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Rihacek M, Kosaristanova L, Fialova T, Kuthanova M, Eichmeier A, Hakalova E, Cerny M, Berka M, Palkovicova J, Dolejska M, Svec P, Adam V, Zurek L, Cihalova K. Zinc effects on bacteria: insights from Escherichia coli by multi-omics approach. mSystems 2023; 8:e0073323. [PMID: 37905937 PMCID: PMC10734530 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00733-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A long-term exposure of bacteria to zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles leads to major alterations in bacterial morphology and physiology. These included biochemical and physiological processes promoting the emergence of strains with multi-drug resistance and virulence traits. After the removal of zinc pressure, bacterial phenotype reversed back to the original state; however, certain changes at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level remained. Why is this important? The extensive and intensive use of supplements in animal feed effects the intestinal microbiota of livestock and this may negatively impact the health of animals and people. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and monitor the impact of feed supplements on intestinal microorganisms in order to adequately assess and prevent potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rihacek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Kosaristanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tatiana Fialova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michaela Kuthanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ales Eichmeier
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eliska Hakalova
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Cerny
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Palkovicova
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristyna Cihalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Cutright AJ, Al Mohanna T, Matthews EL, Aulds JM, Thornton JA, Stokes SL, Emerson JP. Calorimetric analysis of AdcR and its interactions with zinc(II) and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112305. [PMID: 37441924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(II) ions play critical roles in all known life as structurally important stabilizing ions in proteins, catalytically active metals in enzymes, and signaling agents impacting physiological changes. To maintain homeostasis, the intracellular concentration of zinc(II) is strictly controlled by a family of metal-regulatory proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In S. pneumoniae, there are two proteins that share responsibility for Zn2+ homeostasis, one of them is the Adhesin Competence Repressor (AdcR) and it binds to a specific double-stranded DNA binding domain (dsDNA). AdcR has been structurally characterized containing two zinc(II) metal centers per monomeric unit. Here we report data collected from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments aimed to measure the structural stability of AdcR, the fully complimented Zn2AdcR complex, and the protein/DNA complex Zn2AdcR/dsDNA. Thermograms collected from DSC experiments yielded endothermic unfolding events for AdcR, Zn2AdcR, and Zn2AdcR/dsDNA complex at 55.6, 70.2, and 56.6 °C, respectively. A non-two state unfolding model best fits the data, giving ΔH terms associated with these thermal unfolding events of 5.1, 7.1, and 4.9 kcal/mol. These data allow for the development of a thermodynamic cycle connecting both zinc(II) and DNA binding to AdcR. Furthermore, pairing this newly reported data with known association constants for zinc(II) and DNA binding allowed for the generation of thermodynamic profiles for both zinc(II) binding to AdcR and Zn2AdcR binding to DNA, which show both are decisively entropy-driven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cutright
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Thualfeqar Al Mohanna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Erin L Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - James M Aulds
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Justin A Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Sean L Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Joseph P Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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3
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Ostermann L, Seeliger B, David S, Flasche C, Maus R, Reinboth MS, Christmann M, Neumann K, Brand K, Seltmann S, Bühling F, Paton JC, Roth J, Vogl T, Viemann D, Welte T, Maus UA. S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011493. [PMID: 37467233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8/A9 has important immunomodulatory roles in antibacterial defense, but its relevance in focal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is understudied. We show that S100A9 was significantly increased in BAL fluids of patients with bacterial but not viral pneumonia and correlated with procalcitonin and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Mice deficient in S100A9 exhibited drastically elevated Zn2+ levels in lungs, which led to bacterial outgrowth and significantly reduced survival. In addition, reduced survival of S100A9 KO mice was characterized by excessive release of neutrophil elastase, which resulted in degradation of opsonophagocytically important collectins surfactant proteins A and D. All of these features were attenuated in S. pneumoniae-challenged chimeric WT→S100A9 KO mice. Similarly, therapy of S. pneumoniae-infected S100A9 KO mice with a mutant S100A8/A9 protein showing increased half-life significantly decreased lung bacterial loads and lung injury. Collectively, S100A9 controls central antibacterial immune mechanisms of the lung with essential relevance to survival of pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S100A9 appears to be a promising biomarker to distinguish patients with bacterial from those with viral pneumonia. Trial registration: Clinical Trials register (DRKS00000620).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ostermann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Flasche
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marieke S Reinboth
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Bühling
- Labopart Medical Laboratories, Dresden and Chemnitz, Germany
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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Marukhlenko AV, Tumasov VN, Butusov LA, Shandryuk GA, Morozova MA. Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Differently Obtained Zn-Methionine Chelate with Proved Antibiofilm Properties (Part II). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020590. [PMID: 36839912 PMCID: PMC9959065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The previously demonstrated activity of aqueous solutions of methionine and zinc salts against biofilms of uropathogenic bacteria prompted us to investigate the structure and properties of zinc methionine complex obtained from such solutions. The paper presents the analysis results of zinc coordination complexes with methionine obtained by synthesis (0.034 mol of L-methionine, 0.034 mol of NaOH, 40 mL of H2O, 0.017 mol ZnSO4, 60 °C) and simple crystallization from water solution (25 mL of a solution containing 134 mmol/L L-methionine, 67 mmol/L ZnSO4, pH = 5.74, I = 0.37 mmol/L, crystallization at room temperature during more than two weeks). IR spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction showed the structural similarity of the substances to each other, in agreement with the data described in the literature. DSC confirmed the formation of a thermally stable (in the range from -30 °C to 180 °C) chelate compound in both cases and indicated the possible retention of the polymorphic two-dimensional structure inherent in L-methionine with the temperature of phase transition 320 K. The crystallized complex had better solubility in water (100 to 1000 mL per 1.0 g) contra the synthesized analog, which was practically insoluble (more than 10 000 mL per 1.0 g). The results of the solubility assessment, supplemented by the results of the dispersion analysis of solutions by the dynamic light scattering method indicated the formation of zinc-containing nanoparticles (80 nm) in a saturated water solution of a crystallized substance, suggesting the crystallized substance may have higher bioavailability. We predicted a possibility of the equivalent existence of optically active cis and trans isomers in methionine-zinc solutions by the close values of formation enthalpy (-655 kJ/mol and -657 kJ/mol for cis and trans forms, respectively) and also illustrated by the polarimetry measurement results (∆α = 0.4°, pH = 5.74, C(Met) = 134 mmol/L; the concentration of metal ion gradually increased from 0 to 134 mmol/L). The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the compound isolated from the solution is a zinc-methionine chelate with the presence of sulfate groups and underline the role of the synthesis route for the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the resulting substance. We provided some quality indicators that it may be possible to include in the pharmacopeia monographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Marukhlenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Tumasov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid A. Butusov
- Institute of Innovative Engineering Technologies, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Shandryuk
- Russian Academy of Sciences A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, 29/2, Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya A. Morozova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-(15)-4608318
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Gu K, Ding L, Wang Z, Sun Y, Sun X, Yang W, Sun H, Tian Y, Wang Z, Sun L. Wogonin attenuates the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae by double-target inhibition of Pneumolysin and Sortase A. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:563-575. [PMID: 36747468 PMCID: PMC9930429 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major causative agent of respiratory disease in patients and can cause respiratory distress and other symptoms in severe cases. Pneumolysin (PLY) is a pore-forming toxin that induces host tissue injury and inflammatory responses. Sortase A (SrtA), a catalytic enzyme that anchors surface-associated virulence factors, is critical for S. pneumoniae virulence. Here, we found that the active ingredient of the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, wogonin, simultaneously inhibited the haemolytic activity of PLY and SrtA activity. Consequently, wogonin decreased PLY-mediated cell damage and reduced SrtA-mediated biofilm formation by S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, our data indicated that wogonin did not affect PLY expression but directly altered its oligomerization, leading to reduced activity. Furthermore, the analysis of a mouse pneumonia model further revealed that wogonin reduced mortality in mice infected with S. pneumoniae laboratory strain D39 and S. pneumoniae clinical isolate E1, reduced the number of colony-forming units in infected mice and decreased the W/D ratio and levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the lungs of infected mice. Thus, wogonin reduces S. pneumoniae pathogenicity by inhibiting the dual targets PLY and SrtA, providing a treatment option for S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Gu
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Lizhong Ding
- Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese MedicineJilinChina
| | | | - Yingying Sun
- Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese MedicineJilinChina
| | - Xiaozhou Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Haihang Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Liping Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunChina,Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese MedicineJilinChina
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Qi P, Wang N, Zhang T, Feng Y, Zhou X, Zeng D, Meng J, Liu L, Jin L, Yang S. Anti-Virulence Strategy of Novel Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2897. [PMID: 36769220 PMCID: PMC9917773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-virulence strategies are attractive and interesting strategies for controlling bacterial diseases because virulence factors are fundamental to the infection process of numerous serious phytopathogenics. To extend the novel anti-virulence agents, a series of dehydroabietic acid (DAA) derivatives decorated with amino alcohol unit were semi-synthesized based on structural modification of the renewable natural DAA and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Compound 2b showed the most promising antibacterial activity against Xoo with an EC50 of 2.7 μg mL-1. Furthermore, compound 2b demonstrated remarkable control effectiveness against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, with values of 48.6% and 61.4% for curative and protective activities. In addition, antibacterial behavior suggested that compound 2b could suppress various virulence factors, including EPS, biofilm, swimming motility, and flagella. Therefore, the current study provided promising lead compounds for novel bactericides discovery by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Silva Lima Mendes DT, Leite Matos GR, Stwart de Araújo Souza SA, Souza Silva Macedo MC, Tavares DDS, Resende CX. Does the incorporation of zinc into TiO 2 on titanium surfaces increase bactericidal activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00328-6. [PMID: 36270807 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Infections associated with bacterial biofilm formation are an important cause of early implant failure. With the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the incorporation of zinc into TiO2 coatings of titanium implants has emerged to promote osseointegration and inhibit bacterial proliferation. However, a systematic assessment of its efficacy is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the bactericidal effect of zinc-modified TiO2 coatings on titanium or Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The review was structured based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and the peer review of electronic search strategies (PRESS) guidelines. The search was performed in Science Direct, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, including experimental in vitro studies that used titanium or Ti-6Al-4V as a control group and performed bacterial assays. Meta-analysis was performed by using the standardized mean differences of antibacterial effects. RESULTS A total of 2519 articles were collected after duplicate removal. Then, eligibility criteria and a manual search were applied to select 20 studies for qualitative analysis and 16 studies for statistical analysis. The risk of bias revealed low-quality evidence. The meta-analysis showed that zinc positively affected the bactericidal activity of TiO2 coatings (-8.79, CI95%=-11.01 to -6.57, P<.001), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=78%). Subgroup analysis with TiO2 nanotubes produced by anodization and ZnO nanoparticles by hydrothermal synthesis reduced heterogeneity to 43%, with the removal of outliers (I2=46%), with a favorable antibacterial effect for zinc incorporation into TiO2. CONCLUSIONS Bactericidal activity was identified for zinc incorporated into TiO2 coatings, making it an interesting option for titanium dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Thainan Silva Lima Mendes
- Postgraduate student, Post-graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gusttavo Reis Leite Matos
- Postgraduate student, Post-graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Débora Dos Santos Tavares
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Xavier Resende
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Akbari MS, Doran KS, Burcham LR. Metal Homeostasis in Pathogenic Streptococci. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081501. [PMID: 35893559 PMCID: PMC9331361 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus spp. are an important genus of Gram-positive bacteria, many of which are opportunistic pathogens that are capable of causing invasive disease in a wide range of populations. Metals, especially transition metal ions, are an essential nutrient for all organisms. Therefore, to survive across dynamic host environments, Streptococci have evolved complex systems to withstand metal stress and maintain metal homeostasis, especially during colonization and infection. There are many different types of transport systems that are used by bacteria to import or export metals that can be highly specific or promiscuous. Focusing on the most well studied transition metals of zinc, manganese, iron, nickel, and copper, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of metal homeostasis in pathogenic Streptococci, and their role in virulence.
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Jung D, Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Alnahhas E, Asraoui S. Bacteriophage-Liposomes Complex, a Bi-therapy System to Target Streptococcus pneumonia and Biofilm: A Research Protocol. UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH IN NATURAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (URNCST) JOURNAL 2021; 5:1-10. [DOI: 10.26685/urncst.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium, which is the leading cause of death for young children, elderly population, and immunocompromised patients. Its ability to mutate and become resistant to some of the strongest antibiotics makes them difficult to treat and increases the risk of disease spread. Although the development of stronger antibiotics to treat such microbes may be an option, they potentially pose a dangerous threat to the body. As such, a viable treatment option to fight against antimicrobial resistance has yet been found.
Methods: The study focuses on utilizing a bi-therapy system to target S. pneumoniae in biofilm, which is the site of emerging antibiotic resistant mutants, by creating levofloxacin-liposomes carrying phages and testing them both in vitro and in vivo.
Anticipated results: Using bacteriophage therapy and applying bacteriophage-antibiotic synergy, it is hoped to augment the potency of the treatment while lowering its side-effects. The Cp-1 bacteriophage-liposomes complexes are expected to be specific to the S. pneumoniae to carry antibiotics to sites of infection.
Discussion: The therapy could ensure targeted bacterial lysis and site-directed delivery of low-dose drugs to decrease the toxicity effect of the antibiotics. Once the efficacy is established and is proven to be significant, its potency can be tested in BALB/cByJ mice models before bringing this therapy to animal trials then human clinical trials.
Conclusion: Bacteriophages are very attractive therapeutic agents that effectively target pathogenic bacteria, safe for the human body, and highly modifiable to combat newly emerging bacterial threats. In addition to its many benefits, the use of bacteriophages could significantly reduce healthcare costs. The potential use of bacteriophages-liposomes complexes could be translated to treat respiratory infections in humans after confirming its efficacy in vitro and in vivo studies.
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10
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Chen Z, Qiu S, Yu Z, Li M, Ge S. Enhanced Secretions of Algal Cell-Adhesion Molecules and Metal Ion-Binding Exoproteins Promote Self-Flocculation of Chlorella sp. Cultivated in Municipal Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11916-11924. [PMID: 34424674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of self-flocculation remains unclear, partially impeding its efficiency enhancement and commercial application of microalgae-based municipal wastewater (MW) bioremediation technology. This study revealed the contributions of exoproteins [PN, proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)] to the separation of indigenous microalgae from treated MW. Compared to the low light intensity group, the high light intensity (HL) group produced Chlorella sp. with 4.3-fold higher self-flocculation efficiencies (SE). This was attributed to the enriched biological functions and positional rearrangement of increased PN within 2.9-fold higher EPS. Specifically, a total of 75 PN was over-expressed in the HL group among the 129 PN identified through label-free proteomics. The algal cell-adhesion molecules (Algal-CAMs) and metal-ion-binding PN were demonstrated as two dominant contributors promoting cell adhesion and bridging, through function prediction based on the contained domains. The modeled 3D structure showed that Algal-CAMs presented less hydrophilic α-helix abundance and were distributed in the outermost position of the EPS matrix, further facilitating microalgal separation. Moreover, the 10.1% lower hydrophily degree value, negative interfacial free energy (-19.5 mJ/m2), and 6.8-fold lower energy barrier between cells also supported the observed higher SE. This finding is expected to further fill the knowledge gap of the role of PN in microalgal self-flocculation and promote the development of biomass recovery from the microalgae-wastewater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Ghaemi F, Amiri A, Bajuri MY, Yuhana NY, Ferrara M. Role of different types of nanomaterials against diagnosis, prevention and therapy of COVID-19. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 72:103046. [PMID: 34055576 PMCID: PMC8146202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, a novel type of coronavirus emerged in China called SARS-COV-2, known COVID-19, threatens global health and possesses negative impact on people's quality of life, leading to an urgent need for its diagnosis and remedy. On the other hand, the presence of hazardous infectious waste led to the increase of the risk of transmitting the virus by individuals and by hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, in this review, we survey previous researches on nanomaterials that can be effective for guiding strategies to deal with the current COVID-19 pandemic and also decrease the hazardous infectious waste in the environment. We highlight the contribution of nanomaterials that possess potential to therapy, prevention, detect targeted virus proteins and also can be useful for large population screening, for the development of environmental sensors and filters. Besides, we investigate the possibilities of employing the nanomaterials in antiviral research and treatment development, examining the role of nanomaterials in antiviral- drug design, including the importance of nanomaterials in drug delivery and vaccination, and for the production of medical equipment. Nanomaterials-based technologies not only contribute to the ongoing SARS- CoV-2 research efforts but can also provide platforms and tools for the understanding, protection, detection and treatment of future viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohd Yazid Bajuri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Massimiliano Ferrara
- ICRIOS - The Invernizzi Centre for Research in Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Bocconi University, Department of Management and Technology Via Sarfatti, 25 20136, Milano (MI), Italy
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12
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Hall SC, Smith DR, Dyavar SR, Wyatt TA, Samuelson DR, Bailey KL, Knoell DL. Critical Role of Zinc Transporter (ZIP8) in Myeloid Innate Immune Cell Function and the Host Response against Bacterial Pneumonia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1357-1370. [PMID: 34380651 PMCID: PMC10575710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is required for proper immune function and host defense. Zn homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transporters that coordinate biological processes through Zn mobilization. Zn deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are at the front line of host defense against invading bacterial pathogens in the lung and play a critical role early on in shaping the immune response. Expression of the Zn transporter ZIP8 is rapidly induced following bacterial infection and regulates myeloid cell function in a Zn-dependent manner. To what extent ZIP8 is instrumental in myeloid cell function requires further study. Using a novel, myeloid-specific, Zip8 knockout model, we identified vital roles of ZIP8 in macrophage and DC function upon pneumococcal infection. Administration of S. pneumoniae into the lung resulted in increased inflammation, morbidity, and mortality in Zip8 knockout mice compared with wild-type counterparts. This was associated with increased numbers of myeloid cells, cytokine production, and cell death. In vitro analysis of macrophage and DC function revealed deficits in phagocytosis and increased cytokine production upon bacterial stimulation that was, in part, due to increased NF-κB signaling. Strikingly, alteration of myeloid cell function resulted in an imbalance of Th17/Th2 responses, which is potentially detrimental to host defense. These results (for the first time, to our knowledge) reveal a vital ZIP8- and Zn-mediated axis that alters the lung myeloid cell landscape and the host response against pneumococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette C Hall
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Deandra R Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Daren L Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
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13
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Burcham LR, Hill RA, Caulkins RC, Emerson JP, Nanduri B, Rosch JW, Fitzkee NC, Thornton JA. Streptococcus pneumoniae metal homeostasis alters cellular metabolism. Metallomics 2021; 12:1416-1427. [PMID: 32676626 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharyngeal mucosa and is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, and bacterial meningitis. Metal ion homeostasis is vital to the survival of this pathogen across diverse biological sites and contributes significantly to colonization and invasive disease. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis revealed an upregulation of an uncharacterized operon (SP1433-1438) in pneumococci subjected to metal-chelation by N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN). Supplementation of zinc, cobalt, and nickel following TPEN treatment significantly abrogated induction. BLASTP comparisons and protein topology analysis predicted this locus to encode components of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters involved in multidrug resistance (SP1434-1435) and energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters (SP1436-1438). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis identified differences in intracellular metal content in a Δ1434-8 mutant strain compared to parental T4R. Further, analysis of the secreted metabolome of WT and Δ1434-8 strains identified significant changes in pneumococcal glycolytic and amino acid metabolic pathways, indicating a shift towards mixed acid fermentation. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins in the Δ1434-8 mutant strain, with nearly 20% regulated by the global catabolite repressor, CcpA. Based on these findings, we propose that the transporters encoded by SP1433-1438 are involved in regulating the central metabolism of S. pneumoniae and contributing to bacterial survival during metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Burcham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - Rachel C Caulkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joseph P Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA
| | - Justin A Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, USA.
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14
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Hu Y, Park N, Seo KS, Park JY, Somarathne RP, Olivier AK, Fitzkee NC, Thornton JA. Pneumococcal surface adhesion A protein (PsaA) interacts with human Annexin A2 on airway epithelial cells. Virulence 2021; 12:1841-1854. [PMID: 34233589 PMCID: PMC8274441 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1947176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a normal colonizer of the human nasopharynx capable of causing serious invasive disease. Since colonization of the nasopharynx is a prerequisite for progression to invasive diseases, the development of future protein-based vaccines requires an understanding of the intimate interaction of bacterial adhesins with host receptors. In this study, we identified that pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), a highly conserved pneumococcal protein known to play an important role in colonization of pneumococcus, can interact with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) on Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Lentiviral expression of ANXA2 in HEK 293 T/17 cells, which normally express minimal ANXA2, significantly increased pneumococcal adhesion. Blocking of ANXA2 with recombinant PsaA negatively impacted pneumococcal adherence to ANXA2-transduced HEK cells. These results suggest that ANXA2 is an important host cellular receptor for pneumococcal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsung Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Nogi Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Joo Youn Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Radha P Somarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Justin A Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
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Hemoglobin Induces Early and Robust Biofilm Development in Streptococcus pneumoniae by a Pathway That Involves comC but Not the Cognate comDE Two-Component System. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00779-20. [PMID: 33397818 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00779-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae grows in biofilms during both asymptomatic colonization and infection. Pneumococcal biofilms on abiotic surfaces exhibit delayed growth and lower biomass and lack the structures seen on epithelial cells or during nasopharyngeal carriage. We show here that adding hemoglobin to the medium activated unusually early and vigorous biofilm growth in multiple S. pneumoniae serotypes grown in batch cultures on abiotic surfaces. Human blood (but not serum, heme, or iron) also stimulated biofilms, and the pore-forming pneumolysin, ply, was required for this induction. S. pneumoniae transitioning from planktonic into sessile growth in the presence of hemoglobin displayed an extensive transcriptome remodeling within 1 and 2 h. Differentially expressed genes included those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acid, and lipids. The switch into adherent states also influenced the expression of several regulatory systems, including the comCDE genes. Inactivation of comC resulted in 67% reduction in biofilm formation, while the deletion of comD or comE had limited or no effect, respectively. These observations suggest a novel route for CSP-1 signaling independent of the cognate ComDE two-component system. Biofilm induction and the associated transcriptome remodeling suggest hemoglobin serves as a signal for host colonization in pneumococcus.
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16
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Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Alekseenko SI, Svistunov AA, Petrakis D, Spandidos DA, Aaseth J, Tsatsakis A, Tinkov AA. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:17-26. [PMID: 32319538 PMCID: PMC7255455 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the emerging COVID‑19 pandemic caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, the search for potential protective and therapeutic antiviral strategies is of particular and urgent interest. Zinc is known to modulate antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulate inflammatory response. Despite the lack of clinical data, certain indications suggest that modulation of zinc status may be beneficial in COVID‑19. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Zn2+ possesses antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS‑CoV RNA polymerase. This effect may underlie therapeutic efficiency of chloroquine known to act as zinc ionophore. Indirect evidence also indicates that Zn2+ may decrease the activity of angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), known to be the receptor for SARS‑CoV‑2. Improved antiviral immunity by zinc may also occur through up‑regulation of interferon α production and increasing its antiviral activity. Zinc possesses anti‑inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF‑κB signaling and modulation of regulatory T‑cell functions that may limit the cytokine storm in COVID‑19. Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. Zinc status is also tightly associated with risk factors for severe COVID‑19 including ageing, immune deficiency, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, since these are known risk groups for zinc deficiency. Therefore, Zn may possess protective effect as preventive and adjuvant therapy of COVID‑19 through reducing inflammation, improvement of mucociliary clearance, prevention of ventilator‑induced lung injury, modulation of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. However, further clinical and experimental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga P. Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Viktor A. Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
| | - Svetlana I. Alekseenko
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg
- K.A. Rauhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191000 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jan Aaseth
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 3159894 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
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17
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Yadav MK, Go YY, Chae SW, Park MK, Song JJ. Asian Sand Dust Particles Increased Pneumococcal Biofilm Formation in vitro and Colonization in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells and Rat Middle Ear Mucosa. Front Genet 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32391052 PMCID: PMC7193691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollutants such as Asian sand dust (ASD) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are risk factors for otitis media (OM). In this study, we evaluate the role of ASD in pneumococcal in vitro biofilm growth and colonization on human middle ear epithelium cells (HMEECs) and rat middle ear using the rat OM model. METHODS S. pneumoniae D39 in vitro biofilm growth in the presence of ASD (50-300 μg/ml) was evaluated in metal ion-free BHI medium using CV-microplate assay, colony-forming unit (cfu) counts, resazurin staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal microscopy (CF). Biofilm gene expression analysis was performed using real-time RT-PCR. The effects of ASD or S. pneumoniae individually or on co-treatment on HMEECs were evaluated by detecting HMEEC viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In vivo colonization of S. pneumoniae in the presence of ASD was evaluated using the rat OM model, and RNA-Seq was used to evaluate the alterations in gene expression in rat middle ear mucosa. RESULTS S. pneumoniae biofilm growth was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the presence of ASD. SEM and CF analysis revealed thick and organized pneumococcal biofilms in the presence of ASD (300 μg/ml). However, in the absence of ASD, bacteria were unable to form organized biofilms, the cell size was smaller than normal, and long chain-like structures were formed. Biofilms grown in the presence of ASD showed elevated expression levels of genes involved in biofilm formation (luxS), competence (comA, comB, ciaR), and toxin production (lytA and ply). Prior exposure of HMEECs to ASD, followed by treatment for pneumococci, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, and ROS production. In vivo experiment results showed significantly (P < 0.05) more than 65% increased bacteria colonization in rat middle ear mucosa in the presence of ASD. The apoptosis, cell death, DNA repair, inflammation and immune response were differentially regulated in three treatments; however, number of genes expressed in co-treatments was higher than single treatment. In co-treatment, antimicrobial protein/peptide-related genes (S100A family, Np4, DEFB family, and RATNP-3B) and OM-related genes (CYLD, SMAD, FBXO11, and CD14) were down regulated, and inflammatory cytokines and interleukins, such as IL1β, and TNF-related gene expression were elevated. CONCLUSION ASD presence increased the generation of pneumococcal biofilms and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Institute for Medical Device Clinical Trials, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, India
| | - Yoon Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Urban Particles Elevated Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms, Colonization of the Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells, Mouse Nasopharynx and Transit to the Middle Ear and Lungs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5969. [PMID: 32249803 PMCID: PMC7136263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-pollutants containing toxic particulate matters (PM) deposit in the respiratory tract and increases microbial infections. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. This study evaluated the effect of urban particles (UP) on Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) in vitro biofilm formation, colonization of human middle ear epithelium cells (HMEECs) as well as mouse nasal cavity and its transition to the middle ear and lungs. The in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of S. pneumoniae were evaluated in metal ion free medium in the presence of UP. Biofilms were quantified by crystal violet (CV) microplate assay, colony forming unit (cfu) counts and resazurin staining. Biofilm structures were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). Gene expressions of biofilms were evaluated using real time RT-PCR. Effects of UP exposure on S. pneumoniae colonization to HMEECs were evaluated using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), cell viability was detected using the Ezcyto kit, apoptosis in HMEECs were evaluated using Annexin-V/PI based cytometry analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated using the Oxiselect kit. Alteration of HMEECs gene expressions on UP exposure or pneumococci colonization was evaluated using microarray. In vivo colonization of pneumococci in the presence of UP and transition to middle ear and lungs were evaluated using an intranasal mice colonization model. The UP exposure significantly increased (*p < 0.05) pneumococcal in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth. In the presence of UP, pneumococci formed organized biofilms with a matrix, while in absence of UP bacteria were unable to form biofilms. The luxS, ply, lytA, comA, comB and ciaR genes involved in bacterial pathogenesis, biofilm formation and quorum sensing were up-regulated in pneumococci biofilms grown in the presence of UP. The HMEECs viability was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and bacteria colonization was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in co-treatment (UP + S. pneumoniae) when compared to single treatment. Similarly, increased apoptosis and ROS production were detected in HMEECs treated with UP + pneumococci. The microarray analysis of HMEECs revealed that the genes involve in apoptosis and cell death, inflammation, and immune response, were up-regulated in co-treatment and were unchanged or expressed in less fold in single treatments of UP or S. pneumoniae. The in vivo study showed an increased pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx in the presence of UP and a higher transition of bacteria to the middle ear and lungs in the presence of UP. The UP exposure elevated S. pneumoniae in vitro biofilm and colonization of HMEECs, and in vivo mouse nasopharyngeal colonization, and increased dissemination to mouse middle ear and lungs.
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19
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Kurakado S, Chiba R, Sato C, Matsumoto Y, Sugita T. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, a zinc chelator, inhibits biofilm and hyphal formation in Trichosporon asahii. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:142. [PMID: 32156305 PMCID: PMC7063706 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Trichosporon asahii is the major causative fungus of disseminated or deep-seated trichosporonosis and forms a biofilm on medical devices. Biofilm formation leads to antifungal drug resistance, so biofilm-related infections are relatively difficult to treat and infected devices often require surgical removal. Therefore, prevention of biofilm formation is important in clinical settings. In this study, to identify metal cations that affect biofilm formation, we evaluated the effects of cation chelators on biofilm formation in T. asahii. Results We evaluated the effect of cation chelators on biofilm formation, since microorganisms must assimilate essential nutrients from their hosts to form and maintain biofilms. The inhibition by N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) was greater than those by other cation chelators, such as deferoxamine, triethylenetetramine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The inhibitory effect of TPEN was suppressed by the addition of zinc. TPEN also inhibited T. asahii hyphal formation, which is related to biofilm formation, and the inhibition was suppressed by the addition of zinc. These results suggest that zinc is essential for biofilm formation and hyphal formation. Thus, zinc chelators have the potential to be developed into a new treatment for biofilm-related infection caused by T. asahii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Kurakado
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Ryota Chiba
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Chisato Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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20
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Opening the OPK Assay Gatekeeper: Harnessing Multi-Modal Protection by Pneumococcal Vaccines. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040203. [PMID: 31652741 PMCID: PMC6963391 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal vaccine development is driven by the achievement of high activity in a single gatekeeper assay: the bacterial opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) assay. New evidence challenges the dogma that anti-capsular antibodies have only a single function that predicts success. The emerging concept of multi-modal protection presents an array of questions that are fundamental to adopting a new vaccine design process. If antibodies have hidden non-opsonic functions that are protective, should these be optimized for better vaccines? What would protein antigens add to protective activity? Are cellular immune functions additive to antibodies for success? Do different organs benefit from different modes of protection? Can vaccine activities beyond OPK protect the immunocompromised host? This commentary raises these issues at a time when capsule-only OPK assay-based vaccines are increasingly seen as a limiting strategy.
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21
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Sprio S, Preti L, Montesi M, Panseri S, Adamiano A, Vandini A, Pugno NM, Tampieri A. Surface Phenomena Enhancing the Antibacterial and Osteogenic Ability of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite, Activated by Multiple-Ion Doping. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5947-5959. [PMID: 33405685 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes a novel nanocrystalline, multidoped hydroxyapatite featuring excellent eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell selectivity, attested by excellent osteoinductive character and evaluated with human stem cells, and anti-infective ability, tested against different pathogens. Physicochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/scanning STEM observations highlighted that such enhanced biological features are related to the lower crystallinity level and increased surface charge of hydroxyapatite, both induced by multiple-ion doping. Specifically, the lattice substitution of Ca2+ with Zn2+ promotes the segregation of Ca2+ and doping Mg2+ cations to a less-ordered surface layer, thus promoting dynamic ion absorption/release acting as bioactive signals for cells and exerting an antiproliferative effect on all tested pathogens. These findings open the design of new biodevices, combining regenerative ability and effective microbial inhibition without using any antibiotic drugs. This is extremely important to circumvent bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which is today considered as one of the biggest threats to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Preti
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy.,Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Alberta Vandini
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.,Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza 48018, Italy
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Chen Z, Meng Y, Sheng B, Zhou Z, Jin C, Meng F. Linking Exoproteome Function and Structure to Anammox Biofilm Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1490-1500. [PMID: 30615829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular proteins are of paramount importance in the cell-cell interactions of anammox biofilms. However, the inherent aggregation mechanisms of anammox have largely remained elusive. Herein, using a quartz sand extraction protocol and follow-up iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, we identified 367 extracellular proteins from initial colonizers, mature biofilm, and detached biofilm. The extracellular proteins were mainly membrane-associated. Most of the recovered proteins (226, 72.5%) originated from the phylum Planctomycetes. In summary, 215 and 190 of the 367 proteins recovered were up- and/or downregulated at least 1.2-fold during the biofilm formation and detachment periods, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins were dominantly involved in metal ion binding, which was regarded as strong evidence for their abilities to enhance ionic bridges in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of the biofilms further showed substantial levels of calcium and iron minerals. Critically, representative Sec-dependent secretory proteins affiliated with coccoid Planctomycetes, rod-shaped Proteobacteria, and filamentous Chloroflexi (11, 4, and 2 with differential expression, respectively) were found to have typical and abundant inner β-sheet structures, wherein hydrophobic moieties can promote anammox aggregation. Overall, these findings highlight links between differentially expressed protein functions and morphologic traits of anammox consortia during biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Yabing Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Binbin Sheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Zhongbo Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
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