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Kale A, Shelke V, Habshi T, Dagar N, Gaikwad AB. ER stress modulated Klotho restoration: A prophylactic therapeutic strategy against acute kidney injury-diabetes comorbidity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166905. [PMID: 37793463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a renoprotective factor that is at the forefront of research as a potential therapeutic agent and biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Klotho downregulation are the critical hallmarks of AKI progression. Importantly, the crosstalk between ER and Klotho is still elusive in AKI under diabetic condition. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the affiliation between ER stress and Klotho regulation by using the ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (IRI) model based on male Wistar rats and the hypoxia-reperfusion injury (HRI) using NRK52E cells. Study outcomes demonstrated that the expression of AKI biomarkers: plasma creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney-injury molecule 1, and ER stress markers such as binding immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP), R/PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α), were observed during AKI. Increased ER stress was associated with apoptosis induction as depicted by increased levels of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-7 and decreased tubular Klotho expression. Under diabetic settings, ER stress and apoptosis were exacerbated by additional Klotho downregulation. Treatment with Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) inhibited the ER stress, apoptosis, restored endogenous Klotho levels and ameliorated AKI under diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. ER stress and Klotho appear to be shared factors involved in the pathogenesis of AKI-diabetes comorbidity and targeting them could prove a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vishwadeep Shelke
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Tahib Habshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Ozbek L, Mutlu A, Cejka D, Ciceri P, Cozzolino M, Haarhaus ML. Klotho: a potential therapeutic target in aging and neurodegeneration beyond chronic kidney disease-a comprehensive review from the ERA CKD-MBD working group. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad276. [PMID: 38213484 PMCID: PMC10783249 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a multifunctional protein, acts as a co-receptor in fibroblast growth factor 23 and exerts its impact through various molecular pathways, including Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 pathways. The physiological significance of Klotho is the regulation of vitamin D and phosphate metabolism as well as serving as a vital component in aging and neurodegeneration. The role of Klotho in aging and neurodegeneration in particular has gained considerable attention. In this narrative review we highlight several key insights into the molecular basis and physiological function of Klotho and synthesize current research on the role of Klotho in neurodegeneration and aging. Klotho deficiency was associated with cognitive impairment, reduced growth, diminished longevity and the development of age-related diseases in vivo. Serum Klotho levels showed a decline in individuals with advanced age and those affected by chronic kidney disease, establishing its potential diagnostic significance. Additionally, multiple medications have been demonstrated to influence Klotho levels. Therefore, this comprehensive review suggests that Klotho could open the door to novel interventions aimed at addressing the challenges of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Cejka
- Department of Medicine III – Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, Rheumatology, Geriatrics, Ordensklinikum Linz – Elisabethinen Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Loberg Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
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Rostamzadeh F, Moosavi-Saeed Y, Yeganeh-Hajahmadi M. Interaction of Klotho and sirtuins. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182:112306. [PMID: 37804921 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, we review the articles that have reported the interaction between Klotho and sirtuins. RECENT FINDINGS Sirtuins are a family of histone deacetylase enzymes that are considered to be the main regulators of biological processes. This family is one of the essential factors for postponing aging and increasing the life span of organisms. Sirtuins play a role in regulating the function of various cellular processes such as cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. It has also been shown that various diseases are related to these enzymes. Klotho is an anti-aging protein that exists as a membrane protein as well as a soluble circulating form. The membrane type of this protein acts as a co-receptor of the FGF endocrine family. It has been shown that the Klotho gene is related to age-related diseases, including osteoporosis, coronary artery, brain diseases, diabetes, etc. At the same time, it is difficult to separate the actions of Klotho and endocrine FGFs. Several studies have shown that Klotho and sirtuins interact with each other at different regulatory levels. However, it is necessary to carry out more in-vivo investigations to create new windows towards the treatment or prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Moosavi-Saeed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Yeganeh-Hajahmadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
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Yamada S, Nakano T. Role of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-Mineral and Bone Disorder (MBD) in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease in CKD. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:835-850. [PMID: 37258233 PMCID: PMC10406631 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Multiple factors account for the increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, including age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, are also risk factors for CKD. Non-traditional risk factors specific for CKD are also involved in CVD pathogenesis in patients with CKD. Recently, CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has emerged as a key player in CVD pathogenesis in the context of CKD. CKD-MBD manifests as hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in the later stages of CKD; however, it initially develops much earlier in disease course. The initial step in CKD-MBD involves decreased phosphate excretion in the urine, followed by increased circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increase urinary phosphate excretion. Simultaneously, the serum calcitriol concentration decreases as a result of FGF23 elevation. Importantly, FGF23 and PTH cause left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmia, and cardiovascular calcification. More recently, calciprotein particles, which are nanoparticles composed of calcium, phosphate, and fetuin-A, among other components, have been reported to cause inflammation, cardiovascular calcification, and other clinically relevant outcomes. CKD-MBD has become one of the critical therapeutic targets for the prevention of cardiovascular events and is another link between cardiology and nephrology. In this review, we describe the role of CKD-MBD in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders and present the current treatment strategies for CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Centers for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bloudeau L, Linglart A, Flammier S, Portefaix A, Bertholet-Thomas A, Eddiry S, Barosi A, Salles JP, Porquet-Bordes V, Rothenbuhler A, Roger C, Bacchetta J. X-linked hypophosphatemia, obesity and arterial hypertension: data from the XLH21 study. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:697-704. [PMID: 35758999 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms of obesity in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are not known. We aimed to evaluate whether FGF21, an endocrine FGF involved in the regulation of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, could be involved. METHODS We performed a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study comparing FGF23, Klotho, and FGF21 levels in teenagers with XLH compared to healthy controls (VITADOS cohort) after matching for age, gender, and puberty. Non-parametric tests were performed (results presented as median (min-max)). RESULTS A total of 40 XLH teenagers (n = 20 Standard Of Care, SOC, n = 20 burosumab) were included. While patients receiving burosumab displayed increased BMI as compared to patients receiving SOC, systolic blood pressure expressed as percentile was progressively and significantly lower when comparing the three groups: 77 (4-99) in SOC, 47 (9-98) in burosumab, and 28 (1-94) in controls (p = 0.007). When compared to patients receiving SOC, patients receiving burosumab displayed significantly increased phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D levels. We found increased Klotho levels in patients receiving burosumab. No differences were found for either carbohydrate-lipid biomarkers or FGF21 between the three groups. A total of 21 XLH patients (53%) had insulin resistance (HOMA > 2.4, N = 10 SOC, N = 11 burosumab). CONCLUSION FGF21 does not explain obesity/overweight in XLH. Of note, this study was performed in France in 2018-2019, early after the approval authorizing burosumab only in case of severe XLH despite SOC. As such, the data on systolic blood pressure highlighting a possible impact of burosumab to decrease blood pressure as well as increase Klotho levels deserve further studies given their potential effect on long-term cardiovascular risk. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bloudeau
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Filières Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID Et ERK-Net, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Endocrinologie Et Diabète de L'enfant, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, DMU SEA, INSERM U1185, Paris, 94270, France
| | - Sacha Flammier
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Filières Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID Et ERK-Net, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Aurélie Portefaix
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, EPICIME-CIC 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Aurélia Bertholet-Thomas
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Filières Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID Et ERK-Net, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Sanaa Eddiry
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31059, France
| | - Anna Barosi
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Endocrinologie Et Diabète de L'enfant, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, DMU SEA, INSERM U1185, Paris, 94270, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31059, France
| | - Valérie Porquet-Bordes
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31059, France
| | - Anya Rothenbuhler
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Filière de Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, Endocrinologie Et Diabète de L'enfant, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, DMU SEA, INSERM U1185, Paris, 94270, France
| | - Christelle Roger
- Service de Biochimie Et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, 69310, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, INSERM, UMR 1033, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rares du Calcium Et du Phosphate, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, Filières Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID Et ERK-Net, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, INSERM, UMR 1033, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, 69008, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France. .,Néphrologie, Rhumatologie Et Dermatologie Pédiatriques Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 boulevard Pinel, Bron Cedex, 69677, France.
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Klotho Ameliorates Vascular Calcification via Promoting Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7192507. [PMID: 36338347 PMCID: PMC9629936 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7192507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is regarded as a common feature of vascular aging. Klotho deficiency reportedly contributes to VC, which can be ameliorated by restoration of Klotho expression. However, the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the process of Klotho-inhibiting VC. The clinical study results indicated that, based on Agatston score, serum Klotho level was negatively associated with aortic calcification. Then, Klotho-deficient mice exhibited aortic VC, which could be alleviated with the supplementation of Klotho protein. Moreover, autophagy increased in the aorta of Klotho-deficient mice and protected against VC. Finally, we found that Klotho ameliorated calcification by promoting autophagy both in the aorta of Klotho-deficient mice and in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) under calcifying conditions. These findings indicate that Klotho deficiency induces increased autophagy to protect against VC and that Klotho expression further enhances autophagy to ameliorate calcification. This study is beneficial to exploring the underlying mechanisms of Klotho regulating VC, which has important guiding significance for future clinical studies in the treatment of VC.
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Su H, Gao D, Chen Y, Zuo Z. The Relationship Between Klotho and SIRT1 Expression in Renal Aging Related Disease. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7885-7893. [PMID: 36304672 PMCID: PMC9595124 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s384119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study focused on renal arteriosclerosis and aimed to explore the relationship between Klotho and SIRT1 by morphological staining, which will help to provide new ideas for the treatment of renal-aging-related diseases and a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs. Methods Kidney tissue samples were collected from patients who underwent nephrectomy. HK-2 cells were cultured. The Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson’s Trichrome staining, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, Immunofluorescence (ICC) and bioinformatics means were used for this study. Results HE staining showed that glomerulosclerosis was atrophic and cast was significantly increased luminal narrowing of renal arterioles in aging group. PAS staining showed that the number of podocytes was reduced, the mesangial matrix expansion and the intimal fibrosis of renal arterioles. Masson’s trichrome staining showed that there was massive collagen proliferation in the tubulointerstitial in aging group, as well as intimal thickening and fibrin deposition in the tubular walls of arterioles. IHC staining showed that the expression of Klotho and SIRT1 protein was downregulated in aging group and the trend of the two was positively correlated (P < 0.01). Klotho and SIRT1 co-localized in HK-2 cells and kidney tissue. The GEPIA database analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Klotho and SIRT1 in multiple human tissues and tumors. Conclusion Glomerulosclerosis in aging group is accompanied by low expression of Klotho and SIRT1 in renal tissue, and Klotho is positively correlated with SIRT1. Klotho-SIRT1 pathway may be involved in the occurrence and development of renal-aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China,Department of Pathology, Shenyang KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diansa Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhong Zuo, Email
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Soluble Klotho Level: The Value of Food Synergy in Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193910. [PMID: 36235560 PMCID: PMC9573612 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets for healthy aging have long been an intriguing issue. The current study makes a head-to-head comparison of four dietary patterns and their associations with soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) levels, an aging-related marker. The dietary data of 7906 subjects were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007−2016. Each participant was given a score or was grouped according to four dietary patterns, namely the Mediterranean adherence diet score (MDS), the low-carbohydrate-diet score, a low-fat diet, and a low-carbohydrate diet. Subsequently, the associations with s-Klotho were examined using linear regression analyses. In addition, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) for aging in different dietary patterns, taking the lowest quartile of s-Klotho as a reference for aging. The MDS was the only dietary pattern that revealed a relationship with s-Klotho levels. The positive association (β coefficient: 9.41, p < 0.001) remained significant when dividing the MDS into tertiles (Tertile 2: β coefficient: 36.87, p < 0.001; Tertile 3: β coefficient: 45.92, p < 0.001) and grouping participants into subsets by sex, age, and BMI. A lower OR for aging was observed in higher MDS groups (Tertile 2: OR = 0.86, p = 0.026; Tertile 3: OR = 0.77, p < 0.001). However, when analyzed separately, merely three out of nine components of the MDS, namely alcohol consumption (β coefficient: 42.54, p < 0.001), fruit (β coefficient: 11.59, p = 0.029), and dairy products (β coefficient: 8.55, p = 0.032), showed a significant association with s-Klotho. The Mediterranean diet adopts a food-based approach, which has the merit of valuing the complex interactions between foods and their constituents, and further brings benefits to healthy aging.
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Frankowska N, Lisowska K, Witkowski JM. Proteolysis dysfunction in the process of aging and age-related diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:927630. [PMID: 35958270 PMCID: PMC9361021 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.927630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss in detail the most relevant proteolytic systems that together with chaperones contribute to creating the proteostasis network that is kept in dynamic balance to maintain overall functionality of cellular proteomes. Data accumulated over decades demonstrate that the effectiveness of elements of the proteostasis network declines with age. In this scenario, failure to degrade misfolded or faulty proteins increases the risk of protein aggregation, chronic inflammation, and the development of age-related diseases. This is especially important in the context of aging-related modification of functions of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Prud’homme GJ, Kurt M, Wang Q. Pathobiology of the Klotho Antiaging Protein and Therapeutic Considerations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:931331. [PMID: 35903083 PMCID: PMC9314780 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.931331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (henceforth denoted Klotho) has antiaging properties, as first observed in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl). These mice have a shortened lifespan, stunted growth, renal disease, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, multi-organ atrophy and fibrosis. Overexpression of Klotho has opposite effects, extending lifespan. In humans, Klotho levels decline with age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions. Low Klotho levels correlate with an increase in the death rate from all causes. Klotho acts either as an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), or as a soluble pleiotropic endocrine hormone (s-Klotho). It is mainly produced in the kidneys, but also in the brain, pancreas and other tissues. On renal tubular-cell membranes, it associates with FGF receptors to bind FGF23. Produced in bones, FGF23 regulates renal excretion of phosphate (phosphaturic effect) and vitamin D metabolism. Lack of Klotho or FGF23 results in hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D. With age, human renal function often deteriorates, lowering Klotho levels. This appears to promote age-related pathology. Remarkably, Klotho inhibits four pathways that have been linked to aging in various ways: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt and NF-κB. These can induce cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immune dysfunction, fibrosis and neoplasia. Furthermore, Klotho increases cell-protective antioxidant enzymes through Nrf2 and FoxO. In accord, preclinical Klotho therapy ameliorated renal, cardiovascular, diabetes-related and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. s-Klotho protein injection was effective, but requires further investigation. Several drugs enhance circulating Klotho levels, and some cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially act in the brain. In clinical trials, increased Klotho was noted with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (losartan, valsartan), a statin (fluvastatin), mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus), vitamin D and pentoxifylline. In preclinical work, antidiabetic drugs (metformin, GLP-1-based, GABA, PPAR-γ agonists) also enhanced Klotho. Several traditional medicines and/or nutraceuticals increased Klotho in rodents, including astaxanthin, curcumin, ginseng, ligustilide and resveratrol. Notably, exercise and sport activity increased Klotho. This review addresses molecular, physiological and therapeutic aspects of Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gérald J. Prud’homme,
| | - Mervé Kurt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang F, Zheng J. Association between serum alpha-Klotho and severe abdominal aortic calcification among civilians in the United States. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1485-1492. [PMID: 35304049 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between serum α-Klotho, an anti-aging hormone, and severe AAC in United States (US) civilians, which was not documented before. METHODS AND RESULTS The data were obtained from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 2267 individuals aged 40-79 years. Serum α-Klotho concentration, categorized into four quartiles, was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AAC was quantified by the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between serum α-Klotho and severe AAC was determined by multivariable logistic regression models. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) of severe AAC for participants in serum α-Klotho quartiles 2-4 were 0.83 (0.52, 1.32), 0.56 (0.34, 0.94), and 0.54 (0.32, 0.92), respectively, compared with those in quartile 1 (P for trend = 0.007). The association between serum α-Klotho and severe AAC was stable in the different subgroups (all P for interaction>0.05). CONCLUSION In a sample of US adults, serum α-Klotho levels were negatively related to the risk of severe AAC. Our findings indicated that serum α-Klotho may become a promising tool to predict the incidence and prognosis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Gupta S, Moreno AJ, Wang D, Leon J, Chen C, Hahn O, Poon Y, Greenberg K, David N, Wyss-Coray T, Raftery D, Promislow DEL, Dubal DB. KL1 Domain of Longevity Factor Klotho Mimics the Metabolome of Cognitive Stimulation and Enhances Cognition in Young and Aging Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4016-4025. [PMID: 35428698 PMCID: PMC9097772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2458-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge-and engagement of the brain in stimulating tasks improves cognition in aged individuals (Wilson et al., 2002; Gates et al., 2011) and rodents (Aidil-Carvalho et al., 2017), through unknown mechanisms. Whether cognitive stimulation alters specific metabolic pathways in the brain is unknown. Understanding which metabolic processes are involved in cognitive stimulation is important because it could lead to pharmacologic intervention that promotes biological effects of a beneficial behavior, toward the goal of effective medical treatments for cognitive deficits. Here we show using male mice that cognitive stimulation induced metabolic remodeling of the mouse hippocampus, and that pharmacologic treatment with the longevity hormone α-klotho (KL), mediated by its KL1 domain, partially mimicked this alteration. The shared, metabolic signature shared between cognitive stimulation and treatment with KL or KL1 closely correlated with individual mouse cognitive performance, indicating a link between metabolite levels and learning and memory. Importantly, the treatment of mice with KL1, an endogenous circulating factor that more closely mimicked cognitive stimulation than KL, acutely increased synaptic plasticity, a substrate of cognition. KL1 also improved cognition, itself, in young mice and countered deficits in old mice. Our data show that treatments or interventions mimicking the hippocampal metabolome of cognitive stimulation can enhance brain functions. Further, we identify the specific domain by which klotho promotes brain functions, through KL1, a metabolic mimic of cognitive stimulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge without truly effective pharmacologic treatments. Engaging the brain through cognitive tasks benefits cognition. Mimicking the effects of such beneficial behaviors through pharmacological treatment represents a highly valuable medical approach to treating cognitive deficits. We demonstrate that brain engagement through cognitive stimulation induces metabolic remodeling of the hippocampus that was acutely recapitulated by the longevity factor klotho, mediated by its KL1 domain. Treatment with KL1, a close mimic of cognitive stimulation, enhanced cognition and countered cognitive aging. Our findings shed light on how cognition metabolically alters the brain and provide a plausible therapeutic intervention for mimicking these alterations that, in turn, improves cognition in the young and aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Arturo J Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Julio Leon
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101
| | - Yan Poon
- Unity Biotechnology, Inc, South San Francisco 94080
| | | | | | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5101
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California 94304-1207
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5235
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5235
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4714
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-7470
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1207
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14
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Fung TY, Iyaswamy A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Krishnamoorthi S, Guan XJ, Zhu Z, Su CF, Liu J, Kan Y, Zhang Y, Wong HLX, Li M. Klotho an Autophagy Stimulator as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030705. [PMID: 35327507 PMCID: PMC8945569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease; it is the most common cause of senile dementia. Klotho, a single-pass transmembrane protein primarily generated in the brain and kidney, is active in a variety of metabolic pathways involved in controlling neurodegeneration and ageing. Recently, many studies have found that the upregulation of Klotho can improve pathological cognitive deficits in an AD mice model and have demonstrated that Klotho plays a role in the induction of autophagy, a major contributing factor for AD. Despite the close association between Klotho and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, the underlying mechanism by which Klotho contributes to AD remains poorly understood. In this paper, we will introduce the expression, location and structure of Klotho and its biological functions. Specifically, this review is devoted to the correlation of Klotho protein and the AD phenotype, such as the effect of Klotho in upregulating the amyloid-beta clearance and in inducing autophagy for the clearance of toxic proteins, by regulating the autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP). In summary, the results of multiple studies point out that targeting Klotho would be a potential therapeutic strategy in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Yan Fung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Sravan G. Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Centre for Trans-Disciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518025, China;
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
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15
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Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
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16
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Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
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17
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Sen S, Hallee L, Lam CK. The Potential of Gamma Secretase as a Therapeutic Target for Cardiac Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121294. [PMID: 34945766 PMCID: PMC8703931 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are some of the most common and pressing threats to human health worldwide. The American Heart Association and the National Institute of Health jointly work to annually update data on cardiac diseases. In 2018, 126.9 million Americans were reported as having some form of cardiac disorder, with an estimated direct and indirect total cost of USD 363.4 billion. This necessitates developing therapeutic interventions for heart diseases to improve human life expectancy and economic relief. In this review, we look into gamma-secretase as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. Gamma-secretase, an aspartyl protease enzyme, is responsible for the cleavage and activation of a number of substrates that are relevant to normal cardiac development and function as found in mutation studies. Some of these substrates are involved in downstream signaling processes and crosstalk with pathways relevant to heart diseases. Most of the substrates and signaling events we explored were found to be potentially beneficial to maintain cardiac function in diseased conditions. This review presents an updated overview of the current knowledge on gamma-secretase processing of cardiac-relevant substrates and seeks to understand if the modulation of gamma-secretase activity would be beneficial to combat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoita Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Logan Hallee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-3165
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18
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Zhu Z, Ruan S, Jiang Y, Huang F, Xia W, Chen J, Cui Y, He C, Zeng F, Li Y, Chen Z, Chen H. α-Klotho released from HK-2 cells inhibits osteogenic differentiation of renal interstitial fibroblasts by inactivating the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7831-7849. [PMID: 34724098 PMCID: PMC11071709 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Randall's plaques (RP) are well established as precursor lesions of idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, and the process of biomineralization driven by osteogenic-like cells has been highlighted in RP formation, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Given the inhibitory role of α-Klotho (KL), an aging suppressor protein with high expression in kidneys, in ectopic calcification and the close association between KL gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis susceptibility, we determined the potential role of KL in RP formation. This study found that both soluble KL (s-KL) and transmembrane KL (m-KL) were downregulated, and that s-KL but not m-KL was inversely correlated with upregulation of osteogenic markers in RP tissues. Additionally, s-KL expression was markedly suppressed in human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) and slightly suppressed in HK-2 cells after osteogenic induction, intriguingly, which was echoed to the greater osteogenic capability of hRIFs than HK-2 cells. Further investigations showed the inhibitory effect of s-KL on hRIF osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, coculture with recombinant human KL (r-KL) or HK-2 cells suppressed osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs, and this effect was abolished by coculture with KL-silenced HK-2 cells or the β-catenin agonist SKL2001. Mechanistically, s-KL inactivated the Wnt-β-catenin pathway by directly binding to Wnt2 and upregulating SFRP1. Further investigations identified activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and downregulation of SFRP1 and DKK1 in RP tissues. In summary, this study identified s-KL deficiency as a pathological feature of RP and revealed that s-KL released from HK-2 cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs by inactivating the Wnt-β-catenin pathway, not only providing in-depth insight into the role of s-KL in renal interstitial biomineralization but also shedding new light on the interaction of renal tubular epithelial cells with interstitial cells to clarify RP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuhao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yingcheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Jakobsson J, Cotgreave I, Furberg M, Arnberg N, Svensson M. Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34564326 PMCID: PMC8472997 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Division of Biomaterials and Health, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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Sancesario GM, Di Lazzaro G, Grillo P, Biticchi B, Giannella E, Alwardat M, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Pisani A, Schirinzi T. Biofluids profile of α-Klotho in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:62-64. [PMID: 34392132 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We measured α-Klotho in CSF and serum of PD patients at early stage of the disease, finding two distinct pools, the first increased, the second reduced. CSF α-Klotho was inversely associated with CSF α-synuclein levels. Our preliminary results suggest α-Klotho as potential biomarker or therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Mohammad Alwardat
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Allied Medical Science Department, Division of Physical Therapy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, European Centre for Brain Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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