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Krasoń MZ, Paradowska A, Boncel S, Lejawa M, Fronczek M, Śliwka J, Nożyński J, Bogus P, Hrapkowicz T, Czamara K, Kaczor A, Radomski MW. Graphene Oxide Significantly Modifies Cardiac Parameters and Coronary Endothelial Reactivity in Healthy and Hypertensive Rat Hearts Ex Vivo. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28397-28411. [PMID: 38973833 PMCID: PMC11223131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Interactions of graphene oxide (GO) with an ex vivo rat heart and its coronary vessels have not been studied yet. Moreover, the conflicting data on the "structure-properties" relationships do not allow for biomedical applications of GO. Herein, we study the impact of GO on the ex vivo isolated rat heart, normotensive and hypertensive, under the working heart and the constant-pressure perfusion (Langendorff) regimes. Four structural GO variants of the following initial morphology were used: few-layer (below 10-layer) GO1, O < 49%; predominantly single-layer GO2, O = 41-50%; 15-20-layer GO3, O < 11%; and few-layer (below 10-layer) NH4 +-functionalized GO4, O < 44%, N = 3-6%. The aqueous GO dispersions, sonicated and stabilized with bovine serum albumin in Krebs-Henseleit-like solution-uniformized in terms of the particle size-were eventually size-monodisperse as revealed by dynamic light scattering. To study the cardiotoxicity mechanisms of GO, histopathology, Raman spectroscopy, analysis of cardiac parameters (coronary and aortic flows, heart rate, aortic pressure), and nitric oxide (NO-)-dependent coronary flow response to bradykinin (blood-vessel-vasodilator) were used. GO1 (10 mg/L) exerted no effects on cardiac function and preserved an increase in coronary flow in response to bradykinin. GO2 (10 mg/L) reduced coronary flow, aortic pressure in normotensive hearts, and coronary flow in hypertensive hearts, and intensified the response to bradykinin in normal hearts. GO3 (10 mg/L) reduced all parameters in hypertensive hearts and coronary response to bradykinin in normal hearts. At higher concentrations (normotensive hearts, 30 mg/L), the coronary response to bradykinin was blocked. GO4 (10 mg/L) reduced the coronary flow in normal hearts, while for hypertensive hearts, all parameters, except the coronary flow, were reduced and the coronary response to bradykinin was blocked. The results showed that a low number of GO layers and high O-content were safer for normal and hypertensive rat hearts. Hypertensive hearts deteriorated easier upon perfusion with low-O-content GOs. Our findings support the necessity of strict control over the GO structure during organ perfusion and indicate the urgent need for personalized medicine in biomedical applications of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Z. Krasoń
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Paradowska
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics (CONE), Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Lejawa
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Śliwka
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nożyński
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogus
- Silesian
Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hrapkowicz
- Department
of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology,
Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Medical
University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian
Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, M. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek W. Radomski
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon SKS7N 5E5, Canada
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Taylor A, Xu J, Rogozinski N, Fu H, Molina Cortez L, McMahan S, Perez K, Chang Y, Pan Z, Yang H, Liao J, Hong Y. Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Doped Elastic Biodegradable Polyurethane Fibers for Cardiomyocyte Maturation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3759-3774. [PMID: 38800901 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials offer promising solutions to enhance the maturity of cultured cardiomyocytes. While the conventional culture of cardiomyocytes on nonconductive materials leads to more immature characteristics, conductive microenvironments have the potential to support sarcomere development, gap junction formation, and beating of cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this study, we systematically investigated the behaviors of cardiomyocytes on aligned electrospun fibrous membranes composed of elastic and biodegradable polyurethane (PU) doped with varying concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Compared to PU and PU-4%rGO membranes, the PU-10%rGO membrane exhibited the highest conductivity, approaching levels close to those of native heart tissue. The PU-rGO membranes retained anisotropic viscoelastic behavior similar to that of the porcine left ventricle and a superior tensile strength. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) on the PU-rGO membranes displayed enhanced maturation with cell alignment and enhanced sarcomere structure and gap junction formation with PU-10%rGO having the most improved sarcomere structure and CX-43 presence. hiPSC-CMs on the PU-rGO membranes exhibited a uniform and synchronous beating pattern compared with that on PU membranes. Overall, PU-10%rGO exhibited the best performance for cardiomyocyte maturation. The conductive PU-rGO membranes provide a promising matrix for in vitro cardiomyocyte culture with promoted cell maturation/functionality and the potential for cardiac disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Jiazhu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nicholas Rogozinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Huikang Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Lia Molina Cortez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Sara McMahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Karla Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Graduate Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- Department of Graduate Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Krętowski R, Szynaka B, Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Cechowska-Pasko M. The Synergistic Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Proteasome Inhibitor in the Induction of Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5436. [PMID: 38791473 PMCID: PMC11121306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) are some of the most commonly used compounds in various biomedical applications. However, the mechanisms of rGO- and MG-132-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of rGO and MG-132 against ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that rGO, MG-132 or a mix (rGO + MG-132) induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Apart from that, we found that treatment with rGO and MG-132 or the mix increased apoptosis, necrosis and induction of caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity in both breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis and caspase activation were accompanied by changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with rGO. Additionally, in the analyzed cells, we observed the induction of oxidative stress, accompanied by increased apoptosis and cell necrosis. In conclusion, oxidative stress induces apoptosis in the tested cells. At the same time, both mitochondrial and receptor apoptosis pathways are activated. These studies provided new information on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in the ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Krętowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Szynaka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 20-819 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
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Liu BN, Gao XL, Piao Y. Mapping the intellectual structure and emerging trends for the application of nanomaterials in gastric cancer: A bibliometric study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2181-2199. [PMID: 38764848 PMCID: PMC11099444 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reviews have outlined the main nanomaterials used in relation to gastrointestinal tumors and described the basic properties of these materials. However, the research hotspots and trends in the application of nanomaterials in gastric cancer (GC) remain obscure. AIM To demonstrate the knowledge structure and evolutionary trends of research into the application of nanomaterials in GC. METHODS Publications related to the application of nanomaterials in GC were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for this systematic review and bibliometric study. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric and visualization analyses. RESULTS From 2000 to 2022, the application of nanomaterials in GC developed rapidly. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the related research topics were divided into three clusters: (1) The application of nanomaterials in GC treatment; (2) The application and toxicity of nanomaterials in GC diagnosis; and (3) The effects of nanomaterials on the biological behavior of GC cells. Complexes, silver nanoparticles, and green synthesis are the latest high-frequency keywords that represent promising future research directions. CONCLUSION The application of nanomaterials in GC diagnosis and treatment and the mechanisms of their effects on GC cells have been major themes in this field over the past 23 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Na Liu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Gao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China
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Keremidarska-Markova M, Sazdova I, Ilieva B, Mishonova M, Shkodrova M, Hristova-Panusheva K, Krasteva N, Chichova M. Comprehensive Assessment of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: Effects on Liver Enzymes and Cardiovascular System in Animal Models and Skeletal Muscle Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:188. [PMID: 38251152 PMCID: PMC10818754 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The growing interest in graphene oxide (GO) for different biomedical applications requires thoroughly examining its safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable data on how GO nanoparticles affect healthy cells and organs. In the current work, we adopted a comprehensive approach to assess the influence of GO and its polyethylene glycol-modified form (GO-PEG) under near-infrared (NIR) exposure on several biological aspects. We evaluated the contractility of isolated frog hearts, the activity of two rat liver enzymes-mitochondrial ATPase and diamine oxidase (DAO), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells following direct exposure to GO nanoparticles. The aim was to study the influence of GO nanoparticles at multiple levels-organ; cellular; and subcellular-to provide a broader understanding of their effects. Our data demonstrated that GO and GO-PEG negatively affect heart contractility in frogs, inducing stronger arrhythmic contractions. They increased ROS production in C2C12 myoblasts, whose effects diminished after NIR irradiation. Both nanoparticles in the rat liver significantly stimulated DAO activity, with amplification of this effect after NIR irradiation. GO did not uncouple intact rat liver mitochondria but caused a concentration-dependent decline in ATPase activity in freeze/thaw mitochondria. This multifaceted investigation provides crucial insights into GOs potential for diverse implications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Bilyana Ilieva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Mishonova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Shkodrova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Kamelia Hristova-Panusheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Mariela Chichova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
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Mehrotra S, Dey S, Sachdeva K, Mohanty S, Mandal BB. Recent advances in tailoring stimuli-responsive hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and allied applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10297-10331. [PMID: 37905467 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To recapitulate bio-physical properties and functional behaviour of native heart tissues, recent tissue engineering-based approaches are focused on developing smart/stimuli-responsive materials for interfacing cardiac cells. Overcoming the drawbacks of the traditionally used biomaterials, these smart materials portray outstanding mechanical and conductive properties while promoting cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix transduction cues in such excitable tissues. To date, a large number of stimuli-responsive materials have been employed for interfacing cardiac tissues alone or in combination with natural/synthetic materials for cardiac tissue engineering. However, their comprehensive classification and a comparative analysis of the role played by these materials in regulating cardiac cell behaviour and in vivo metabolism are much less discussed. In an attempt to cover the recent advances in fabricating stimuli-responsive biomaterials for engineering cardiac tissues, this review details the role of these materials in modulating cardiomyocyte behaviour, functionality and surrounding matrix properties. Furthermore, concerns and challenges regarding the clinical translation of these materials and the possibility of using such materials for the fabrication of bio-actuators and bioelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kunj Sachdeva
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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Kregielewski K, Fraczek W, Grodzik M. Graphene Oxide Enhanced Cisplatin Cytotoxic Effect in Glioblastoma and Cervical Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:6253. [PMID: 37687081 PMCID: PMC10489016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene. So far, GO has mostly been studied as a drug delivery method rather than a standalone drug for treating cancers like glioblastoma or cervical cancer. However, we propose a promising new approach-using GO as a sensitizer for cisplatin chemotherapy. Here, we analyze the effects of triple GO pretreatment, followed by cisplatin treatment, on cancerous cell lines U87 and HeLa, as well as the noncancerous cell line HS-5, through morphology analysis, viability assay, flow cytometry, and LDH release assay. The viability assay results showed that GO treatment made U87 and HeLa cells more responsive to cisplatin, leading to a significant reduction in cell viability to 40% and 72%, respectively, without affecting HS-5 cells viability, while the Annexin V/Propidium iodine assay showed that GO pretreatment did not cause a change in live cells in all three examined cell lines, while GO-pretreated HeLa cells treated with cisplatin showed significant decrease around two times compared to cells treated with cisplatin standalone. The U87 cell line showed a significant increase in LDH release, approximately 2.5 times higher than non-GO-pretreated cells. However, GO pretreatment did not result in LDH release in noncancerous HS-5 cells. It appears that this phenomenon underlays GO's ability to puncture the cell membrane of cancerous cells depending on its surface properties without harming noncancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kregielewski
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Fraczek
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Edrisi F, Baheiraei N, Razavi M, Roshanbinfar K, Imani R, Jalilinejad N. Potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7280-7299. [PMID: 37427687 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions to restore heart function after myocardial infarction, it can progress to heart failure due to the restricted inherent potential of adult cardiomyocytes to self-regenerate. Hence, the evolution of new therapeutic methods is critical. Nowadays, novel approaches in tissue engineering have assisted in restoring biological and physical specifications of the injured myocardium and, hence, cardiac function. The incorporation of a supporting matrix that could mechanically and electronically support the heart tissue and stimulate the cells to proliferate and regenerate will be advantageous. Electroconductive nanomaterials can facilitate intracellular communication and aid synchronous contraction via electroactive substrate creation, preventing the issue of arrhythmia in the heart. Among a wide range of electroconductive materials, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are promising for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) due to their outstanding features including high mechanical strength, angiogenesis, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, low cost, and scalable fabrication. In the present review, we discuss the effect of applying GBNs on angiogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation of implanted stem cells, their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and their role in improving the electrical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds for CTE. Also, we summarize the recent research that has applied GBNs in CTE. Finally, we present a concise discussion on the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Edrisi
- Modern Technologies in Engineering Group, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Negin Jalilinejad
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Sajeev V, Rane S, Ghosh D, Acharyya N, Roy Choudhury P, Mukherjee A, Roy Chowdhury D. Terahertz sensing of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets using sub-wavelength dipole cavities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12374. [PMID: 37524803 PMCID: PMC10390544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of extraordinary optoelectronic properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials are the subject of intense study in recent times. Hence, we investigate sub-wavelength dipole cavities (hole array) as a sensing platform for the detection of 2D reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The r-GO is obtained by reducing graphene oxide (GO) via Hummer's method. Its structural characteristics are verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. We also assessed the morphology and chemistry of r-GO nanosheets by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Further, we studied the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics of r-GO nanosheets hybridized dipole cavities using THz-TDS by varying the r-GO thickness on top of the dipole cavities, since these cavities are well known for sustaining strong SPRs. Based on these, we experimentally obtained a sensitivity of 12 GHz/µm for the porous r-GO film. Thus, a modification in SPR characteristics can be employed towards the identification and quantification of r-GO by suitably embedding it on an array of dipole cavities. Moreover, we have adopted a generic approach that can be expanded to sense other 2D materials like Boron Nitride (BN), phosphorene, MoS2, etc., leading to the development of novel THz nanophotonic sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Sajeev
- Ecole Centrale School of Engineering (ECSoE), Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India
| | - Shreeya Rane
- Ecole Centrale School of Engineering (ECSoE), Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India
| | - Debal Ghosh
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nityananda Acharyya
- Ecole Centrale School of Engineering (ECSoE), Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India
| | - Palash Roy Choudhury
- Ecole Centrale School of Engineering (ECSoE), Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Dibakar Roy Chowdhury
- Ecole Centrale School of Engineering (ECSoE), Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India.
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10
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Murugan R, Mukesh G, Haridevamuthu B, Priya PS, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Plausible antioxidant and anticonvulsant potential of brain targeted naringenin-conjugated graphene oxide nanoparticles. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-04343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Preparation of graphene-based nanocomposites with spinel ferrite nanoparticles: Their cytotoxic levels in different human cell lines and molecular docking studies. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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12
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Ravikumar V, Mijakovic I, Pandit S. Antimicrobial Activity of Graphene Oxide Contributes to Alteration of Key Stress-Related and Membrane Bound Proteins. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6707-6721. [PMID: 36597432 PMCID: PMC9805717 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s387590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively studied, wherein penetration of the bacterial cell membrane and oxidative stress are considered to play a major role in the bactericidal activity of GO. However, the specific mechanism responsible for the antibacterial activity of GO remains largely unknown. Hence, the goal of this study was to explore the mode of action of GO, via an in-depth proteomic analysis of the targeted bacteria. Methods Staphylococcus aureus was grown in the presence of GO and samples were collected at different growth phases to examine the cell viability and to analyze the changes in protein expression. Antimicrobial efficiency of GO was tested by assessing bacterial viability, live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by GO treatment were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to examine the differentially regulated proteins in S. aureus after GO treatment. Results GO treatment was observed to reduce S. aureus viability, from 50 ± 17% after 4 h, to 93 ± 2% after 24 h. The live/dead staining confirmed this progressive antimicrobial effect of GO. SEM images revealed the wrapping of bacterial cells and their morphological disruption by means of pore formation due to GO insertion. GO treatment was observed to generate intracellular ROS, correlating to the loss of cell viability. The proteomics analysis revealed alteration in the expression of cell membrane, oxidative stress response, general stress response, and virulence-associated proteins in GO-treated bacterial cells. The time-dependent bactericidal activity of GO correlated with a higher number of differentially regulated proteins involved in the above.-mentioned processes. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that the time-dependent bactericidal effect of GO is attributed to its wrapping/trapping ability, ROS production and due to physical disruption of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Ravikumar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden,Correspondence: Santosh Pandit, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden, Tel +46 729484011, Fax +46 317723801, Email
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13
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Vimalanathan B, Vijaya JJ, Mary BCJ, Mary RN, Km M, Jayavel R, Abumousa RA, Bououdina M. The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:149. [PMID: 36616058 PMCID: PMC9823875 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells. The results revealed that GO and T-rGO were hazardous to cells in a dose-dependent trend. The viability of both A. fumigatus and A. flavus was affected by GO and T-rGO. The reactive oxygen species produced by T-rGO caused the death of A. flavus and A. fumigatus cells. This study highlighted the effectiveness of T-rGO as an antifungal agent. In addition, T-rGO was found to be more harmful to cancer cells than GO. Thus, T-rGO manifested great potential in biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Vimalanathan
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Judith Vijaya
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Carmel Jeeva Mary
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruby Nirmala Mary
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Km
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Jayavel
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rasha A. Abumousa
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Graphene Oxide Enhances Biogenesis and Release of Exosomes in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5697-5731. [PMID: 36466784 PMCID: PMC9717435 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s385113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, which are nanovesicles secreted by almost all the cells, mediate intercellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. We aimed to investigate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the biogenesis and release of exosomes in human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick and characterized by various analytical techniques. The expression levels of exosome markers were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Graphene oxide (10-50 μg/mL), cisplatin (2-10 μg/mL), and C6-ceramide (5-25 μM) inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that graphene oxide (GO), cisplatin (CIS), and C6-Ceramide (C6-Cer) stimulated acetylcholine esterase and neutral sphingomyelinase activity, total exosome protein concentration, and exosome counts associated with increased level of apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, GW4869 treatment inhibits biogenesis and release of exosomes. We observed that the human ovarian cancer cells secreted exosomes with typical cup-shaped morphology and surface protein biomarkers. The expression levels of TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 were significantly higher in GO-treated cells than in control cells. Further, cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly higher in exosomes isolated from GO-treated SKOV3 cells than in those isolated from control cells. SKOV3 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine or GW4869 displayed a significant reduction in GO-induced exosome biogenesis and release. Furthermore, endocytic inhibitors decrease exosome biogenesis and release by impairing endocytic pathways. CONCLUSION This study identifies GO as a potential tool for targeting the exosome pathway and stimulating exosome biogenesis and release. We believe that the knowledge acquired in this study can be potentially extended to other exosome-dominated pathologies and model systems. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can provide a promising means to enhance exosome production in SKOV3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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15
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Mikheev IV, Byvsheva SM, Sozarukova MM, Kottsov SY, Proskurnina EV, Proskurnin MA. High-Throughput Preparation of Uncontaminated Graphene-Oxide Aqueous Dispersions with Antioxidant Properties by Semi-Automated Diffusion Dialysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4159. [PMID: 36500782 PMCID: PMC9739863 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A semi-automated diffusion-dialysis purification procedure is proposed for the preparation of uncontaminated graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersions. The purification process is integrated with analytical-signal processing to control the purification degree online by several channels: oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, and absorbance. This approach reduces the amounts of reagents for chemical treatment during dialysis. The total transition metal (Mn and Ti) content was reduced to a sub-ppb level (assessed by slurry nebulization in inductively coupled plasma optical atomic emission spectroscopy). Purified aqueous GO samples possess good stability for about a year with a zeta-potential of ca. -40 mV and a lateral size of ca. sub-µm. Purified GO samples showed increased antioxidant properties (up to five times compared to initial samples according to chemiluminometry by superoxide-radical (O2-) generated in situ from xanthine and xanthine oxidase with the lucigenin probe) and significantly decreased peroxidase-like activity (assessed by the H2O2-L-012 system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Mikheev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sofiya M. Byvsheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Madina M. Sozarukova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117901, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Kottsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117901, Russia
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16
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Lafuente-Merchan M, Ruiz-Alonso S, García-Villén F, Zabala A, de Retana AMO, Gallego I, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. 3D Bioprinted Hydroxyapatite or Graphene Oxide Containing Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200236. [PMID: 35981208 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is usually damaged after big traumas, tumors, and increasing aging-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Current treatments are based on implanting grafts, which are shown to have several inconveniences. In this regard, tissue engineering through the 3D bioprinting technique has arisen to manufacture structures that would be a feasible therapeutic option for bone regenerative medicine. In this study, nanocellulose-alginate (NC-Alg)-based bioink is improved by adding two different inorganic components such as hydroxyapatite (HAP) and graphene oxide (GO). First, ink rheological properties and biocompatibility are evaluated as well as the influence of the sterilization process on them. Then, scaffolds are characterized. Finally, biological studies of embedded murine D1 mesenchymal stem cells engineered to secrete erythropoietin are performed. Results show that the addition of both HAP and GO prevents NC-Alg ink from viscosity lost in the sterilization process. However, GO is reduced due to short cycle autoclave sterilization, making it incompatible with this ink. In addition, HAP and GO have different influences on scaffold architecture and surface as well as in swelling capacity. Scaffolds mechanics, as well as cell viability and functionality, are promoted by both elements addition. Additionally, GO demonstrates an enhanced bone differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Alaitz Zabala
- Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, Mondragón, 20500, Spain
| | - Ana M Ochoa de Retana
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria, 01006, Spain
| | - Idoia Gallego
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Health Institute Carlos III., Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
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17
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Vimalanathan B, Vijaya JJ, Mary BCJ, Ignacimuthu S, Daniel M, Jayavel R, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. The Anticancer Efficacy of Thiourea-Mediated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets against Human Colon Cancer Cells (HT-29). J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030130. [PMID: 36135565 PMCID: PMC9502518 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research focuses on the fabrication of water-soluble, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) employing thiourea (T) using a simple cost-effective method, and subsequently examining its anticancer characteristics. The cytotoxicity caused by graphene oxide (GO) and T-rGO is investigated in detail. Biological results reveal a concentration-dependent toxicity of GO and T-rGO in human colon cancer cells HT-29. A decrease in cell viability alongside DNA fragmentation is observed. Flow cytometry analysis confirms the cytotoxic effects. The novelty in this work is the use of raw graphite powder, and oxidants such as KMNO4, NaNO3, and 98 percent H2SO4 to produce graphene oxide by a modified Hummers method. This study demonstrates a simple and affordable procedure for utilising thiourea to fabricate a water-soluble reduced graphene oxide, which will be useful in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Judith Vijaya
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
- Correspondence: (J.J.V.); (R.J.)
| | - B. Carmel Jeeva Mary
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | | | - Magesh Daniel
- Department of Zoology, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Ramasamy Jayavel
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
- Correspondence: (J.J.V.); (R.J.)
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 122001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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18
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Farmand M, Jahanpeyma F, Gholaminejad A, Azimzadeh M, Malaei F, Shoaie N. Carbon nanostructures: a comprehensive review of potential applications and toxic effects. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:159. [PMID: 35814038 PMCID: PMC9259781 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that nanotechnology has revolutionized our life since the 1970s when it was first introduced. Nanomaterials have helped us to improve the current products and services we use. Among the different types of nanomaterials, the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in every aspect of our lives has rapidly grown over recent decades. This review discusses recent advances of those applications in distinct categories, including medical, industrial, and environmental applications. The first main section introduces nanomaterials, especially carbon-based nanomaterials. In the first section, we discussed medical applications, including medical biosensors, drug and gene delivery, cell and tissue labeling and imaging, tissue engineering, and the fight against bacterial and fungal infections. The next section discusses industrial applications, including agriculture, plastic, electronic, energy, and food industries. In addition, the environmental applications, including detection of air and water pollutions and removal of environmental pollutants, were vastly reviewed in the last section. In the conclusion section, we discussed challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farmand
- Department of Biology, Tehran University, PO Box: 14155-6619, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanpeyma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alieh Gholaminejad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 73461-81746, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 89195-999, Yazd, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 89195-999, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 8916188635, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Shoaie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Voitko KV, Goshovska YV, Demianenko EM, Sementsov YI, Zhuravskyi SV, Mys LA, Korkach YP, Kolev H, Sagach VF. Graphene oxide nanoflackes prevent reperfussion injury of Langerdorff isolated rat heart providing antioxidative activity in situ. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:328-341. [PMID: 35769030 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2096450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials possess powerful antioxidant activity that might be promising for the development of new generation treatment of cardiovascular diseases, ischemic conditions, and reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to characterize the structure of nanosized graphene oxide (GrO) sample and evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of GrO in situ models of oxidative stress widely used in pre-clinical studies. The structure and surface chemistry of the initial samples were analyzed via LDS, RAMAN, LDI, TPD-MS, and FTIR methods. The GrO showed a strong ability to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radicals and have a total antioxidant capacity. The DFT quantum-chemical calculation demonstrated the radical scavenging effect of GrO proceeding due to the physical adsorption of the free radical on the surface. For evaluation of the antioxidant effect of GrO in situ, we used the model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of Langendorff isolated rat heart. We revealed that intravenous pretreatment of Wistar male rats with GrO significantly increased resistance of myocardium to I/R, improved restoration of heart function, prevented non-effective oxygen utilization, and I/R induced reactive oxygen species production in cardiac tissue. Thus, our data demonstrate the perspective of further use of GrO for the development of antiischemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna V Voitko
- Department of Physico-chemistry of Carbon Materials;Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine; 17 General Naumov Str.,Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Yulia V Goshovska
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NASof Ukraine, 4 Bogomolets str., 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eugeniy M Demianenko
- Department of Quantum Chemistry and Chemical Physics of Nanosystems;Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Str., Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Yury I Sementsov
- Department of Physico-chemistry of Carbon Materials;Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine; 17 General Naumov Str.,Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Zhuravskyi
- Department of Physico-chemistry of Carbon Materials;Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine; 17 General Naumov Str.,Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Lida A Mys
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NASof Ukraine, 4 Bogomolets str., 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yulia P Korkach
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NASof Ukraine, 4 Bogomolets str., 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hristo Kolev
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bldg 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vadym F Sagach
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NASof Ukraine, 4 Bogomolets str., 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
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20
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Shen J, Dong J, Shao F, Zhao J, Gong L, Wang H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Cai Y. Graphene oxide induces autophagy and apoptosis via ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:591-605. [PMID: 35394351 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the anticancer effects and action mechanism of graphene oxide (GO) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: Anticancer effects and mechanisms of GO in CRC were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Results: GO significantly inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. GO was able to enter HCT116 cells through endocytosis. GO treatment resulted in cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, autophagy and activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signal pathway. However, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated the above effects and restored the effects of GO on protein expressions related to apoptosis, autophagy and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signal pathways. Conclusion: GO exerts anticancer effects against CRC via ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway-related autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamen Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatian Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film & Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Electronics, Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film & Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Electronics, Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Madeo LF, Sarogni P, Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Voliani V, Curcio M, Shai-Hee T, Büchner B, Mertig M, Hampel S. Curcumin and Graphene Oxide Incorporated into Alginate Hydrogels as Versatile Devices for the Local Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1648. [PMID: 35268879 PMCID: PMC8911244 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of preparing hybrid hydrogels suitable for use as patches for the local treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-affected areas, curcumin (CUR) was loaded onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, which were then blended into an alginate hydrogel that was crosslinked by means of calcium ions. The homogeneous incorporation of GO within the polymer network, which was confirmed through morphological investigations, improved the stability of the hybrid system compared to blank hydrogels. The weight loss in the 100-170 °C temperature range was reduced from 30% to 20%, and the degradation of alginate chains shifted to higher temperatures. Moreover, GO enhanced the stability in water media by counteracting the de-crosslinking process of the polymer network. Cell viability assays showed that the loading of CUR (2.5% and 5% by weight) was able to reduce the intrinsic toxicity of GO towards healthy cells, while higher amounts were ineffective due to the antioxidant/prooxidant paradox. Interestingly, the CUR-loaded systems were found to possess a strong cytotoxic effect in SCC cancer cells, and the sustained CUR release (~50% after 96 h) allowed long-term anticancer efficiency to be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Francesco Madeo
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (P.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (O.V.); (T.S.-H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (P.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Tyler Shai-Hee
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (O.V.); (T.S.-H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.B.); (S.H.)
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
- Kurt-Schwabe-Institut für Mess- und Sensortechnik Meinsberg e.V., 04736 Waldheim, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.B.); (S.H.)
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22
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The Preliminary Study on the Proapoptotic Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212593. [PMID: 34830472 PMCID: PMC8620501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, however traditional therapies have several side effects. This has led to an urgent need to explore novel drug approaches to treatment strategies such as graphene-based nanomaterials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO). It was noticed as a potential drug due to its target selectivity, easy functionalisation, chemisensitisation, and high drug-loading capacity. rGO is widely used in many fields, including biological and biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the possible mechanisms of rGO toxicity remain unclear. In this paper, we present findings on the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of rGO and its ability to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines. We indicate that rGO induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cell lines, but not in T-47D, MCF-7, Hs 578T cell lines. In rGO-treated MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cell lines, we noticed increased induction of apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, rGO has been found to cause oxidative stress, reduce proliferation, and induce structural changes in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these studies provide new insight into the mechanism of oxidative stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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23
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Alves Z, Ferreira NM, Mendo S, Ferreira P, Nunes C. Design of Alginate-Based Bionanocomposites with Electrical Conductivity for Active Food Packaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189943. [PMID: 34576102 PMCID: PMC8466826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionanocomposite materials have been designed as a promising route to enhance biopolymer properties, especially for food packaging application. The present study reports the preparation of bionanocomposite films of alginate with different loadings of pure reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or of mixed zinc oxide-rGO (ZnO-rGO) fillers by solvent casting. Sepiolite is used to make compatible rGO with the hydrophilic matrix. The addition of fillers to alginate matrix maintains the low water solubility promoted by the calcium chloride treatment, and, additionally, they demonstrate a weaker mechanical properties, and a slight increase in water vapor permeability and wettability. Due to the properties of ZnO-rGO, the alginate bionanocomposites show an increase of electrical conductivity with the increase of filler content. While the highest electrical conductivity (0.1 S/m) is achieved by the in-plane measurement, it is in the through-plane measurement the remarkable enhancement of almost 30 times greater than the alginate film. With 50% of ZnO-rGO filler, the bionanocomposites present the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The combination of electrical conductivity with bioactive properties makes these films promising not only to extend food shelf-life but also to allow packaged food sterilization at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélia Alves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Ferreira
- Department of Physics, i3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Paula Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (C.N.); Tel.: +351-234-372581 (C.N.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (C.N.); Tel.: +351-234-372581 (C.N.)
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24
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Hamghavandi MR, Montazeri A, Ahmadi Daryakenari A, Pishvaei M. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings on Mg-2 wt% Zn scaffold by pulse electrodeposition process. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34416738 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac1f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mg and its alloys are biodegradable and mechanically strong materials, which can be used for an orthopedic implant and device applications, but corrosion rate of these alloys is high. In this research, the nanocomposite coatings of chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated to improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-2 wt% Zn scaffold. The contents of the GO nanosheets and the pulse electrodeposition process parameters, including peak current density (CD) and duty cycle (DC), will also be investigated. The Mg-2 wt% Zn as a substrate of the scaffold was prepared using a powder metallurgy process. The influence of the porosity was studied on the microstructure fabricated scaffolds. The coating microstructures and morphologies were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM. The atomic force microscopy was performed to study the thickness of the nanocomposite coatings. The zeta potential measurement was conducted for the dispersion of the GO nanosheets in the CS matrix. The obtained results showed that the optimum conditions to fabricate a uniform CS/GO coating on the scaffolds were 2 wt% GO, CD = 20 mA cm-2, and DC = 0.5. The pH, time and temperature for the fabrication of the coatings were conducted at 5, 20 min, and 37 °C, respectively. Additionally, the potentiodynamic polarization measurement in simulated body fluid indicated that the CS/GO coatings could provide effective protection of the scaffolds against corrosion. Additionally, the optimum sample obtained from the aspect of the corrosion behavior demonstrated adequate biocompatibility with proper adhesion of mouse fibroblast cells (L929) on the CS-2 wt% GO coating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Montazeri
- Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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25
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Vannozzi L, Catalano E, Telkhozhayeva M, Teblum E, Yarmolenko A, Avraham ES, Konar R, Nessim GD, Ricotti L. Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Coated with Glycol Chitosan, Propylene Glycol Alginate, and Polydopamine: Characterization and Cytotoxicity in Human Chondrocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2105. [PMID: 34443935 PMCID: PMC8399274 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively investigated for their interesting properties in many biomedical fields, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are still under investigation for improving their dispersibility in aqueous solutions and their safety in different cell types. This work explores the interaction of GO and rGO with different polymeric dispersants, such as glycol chitosan (GC), propylene glycol alginate (PGA), and polydopamine (PDA), and their effects on human chondrocytes. GO was synthesized using Hummer's method, followed by a sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) process, drying, and thermal reduction to obtain rGO. The flakes of GO and rGO exhibited an average lateral size of 8.8 ± 4.6 and 18.3 ± 8.5 µm, respectively. Their dispersibility and colloidal stability were investigated in the presence of the polymeric surfactants, resulting in an improvement in the suspension stability in terms of average size and polydispersity index over 1 h, in particular for PDA. Furthermore, cytotoxic effects induced by coated and uncoated GO and rGO on human chondrocytes at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) were assessed through LDH assay. Results showed a concentration-dependent response, and the presence of PGA contributed to statistically decreasing the difference in the LDH activity with respect to the control. These results open the way to a potentially safer use of these nanomaterials in the fields of cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Catalano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Madina Telkhozhayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Eti Teblum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Alina Yarmolenko
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Efrat Shawat Avraham
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Rajashree Konar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Gilbert Daniel Nessim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Comparison of the Toxicity of Pristine Graphene and Graphene Oxide, Using Four Biological Models. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154250. [PMID: 34361444 PMCID: PMC8348526 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous applications of graphene in biomedicine and they can be classified into several main areas: delivery systems, sensors, tissue engineering and biological agents. The growing biomedical field of applications of graphene and its derivates raises questions regarding their toxicity. We will demonstrate an analysis of the toxicity of two forms of graphene using four various biological models: zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, duckweed (Lemna minor), human HS-5 cells and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The toxicity of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) was tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µg/mL. Higher toxicity was noted after administration of high doses of PG and GO in all tested biological models. Hydrophilic GO shows greater toxicity to biological models living in the entire volume of the culture medium (zebrafish, duckweed, S. aureus). PG showed the highest toxicity to adherent cells growing on the bottom of the culture plates—human HS-5 cells. The differences in toxicity between the tested graphene materials result from their physicochemical properties and the model used. Dose-dependent toxicity has been demonstrated with both forms of graphene.
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