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Pang Y, Duan L, Song B, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang T. A Review of Fucoxanthin Biomanufacturing from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8. [PMID: 38884655 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Pang
- Weihai Vocational College, Weihai, 264200, China.
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China.
| | - LiQin Duan
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Song
- Weihai Ocean Development Research Institute, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - YuLin Cui
- Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - XiaoYong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China
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Truong TQ, Park YJ, Winarto J, Huynh PK, Moon J, Choi YB, Song DG, Koo SY, Kim SM. Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:93. [PMID: 38393064 PMCID: PMC10889934 DOI: 10.3390/md22020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, P. tricornutum was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.882 mM sodium nitrate), limited (LN, 0.22 mM), and high (HN, 8.82 mM) initial nitrogen concentrations in f/2 medium. Microalgal growth and photosynthetic pigment production were examined, and day 5 samples were subjected to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. The result demonstrated that HN promoted FX productivity by extending the exponential growth phase for higher biomass and FX accumulation stage (P1), showing a continuous increase in FX accumulation on day 6. Augmented FX biosynthesis via the upregulation of carotenogenesis could be primarily attributed to enhanced FCP formation in the thylakoid membrane. Key proteins, such as LHC3/4, LHCF8, LHCF5, and LHCF10, and key genes, such as PtPSY, PtPDS, and PtVDE, were upregulated under nitrogen repletion. Finally, the combination of low light and HN prolonged the P1 stage to day 10, resulting in maximal FX productivity to 9.82 ± 0.56 mg/L/day, demonstrating an effective strategy for enhancing FX production in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
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Zhao H, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Feng Q, Ye Y, Zhang J, Han J, Zhou C, Xu J, Yan X, Li X. Mediator subunit MED8 interacts with heat shock transcription factor HSF3 to promote fucoxanthin synthesis in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1574-1591. [PMID: 38062856 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid that has substantial pharmaceutical value due to its anticancer, antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic properties, is biosynthesized from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) via a series of enzymatic reactions. However, our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms involved in fucoxanthin biosynthesis remains limited. Using reverse genetics, the med8 mutant was identified based on its phenotype of reduced fucoxanthin content, and the biological functions of MED8 in fucoxanthin synthesis were characterized using approaches such as gene expression, protein subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Gene-editing mutants of MED8 exhibited decreased fucoxanthin content as well as reduced expression levels of six key genes involved in fucoxanthin synthesis, namely DXS, PSY1, ZDS-like, CRTISO5, ZEP1, and ZEP3, when compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. Furthermore, we showed that MED8 interacts with HSF3, and genetic analysis revealed their shared involvement in the genetic pathway governing fucoxanthin synthesis. Additionally, HSF3 was required for MED8 association with the promoters of the six fucoxanthin synthesis genes. In conclusion, MED8 and HSF3 are involved in fucoxanthin synthesis by modulating the expression of the fucoxanthin synthesis genes. Our results increase the understanding of the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying fucoxanthin synthesis in the diatom P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qingkai Feng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuemei Ye
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jichang Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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4
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Seo S, Chang KS, Choi MS, Jin E. Overexpression of PtVDL1 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Increases Fucoxanthin Content under Red Light. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:198-206. [PMID: 37957112 PMCID: PMC10840463 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with significant biotechnological applications, including enhancing biomass, biofuel, and carotenoid production. Specifically, owing to the capacity of this organism to serve as a valuable source of essential raw materials for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, ongoing research is actively focused on enhancing its productivity. One of the genes involved in various stages of fucoxanthin (Fx) biosynthesis, violaxanthin de-epoxidase like 1 (VDL1), has recently been identified. To validate the intracellular function of this gene and boost Fx production through overexpression, we established and examined three transgenic P. tricornutum lines characterized by elevated P. tricortunum VDL1 ( PtVDL1) expression and evaluate their cell growth and Fx productivity. These transgenic lines exhibited substantially increased PtVDL1 mRNA and protein levels compared to the wild type (WT). Notably, the enzyme substrate violaxanthin was entirely depleted and could not be detected in the transformants, whereas it remained at constant levels in the WT. Interestingly, under standard white light conditions, Fx productivity in the transformants remained unchanged; however, but after 48 h of exposure to red light, it increased by up to 15%. These results indicate that PtVDL1-overexpressing P. tricornutum has industrial potential, particularly for enhancing Fx production under red light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbeom Seo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Chang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Korea Radio-Isotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Chen X, Wei D, Xing X. Breeding a novel chlorophyll-deficient mutant of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa for high-quality protein production by atmospheric room temperature plasma mutagenesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129907. [PMID: 37866765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel chlorophyll-deficient mutant of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa named A4-1 was generated by atmospheric room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Compared to the green wild type (WT) strain, the A4-1 mutant cultured in the dark displayed yellow colour with a 118-fold decrease of chlorophyll a and no detected chlorophyll b. Higher contents of protein (44.22 % DW), total amino acids (AAs, 34.84 % DW) and essential AAs (17.50 % DW) were also achieved, showing 31 %, 22 % and 30 % increases compared to the WT, respectively (p < 0.05). Metabolite profile analysis revealed that the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in the A4-1 mutant was probably inhibited in the dark, while more carbon skeletons might be utilized for de novo AAs synthesis. These results demonstrated that the A4-1 mutant not only has extremely low chlorophyll content, but also has higher protein content, making it a very promising candidate to produce microalgal protein for future foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Xinhui Xing
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Chini Zittelli G, Lauceri R, Faraloni C, Silva Benavides AM, Torzillo G. Valuable pigments from microalgae: phycobiliproteins, primary carotenoids, and fucoxanthin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1733-1789. [PMID: 37036620 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins, carotenoids and fucoxanthin are photosynthetic pigments extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria with great potential biotechnological applications, as healthy food colorants and cosmetics. Phycocyanin possesses a brilliant blue color, with fluorescent properties making it useful as a reagent for immunological essays. The most important source of phycocyanin is the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, however, recently, the Rhodophyta Galdieria sulphuraria has also been identified as such. The main obstacle to the commercialization of phycocyanin is represented by its chemical instability, strongly reducing its shelf-life. Moreover, the high level of purity needed for pharmaceutical applications requires several steps which increase both the production time and cost. Microalgae (Chlorella, Dunaliella, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus) produce several light harvesting carotenoids, and are able to manage with oxidative stress, due to their free radical scavenging properties, which makes them suitable for use as source of natural antioxidants. Many studies focused on the selection of the most promising strains producing valuable carotenoids and on their extraction and purification. Among carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, fucoxanthin is the most abundant, representing more than 10% of total carotenoids. Despite the abundance and diversity of fucoxanthin producing microalgae only a few species have been studied for commercial production, the most relevant being Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Due to its antioxidant activity, fucoxanthin can bring various potential benefits to the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we update the main results achieved in the production, extraction, purification, and commercialization of these important pigments, motivating the cultivation of microalgae as a source of natural pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lauceri
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, CNR, Sede Di Verbania, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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Song J, Zhao H, Zhang L, Li Z, Han J, Zhou C, Xu J, Li X, Yan X. The Heat Shock Transcription Factor PtHSF1 Mediates Triacylglycerol and Fucoxanthin Synthesis by Regulating the Expression of GPAT3 and DXS in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:622-636. [PMID: 36947404 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being important primary productive forces in marine ecosystems, diatoms are also rich in bioactive substances such as triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin. However, little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of these substances. In this study, we found that the heat shock transcription factor PtHSF1 positively regulated the synthesis of triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Overexpression of PtHSF1 could increase the contents of triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin and upregulate key enzyme genes involved in the triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin biosynthesis pathways. On the other hand, gene silencing of PtHSF1 reduced the contents of triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin and the expression of the key enzyme genes involved in the triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin biosynthesis pathways. Further biochemical analysis revealed that PtHSF1 upregulated glycerol-2-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) by directly binding to their promoters, while genetic analysis demonstrated that PtHSF1 acted upstream of GPAT3 and DXS to regulate triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin synthesis. Therefore, in addition to elucidating the regulation mechanisms underlying PtHSF1-mediated triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin synthesis, this study also provided a candidate target for metabolic engineering of triacylglycerol and fucoxanthin in P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Song
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hejing Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Linxin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jichang Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Smeriglio A, Lionti J, Ingegneri M, Burlando B, Cornara L, Grillo F, Mastracci L, Trombetta D. Xanthophyll-Rich Extract of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin as New Photoprotective Cosmeceutical Agent: Safety and Efficacy Assessment on In Vitro Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104190. [PMID: 37241930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional and health properties of algae make them perfect functional ingredients for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. In this study, the Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Phaeodactylaceae), a pleiomorphic diatom commonly found in marine ecosystems, was investigated. The in vitro culture conditions used favoured the fusiform morphotype, characterized by a high accumulation of neutral lipids, as detected by fluorescence microscopy after BODIPY staining. These data were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS analyses carried out on the ethanolic extract (PTE), which showed a high content of xanthophylls (98.99%), and in particular of fucoxanthin (Fx, 6.67 g/100 g PTE). The antioxidant activity (ORAC, FRAP, TEAC and β-carotene bleaching) and photostability of PTE and Fx against UVA and UVB rays were firstly evaluated by in vitro cell-free assays. After this, phototoxicity and photoprotective studies were carried out on in vitro reconstructed human epidermidis models. Results demonstrated that PTE (0.1% Fx) and 0.1% Fx, both photostable, significantly (p < 0.05) reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress markers (ROS, NO and IL-1α), as well as cytotoxicity and sunburn cells induced by UVA and UVB doses simulating the solar radiation, with an excellent safety profile. However, PTE proved to be more effective than Fx, suggesting its effective and safe use in broad-spectrum sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Joseph Lionti
- Archimede Ricerche Srl, Corso Italia 220, 18033 Camporosso, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Leon Battista Alberti, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Ingegneri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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9
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Liu Y, Wei D. Enhancing carbon dioxide fixation and co-production of protein and lutein in oleaginous Coccomyxa subellipsoidea by a stepwise light intensity and nutrients feeding strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128885. [PMID: 36925078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high-efficient CO2 fixation and co-production of protein and lutein, a stepwise light intensity and nutrients feeding strategy in two-phase cultivation was developed after optimization in one-phase culture of oleaginous C. subellipsoidea in this work. Results showed the incremental light intensity and CO2 feeding boosted biomass production in phase 1, then a decreased light intensity and CO2 feeding with nitrate addition enhanced protein and lutein synthesis in phase2. The highest biomass (9.40 g/L) and average CO2 fixation rate (1.4 g/L/d) were achieved with excellent content and productivity of protein (52.36% DW, 435.72 mg/L/d) and lutein (1.65 mg/g, 1.37 mg/L/d) with 40.27% of light-energy saved. While the highest contents of total amino acids (42.38% DW) and essential amino acids (17.65% DW) were obtained with an essential amino acid index (1.2) compared with FAO/WHO reference. This study provided a promising application scenario of oleaginous microalgae for carbon neutrality and multiple high-value compounds co-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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10
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Russo GL, Langellotti AL, Verardo V, Martín-García B, Oliviero M, Baselice M, Di Pierro P, Sorrentino A, Viscardi S, Marileo L, Sacchi R, Masi P. Bioconversion of Cheese Whey and Food By-Products by Phaeodactylum tricornutum into Fucoxanthin and n-3 Lc-PUFA through a Biorefinery Approach. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030190. [PMID: 36976239 PMCID: PMC10054534 DOI: 10.3390/md21030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of utilizing three food wastes: cheese whey (CW), beet molasses (BM), and corn steep liquor (CSL) as alternative nutrient sources for the cultivation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a promising source of polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the carotenoid fucoxanthin. The CW media tested did not significantly impact the growth rate of P. tricornutum; however, CW hydrolysate significantly enhances cell growth. BM in cultivation medium enhances biomass production and fucoxanthin yield. The optimization of the new food waste medium was conducted through the application of a response surface methodology (RSM) using hydrolyzed CW, BM, and CSL as factors. The results showed a significant positive impact of these factors (p < 0.005), with an optimized biomass yield of 2.35 g L-1 and a fucoxanthin yield of 3.64 mg L-1 using a medium composed of 33 mL L-1 of CW, 2.3 g L-1 of BM, and 2.24 g L-1 of CSL. The experimental results reported in this study showed that some food by-products from a biorefinery perspective could be utilized for the efficient production of fucoxanthin and other high-added-value products such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Russo
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Oliviero
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Baselice
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Construction and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Prospero Di Pierro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Unit of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Sorrentino
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Sharon Viscardi
- Biotechnology of Functional Foods Laboratory, Camino Sanquilco, Parcela 18, Padre Las Casas 4850827, La Araucanía, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780694, La Araucanía, Chile
| | - Luis Marileo
- Biotechnology of Functional Foods Laboratory, Camino Sanquilco, Parcela 18, Padre Las Casas 4850827, La Araucanía, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, La Araucanía, Chile
| | - Raffaele Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Unit of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Masi
- CAISIAL Center, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Unit of Food Science and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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11
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Combined application of exogenous phytohormones and blue light illumination to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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12
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Chen D, Li H, Chen J, Han Y, Zheng X, Xiao Y, Chen X, Chen T, Chen J, Chen Y, Xue T. Combined analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles provide insight into Fucoxanthin biosynthesis in Isochrysis galbana under green light. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1101681. [PMID: 36846787 PMCID: PMC9950639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Isochrysis galbana, as a potential accumulator of fucoxanthin, has become a valuable material to develop functional foods for humans. Our previous research revealed that green light effectively promotes the accumulation of fucoxanthin in I. galbana, but there is little research on chromatin accessibility in the process of transcriptional regulation. This study was conducted to reveal the mechanism of fucoxanthin biosynthesis in I. galbana under green light by analyzing promoter accessibility and gene expression profiles. Differentially accessible chromatin regions (DARs)-associated genes were enriched in carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein formation, including IgLHCA1, IgLHCA4, IgPDS, IgZ-ISO, IglcyB, IgZEP, and IgVDE. The motifs for the MYB family were also identified as candidates controlling metabolic regulation responses to green light culture of I. galbana, including IgMYB1, IgMYB2, IgMYB33, IgMYB42, IgMYB98, IgMYB118, and IgMYB119. The results of differential expression analysis and WGCNA showed that several genes or transcription factors (TFs) related to carotenoid metabolism and photosynthesis exhibited a higher expression level and were significantly upregulated in A-G5d compared with A-0d and A-W5d, including IgMYB98, IgLHCA1, IgLHCX2, IgLHCB4, and IgLHCB5. This suggests that upregulation of these genes by green light may be the key factor leading to fucoxanthin accumulation by regulating the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway. An integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq showed that 3 (IgphoA, IgPKN1, IgOTC) of 34 DARs-associated genes displayed obvious changes in their chromatin regions in ATAC-seq data, suggesting that these genes specific for green light may play a key role in fucoxanthin biosynthesis in I. galbana through a complex regulatory network of multiple metabolic pathways interacting with each other. These findings will facilitate in-depth understanding the molecular regulation mechanisms of fucoxanthin in I. galbana and its role in response to green light regulation, providing technical support for the construction of high fucoxanthin content strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuying Han
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuehai Zheng
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youqiang Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Center of Engineering Technology Research for Microalga Germplasm Improvement of Fujian, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Okara Waste as a Substrate for the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Enhances the Production of Algal Biomass, Fucoxanthin, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rich nutritional content of okara, the majority remains underutilized and discarded as food waste. In this study, solid-state fermentation of okara with food-grade fungi was performed to extract and solubilize any remnant nutrients locked within the lignocellulosic matrix to produce a nutrient-rich okara fermentate. Fermented okara media (FOM) was used as the sole nutrient source for growing marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Results have shown a two-fold increase in biomass production when grown on FOM (0.52 g L−1) as compared with conventional Guillard’s F/2 media (0.25 g L−1). Furthermore, cellular fucoxanthin content was enhanced significantly by two-fold to reach a final concentration of 15.3 mg g−1 compared to 7.3 mg g−1. Additionally, a significantly higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was produced, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which yield has increased by nearly three-fold. Metabolomics analysis of intracellular contents in fermented okara culture revealed a significantly enhanced accumulation of nitrogenous metabolites, alongside the decrease in sugar metabolites as compared to F/2 culture, thus indicating metabolic flux towards pathways involved in cellular growth. This study demonstrated an innovative and low-cost strategy of using fermented okara as a nutritious substrate for achieving a sustainable media replacement for high density algal growth with a simultaneous enhancement of production in highly valued nutraceuticals, including fucoxanthin and EPA.
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14
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Zhang Z, Han T, Sui J, Wang H. Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signal contributes to carotenoids biosynthesis in microalgae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1083387. [PMID: 36620041 PMCID: PMC9813510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as ideal cell factories for producing natural carotenoids which display favorable biological activities. As the most important abiotic factor, light not only provides energy for photosynthetic metabolism, but also regulates numerous biological processes. Blue light is the main wavelength of light that can travel through water. Previous studies have shown that blue light triggered carotenoid accumulation in several microalgae species, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Cryptochromes were blue-light-absorbing photoreceptors that have been found in all studied algal genomes. In this study, several different types of cryptochrome genes were cloned from Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Among them, cryptochrome genes HpCRY4 from H. pluvialis and PtCPF1 from P. tricornutum were upregulated under blue light treatment, in correlation with the increase of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin contents. Besides, heterologous expression and gene knockout was performed to verify the function of HpCRY4 and PtCPF1 in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae. These results indicate that carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae promoted by blue light was mediated by cryptochromes as photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Han
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Jikang Sui
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China,Shandong Energy Research Institute, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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15
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Jin H, Guo Y, Li Y, Chen B, Ma H, Wang H, Wang L, Yuan D. Effective fucoxanthin production in the flagellate alga Poterioochromonas malhamensis by coupling heterotrophic high-cell-density fermentation with illumination. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1074850. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1074850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular flagellate algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a potential fucoxanthin-rich resource for sustainable and cost-effective fucoxanthin production. Light and nutrients are critical regulators for the accumulation of fucoxanthin in P. malhamensis. In this study, the maximum fucoxanthin yield of 50.5 mg L−1 and productivity of 6.31 mg L−1 d−1 were achieved by coupling high-cell-density fermentation with illumination. It was found that the combined use of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) nutrition could improve the fucoxanthin yield as single inorganic or organic N had limitation to enhance cell growth and fucoxanthin accumulation. White light was the optimal light quality for fucoxanthin accumulation. Under white light and a moderate light intensity of 150 μmol m−2 s−1, the highest biomass concentration and fucoxanthin content reached 32.9 g L−1 and 1.56 mg g−1 of dry cell weight (DCW), respectively. This is the first study on effective fucoxanthin production in P. malhamensis by integrating illumination with high-cell-density fermentation, which paved the way for further development of P. malhamensis as a potential source for commercial fucoxanthin production.
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16
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Khaw YS, Yusoff FM, Tan HT, Noor Mazli NAI, Nazarudin MF, Shaharuddin NA, Omar AR, Takahashi K. Fucoxanthin Production of Microalgae under Different Culture Factors: A Systematic Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100592. [PMID: 36286416 PMCID: PMC9604996 DOI: 10.3390/md20100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is one of the light-harvesting pigments in brown microalgae, which is increasingly gaining attention due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Currently, the production of microalgal fucoxanthin is not yet feasible from an economic perspective. However, the cultivation of microalgae at favourable conditions holds great potential to increase the viability of this fucoxanthin source. Hence, this study aimed to review the fucoxanthin production of microalgae under different conditions systematically. A literature search was performed using the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases. A total of 188 articles were downloaded and 28 articles were selected for the current review by two independent authors. Microalgae appeared to be a more reliable fucoxanthin source compared to macroalgae. Overall, a consensus fucoxanthin production condition was obtained and proposed: light intensity ranging from 10 to 100 µmol/m2/s could achieve a higher fucoxanthin content. However, the optimal light condition in producing fucoxanthin is species-specific. The current review serves as an antecedent by offering insights into the fucoxanthin-producing microalgae response to different culture factors via a systematic analysis. With the current findings and recommendations, the feasibility of producing fucoxanthin commercially could be enhanced and possibly achieve practical and sustainable fucoxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Sim Khaw
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89408311
| | - Hui Teng Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazutaka Takahashi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Fierli D, Aranyos A, Barone ME, Parkes R, Touzet N. Influence of exogenous phytohormone supplementation on the pigment and fatty acid content of three marine diatoms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6195-6207. [PMID: 36040486 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous photosynthetic microorganisms with great potential for biotechnological applications. However, their commercialisation is hampered by production costs, requiring hence optimisation of cultivation methods. Phytohormones are plant growth regulators which may be used to influence physiological processes in microalgae, including diatoms. In this study, the model species Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Phaeodactylaceae) and two Irish isolates of Stauroneis sp. (Stauroneidaceae) and Nitzschia sp. (Bacillariaceae) were grown with varying amounts of the phytohormones indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), methyl jasmonate (MJ), abscisic acid (ABA) or salicylic acid (SA), and their influence on pigment and fatty acid profiles was monitored. The application of GA3 (200 mg/l) stimulated the growth of P. tricornutum which accumulated 52% more dry biomass compared to the control and concomitantly returned the highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) yield (0.6 mg/l). The highest fucoxanthin yield (0.18 mg/l) was obtained for P. tricornutum cultivated with GA3 (2 mg/l) supplementation. In Stauroneis sp., SA (1 mg/l) had the most positive effect on EPA, the content of which was enhanced up to 45.7 μg/mg (4.6% of total dry weight). The SA (1 mg/l) treatment also boosted carotenogenesis in Nitzschia sp., leading to 1.7- and 14-fold increases in fucoxanthin and β-carotene compared to the control, respectively. Of note, MJ (0.5 mg/l) increased the EPA content of all diatom species compared to their controls. These results indicate that phytohormone-based treatments can be used to alter the pigment and lipid content of microalgae, which tend to respond in dose- and species-specific manners to individual compounds.Key points• Response to phytohormones was investigated in diatoms from distinct families.• MJ (0.5 mg/l) caused an increase in EPA cellular content in all three diatoms.• Phytohormones mostly caused dose-dependent and species-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fierli
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Anita Aranyos
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Maria Elena Barone
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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18
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Nishshanka GKSH, Anthonio RADP, Nimarshana PHV, Ariyadasa TU, Chang JS. Marine microalgae as sustainable feedstock for multi-product biorefineries. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Potential for the Production of Carotenoids of Interest in the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080491. [PMID: 36005496 PMCID: PMC9409807 DOI: 10.3390/md20080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid xanthophyll pigments are receiving growing interest in various industrial fields due to their broad and diverse bioactive and health beneficial properties. Fucoxanthin (Fx) and the inter-convertible couple diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin (Ddx+Dtx) are acknowledged as some of the most promising xanthophylls; they are mainly synthesized by diatoms (Bacillariophyta). While temperate strains of diatoms have been widely investigated, recent years showed a growing interest in using polar strains, which are better adapted to the natural growth conditions of Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus in producing Fx and Ddx+Dtx by means of the manipulation of the growth light climate (daylength, light intensity and spectrum) and temperature. We further compared its best capacity to the strongest xanthophyll production levels reported for temperate counterparts grown under comparable conditions. In our hands, the best growing conditions for F. cylindrus were a semi-continuous growth at 7 °C and under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod of monochromatic blue light (445 nm) at a PUR of 11.7 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This allowed the highest Fx productivity of 43.80 µg L−1 day−1 and the highest Fx yield of 7.53 µg Wh−1, more than two times higher than under ‘white’ light. For Ddx+Dtx, the highest productivity (4.55 µg L−1 day−1) was reached under the same conditions of ‘white light’ and at 0 °C. Our results show that F. cylindrus, and potentially other polar diatom strains, are very well suited for Fx and Ddx+Dtx production under conditions of low temperature and light intensity, reaching similar productivity levels as model temperate counterparts such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The present work supports the possibility of using polar diatoms as an efficient cold and low light-adapted bioresource for xanthophyll pigments, especially usable in Nordic countries.
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20
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Rehmanji M, Nesamma AA, Khan NJ, Fatma T, Jutur PP. Media engineering in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum employing cost-effective substrates for sustainable production of high-value renewables. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100684. [PMID: 35666486 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine diatom, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and brown pigment, that is, fucoxanthin. These high-value renewables (HVRs) have a high commercial and nutritional relevance. In this study, our focus was to enhance the productivities of such renewables by employing media engineering strategy via., photoautotrophic (P1, P2, P3) and mixotrophic (M1, M2, M3, M4) modes of cultivation with varying substrate combinations of carbon (glycerol: 0.1 m) and nitrogen (urea: 441 mm and/or sodium nitrate: 882 mm). Our results demonstrate that mixotrophic [M4] condition supplemented with glycerol (0.1 m) and urea (441 mm) feed enhanced productivities (mg L-1 day-1 ) as follows: biomass (770.0), total proteins (36.0), total lipids (22.0), total carbohydrates (23.0) with fatty acid methyl esters (9.6), EPA (2.7), and fucoxanthin (1.1), respectively. The overall yield of EPA represents 28% of total fatty acids in the mixotrophic [M4] condition. In conclusion, our improved strategy of feeding urea to a glycerol-supplemented medium defines a new efficient biomass valorization paradigm with cost-effective substrates for the production of HVRs in oleaginous diatoms P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rehmanji
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Arumugam Nesamma
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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21
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Pocha CKR, Chia WY, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL. Current advances in recovery and biorefinery of fucoxanthin from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Chen J, Huang Y, Shu Y, Hu X, Wu D, Jiang H, Wang K, Liu W, Fu W. Recent Progress on Systems and Synthetic Biology of Diatoms for Improving Algal Productivity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908804. [PMID: 35646842 PMCID: PMC9136054 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have drawn much attention for their potential applications as a sustainable source for developing bioactive compounds, functional foods, feeds, and biofuels. Diatoms, as one major group of microalgae with high yields and strong adaptability to the environment, have shown advantages in developing photosynthetic cell factories to produce value-added compounds, including heterologous bioactive products. However, the commercialization of diatoms has encountered several obstacles that limit the potential mass production, such as the limitation of algal productivity and low photosynthetic efficiency. In recent years, systems and synthetic biology have dramatically improved the efficiency of diatom cell factories. In this review, we discussed first the genome sequencing and genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of diatoms. Then, approaches to optimizing photosynthetic efficiency are introduced with a focus on the enhancement of biomass productivity in diatoms. We also reviewed genome engineering technologies, including CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene-editing to produce bioactive compounds in diatoms. Finally, we summarized the recent progress on the diatom cell factory for producing heterologous compounds through genome engineering to introduce foreign genes into host diatoms. This review also pinpointed the bottlenecks in algal engineering development and provided critical insights into the future direction of algal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Chen
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexuan Shu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- *Correspondence: Weiqi Fu,
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23
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Patel AK, Albarico FPJB, Perumal PK, Vadrale AP, Nian CT, Chau HTB, Anwar C, Wani HMUD, Pal A, Saini R, Ha LH, Senthilkumar B, Tsang YS, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Algae as an emerging source of bioactive pigments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126910. [PMID: 35231601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algae have been identified as natural producer of bioactive commercial pigments. To perform photosynthesis, algae use pigments to harvest sunlight energy. The pigments found in algae are categorized in chlorophylls, phycobilins, and carotenoids. Popular carotenoids include astaxanthin, lutein,fucoxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and finds application as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoprophylactic, antitumor activities among others. Due to double-bonds in their structure, they exhibit broad health applications while protecting other molecules from oxidative stress induced by active radicals using various mechanisms. These carotenoids are synthesized by certain species as major products however they also present as byproducts in several species based on the pathway and genetic capability. Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis are ideal strains for commercial astaxanthin production. This review provides recent updates on microalgal pigment production, extraction, and purification processes to standardize and analyze for commercial production. Also, discussed the factors affecting its production, application, market potential, bottlenecks, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station (FaMaRS), Fisheries and Marine Sciences Department, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Pitchurajan Krishna Perumal
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Akash Pralhad Vadrale
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cherry T Nian
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Aquaculture Department, College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Philippines
| | - Ho Thi Bao Chau
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Choirul Anwar
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Henna Mohi Ud Din Wani
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anugunj Pal
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reetu Saini
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Le Hai Ha
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Balamurugan Senthilkumar
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Tsang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sciandra T, Forget MH, Bruyant F, Béguin M, Lacour T, Bowler C, Babin M. The possible fates of Fragilariopsis cylindrus (polar diatom) cells exposed to prolonged darkness. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:281-296. [PMID: 34989409 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
At high latitudes, the polar night poses a great challenge to photosynthetic organisms that must survive up to six months without light. Numerous studies have already shed light on the physiological changes involved in the acclimation of microalgae to prolonged darkness and subsequent re-illumination. However, these studies have never considered inter-individual variability because they have mainly been conducted with bulk measurements. On the other hand, such long periods are likely to impact within-population selection processes. In this study, we hypothesized that distinct subpopulations with specific traits may emerge during acclimation of a population of diatoms to darkness. We addressed this hypothesis using flow cytometry (FCM), which allow to individually characterize large numbers of cells. The ecologically dominant polar pennate diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus was subjected to three dark acclimation (DA) experiments of one, three, and five months duration, during which all cultures showed signs of recovery once light became available again. Our results suggest that darkness survival of F. cylindrus relies on reduction of metabolic activity and consumption of carbon reserves. In addition, FCM allowed us to record three different causes of death, each shared by significant numbers of individuals. The first rendered cells were unable to survive the stress caused by the return to light, probably due to a lack of sufficient photoprotective defenses. The other two were observed in two subpopulations of cells whose physiological state deviated from the original population. The data suggest that starvation and failure to maintain dormancy were the cause of cell mortality in these two subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Sciandra
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Forget
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavienne Bruyant
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Béguin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Lacour
- Ifremer, PBA, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, Nantes Cedex 03, 44311, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) & CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Sun H, Yang S, Zhao W, Kong Q, Zhu C, Fu X, Zhang F, Liu Z, Zhan Y, Mou H, He Y. Fucoxanthin from marine microalgae: A promising bioactive compound for industrial production and food application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7996-8012. [PMID: 35319314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin attracts increasing attentions due to its potential health benefits, which has been exploited in several food commodities. However, fucoxanthin available for industrial application is mainly derived from macroalgae, and is not yet sufficiently cost-effective compared with microalgae. This review focuses on the strategies to improve fucoxanthin productivity and approaches to reduce downstream costs in microalgal production. Here we comprehensively and critically discuss ways and methods to increase the cell growth rate and fucoxanthin content of marine microalgae, including strain screening, condition optimization, design of culture mode, metabolic and genetic engineering, and scale-up production of fucoxanthin. The approaches in downstream processes provide promising alternatives for fucoxanthin production from marine microalgae. Besides, this review summarizes fucoxanthin improvements in solubility and bioavailability by delivery system of emulsion, nanoparticle, and hydrogel, and discusses fucoxanthin metabolism with gut microbes. Fucoxanthin production from marine microalgae possesses numerous advantages in environmental sustainability and final profits to meet incremental global market demands of fucoxanthin. Strategies of adaptive evolution, multi-stage cultivation, and bioreactor improvements have tremendous potentials to improve economic viability of the production. Moreover, fucoxanthin is promising as the microbiota-targeted ingredient, and nanoparticles can protect fucoxanthin from external environmental factors for improving the solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Zhan
- Shandong Feed and Veterinary Drug Quality Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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26
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Pajot A, Hao Huynh G, Picot L, Marchal L, Nicolau E. Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040222. [PMID: 35447895 PMCID: PMC9027613 DOI: 10.3390/md20040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pajot
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gia Hao Huynh
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Laurent Picot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université La Rochelle, F-17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Luc Marchal
- Génie des Procédés Environnement (GEPEA), Université Nantes, F-44000 Saint Nazaire, France;
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
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Li Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang J, Wu T, Lu X, Chu Y, Chen F. Integrated metabolic tools reveal carbon alternative in Isochrysis zhangjiangensis for fucoxanthin improvement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126401. [PMID: 34822985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the regulation of photosystem and central carbon metabolism in cell growth and fucoxanthin accumulation of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis via transcriptome analysis, targeted metabolite measurements, and flux balance analysis. High light promoted biomass accumulation but dramatically decreased fucoxanthin productivity. It suppressed the active photosystem and reduced chlorophyll content, but improved metabolic flux of Calvin-Benson-Bassham and tricarboxylic acid cycle for massive biomass accumulation. The CO2 fixation was largely dependent on mitochondrial energy illustrated by the integrated metabolic tools. At a molecular level, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, acetyl-CoA, and pyruvate contents increased at exponential phase under high light, which tended to participate into fatty acid biosynthesis by the up-regulated ACCase. However, high light inhibited most genes involved in fucoxanthin biosynthesis and induced diadinoxanthin cycle to diatoxanthin form. Therefore, constant light at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 balancing biomass concentration and fucoxanthin content provided the highest fucoxanthin productivity at 3.06 mg L-1 d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School, Beijing 100020, China; Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Food Sustainabiome Lab, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yawen Chu
- Heze Zonghoo Jianyuan Biotech Co., Ltd, Heze 274000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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28
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Pajot A, Lavaud J, Carrier G, Garnier M, Saint-Jean B, Rabilloud N, Baroukh C, Bérard JB, Bernard O, Marchal L, Nicolau E. The Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c-Binding Protein in Tisochrysis lutea: Influence of Nitrogen and Light on Fucoxanthin and Chlorophyll a/c-Binding Protein Gene Expression and Fucoxanthin Synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830069. [PMID: 35251102 PMCID: PMC8891753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We observed differences in lhc classification in Chromista. We proposed a classification of the lhcf family with two groups specific to haptophytes, one specific to diatoms, and one specific to seaweeds. Identification and characterization of the Fucoxanthin and Chlorophyll a/c-binding Protein (FCP) of the haptophyte microalgae Tisochrysis lutea were performed by similarity analysis. The FCP family contains 52 lhc genes in T. lutea. FCP pigment binding site candidates were characterized on Lhcf protein monomers of T. lutea, which possesses at least nine chlorophylls and five fucoxanthin molecules, on average, per monomer. The expression of T. lutea lhc genes was assessed during turbidostat and chemostat experiments, one with constant light (CL) and changing nitrogen phases, the second with a 12 h:12 h sinusoidal photoperiod and changing nitrogen phases. RNA-seq analysis revealed a dynamic decrease in the expression of lhc genes with nitrogen depletion. We observed that T. lutea lhcx2 was only expressed at night, suggesting that its role is to protect \cells from return of light after prolonged darkness exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pajot
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- LEMAR-Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Gregory Carrier
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Garnier
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Saint-Jean
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Noémie Rabilloud
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Baroukh
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Côte d’Azur, Biocore, INRIA, CNRS, Sorbonne Université (LOV, UMR 7093), Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Elodie Nicolau
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory, Nantes, France
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29
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Optimal Nitrate Supplementation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Culture Medium Increases Biomass and Fucoxanthin Production. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040568. [PMID: 35206051 PMCID: PMC8871257 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with numerous potential applications in the industry, including the production of high-value carotenoid pigments such as fucoxanthin. This compound is a potent antioxidant currently extracted mainly from brown macroalgae. Fucoxanthin exhibits several biological properties with well-known beneficial effects in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. P. tricornutum offers a valuable alternative to macroalgae for fucoxanthin production as it has a specific productivity that is 10-fold higher as compared with macroalgae. However, production processes still need to be optimised to become a cost-effective alternative. In this work, we investigated the optimal supplementation of nitrate in a cultivation medium that is currently used for P. tricornutum and how this nitrate concentration affects cell growth and fucoxanthin production. It has previously been shown that the addition of sodium nitrate increases productivity, but optimal conditions were not accurately determined. In this report, we observed that the continuous increase in nitrate concentration did not lead to an increase in biomass and fucoxanthin content, but there was rather a window of optimal values of nitrate that led to maximum growth and pigment production. These results are discussed considering both the scale up for industrial production and the profitability of the process, as well as the implications in the cell’s metabolism and effects in fucoxanthin production.
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Wang ZP, Wang PK, Ma Y, Lin JX, Wang CL, Zhao YX, Zhang XY, Huang BC, Zhao SG, Gao L, Jiang J, Wang HY, Chen W. Laminaria japonica hydrolysate promotes fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126117. [PMID: 34653631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) has gained a growing attention due to the remarkable biological activities. The limited biomass of was the restrictive factor for Fx production in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In this study, Laminaria japonica hydrolysate (LPH) with a low addition proportion of 1.5 ml/L, was proved to promote fucoxanthin accumulation and cell growth simultaneously. Fx topped at 27.9 mg/L after 10-d cultivation in the LPH group, with a biomass of 1.59 g/L and a Fx content of 17.55 mg/g. Three key plant hormones in LPH were screened responsible for promoting fucoxanthin accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that genes related to Fx formation were generally up- regulated. The study demonstrated that LPH addition was a feasible and efficient strategy to enhance production of fucoxanthin, facilitating the scale-up production of Fx in autotrophic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Pei-Kang Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jia-Xue Lin
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Cheng-Long Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Bei-Chen Huang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Shou-Geng Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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31
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Zhang H, Gong P, Cai Q, Zhang C, Gao B. Maximizing fucoxanthin production in Odontella aurita by optimizing the ratio of red and blue light-emitting diodes in an auto-controlled internally illuminated photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126260. [PMID: 34728358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin has multiple beneficial effects on human health. However, an efficient cultivation strategy for hyper-production of microalgae-based fucoxanthin has been seldom achieved. Here, an auto-controlled photobioreactor (PBR) installed internal light-emitting diodes illumination with adjustable spectra ratio was firstly used to culture Odontella aurita. The results showed that red light (RL) was more suitable for cell growth and fucoxanthin accumulation than blue light (BL) and white light. The biomass and fucoxanthin production were further promoted by optimizing the ratios of RL and BL, with 8:2 giving the highest productivities of 570 and 9.41 mg L-1 d-1, respectively, which is the highest fucoxanthin productivity ever reported under photoautotrophic cultivation. Pilot-scale cultivation demonstrated its promising feasibility in commercial fucoxanthin production. Our study represents a pioneering work of harnessing the PBR with internal illumination for hyper-production of microalgae-based fucoxanthin, and provides feasible strategies for high-efficient production of other value-added products in related species/strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Pengyan Gong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Baoyan Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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A review on the progress, challenges and prospects in commercializing microalgal fucoxanthin. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107865. [PMID: 34763051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, the most abundant but nearly untapped carotenoid resource, is in the spotlight in the last decade from various perspectives due to a wide range of bioactivities and healthy benefits. The exploitation of fucoxanthin for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes encompasses enormous scientific and economic potentials. Traditional production of fucoxanthin from brown algae (macroalgae) is constrained by limited yield and prohibitively high cost. Microalgae, as the most diverse photoautotrophs, hold the promises as sustainable sources and ideal cell factories for commercial fucoxanthin production, owing to their rich fucoxanthin content and excellent biomass productivity. In this work, the recent progress in upstream (microalgae selection, optimization of culture conditions, trophic modes, cultivation strategies and biosynthesis pathway) as well as downstream processes (extraction) of fucoxanthin production has been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The major bottlenecks, such as screening of fucoxanthin-producers, conflict between biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation under high light condition, unclear steps in biosynthesis pathway and limited evaluation of outdoor scale-up cultivation and extraction, have been pinpointed. Most importantly, the applications of emerging and conventional techniques facilitating commercialization of microalgal fucoxanthin are highlighted. The reviewed and evaluated include breeding and high-throughput screening methods of elite strains; flashing light effect inducing concurrent biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation; fucoxanthin biosynthesis and the regulatory mechanisms associating with its accumulation elucidated with the development of genetic engineering and omics techniques; and photobioreactors, harvesting and extraction techniques suitable for scaling up fucoxanthin production. In conclusion, the prospects of microalgal fucoxanthin commercialization can be expected with the joint development of fundamental phycology and biotechnology.
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Co-production of fucoxanthin and lipid from Indonesian diatom and green algae growing on palm oil mill effluent under mixotrophic condition. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Villanova V, Spetea C. Mixotrophy in diatoms: Molecular mechanism and industrial potential. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:603-611. [PMID: 34076276 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are microalgae well known for their high variability and high primary productivity, being responsible for about 20% of the annual global carbon fixation. Moreover, they are interesting as potential feedstocks for the production of biofuels and high-value lipids and carotenoids. Diatoms exhibit trophic flexibility and, under certain conditions, they can grow mixotrophically by combing photosynthesis and respiration. So far, only a few species of diatoms have been tested for their mixotrophic metabolism; in some cases, they produced more biomass and with higher lipid content when grown under this condition. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is the most studied diatom species for its mixotrophic metabolism due to available genome sequence and molecular tools. However, studies in additional species are needed to better understand the conservation of this process in diatoms and its potential in industrial applications. Here, we describe the photosynthetic and respiratory pathways involved in mixotrophy and provide an overview of the trophic variability in diatoms. This review also highlights promising areas of industrial applications for diatoms when cultivated under mixotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Parkes R, Archer L, Gee DM, Smyth TJ, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Differential responses in EPA and fucoxanthin production by the marine diatom Stauroneis sp. under varying cultivation conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3197. [PMID: 34337902 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing drive toward better valorising raw biological materials in the context of the sustainability of bio-based industries and the circular economy. As such, microalgae hold the ability to biosynthesise valuable metabolites, which are sought after within the bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or nutrition sectors. Owing to their bioactivities, the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have fostered increasing interests in terms of sustainably refining them from natural sources, such as microalgae. Together with the suitability of individual species to industrial cultivation, a key challenge resides in optimizing the yields of these compounds within the microalgal biomass they are retrieved from. The marine diatom Stauroneis sp. LACW24 was batch cultivated into its stationary phase of growth prior to being subjected at high cell density (1 × 106 cells mL-1 ) to seven different regimes of light exposure in replenished medium and under nutritional limitation (silica and nitrate) for 12 days. The highest EPA proportions and yields were obtained under blue LED in f/2 medium (16.5% and 4.8 mg g-1 , respectively), double the values obtained under red LED illumination. The fucoxanthin yield was the highest when cells were subjected to blue LEDs (5.9 mg g-1 ), a fourfold increase compared to the nitrogen-limited treatment under white LEDs. These results indicate that a two-stage approach to the batch cultivation of this diatom can be used for enhancing the production of the high-value metabolites fucoxanthin and EPA post-stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Parkes
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Archer
- Algal Innovation Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Smyth
- School of Science, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gillespie
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Kanamoto A, Kato Y, Yoshida E, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Development of a Method for Fucoxanthin Production Using the Haptophyte Marine Microalga Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:331-341. [PMID: 33713238 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural pigment fucoxanthin has attracted global attention because of its superior antioxidant properties. The haptophyte marine microalgae Pavlova spp. are assumed to be promising industrial fucoxanthin producers as their lack of a cell wall could facilitate the commercialization of cultured cells as a whole food. This study screened promising Pavlova strains with high fucoxanthin content to develop an outdoor cultivation method for fucoxanthin production. Initial laboratory investigations of P. pinguis NBRC 102807, P. lutheri NBRC 102808, and Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 identified OPMS 30543 as having the highest fucoxanthin content. The culture conditions were optimized for OPMS 30543. Compared with f/2 and Walne's media, the use of Daigo's IMK medium led to the highest biomass production and highest fucoxanthin accumulation. The presence of seawater elements in Daigo's IMK medium was necessary for the growth of OPMS 30543. OPMS 30543 was then cultured outdoors using acrylic pipe photobioreactors, a plastic bag, an open tank, and a raceway pond. Acrylic pipe photobioreactors with small diameters enabled the highest biomass production. Using an acrylic pipe photobioreactor with 60-mm diameter, a fucoxanthin productivity of 4.88 mg/L/day was achieved in outdoor cultivation. Thus, this study demonstrated the usefulness of Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 for fucoxanthin production in outdoor cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kanamoto
- Graduate School of Innovation, Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- OP Bio Factory Co., Ltd., 5-8 Aza-Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2234, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Erina Yoshida
- Graduate School of Innovation, Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Innovation, Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Innovation, Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Sethi D, Butler TO, Shuhaili F, Vaidyanathan S. Diatoms for Carbon Sequestration and Bio-Based Manufacturing. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E217. [PMID: 32785088 PMCID: PMC7464044 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. Diatoms, a natural sink of atmospheric CO2, can be cultivated industrially in autotrophic and mixotrophic modes for the purpose of CO2 sequestration. In addition, the metabolic diversity exhibited by this group of photosynthetic organisms provides avenues to redirect the captured carbon into products of value. These include lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, and other valuable metabolites that can be produced in environmentally sustainable bio-manufacturing processes. To realize the potential of diatoms, expansion of our knowledge of carbon supply, CO2 uptake and fixation by these organisms, in conjunction with ways to enhance metabolic routing of the fixed carbon to products of value is required. In this review, current knowledge is explored, with an evaluation of the potential of diatoms for carbon capture and bio-based manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sethi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (F.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Thomas O. Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (F.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Faqih Shuhaili
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (F.S.); (S.V.)
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; (F.S.); (S.V.)
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