benefits. After using microbial fermentation to obtain GABA, it is necessary to be isolated and purified to ensure its quality and suitability for various industries such as food, agriculture, livestock, pharmaceutics, and others. This article provides a comprehensive review of the different sources of GABA, including its presence in nature and the synthesis methods. The factors affecting the production of microbial-derived GABA and its isolation and purification methods are further elucidated. Moreover, the main physiological functions of GABA and its application in different fields are also reviewed. By advancing our understanding of GABA, we can unlock its full potential and further utilize it in various fields to improve human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
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Eladl AH, Nabil NM, Awad A, Badr S, Ebrahem AF, Tawakol MM, Hammad E, Ali HS, El-Shafei RA. Effects of dietary nano-selenium supplementation on Riemerella anatipestifer vaccinated and challenged Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109816. [PMID: 37348210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a common disease causing economic losses to duck farms worldwide. Novel supplements are crucially needed to control this bacterium, enhance poultry performance, and produce synergistic effects with vaccines in stimulating the immune system. This study investigated the effect of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) on the vaccinated (VAC) and challenged (Ch) Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) with RA. Five experimental groups (G1-G5) were included in this study: G1 was the control group, G2 was the RA-challenged group, G3 was the Nano-Se+Ch group, G4 was the VAC+Ch group, and G5 was the Nano-Se+VAC+Ch group. The Nano-Se (0.3 mg/kg diet) was supplemented for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV). The ducklings were vaccinated subcutaneously with the RA vaccine at 7 days of age and challenged with RA at the 3rd week PV. Blood, pharyngeal swabs and tissue samples were collected at the 3rd week PV and at different times post-challenge (PC). The growth performance (weight gain and feed conversion ratio), clinical signs, gross lesions, mortality, bacterial shedding, haematological, immunological, and biochemical parameters, cytokines production, and histopathological lesion scores showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the challenged (G2) group and the supplemented (G3 & G5) groups. G5 showed the highest (P < 0.05) growth performance, phagocytic activity, IgM and IgG, splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expressions, and the lowest mortality, bacterial shedding, hepatic and renal damage, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and lesion scores compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of nano-selenium for five weeks in the diet can improve the growth performance, immune status, and cytokines production in ducklings vaccinated and challenged with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah H Eladl
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Badr
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Amera F Ebrahem
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Enas Hammad
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Ali
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Reham A El-Shafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Nicastro KR, Pearson GA, Ramos X, Pearson V, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Transcriptome wide analyses reveal intraspecific diversity in thermal stress responses of a dominant habitat-forming species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5645. [PMID: 37024658 PMCID: PMC10079687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of climate change on biodiversity has stimulated the need to understand environmental stress responses, particularly for ecosystem engineers whose responses to climate affect large numbers of associated organisms. Distinct species differ substantially in their resilience to thermal stress but there are also within-species variations in thermal tolerance for which the molecular mechanisms underpinning such variation remain largely unclear. Intertidal mussels are well-known for their role as ecosystem engineers. First, we exposed two genetic lineages of the intertidal mussel Perna perna to heat stress treatments in air and water. Next, we ran a high throughput RNA sequencing experiment to identify differences in gene expression between the thermally resilient eastern lineage and the thermally sensitive western lineage. We highlight different thermal tolerances that concord with their distributional ranges. Critically, we also identified lineage-specific patterns of gene expression under heat stress and revealed intraspecific differences in the underlying transcriptional pathways in response to warmer temperatures that are potentially linked to the within-species differences in thermal tolerance. Beyond the species, we show how unravelling within-species variability in mechanistic responses to heat stress promotes a better understanding of global evolutionary trajectories of the species as a whole in response to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gareth A Pearson
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xana Ramos
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vasco Pearson
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
- UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), Normandie Université, CS 14032, 14000, Caen, France.
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Ncho CM, Gupta V, Choi YH. Effects of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation on Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030570. [PMID: 36978818 PMCID: PMC10045030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In avian species, heat stress (HS) is usually the result of being exposed to high ambient temperatures, whereas oxidative stress (OS) results from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The current literature suggests that HS often leads to OS. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine on the antioxidant status and growth performances in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 13 studies were deemed eligible after an exhaustive search of the literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Briefly, the following criteria were used to select the studies: trials performed on broilers; publication in peer-review journals using English as the text language; and sufficient details about the design and inclusion of dietary glutamine as a treatment for HS. Two main categories of outcomes were extracted from the studies included in the review: growth parameters and OS markers. For the meta-analysis, a random effect model was used when the heterogeneity was higher than 50%, and a fixed effect model was applied otherwise. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD), and mean differences (MD) with their confidence intervals (CI) from the studies revealed that dietary glutamine could increase body weight gain (SMD = 0.70, CI = 0.50 to 0.90, p < 0.05), and feed intake (FI) (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.43 to 0.86, p < 0.05), and reduce the feed conversion ratio (MD = −0.05, CI = −0.07 to −0.02, p < 0.05) in heat-exposed birds. Additionally, higher glutamine (SMD = 1.21, CI = 1.00 to 1.43, p < 0.05), glutathione (SMD = 1.25, CI = 0.88 to 1.62, p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.97, CI = 0.58 to 1.36, p < 0.05), and catalase (SMD = 0.94, CI = 0.72 to 1.16, p < 0.05) levels were recorded in the serum, breast, and thigh muscle after supplementation of glutamine. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that malondialdehydes levels were decreased only in the serum (SMD = −0.83, CI = −1.25 to −0.41, p < 0.001) and thigh muscle (SMD = −1.30, CI = −1.86 to −0.35, p < 0.001) while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was increased in the breast (SMD = 1.32, CI = 0.95 to 1.68, p < 0.05) and thigh muscle (SMD = 1.53, CI = 1.06 to 1.99, p < 0.05). Meta-regression models indicated that longer periods of heat exposure were inversely associated with the effectiveness of dietary glutamine in increasing FI, GPX, and SOD (p < 0.05). Besides, increasing the dietary concentration of glutamine led to higher GPX and SOD levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, results suggest that dietary supplementation of glutamine can effectively mitigate the deleterious effects of HS by enhancing the antioxidant status and increasing growth performances in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Major Ncho
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Fathi M, Saeedyan S, Kaoosi M. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) supplementation alleviates dexamethasone treatment-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response in broiler chickens. Stress 2023; 26:2185861. [PMID: 36861448 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2185861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, serum and liver antioxidant status, inflammation response and hematological changes, in male broiler chickens under experimentally induced stress via in-feed dexamethasone (DEX). A total of 300 male chicks (Ross 308) on day 7 after hatching, were randomly selected into four groups which were positive control group (PC, without any treatment), negative control (NC, with 1 mg/kg DEX), a third group received 1 mg/kg DEX and 100 mg/kg GABA (DG +) and the last one was (DG ++) which received 1 mg/kg DEX and 200 mg/kg GABA. Each group has five replicates (15 birds/replicate). Dietary GABA modulated DEX-induced adverse effects on body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The DEX-induced effect of serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 was reduced by dietary GABA supplementation. The activity of serum and liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase were enhanced and malondialdehyde was reduced by GABA supplementation. The serum levels of total cholesterol & triglyceride were higher while low-density lipoprotein & high-density lipoprotein were lower in GABA groups than NC group. GABA supplementation also significantly decreased the heterophil, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and elevated the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) than NC group. In conclusion, dietary GABA supplementation can alleviate DEX stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Fathi
- Department of Animal Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Kaoosi
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Guo X, Wang J, Niu R, Li R, Wang J, Fan X, Wang X, Sun Z. Effects of apple juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum CICC21809 on antibiotic-associated diarrhea of mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fu L, Qian Y, Shang Z, Sun X, Kong X, Gao Y. Antibiotics enhancing drug-induced liver injury assessed for causality using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method: Emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:972518. [PMID: 36160154 PMCID: PMC9500153 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.972518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a disease that remains difficult to predict and prevent from a clinical perspective, as its occurrence is hard to fully explain by the traditional mechanisms. In recent years, the risk of the DILI for microbiota dysbiosis has been recognized as a multifactorial process. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is the most commonly implicated drug in DILI worldwide with high causality gradings based on the use of RUCAM in different populations. Antibiotics directly affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota (GM) and changes in metabolites. The depletion of probiotics after antibiotics interference can reduce the efficacy of hepatoprotective agents, also manifesting as liver injury. Follow-up with liver function examination is essential during the administration of drugs that affect intestinal microorganisms and their metabolic activities, such as antibiotics, especially in patients on a high-fat diet. In the meantime, altering the GM to reconstruct the hepatotoxicity of drugs by exhausting harmful bacteria and supplementing with probiotics/prebiotics are potential therapeutic approaches. This review will provide an overview of the current evidence between gut microbiota and DILI events, and discuss the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated drug interactions. Finally, this review also provides insights into the "double-edged sword" effect of antibiotics treatment against DILI and the potential prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang Y, He B, Liu K, Shi J, Li A, Cheng J, Wei Y, Guo S, Wang Y, Ding B. Effects of long-term dietary supplementation of fermented wheat bran on immune performance and inflammatory response in laying hens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2025346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei He
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuanbo Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Cheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Guo X, Yan Z, Wang J, Fan X, Kang J, Niu R, Sun Z. Effect of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and its fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum on ceftriaxone sodium-induced dysbacteriotic diarrhea in mice. Chin Med 2022; 17:20. [PMID: 35139871 PMCID: PMC8827261 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Buzhongyiqi decoction (BD), Sijunzi decoction (SD), and Shenlingbaizhu decoction (SHD) have been extensively used clinically for the treatment of diseases caused by spleen-Qi deficiency and microbial fermentation has historically been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aimed to investigate the mitigative effect of TCM and fermented TCM (FTCM) with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and to select an optimal formula and then identify its compounds. Methods Dysbacteriosis in mice was induced by ceftriaxone sodium (CS). The mice were then treated with LP, BD, SD, SHD, fermented BD, fermented SD (FSD), and fermented SHD. Diarrhea indexes, the abundances of gut bacteria, intestinal morphometrics, and mRNA expressions of genes related to intestinal barrier function were assessed. Then, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) were employed to identify and relatively quantify the compounds in the selected decoctions. Results CS significantly increased the fecal output weight, the total number of fecal output, and fecal water content, indicating the occurrence of diarrhea. Bacterial culture tests showed that the above symptoms were accompanied by the disruption of specific intestinal flora. TCM, LP, and FTCM alleviated the diarrhea index and recovered the intestinal microbiota. FTCM showed more advantageous than TCM or LP alone. The mRNA expressions of aquaporins (AQPs) and tight junctions (TJs) decreased by CS were enhanced by TCM, LP, and FTCM. In addition, through UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, L-methionine, 4-guanidinobutyric acid (4GBA), and phenyllactate (PLA) in SD and FSD were identified and relatively quantified. Conclusions TCM, LP, and TCM fermented with LP alleviated CS-induced diarrhea symptoms, and improved the intestinal flora and barrier function. Four compounds including (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, L-methionine, 4GBA, and PLA in FSD, which were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, might function in modulating intestinal flora and improving villi structure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00575-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zipeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xinfeng Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.,Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, 032200, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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14
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Li C, Tian Y, Ma Q, Zhang B. Dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates growth impairment and intestinal dysfunction in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed a high soybean meal diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:290-303. [PMID: 34889908 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over-substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal (SBM) commonly induces inferior growth and intestinal dysfunction in fish. This study aims to evaluate whether dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) could ameliorate the adverse effects in turbot fed a high-SBM diet (HSD). Two hundred and seventy turbots were randomly divided into three treatment groups including turbots fed on a control diet (CNT, containing 60% fishmeal), an HSD (with 45% fishmeal protein replaced by SBM), and an HSD supplemented with GABA (160 mg kg-1) for 53 days. The growth and feed utilization parameters were calculated and the intestinal antioxidant status, inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiota were evaluated using assay kits, histological analysis, qRT-PCR, high throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that GABA ameliorated HSD-induced growth impairment and enhanced feed intake of turbot. GABA ameliorated HSD-induced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring the MDA content, CAT and T-AOC activities, and apoptosis-related gene (Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, and Caspase-3) expressions to similar levels to those in the CNT group. GABA also alleviated HSD-induced intestinal inflammation through down-regulating the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and up-regulating the expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, GABA reversed HSD-induced microbiota dysbiosis through regulating the overall bacterial richness and dominative bacterial population. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the altered microbiota was closely associated with growth and intestinal function. Collectively, GABA could ameliorate HSD-induced intestinal dysfunction via relieving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and microbiota dysbiosis, and these findings would contribute to a better understanding of the function of GABA in the fish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Beili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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Xie Y, Wen M, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development, and intestinal barrier function in Pekin ducks with lipopolysaccharide challenge. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101462. [PMID: 34731734 PMCID: PMC8567444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development and intestinal barrier function in Pekin ducks. A total of 480, one-day-old male Pekin ducks were divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates: 0 mg/kg Zn, 0 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 30 mg/kg Zn, 30 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg LPS, 120 mg/kg Zn, 120 mg/kg Zn +0.5 mg/kg LPS. The duck primary intestinal epithelial cells (DIECs) were divided into 6 groups: D-Zn (Zinc deficiency, treated with 2 µmol/L zinc Chelator TPEN), A-Zn (Adequate Zinc, basal medium), H-Zn (High level of Zn, supplemented with 20 µmol/L Zn), D-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS, A-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS, H-Zn + 20 µg/mL LPS. The results were as follows: in vivo, with Zn supplementation of 120 mg/kg reduced LPS-induced decrease of growth performance and intestine damage (P < 0.05), and increased intestinal digestive enzyme activity of Pekin ducks (P < 0.05). In addition, Zn supplementation also attenuated LPS-induced intestinal epithelium permeability (P < 0.05), inhibited LPS-induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related genes (P < 0.05), as well as reduced LPS-induced the intestinal stem cells mobilization of Pekin ducks (P < 0.05). In vitro, 20 µmol/L Zn inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related genes (P < 0.05), promoted the expression of cytoprotection-related genes, and attenuated LPS-induced intestinal epithelium permeability in DIECs (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, 20 µmol/L Zn enhanced tight junction protein markers including CLDN-1, OCLD, and ZO-1 both at protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and also increased the level of phosphorylation of TOR protein (P < 0.05) and activated the TOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, Zn improves growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal barrier function of Pekin ducks. Importantly, Zn also reverses LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage via enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins and activating the TOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Min Wen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Mustafa A, Bai S, Zeng Q, Ding X, Wang J, Xuan Y, Su Z, Zhang K. Limitation and Potential Effects of Different Levels of Aging Corn on Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102832. [PMID: 34679852 PMCID: PMC8532906 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corn is an important ingredient and staple food in China; thus, corn storage has a certain importance to ensure domestic food resources. Normally, corn has been stored for 3 or more years under the proper storage conditions in national barns before it is used as a feed ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of aging corn (AC) on performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal health, and microbiota in broilers. In the present study, AC grains were stored for 4 years under the proper storage conditions at the national storage facility. The results indicated that a lower level of AC diet showed improved performance and overall bird health than a higher level of AC, and comparable with a normal corn diet. However, antioxidative capacity is reduced by AC diets. Abstract Three-hundred and sixty-day-old male broilers underwent three treatments with six replicates of 20 birds per treatment. The experimental diets included NC: normal corn diet; ACL: lower level (39.6–41.24%) of AC; and ACH: a higher level (56.99–59.12%) of AC. During phase 1 (0–21 d), broilers fed on AC showed lower (p < 0.05) body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the NC group. During phase 2 (22–42 d), the NC group and ACL group showed better (p < 0.05) BW, BWG, and FCR than the ACH group. The footpad lesion score (p = 0.05) and litter moisture percentage (p < 0.05) were found to be higher in the ACH group. During phase 1, the ACL group showed a lower level of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (p < 0.05) in serum; moreover, catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (p < 0.05) were found lower in both AC-containing groups. During phase 2, CAT activity in serum was found higher (p < 0.05) in the ACH group. During phase 1, the NC group showed higher CAT (p = 0.05), GSH-Px (p < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p = 0.03); however, it showed lower MDA (p < 0.05) and total-antioxidative capability (T-AOC) (p < 0.05) in the liver. During phase 1, in breast muscle, CAT, SOD, and T-AOC were higher (p < 0.05) in the NC group. During phase 1, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were found to be lower (p < 0.05) in the ACL group. Similarly, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein were found to be lower (p < 0.05) in the ACL group than the ACH group. During phase 1, villus height was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the ACH group. Moreover, the goblet cell (GC) was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the NC group than the ACL group. During phase 2, GC was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the ACL group. In ileal digesta, during phase 1, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid (BA) levels were found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the ACL group. In cecal digesta, BA was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the NC group.
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17
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Ncho CM, Jeong C, Gupta V, Goel A. The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation on growth performances, immune responses, and blood parameters of chickens reared under stressful environment: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45019-45028. [PMID: 33856631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a well-known feed supplement for its capability of reducing the adverse effect of stress in chickens. Several studies using GABA supplementation as a mitigatory measure have been published. However, it remains difficult to draw a general conclusion since these studies have been done under different experimental conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the response (growth performances, immune responses, and blood biochemical parameters) of chickens to GABA supplementation under various stressful conditions through a meta-analysis approach. A total of 19 articles published from 2011 to 2020, including 30 treatments, were used. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to assess how the growth parameters varied based on the GABA mode of supplementation. Linear mixed models and general linear models were used to evaluate the effects of the GABA doses and the duration of the supplementation on the growth performances and the immune parameters. Results indicated that supplementation of GABA via drinking water was more effective than dietary supplementation for reducing the feed conversion ratio in heat-stressed birds (P < 0.01). In addition, an increase in the GABA doses resulted in an augmentation (P < 0.01) of the body weight gain while a longer duration of supplementation resulted in increasing (P<0.01) the feed intake. Furthermore, increasing the duration of the supplementation reduced the immunoglobulin (P < 0.0001) and bursa's relative weight (P < 0.0001), while increasing blood CD8+ count (P < 0.001) and spleen's relative weight (P < 0.0001). Finally, blood total protein content was increased (P < 0.0001) by a longer duration of supplementation. This study showed that the doses and the duration of the GABA supplementation can affect the growth performances of chickens under stressful conditions. However, the effect of GABA on immune responses and blood parameters is perceived with a relatively longer supplementation duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Major Ncho
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaemi Jeong
- Department of Applied life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Applied life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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A. Ahmed-Farid O, Salah AS, Nassan MA, El-Tarabany MS. Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092554. [PMID: 34573520 PMCID: PMC8467978 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the tropical and subtropical regions, heat stress is the main limiting factor of poultry industries. In this context, broilers are more liable to thermal stress due to their fast growth, rapid metabolic rate, and high level of production. The aim of the current work was to analyze changes in the brain serotonin, energy metabolism, antioxidant biomarkers, and blood chemistry of broiler chickens subjected to chronic thermal stress. Thermal stress disturbed the antioxidant defense system and energy metabolism and exhausted ATP levels in the liver tissues of broiler chickens. Interestingly, chronic thermal stress reduced the level of brain serotonin and the activity of CoQ10 in liver tissues. Abstract The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of chronic thermal stress on the performance, energy metabolism, liver CoQ10, brain serotonin, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In total, 100 one-day-old chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. At 22 days of age and thereafter, the first group (TN) was maintained at a thermoneutral condition (23 ± 1 °C), while the second group (TS) was subjected to 8 h of thermal stress (34 °C). The heat-stressed group showed significantly lower ADFI but higher FCR than the thermoneutral group (p = 0.030 and 0.041, respectively). The TS group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol, ALT, and AST (p = 0.033, 0.024, and 0.010, respectively). Meanwhile, the TS group showed lower serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, and Na+ than the TN group (p = 0.001, 0.025, 0.032, and 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the TS group showed significantly lower SOD and catalase in heart tissues (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). The TS group showed significantly lower liver ATP than the TN group (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, chronic thermal stress significantly increased the levels of ADP and AMP in the liver tissues of broiler chickens (p = 0.004 and 0.029, respectively). The TS group showed significantly lower brain serotonin (p = 0.004) and liver CoQ10 (p = 0.001) than the TN group. It could be concluded that thermal stress disturbed the antioxidant defense system and energy metabolism and exhausted ATP levels in the liver tissues of broiler chickens. Interestingly, chronic thermal stress reduced the level of brain serotonin and the activity of CoQ10 in liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 35521, Egypt;
| | - Ayman S. Salah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga 72511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdo Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Dietary Curcumin Improves Energy Metabolism, Brain Monoamines, Carcass Traits, Muscle Oxidative Stability and Fatty Acid Profile in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081265. [PMID: 34439513 PMCID: PMC8389285 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the impacts of dietary curcumin supplementation on energy metabolism, brain monoamines and muscle oxidative stability in heat-stressed broilers. In total, 120 day-old chicks were allocated into three equal groups of four replicates. The first group (T1) was maintained on a thermoneutral condition, while the second group (T2) was subjected to 8 h of thermal stress (34 °C), and both groups fed the basal diet with no supplement. The third group (T3) was exposed to the same thermal stress conditions and fed the basal diet supplemented with curcumin (100 mg kg-1 diet). The dietary curcumin supplementation significantly increased the breast yield (p = 0.004), but reduced the percentage of abdominal fat (p = 0.017) compared with the T2 group. The addition of curcumin to broiler diets significantly improved the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast and thigh muscles compared with the T2 group (p < 0.05). The curcumin-supplemented group showed significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde in the breast and thigh muscles than that of the T2 group (p = 0.001 and 0.015, respectively). The dietary curcumin supplementation significantly improved the levels of ATP and CoQ10 in liver tissues (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively) and brain serotonin (p = 0.006) as compared to the T2 group. Meanwhile, the heat-stressed group showed significantly higher levels of ADP and Na,K-ATPase in the liver tissues than that of the other experimental groups (p = 0.011 and 0.027, respectively). It could be concluded that dietary curcumin supplementation may improve carcass yield, energy biomarkers, brain serotonin and muscle oxidative stability of heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Abudabos AM, Suliman GM, Al-Owaimer AN, Sulaiman ARA, Alharthi AS. Effects of Nano Emulsified Vegetable Oil and Betaine on Growth Traits and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Reared under Cyclic Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071911. [PMID: 34199048 PMCID: PMC8300220 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of nano-emulsified vegetable oil (NEVO) and betaine (BET) supplements on growth performance and meat qualities of broilers reared under cyclic heat stress (HS) were investigated. Two hundred and eighty-eight mixed-sex broilers at 21 d were randomly distributed to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments formed by two environmental temperatures (thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1 °C) and cyclic high-temperature (HT; 35 ± 1 °C)) and three dietary treatments (control (CON), NEVO, and BET). The cumulative performance (21-35 d) revealed a reduction in average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) in the CON compared to NEVO. NEVO and BET groups had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance efficiency factor (PEF) compared with the CON (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). The environmental temperature affected daily feed intake (DFI), ADG, FCR, and PEF. The addition of BET improved breast fillets yield, temperature, pH15min, and pH24hr (p < 0.05) in comparison with the CON. Moreover, the TN group had lower fillet temperature and higher pH15min compared to the HT. Moreover, HT increased shear force (SF), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the fillets compared to TN. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BET and NEVO could effectively improve performance parameters and meat characteristics under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.S.); (A.N.A.-O.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.); (A.S.A.); Tel.: +966-59-763-4578 (A.M.A.)
| | - Gamaleldin M. Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.S.); (A.N.A.-O.)
| | - Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.S.); (A.N.A.-O.)
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- National Center for Environmental Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.S.); (A.N.A.-O.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.); (A.S.A.); Tel.: +966-59-763-4578 (A.M.A.)
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21
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Patra AK, Kar I. Heat stress on microbiota composition, barrier integrity, and nutrient transport in gut, production performance, and its amelioration in farm animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:211-247. [PMID: 33987600 PMCID: PMC8071753 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning,
transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their
life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in
livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical
regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental
temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by
HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due
to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota
groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of
microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced
immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens.
Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of
pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations,
which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses.
Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced
enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and
injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient
transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along
with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed
intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered
microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological
phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional
communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be
elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota
composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity,
and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals
along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to
explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - Indrajit Kar
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
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22
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Guo Y, Balasubramanian B, Zhao ZH, Liu WC. Heat stress alters serum lipid metabolism of Chinese indigenous broiler chickens-a lipidomics study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10707-10717. [PMID: 33098000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) by high-temperature environment reduced the production performance of poultry and caused losses to the breeding industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of HS on serum lipidomics in Chinese indigenous slow-growing broiler chickens (Huaixiang chickens). A total of 40 8-week-old female Huaixiang chickens were randomly allocated to two groups, including normal temperature (NT, fed basal diet) and HS (fed basal diet), and each group consisted of five replicates with four birds per replicate. NT and HS groups were exposed to 21.3 ± 1.2 °C and 32.5 ± 1.4 °C for 4 weeks, respectively. Serum lipidomics in broilers was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. The results indicated that there were significant differences in metabolic spectra between the groups, and a total of 17 differential metabolites were screened. Compared with NT group, HS group reduced the serum ceramide (cer) (d18:1/22:0), cer (d18:1/24:1), cer (d20:2/22:2), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:0), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/20:4), PC (15:0/23:4), PC (18:0/22:6), PC (18:2/18:2), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:1/18:1), polyethylene terephthalate (PEt) (37:3/8:0), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (32:1/16:2), phosphatidyl methyl ethanolamine (PMe) (19:3/13:0), PMe (26:1/9:0), sphingomyelin (SM) (d16:0/18:1), triglycerides (TG) (18:0/18:1/18:2), and TG (19:4/21:6/21:6) levels [variable importance in the projection (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05)], while HS group increased serum PC (17:0/17:0) content (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05). Also, metabolic pathway analysis showed that the pathways of glycerolphospholipid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored biosynthesis were changed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HS led to the disorders of serum lipid metabolism in broilers, and mainly downregulated serum content of phospholipids. These findings provide novel insights into the effects of HS on serum lipidomics in indigenous slow-growing chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhi-Hui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Wu QJ, Liu ZH, Jiao C, Cheng BY, Li SW, Ma Y, Wang YQ, Wang Y. Effects of Glutamine on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response in Heat-Stressed Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- QJ Wu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - ZH Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - C Jiao
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - BY Cheng
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - SW Li
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Y Ma
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - YQ Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, PR China
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24
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Wu QJ, Jiao C, Liu ZH, Cheng BY, Liao JH, Zhu DD, Ma Y, Li YX, Li W. Effect of glutamine on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function, and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:51-57. [PMID: 33296811 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens, 540 21-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to a control group (no stress, NS), Gln group (Chickens were administered 0.5% and 1.0% Gln, respectively), heat stress group (HT), and Gln + HT group (Chickens were administered 0.5% and 1.0% Gln, respectively). The chickens in the HT and Gln + HT groups were reared under HT (36 ± 1 °C for 10 h/d and 22 ± 1 °C for 14 h/d), for 21 days. In contrast to the NS group, heat stress caused a reduction in the body weight gain (BWG); feed intake (FI); activity of trypsin, lipase, alkaline phosphatases, Ca2+ and Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatases, and Na+-K+-ATPase; and content of glutathione and d-xylose (P < 0.05) in the other groups. In addition, compared to the F:G and expression levels in the NS group, the heat stress increased the feed intake:body weight gain (F:G) and mRNA expression levels of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, and L-GSBP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HT-challenged birds were pretreated with Gln, the BWG; FI; activity of trypsin, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, Ca2+ and Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatases, and Na+-K+-ATPase; and content of glutathione and d-xylose (P < 0.05) were dramatically increased, but it decreased the F:G and mRNA expression levels of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, and L-GSBP (P < 0.05) in the HT group. In summary, Gln can effectively improve growth performance and may promote digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract by mediating the mRNA expression level of nutrient transporters and Gln metabolism in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Chong Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhi Hao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Bin Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Hui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Dou Dou Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Wang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
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Jeong SB, Kim YB, Lee JW, Kim DH, Moon BH, Chang HH, Choi YH, Lee KW. Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:293-304. [PMID: 33005763 PMCID: PMC7503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in broiler chickens raised in high stocking density (HSD) on performance and physiological responses. A total of 900 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) at 1 d old were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to 4 treatments (10 replicates per treatment) with stocking density, 7.5 birds/m2 (low stocking density; LSD) or 15 birds/m2 (HSD), and dietary GABA, 0 or 100 mg/kg. Chickens raised in HSD exhibited a decrease in body weight gain in all phases (P < 0.05) and feed intake in starter and whole phases (P < 0.01), and an increase in feed conversion ratio in the finisher phase (P < 0.01) compared with LSD-raised chickens. However, dietary GABA did not affect growth performance nor interacted with stocking density on production variables. The HSD vs. LSD increased relative liver weight on d 35 whereas dietary GABA increased relative liver weight and decreased relative bursa weight on d 21. Both stocking density and dietary GABA affected yield and quality of breast and leg muscles. Dietary GABA increased (P < 0.05) width of tibia on d 35 and interacted (P = 0.054) with stocking density on breaking stocking density on d 35. The HSD vs. LSD group lowered (P < 0.05) feather coverage scores. Significant interaction between stocking density and GABA on surface temperature of shank on d 21 was noted (P = 0.024). Dietary GABA exhibited an opposite effect on the concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids depending on stocking density leading to a moderate to significant interaction. Stocking density decreased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein whereas dietary GABA decreased heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and corticosterone in blood or serum samples. Serum biochemical parameters were altered by stocking density or dietary GABA. It is concluded that dietary GABA alleviated stress indices including corticosterone and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, but failed to reverse stocking density-induced growth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Been Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hong-Hee Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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26
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Barido FH, Lee CW, Park YS, Kim DY, Lee SK. The effect of a finishing diet supplemented with γ-aminobutyric acids on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:621-632. [PMID: 32882778 PMCID: PMC7961294 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. METHODS Eighteen Hanwoo steers with an average initial weight of 644.83±12.91 kg were randomly allocated into three different groups. Each group consisted of 6 animals that were treated with different diets formulated based on the animals' body weights. The control (C) group was fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate and rice straw with 74% total digestible nutrients (TDNs) and 12% crude protein (CP). The two other groups were treatment groups; one group was fed a basal diet (74% TDNs and 12% CP) supplemented with rumen-protected GABA at a dose of 150 mg/kg feed, and the other group was fed a basal diet (74% TDNs and 12% CP) supplemented with GABA at a dose of 300 mg/kg feed. RESULTS The GABA supplementation significantly contributed to better growth performance (p<0.05), especially the weight gain and average daily gain. It also contributed to the lower cooking loss (p<0.05), improvements in essential antioxidant enzymes and stable regulation of antioxidant activities in the longissimus lumborum of Hanwoo steers, as represented by the lower formation of malondialdehyde content within the meat, the inhibition of myoglobin oxidation indicated by the retention of the oxymyoglobin percentage, and the suppression of metmyoglobin percentage during cold storage (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Higher doses of GABA may not significantly promote better animal performance and meat quality, suggesting that dietary supplementation with GABA at a dose of 100 ppm is sufficient to improve the meat quality of Hanwoo steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouq Heidar Barido
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Gangwon Province Livestock Research Institute, Hoengseong 25266, Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Park
- Gangwon Province Livestock Research Institute, Hoengseong 25266, Korea
| | - Do Yeong Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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27
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Tao Z, Zhu C, Xu W, Shi Z, Zhang S, Song W, Liu H, Li H. Riemerella anatipestifer infection affects intestinal barrier structure and immune reactions in the duck caecum. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:572-580. [PMID: 32634322 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1792414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infection causes high mortality and poor feed conversion, leading to great economic losses to the duck industry. This study investigated the effects of RA on the intestinal morphology and immune response of ducks. Histological examination showed that RA infection caused intestinal injury, including significantly reduced mucosal thickness on days 2, 3 and 5, significantly reduced villus height on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced villus height to crypt depth ratios on days 2, 3, 5 and 9 of RA infection (P < 0.05). The expression of intestinal mucosal layer construction-associated genes and tight junction genes was significantly altered on at least one time point (day 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 or 14) after RA infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that RA infection affected intestinal mucosal immune function. The genes encoding TLR4 (toll like receptor-4), TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6), MYD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-8 were significantly upregulated on day 2 of RA infection. Taken together, these results indicate that RA infection negatively affects intestinal barrier function in ducks due to impaired mucosal and villus-crypt structure and alters the mRNA expression of mucous layer construction-, intestinal tight junction-, and intestinal mucosal immunity-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Tao
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infections Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infections Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuhao Shi
- Pony Testing Group Jiangsu Co., Ltd, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjie Zhang
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Song
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Li
- Department of Waterfowl Breeding and Production, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wang WW, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Li QH, Yu ZQ, Chen Z. Effect of heat stress on mitogen-activated protein kinases in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of developing Wenchang chicks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:567-577. [PMID: 32416843 PMCID: PMC7587847 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) of Wenchang chicks under heat stress (HS) were investigated. Additionally, the crosstalk between these signaling pathways was explored. Immunohistochemical experiments and Western blotting were employed to quantify extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38MAPK (P38). In female chicks, hypothalamic ERKs were upregulated in Weeks 1 and 2 in the HS group compared with the control group (CK), while JNK and p38 were downregulated (P < 0.05). Pituitary MAPKs were all downregulated in the HS group compared with the CK group in Week 3, but p38 was upregulated in Week 4 (P < 0.01). In the HS group, ovarian MAPKs were all upregulated compared with the CK group during Week 5, whereas ERK was downregulated in Week 6 (P < 0.01). In contrast to the patterns of MAPK expression in female chicks in the HS and CK groups, ERK in male chicks showed a completely opposite pattern in Weeks 1, 2, and 5, while p38 and JNK were downregulated in both female and male chicks under HS during Weeks 2 and 3. In the HS group, pituitary and testis MAPKs showed a pattern opposite to that observed in female chicks under HS in Week 5; MAPKs were all downregulated (P < 0.05). Thus, there are gender differences in the MAPK signaling pathways in the HPG axis in chicks, and these pathways showed plasticity. Early HS can enhance chick growth and development as well as promote developing in the MAPK signaling pathways in the HPG axis. However, after heated brooding was discontinued in chicks, long-term HS obstructed chick development and caused tissue and function injury to the HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Li
- College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Z Chen
- College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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30
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Cheng YF, Chen YP, Chen R, Su Y, Zhang RQ, He QF, Wang K, Wen C, Zhou YM. Dietary mannan oligosaccharide ameliorates cyclic heat stress-induced damages on intestinal oxidative status and barrier integrity of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4767-4776. [PMID: 31005999 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated protective effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) inclusion on growth performance, intestinal oxidative status, and barrier integrity of cyclic heat-stressed broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were allocated into 3 treatments of 10 replicates each. Control broilers reared at a thermoneutral temperature were fed a basal diet, whereas broilers in heat stress and MOS groups raised at a cyclic high temperature (32 to 33°C for 8 h/d) were given the basal diet supplemented with 0 or 250 mg/kg MOS, respectively. Compared with control group, heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio during grower, finisher, and entire periods, average daily feed intake during finisher and entire periods, and ileal superoxide dismutase activity at 42 D, whereas increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperature at 21 and 42 D and jejunal malondialdehyde content at 42 D. Dietary MOS increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio during finisher and entire periods, but decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal malondialdehyde concentration of heat-stressed broilers at 42 D. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height (VH) and claudin-3 gene expression at 21 D, and VH and VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in jejunum and ileum as well as mRNA abundances of jejunal mucin 2 and occludin, and ileal mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin, and claudin-3 at 42 D, whereas increased (P < 0.05) serum D-lactate acid content at 21 and 42 D, and serum diamine oxidase activity and jejunal CD at 42 D. The MOS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) jejunal VH at 21 D, VH and VH: CD of jejunum and ileum at 42 D, mRNA abundances of jejunal occludin and ileal mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin at 42 D, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) ileal CD at 42 D. These results suggested that MOS improved growth performance, and oxidative status and barrier integrity in the intestine of broilers under cyclic heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Y P Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - R Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Y Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - R Q Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Q F He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - K Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - C Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Y M Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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31
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Denatonium as a bitter taste receptor agonist damages jejunal epithelial cells of yellow-feathered chickens via inducing apoptosis. Animal 2019; 14:1223-1233. [PMID: 31840624 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of bitter taste is critical for chickens to acquire and select feeds. It is important to understand the roles and mechanisms of bitter taste transduction in chickens. Denatonium is extensively used as a bitter taste receptor agonist to activate bitter taste receptors in recent studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological effects and the potential molecular mechanisms of dietary exposure to a strong bitter taste receptor agonist on the jejunal epithelial cells of yellow-feathered chickens. A total of 240 yellow-feathered chickens were divided into four treatments receiving a normal diet (Control), a low-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 5 mg/kg denatonium), a middle-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 20 mg/kg denatonium) and a high-dose denatonium treatment (Control + 100 mg/kg denatonium) for 56 days, respectively. The results showed that dietary denatonium reduced (P < 0.05) the growth performance of chickens. High-dose denatonium damaged the morphology of the jejunal epithelium and decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of Ca2+-ATPase, sucrase and maltase after 56 days of exposure. Meanwhile, high-dose denatonium increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of bitter taste receptors, which resulted in enhanced apoptosis in jejunal epithelial cells after 56 days of exposure. Furthermore, middle-dose and high-dose denatonium exhibited increased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of claudin 2 and decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of occludin after 28 days of exposure. Only high-dose denatonium decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA level of occludin after 56 days of exposure. In conclusion, denatonium manifested deleterious effects on the jejunum of chickens in a dose-effect manner via damaging the morphology of the jejunal epithelium, and inducing apoptosis associated with bitter taste receptors. Our data suggest that bitter-tasting feed additives may have side effects on the growth and development of intestines in chickens.
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Protect Sprague Dawley Rats from Cyclic Heat Stress by Attenuation of Oxidative and Inflammation Stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121074. [PMID: 31816916 PMCID: PMC6940990 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress has negative effects on animal health and performance, and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COS alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in heat-stressed rats. The results indicated heat stress decreased (p < 0.05) growth performance; the relative weight of spleen and kidney; and the level of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 in liver, spleen, and kidney, while it increased (p < 0.05) the MDA and inflammatory cytokines concentration. Dietary COS supplementation enhanced (p < 0.05) ADG, the relative weight of spleen and kidney, and the level of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Collectively, COS was beneficial to heat-stressed rats by alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory response. Abstract Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COS on antioxidant system and inflammatory response in heat-stressed rats. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided to three groups and reared at either 24 °C or 35 °C for 4 h/d for this 7-day experiment: CON, control group with basal diet; HS, heat stress group with basal diet; HSC, heat stress with 200mg/kg COS supplementation. Compared with the CON group, HS significantly decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG); average daily feed intake (ADFI); the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10; spleen SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10, while significantly increased the MDA concentration in liver, spleen, and kidney; the liver IL-1β concentration; and spleen and kidney IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. In addition, dietary COS supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) ADG; the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver GSH-Px, spleen GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney GSH-Px, while significantly decreased (p < 0.05) liver IL-1β concentration under heat stress condition. Collectively, COS was beneficial to heat-stressed rats by alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory response.
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He X, Lu Z, Ma B, Zhang L, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, jejunal morphology, appetite-related hormones, and genes expression in broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2719-2728. [PMID: 30778570 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to elucidate effects of taurine supplementation on growth performance, jejunal histology, and appetite-related genes expressions of broilers under heat stress. A total of 144 broilers on 28 d were allocated to three groups with 6 cages each group, 8 broilers per cage. The experiment period is from 28 to 42 d of age. In normal control (NC) group, chickens were held at 22°C ambient temperature (thermoneutral) and fed a basal diet. In the heat stress (HS) group, chickens were raised to constant HS at 32°C and received a basal diet. In the HS+ taurine group, chickens were fed a basal diet with 5 g/kg taurine supplementation. The results showed that HS group had lower average daily feed intake, average daily gain, higher feed/gain ratio compared with the NC group (P < 0.05), while taurine addition did not ameliorate the lowered growth performance. Cloacal temperatures and respiration rates in the HS and heat taurine group were higher (P < 0.05) than in the NC group. Heat stress treatment elevated (P < 0.05) the concentrations of ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in serum and intestine, together with peptide YY and somatostatin (SS) in the intestine after 7 or 14 d of heat exposure. In addition, HS damaged the jejunal morphology by shortening villus height and deepening crypt depth (P < 0.05), upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of taste receptor type 1 member 1 (T1R1), taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3), CCK and ghrelin in the intestine. Taurine supplementation significantly mitigated the impairment of jejunal morphology, decreased the concentrations of serum ghrelin, increased the concentrations of somatostatin and peptide YY in the duodenum, elevated the mRNA expression levels of CCK in the jejunum compared with the HS group. In conclusion, taurine exerted no positive effects on the growth performance, while mitigated the impairment of jejunal morphology, increased some anorexic hormones secretion and mRNA expression of appetite-related genes in the intestine of broilers subjected to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Liu JB, Yan HL, Zhang Y, Hu YD, Zhang HF. Effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity in broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:605-614. [PMID: 31480160 PMCID: PMC7054606 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. METHODS A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. RESULTS The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H5N1 titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. CONCLUSION Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H L Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Y D Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - H F Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu W, Yuan Y, Sun C, Balasubramanian B, Zhao Z, An L. Effects of Dietary Betaine on Growth Performance, Digestive Function, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Indigenous Yellow-Feathered Broilers under Long-Term Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080506. [PMID: 31370305 PMCID: PMC6720770 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress, one of the major problems in tropical and subtropical regions, adversely affects poultry production. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine on growth performance, digestive function, carcass traits, and meat quality in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers subjected to long-term heat stress. The results demonstrated that long-term heat exposure reduced the growth performance, digestive function, and carcass yield, and dietary betaine supplementation partially alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress on these parameters. These findings are useful for development of anti-heat stress feed additives in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers. Abstract Heat stress has a profound effect on poultry health and productivity. The present study evaluated whether feeding betaine could ameliorate long-term heat stress-induced impairment of productive performance in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 240 five-week-old male broilers were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates of eight broilers each. The five treatments included a thermoneutral zone control group (TN, fed basal diet), a heat stress control group (HS, fed basal diet), and an HS control group supplemented 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. The TN group was raised at 26 ± 1 °C during the whole study, HS groups exposed to 32 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day from 9:00 am to 17:00 pm. The results showed that heat stress decreased the body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake of broilers during 1–5, 6–10, and 1–10 weeks (p < 0.05). Dietary betaine tended to improve the BWG and feed intake of broilers under 5 weeks of heat stress (linear, p < 0.10), and betaine supplementation linearly increased the BWG and feed intake during 6–10 and 1–10 weeks (p < 0.05). Additionally, nitrogen retention was reduced by 5 weeks and 10 weeks of heat stress (p < 0.05), whereas dietary betaine could improve nitrogen retention in heat stressed broilers after both 5 and 10 weeks of heat stress (linear, p < 0.05). Moreover, this study observed that the trypsin activity of jejunum was decreased by 5 weeks of heat stress (p < 0.05), whereas betaine supplementation had quadratic effects on trypsin activity of jejunum in heat stressed broilers (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 10 weeks of heat stress induced a reduction of villus height of the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05), and decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio of the jejunum (p < 0.05). Supplementation with betaine ameliorated the adverse effects of heat stress on these parameters (p < 0.05). Compared with the TN group, 10 weeks of heat stress reduced carcass and breast yield (p < 0.05) and betaine supplementation improved carcass and breast yield of heat stressed broilers (linear, p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of betaine could reduce the detrimental effects of long-term heat stress on growth performance, digestive function, and carcass traits in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | | | - Zhihui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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An Updated Review on Pharmaceutical Properties of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152678. [PMID: 31344785 PMCID: PMC6696076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is widely present in microorganisms, plants, and vertebrates. So far, Gaba is well known as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its physiological roles are related to the modulation of synaptic transmission, the promotion of neuronal development and relaxation, and the prevention of sleeplessness and depression. Besides, various pharmaceutical properties of Gaba on non-neuronal peripheral tissues and organs were also reported due to anti-hypertension, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-allergy, hepato-protection, reno-protection, and intestinal protection. Therefore, Gaba may be considered as potential alternative therapeutics for prevention and treatment of various diseases. Accordingly, this updated review was mainly focused to describe the pharmaceutical properties of Gaba as well as emphasize its important role regarding human health.
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Liang W, Lu BB, Liang C, Yu ZQ, Xie XZ, Chen Z. Effects of Heat Stress on the Development of GABAergic Neurons in the HPG Axis of Wenchang Chicks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Liang
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - BB Lu
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - C Liang
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - ZQ Yu
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - XZ Xie
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - Z Chen
- Hainan Normal University, China
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Wang J, Cao F, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Sheng Q, Qin W. Improvement of Quality and Digestibility of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Feed via Solid-State Fermentation by Aspergillus Niger. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Moringa oleifera leaf is an important source worldwide with a high nutritional value and functions in food and feed that may also treat a myriad of ailments but the leaf has low organoleptic properties and digestibility. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel Aspergillus niger was isolated from the Moringa leaf material. The fungal strain grows well on moist Moringa leaves and requires no additives. After performing a single factor test for temperature, moisture, inoculation size, and fermentation, the optimized condition was determined by using a response surface method, followed by a small-scale production test. The pleasant, sweet smelling aroma in the fermented leaves was then generated, supplementing than its native repulsive smell. The protein content and digestibility of the leaves increased by 23.4 % and 54.4 %, respectively; the direct-fed microbes reached up to 1.99 × 109 CFU per gram of fermented freeze-dried Moringa leaves. Digestive lignocellulolytic enzymes were substantially produced with 2.97 ± 0.24 U.g−1 of filter paper activity and 564.9 ± 37.4 U.g−1 of xylanase activity. Moreover, some functional components, such as flavonoids and γ-Aminobutyric acid content, were also significantly increased compared to that of the unfermented leaves. In conclusion, the feed quality and digestibility of Moringa oleifera leaves were greatly improved via solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Fermented Moringa oleifera can be used as a potentially high- quality feed alternative for the animal industry.
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Lee YM, Choi JH, Min WK, Han JK, Oh JW. Induction of functional erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor gene expression by gamma-aminobutyric acid and piperine in kidney epithelial cells. Life Sci 2018; 215:207-215. [PMID: 30439377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and piperine-induced erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-receptor expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of GABA and piperine on cell viability was examined using kidney epithelial cells. Expression levels of EPO and EPO-R mRNA and protein were evaluated in response to GABA and piperine treatments. GABA- and piperine-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated. Additionally, EPO function was evaluated using conditioned media containing EPO. The GABA receptor type involved in this process was identified. KEY FINDINGS Messenger RNA and protein expression levels of EPO and EPO-R significantly increased in response to treatment with GABA, piperine, or the combination of both, compared with control. GABA plus piperine synergistically enhanced EPO and EPO-R expression through p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways, but not through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK pathway. SB203580 and SP600125 (p38 and JNK pathway inhibitors, respectively) attenuated GABA plus piperine-induced EPO and EPO-R expression. Treatment of macrophages with EPO-containing conditioned media induced mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB due to the interaction between EPO and EPO-R. Interestingly, GABA-induced EPO and EPO-R expression was mediated through GABAA, not GABAB, receptor activation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that GABA plus piperine-mediated p38 and JNK MAPK activation increases EPO and EPO-R expression, resulting in up-regulation of IL-10 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kwon Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Department of Research and Development Center, Milae Resource ML Co. Ltd., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Guo K, Cao H, Zhu Y, Wang T, Hu G, Kornmatitsuk B, Luo J. Improving effects of dietary rumen protected γ-aminobutyric acid additive on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat-stressed beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1280-1286. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Bunlue Kornmatitsuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health; Mahidol University; Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
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Li ZY, Lin J, Sun F, Li H, Xia J, Li XN, Ge J, Zhang C, Li JL. Transport stress induces weight loss and heart injury in chicks: disruption of ionic homeostasis via modulating ion transporting ATPases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24142-24153. [PMID: 28445983 PMCID: PMC5421834 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation is inevitable in the poultry industry, and it can induce stress to chicks in varying degrees, such as mild discomfort, sometimes even death. However, the research about the effects of transport stress on the weight loss and heart injury of chicks is lacking. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of transport stress-induced effects, chicks were transported for 2h, 4h and 8h. The creatinine kinase (CK) activities, the ionic contents, the ATPases activities and the transcription of the ATPase associated subunits in chick heart were detected. The results showed that transport stress increased the weight loss and the CK activity, disturbed the ionic (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) homeostasis and inhibited the ATPase (Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities, increased the ATP content and downregulated the gene expression levels of the ATPase associated subunits in heart. In conclusion, transport stress disturbed the ionic homeostasis via modulating ion transporting ATPases and the transcriptions of the associated subunits, and ultimately induced weight loss and heart injury in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jia Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Harbin Sport University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, Noreldin AE. Managerial and Nutritional Trends to Mitigate Heat Stress Risks in Poultry Farms. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2018_290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lassenius MI, Fogarty CL, Blaut M, Haimila K, Riittinen L, Paju A, Kirveskari J, Järvelä J, Ahola AJ, Gordin D, Härma MA, Kumar A, Hamarneh SR, Hodin RA, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Hörkkö S, Pussinen PJ, Forsblom C, Jauhiainen M, Taskinen MR, Groop PH, Lehto M. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase at the crossroad of intestinal health and disease - a putative role in type 1 diabetes. J Intern Med 2017; 281:586-600. [PMID: 28393441 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 1 diabetes have shown an increase in circulating cytokines, altered lipoprotein metabolism and signs of vascular dysfunction in response to high-fat meals. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates lipid transport and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We therefore hypothesized that changes in IAP activity could have profound effects on gut metabolic homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Faecal samples of 41 nondiabetic controls and 46 patients with type 1 diabetes were analysed for IAP activity, calprotectin, immunoglobulins and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The impact of oral IAP supplementation on intestinal immunoglobulin levels was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice exposed to high-fat diet for 11 weeks. RESULTS Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited signs of intestinal inflammation. Compared to controls, patients with diabetes had higher faecal calprotectin levels, lower faecal IAP activities accompanied by lower propionate and butyrate concentrations. Moreover, the amount of faecal IgA and the level of antibodies binding to oxidized LDL were decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes. In mice, oral IAP supplementation increased intestinal IgA levels markedly. CONCLUSION Deprivation of protective intestinal factors may increase the risk of inflammation in the gut - a phenomenon that seems to be present already in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Low levels of intestinal IgA and antibodies to oxidized lipid epitopes may predispose such patients to inflammation-driven complications such as cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. Importantly, oral IAP supplementation could have beneficial therapeutic effects on gut metabolic homeostasis, possibly through stimulation of intestinal IgA secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lassenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C L Fogarty
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - K Haimila
- Blood Group Unit, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Riittinen
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Paju
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kirveskari
- Department of Bacteriology, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Järvelä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A J Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M-A Härma
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kumar
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S R Hamarneh
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Sorsa
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Tervahartiala
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Nordlab Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M-R Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P-H Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - M Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Liu Y, Yang X, Xin H, Chen S, Yang C, Duan Y, Yang X. Effects of a protected inclusion of organic acids and essential oils as antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microflora in broilers. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1414-1424. [PMID: 28317217 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of protected essential oils and organic acids mixture on poultry feeding. A total of 450 1-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted into three treatments with six replicates. Birds were offered a basal diet (C), basal diet with 0.15 g/kg enramycin premix (A) and basal diet with 0.30 g/kg protected essential oils and organic acids mixture product (P). The results showed that protected essential oils and organic acids mixture supplementation reduced average daily feed intake and ratio of feed to gain (F/G) at 22-42 days of age, and F/G during 1-42 days of age also declined (P < 0.05). Product supplementation improved spleen index, villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum at 42 days when compared with the control (P < 0.05). In addition, secretory immunoglobulin A level of ileal mucosa and trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of intestinal tract were higher in the P treatment. Bacterial sequence analysis of the intestinal tract revealed that protected essential oils and organic acids mixture supplementation changed gut microflora mainly in Lactobacillus. These data suggested that dietary mixture of organic acids and essential oils addition could be used in the poultry industry as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Yulan Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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47
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Xie XZ, Liang C, Li MH, Chen Z. Effects of Gaba on the Thymus Cytokines of Wenchang Chickens Submitted to Heat Stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XZ Xie
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - C Liang
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - MH Li
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - Z Chen
- Hainan Normal University, China
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48
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Chand N, Muhammad S, Khan RU, Alhidary IA, Rehman ZU. Ameliorative effect of synthetic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on performance traits, antioxidant status and immune response in broiler exposed to cyclic heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23930-23935. [PMID: 27628921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the effect of synthetic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the performance, antioxidant status, and immune response in broiler exposed to summer stress. A total of 400-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was randomly distributed into five treatments (5 replicates). One group served as a control (basal diet only) while the others were supplemented with GABA at the rate of 25 (GABA-25), 50 (GABA 50), 75 (GABA-75), and 100 (GABA-100) mg/kg feed. The experiment was continued for 35 days. Feed intake during the third week was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in GABA-75 and GABA-100, however, it increased significantly (P < 0.05) in GABA-100 during the fourth and fifth week. Overall mean feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) high in GABA-75 and GABA-100. From the results, we found that body weight improved significantly (P < 0.05) in GABA-50 in week-3. During the fourth, fifth, and overall, body weight increased significantly (P < 0.05) in GABA-100. Significantly, high (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found in GABA-100 during the third, fourth, fifth, and on an overall basis. Mean Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in GABA-100 while Paraoxonase (PON1) and Newcastle disease (ND) titer increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the same group. We concluded that performance traits, antioxidant status, and immune response improved in broiler supplemented 100 mg/kg GABA, exposed to cyclic heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Chand
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Alhidary
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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49
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Hu H, Bai X, Shah AA, Dai S, Wang L, Hua J, Che C, He S, Wen A, Jiang J. Interactive effects of glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on growth performance and skeletal muscle amino acid metabolism of 22-42-day-old broilers exposed to hot environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:907-915. [PMID: 26493197 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects between dietary glutamine (Gln, 0 and 5 g/kg) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0 and 100 mg/kg) on growth performance and amino acid (AA) metabolism of broilers under hot environment. A total of 360 22-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups under thermoneutral chamber (PC, 23 °C) and cyclic heat stress (HS, 30-34 °C cycling) conditions. Compared with the PC group, cyclic HS decreased (P < 0.05) daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed consumption (DFC), the concentrations of Gln, glutamate (Glu), and GABA, and the activities of glutaminase and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in breast muscle at 28, 35, and 42 days, while it increased (P < 0.05) the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) at 28, 35, and 42 days. Dietary Gln and GABA improved (P < 0.05) DWG and DFC of broilers under cyclic HS during 28-42 days. In breast muscle, the Gln supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of Gln (28, 35, and 42 days), Glu (28, 35, and 42 days), and GABA (42 days) and the activities of glutaminase (28, 35, and 42 days) and GAD (28, 35, and 42 days) but decreased (P < 0.05) GS activities at 28, 35, and 42 days and GABA-T activities at 28 days. The addition of GABA increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of Gln and Glu and activities of glutaminase and GAD, while it decreased (P < 0.05) GABA-T activities at 28, 35, and 42 days. Significant interactions (P < 0.05) between Gln and GABA were found on breast skeletal muscle Gln concentrations, glutaminase activities, GS activities at 28 and 35 days, and DWG, GABA concentrations, and GABA-T activities at 28, 35, and 42 days in broilers under cyclic HS. In conclusion, the present results indicated that the interactions of exogenous Gln and GABA could offer a potential nutritional strategy to prevent HS-related depression in skeletal muscle Gln and GABA metabolism of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Assar Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifa Dai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Like Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Hua
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, No. 9 Donghua road, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
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50
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Xie LJ, Xie XZ, Zhou YW, Liang C, Jiang YY, Chen Z. Effect of Heat Stress on the Expression of GABA Receptor mRNA in the HPG Axis of Wenchang Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LJ Xie
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - XZ Xie
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - YW Zhou
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - C Liang
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | | | - Z Chen
- Hainan Normal University, China
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