1
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Shi H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Yue C, Li D, Yao L, Tang C. Combining Flexible Region Design and Automatic Design to Enhance the Thermal Stability and Catalytic Efficiency of Leucine Dehydrogenase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38838197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH, EC 1.4.1.9) can reversibly catalyze the oxidative deamination of l-leucine and some other specific α-amino acids to form the corresponding α-ketoacids. This reaction has great significance in the field of food additives and the pharmaceutical industry. The LeuDH from Exiguobacterium sibiricum (EsLeuDH) has high catalytic efficiency but limited thermal stability, hindering its widespread industrial application. In this study, a mutant N5F/I12L/A352Y of EsLeuDH (referred to as M2) was developed with enhanced thermal stability and catalytic activity through rational modification. The M2 mutant exhibits a half-life at 60 °C (t1/2(60 °C)) of 975.7 min and a specific activity of 69.6 U mg-1, which is 5.4 and 2.1 times higher than those of EsLeuDH, respectively. This research may facilitate the utilization of EsLeuDH at elevated temperatures, enhancing its potential for industrial applications. The findings offer a practical and efficient approach for optimizing LeuDH and other industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Shi
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Training Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan 473300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunduo Tang
- College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
- Postdoctoral Innovation Training Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan 473300, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gasteazoro F, Catucci G, Barbieri L, De Angelis M, Dalla Costa A, Sadeghi SJ, Gilardi G, Valetti F. Cascade reactions with two non-physiological partners for NAD(P)H regeneration via renewable hydrogen. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300567. [PMID: 38581100 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
An attractive application of hydrogenases, combined with the availability of cheap and renewable hydrogen (i.e., from solar and wind powered electrolysis or from recycled wastes), is the production of high-value electron-rich intermediates such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. Here, the capability of a very robust and oxygen-resilient [FeFe]-hydrogenase (CbA5H) from Clostridium beijerinckii SM10, previously identified in our group, combined with a reductase (BMR) from Bacillus megaterium (now reclassified as Priestia megaterium) was tested. The system shows a good stability and it was demonstrated to reach up to 28 ± 2 nmol NADPH regenerated s-1 mg of hydrogenase-1 (i.e., 1.68 ± 0.12 U mg-1, TOF: 126 ± 9 min-1) and 0.46 ± 0.04 nmol NADH regenerated s-1 mg of hydrogenase-1 (i.e., 0.028 ± 0.002 U mg-1, TOF: 2.1 ± 0.2 min-1), meaning up to 74 mg of NADPH and 1.23 mg of NADH produced per hour by a system involving 1 mg of CbA5H. The TOF is comparable with similar systems based on hydrogen as regenerating molecule for NADPH, but the system is first of its kind as for the [FeFe]-hydrogenase and the non-physiological partners used. As a proof of concept a cascade reaction involving CbA5H, BMR and a mutant BVMO from Acinetobacter radioresistens able to oxidize indole is presented. The data show how the cascade can be exploited for indigo production and multiple reaction cycles can be sustained using the regenerated NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasteazoro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CICATA Unidad Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico D. F., Mexico
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lisa Barbieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Melissa De Angelis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sheila J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Valetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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3
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Wang R, Jianyao J, Liu X, Yaru C, Xu Q, Xue F. Construction of metal-organic framework-based multienzyme system for L-tert-leucine production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02900-6. [PMID: 37452834 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral compounds are important drug intermediates that play a critical role in human life. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare multi-enzyme nano-devices with high catalytic activity and stability. The self-assemble molecular binders SpyCatcher and SpyTag were fused with leucine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase to produce sc-LeuDH (SpyCatcher-fused leucine dehydrogenase) and GDH-st (SpyTag-fused glucose dehydrogenase), respectively. After assembling, the cross-linked enzymes LeuDH-GDH were formed. The crosslinking enzyme has good pH stability and temperature stability. The coenzyme cycle constant of LeuDH-GDH was always higher than that of free double enzymes. The yield of L-tert-leucine synthesis by LeuDH-GDH was 0.47 times higher than that by free LeuDH and GDH. To further improve the enzyme performance, the cross-linked LeuDH-GDH was immobilized on zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) via bionic mineralization, forming LeuDH-GDH @ZIF-8. The created co-immobilized enzymes showed even better pH stability and temperature stability than the cross-linked enzymes, and LeuDH-GDH@ZIF-8 retains 70% relative conversion rate in the first four reuses. In addition, the yield of LeuDH-GDH@ZIF-8 was 0.62 times higher than that of LeuDH-GDH, and 1.38 times higher than that of free double enzyme system. This work provides a novel method for developing multi-enzyme nano-device, and the ease of operation of this method is appealing for the construction of other multi-enzymes @MOF systems for the applications in the kinds of complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jia Jianyao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chen Yaru
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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4
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Zhao L, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang H, Gao X, Qin B, Jia X, You S. A novel NADH-dependent leucine dehydrogenase for multi-step cascade synthesis of L-phosphinothricin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110225. [PMID: 36921551 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
L-Phosphinothricin (L-PPT) is the effective constituent in racemic PPT (a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum herbicide), and the exploitation of green and sustainable synthesis route for L-PPT has always been the focus in pesticide industry. In recent years, "one-pot, two-step" enzyme-mediated cascade strategy is a mainstream pathway to obtain L-PPT. Herein, RgDAAO and BsLeuDH were applied to expand "one-pot, two-step" process. Notably, a NADH-dependent leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsLeuDH) was firstly characterized and attempted to generate L-PPT, achieving an excellent enantioselectivity (99.9% ee). Meanwhile, a formate dehydrogenase from Pichia pastoris (PpFDH) was utilized to implement NADH cofactor regeneration and only CO2 was by-product. Sufficient amount of the corresponding keto acid precursor PPO was obtained by oxidation of D-PPT relying on a D-amino acid oxidase from Rhodotorula gracilis (RgDAAO) with content conversion (46.1%). L-PPT was ultimately prepared from racemized PPT via oxidative deamination catalyzed by RgDAAO and reductive amination catalyzed by BsLeuDH, achieving 80.3% overall yield and > 99.9% ee value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiao Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song You
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wu T, Wang Y, Zhang N, Yin D, Xu Y, Nie Y, Mu X. Reshaping Substrate-Binding Pocket of Leucine Dehydrogenase for Bidirectionally Accessing Structurally Diverse Substrates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian223800, China
| | - Yinmiao Wang
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Ningxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
- Suqian Jiangnan University Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian223800, China
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6
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Characterization of a New Marine Leucine Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas balearica and Its Application for L-tert-Leucine Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) has emerged as the most promising biocatalyst for L-tert-leucine (L-Tle) production via asymmetric reduction in trimethylpyruvate (TMP). In this study, a new LeuDH named PbLeuDH from marine Pseudomonas balearica was heterologously over-expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by purification and characterization. PbLeuDH possessed a broad substrate scope, displaying activities toward numerous L-amino acids and α-keto acids. Notably, compared with those reported LeuDHs, PbLeuDH exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency for TMP with a Km value of 4.92 mM and a kcat/Km value of 24.49 s−1 mM−1. Subsequently, L-Tle efficient production was implemented from TMP by whole-cell biocatalysis using recombinant E. coli as a catalyst, which co-expressed PbLeuDH and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). Ultimately, using a fed-batch feeding strategy, 273 mM (35.8 g L−1) L-Tle was achieved with a 96.1% yield and 2.39 g L−1 h−1 productivity. In summary, our research provides a competitive biocatalyst for L-Tle green biosynthesis and lays a solid foundation for the realization of large-scale L-Tle industrial production.
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7
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Ohshima T, Tanaka M, Ohmori T. NADP +-dependent l-arginine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas velonii: Purification, characterization and application to an l-arginine assay. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106135. [PMID: 35760253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
l-Arginine dehydrogenase (L-ArgDH) is an amino acid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of l-arginine to the oxo analog in the presence of NAD(P)+. We here found the gene homolog of L-ArgDH in genome data of Pseudomonas veronii and succeeded in expression of P. veronii JCM11942 gene in E. coli. The gene product exhibited strong NADP + -dependent L-ArgDH activity. The enzyme was unstable, but markedly stabilized by the addition of 10% glycerol. The enzyme first purified to homogeneity consisted of a homodimeric protein with a molecular mass of about 65 kDa. The enzyme selectively catalyzed NADP+-dependent l-arginine oxidation with maximal activity at pH 9.5. The apparent Km values for l-arginine and NADP+ were 2.5 and 0.21 mM, respectively. The nucleotide sequence coding the enzyme gene was determined and the amino acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The simple colorimetric microassay for l-arginine using the enzyme was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan.
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan.
| | - Taketo Ohmori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan.
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8
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Mu X, Feng X, Wu T, Zhou F, Nie Y, Xu Y. Transamination-Like Reaction Catalyzed by Leucine Dehydrogenase for Efficient Co-Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and α-Keto Acids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237287. [PMID: 34885864 PMCID: PMC8658789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino acids and α-keto acids are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of several commercially valuable products in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a novel transamination-like reaction catalyzed by leucine dehydrogenase was successfully constructed for the efficient enzymatic co-synthesis of α-amino acids and α-keto acids. In this reaction mode, the α-keto acid substrate was reduced and the α-amino acid substrate was oxidized simultaneously by the enzyme, without the need for an additional coenzyme regeneration system. The thermodynamically unfavorable oxidation reaction was driven by the reduction reaction. The efficiency of the biocatalytic reaction was evaluated using 12 different substrate combinations, and a significant variation was observed in substrate conversion, which was subsequently explained by the differences in enzyme kinetics parameters. The reaction with the selected model substrates 2-oxobutanoic acid and L-leucine reached 90.3% conversion with a high total turnover number of 9.0 × 106 under the optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, complete conversion was achieved by adjusting the ratio of addition of the two substrates. The constructed reaction mode can be applied to other amino acid dehydrogenases in future studies to synthesize a wider range of valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Mu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Suqian Jiangnan University, Suqian 223800, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xian Feng
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tao Wu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.F.); (T.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.)
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9
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Meng X, Yang L, Liu Y, Wang H, Shen Y, Wei D. Identification and Rational Engineering of a High Substrate‐Tolerant Leucine Dehydrogenase Effective for the Synthesis of L‐
tert
‐Leucine. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering New World Institute of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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10
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Zhou F, Mu X, Nie Y, Xu Y. Enhanced catalytic efficiency and coenzyme affinity of leucine dehydrogenase by comprehensive screening strategy for L-tert-leucine synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3625-3634. [PMID: 33929595 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
L-tert-leucine (L-Tle) is widely used as vital chiral intermediate for pharmaceuticals and as chiral auxiliarie for organocatalysis. L-Tle is generally prepared via the asymmetric reduction of trimethylpyruvate (TMP) catalyzed by NAD+-dependent leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH). To improve the catalytic efficiency and coenzyme affinity of LeuDH from Bacillus cereus, mutation libraries constructed by error-prone PCR and iterative saturation mutation were screened by two kinds of high-throughput methods. Compared with the wild type, the affinity of the selected mutant E24V/E116V for TMP and NADH increased by 7.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively. And the kcat/Km of E24V/E116V on TMP was 5.4-fold higher than that of the wild type. A coupled reaction comprising LeuDH with glucose dehydrogenase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulted in substrate inhibition at high TMP concentrations (0.5 M), which was overcome by batch-feeding of the TMP substrate. The total turnover number and specific space-time conversion of 0.57 M substrate increased to 11,400 and 22.8 mmol·h-1·L-1·g-1, respectively. KEY POINTS: • The constructed new high-throughput screening strategy takes into account the two indicators of catalytic efficiency and coenzyme affinity. • A more efficient leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) mutant (E24V/E116V) was identified. • E24V/E116V has potential for the industrial synthesis of L-tert-leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian, 223814, China.
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian, 223814, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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11
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Chen J, Zhu R, Zhou J, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Efficient single whole-cell biotransformation for L-2-aminobutyric acid production through engineering of leucine dehydrogenase combined with expression regulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124665. [PMID: 33540211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) is widely used in the preparation of L-2-aminobutyric acid (L-2-ABA), however its wide application is limited by 2-ketobutyric acid (2-OBA) inhibition. Firstly, a novel high-throughput screening method of LDH was established, specific enzyme activity and 2-OBA tolerance of Lys72Ala mutant were 33.3% higher than those of the wild type. Subsequently, we constructed a single cell comprised of ivlA, EsldhK72A, fdh and optimized expression through fine-tuning RBS intensity, so that the yield of E. coli BL21/pET28a-R3ivlA-EsldhK72A-fdh was 2.6 times higher than that of the original strain. As a result, 150 g L-threonine was transformed to 121 g L-2-ABA in 5 L fermenter with 95% molar conversion rate, and a productivity of 5.04 g·L-1·h-1, which is the highest productivity of L-2-ABA currently reported by single-cell biotransformation. In summary, our research provided a green synthesis for L-2-ABA, which has potential for industrial production of drug precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Junping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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12
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Jia YY, Xie YL, Yang LL, Shi HL, Lu YF, Zhang SP, Tang CD, Yao LG, Kan YC. Expression of Novel L-Leucine Dehydrogenase and High-Level Production of L-Tert-Leucine Catalyzed by Engineered Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:655522. [PMID: 33859982 PMCID: PMC8042219 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.655522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) is a NAD+-dependent oxidoreductase, which can selectively catalyze α-keto acids to obtain α-amino acids and their derivatives. It plays a key role in the biosynthesis of L-tert-leucine (L-Tle). As a non-naturally chiral amino acid, L-Tle can be used as an animal feed additive, nutrition fortifier, which is a perspective and important building block in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food additive industry. In this study, four hypothetical leucine dehydrogenases were discovered by using genome mining technology, using the highly active leucine dehydrogenase LsLeuDH as a probe. These four leucine dehydrogenases were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), respectively, and purified to homogeneity and characterized. Compared with the other enzymes, the specific activity of PfLeuDH also shows stronger advantage. In addition, the highly selective biosynthesis of L-Tle from trimethylpyruvic acid (TMP) was successfully carried out by whole-cell catalysis using engineered E. coli cells as biocatalyst, which can efficiently coexpress leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. One hundred-millimolar TMP was catalyzed for 25 h, and the yield and space-time yield of L-Tle reached 87.38% (e.e. >99.99%) and 10.90 g L–1 day–1. In short, this research has initially achieved the biosynthesis of L-Tle, laying a solid foundation for the realization of low-cost and large-scale biosynthesis of L-Tle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jia
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hong-Ling Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun-Feng Lu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Si-Pu Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun-Chao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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Alqarni MH, Foudah AI, Muharram MM, Budurian H, Labrou NE. Probing the Role of the Conserved Arg174 in Formate Dehydrogenase by Chemical Modification and Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051222. [PMID: 33668802 PMCID: PMC7956174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive adenosine derivative, adenosine 5′-O-[S-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dioxobutyl)]-thiophosphate (AMPS-HDB), contains a dicarbonyl group linked to the purine nucleotide at a position equivalent to the pyrophosphate region of NAD+. AMPS-HDB was used as a chemical label towards Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH). AMPS-HDB reacts covalently with CbFDH, leading to complete inactivation of the enzyme activity. The inactivation kinetics of CbFDH fit the Kitz and Wilson model for time-dependent, irreversible inhibition (KD = 0.66 ± 0.15 mM, first order maximum rate constant k3 = 0.198 ± 0.06 min−1). NAD+ and NADH protects CbFDH from inactivation by AMPS-HDB, showing the specificity of the reaction. Molecular modelling studies revealed Arg174 as a candidate residue able to be modified by the dicarbonyl group of AMPS-HDB. Arg174 is a strictly conserved residue among FDHs and is located at the Rossmann fold, the common mononucleotide-binding motif of dehydrogenases. Arg174 was replaced by Asn, using site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant enzyme CbFDHArg174Asn was showed to be resistant to inactivation by AMPS-HDB, confirming that the guanidinium group of Arg174 is the target for AMPS-HDB. The CbFDHArg174Asn mutant enzyme exhibited substantial reduced affinity for NAD+ and lower thermostability. The results of the study underline the pivotal and multifunctional role of Arg174 in catalysis, coenzyme binding and structural stability of CbFDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.A.); (N.E.L.)
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Magdy Mohamed Muharram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Haritium Budurian
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.H.A.); (N.E.L.)
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Liao L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Zhang A, Qiu R, Yang S, Fang B. Construction and characterization of a novel glucose dehydrogenase-leucine dehydrogenase fusion enzyme for the biosynthesis of L-tert-leucine. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33407464 PMCID: PMC7788806 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biosynthesis of l-tert-leucine (l-tle), a significant pharmaceutical intermediate, by a cofactor regeneration system friendly and efficiently is a worthful goal all the time. The cofactor regeneration system of leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) has showed great coupling catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of l-tle, however the multi-enzyme complex of GDH and LeuDH has never been constructed successfully. Results In this work, a novel fusion enzyme (GDH–R3–LeuDH) for the efficient biosynthesis of l-tle was constructed by the fusion of LeuDH and GDH mediated with a rigid peptide linker. Compared with the free enzymes, both the environmental tolerance and thermal stability of GDH–R3–LeuDH had a great improved since the fusion structure. The fusion structure also accelerated the cofactor regeneration rate and maintained the enzyme activity, so the productivity and yield of l-tle by GDH–R3–LeuDH was all enhanced by twofold. Finally, the space–time yield of l-tle catalyzing by GDH–R3–LeuDH whole cells could achieve 2136 g/L/day in a 200 mL scale system under the optimal catalysis conditions (pH 9.0, 30 °C, 0.4 mM of NAD+ and 500 mM of a substrate including trimethylpyruvic acid and glucose). Conclusions It is the first report about the fusion of GDH and LeuDH as the multi-enzyme complex to synthesize l-tle and reach the highest space–time yield up to now. These results demonstrated the great potential of the GDH–R3–LeuDH fusion enzyme for the efficient biosynthesis of l-tle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langxing Liao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousi Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruodian Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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