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Wisgrill L, Martens A, Kasbauer R, Eigenschink M, Pummer L, Redlberger-Fritz M, Végvári Á, Warth B, Berger A, Fyhrquist N, Alenius H. Network analysis reveals age- and virus-specific circuits in nasal epithelial cells of extremely premature infants. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38898695 DOI: 10.1111/all.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Viral respiratory infections significantly affect young children, particularly extremely premature infants, resulting in high hospitalization rates and increased health-care burdens. Nasal epithelial cells, the primary defense against respiratory infections, are vital for understanding nasal immune responses and serve as a promising target for uncovering underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. METHODS Using a trans-well pseudostratified nasal epithelial cell system, we examined age-dependent developmental differences and antiviral responses to influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus through systems biology approaches. RESULTS Our studies revealed differences in innate-receptor repertoires, distinct developmental pathways, and differentially connected antiviral network circuits between neonatal and adult nasal epithelial cells. Consensus network analysis identified unique and shared cellular-viral networks, emphasizing highly relevant virus-specific pathways, independent of viral replication kinetics. CONCLUSION This research highlights the importance of nasal epithelial cells in innate antiviral immune responses and offers crucial insights that allow for a deeper understanding of age-related differences in nasal epithelial cell immunity following respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Martens
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajmund Kasbauer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Eigenschink
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda Pummer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ákos Végvári
- Proteomics Biomedicum, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Human microbiome research program (HUMI), Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Human microbiome research program (HUMI), Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cojocaru E, Cojocaru T, Pînzariu GM, Vasiliu I, Armașu I, Cojocaru C. Perspectives on Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment. J Pers Med 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 38248752 PMCID: PMC10817460 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a critical outcome of chronic inflammatory diseases, has gained prominence in the context of post-coronavirus (post-COVID-19) complications. This review delves into the multifaceted landscape of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and highlighting promising therapeutic avenues. Examining the aftermath of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the review reveals key signaling pathways implicated in the fibrotic cascade. Drawing parallels with previous coronavirus outbreaks enhances our understanding of the distinctive features of post-COVID-19 fibrosis. Antifibrotic drugs, like pirfenidone and nintedanib, take center stage; their mechanisms of action and potential applications in post-COVID-19 cases are thoroughly explored. Beyond the established treatments, this review investigates emerging therapeutic modalities, including anti-interleukin agents, immunosuppressants, and experimental compounds, like buloxybutide, saracatinib, sirolimus, and resveratrol. Emphasizing the critical importance of early intervention, this review highlights the dynamic nature of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis research. In conclusion, the synthesis of current knowledge offers a foundation for advancing our approaches to the prevention and treatment of these consequential sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cojocaru
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Tudor Cojocaru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Giulia Mihaela Pînzariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ioana Vasiliu
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Ioana Armașu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Cristian Cojocaru
- Medical III Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Granados AA, Bucher S, Song H, Agrawal A, Chen AT, Peng T, Neff N, Pisco AO, Huang F, Wang B. Single-nuclei characterization of pervasive transcriptional signatures across organs in response to COVID-19. eLife 2023; 12:e81090. [PMID: 37830426 PMCID: PMC10575628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is a severe and often deadly disease that has implications for the respiratory system and multiple organs across the human body. While the effects in the lung have been extensively studied, less is known about the impact COVID-19 has across other organs. Methods Here, we contribute a single-nuclei RNA-sequencing atlas comprising six human organs across 20 autopsies where we analyzed the transcriptional changes due to COVID-19 in multiple cell types. The integration of data from multiple organs enabled the identification of systemic transcriptional changes. Results Computational cross-organ analysis for endothelial cells and macrophages identified systemic transcriptional changes in these cell types in COVID-19 samples. In addition, analysis of gene modules showed enrichment of specific signaling pathways across multiple organs in COVID-19 autopsies. Conclusions Altogether, the COVID Tissue Atlas enables the investigation of both cell type-specific and cross-organ transcriptional responses to COVID-19, providing insights into the molecular networks affected by the disease and highlighting novel potential targets for therapies and drug development. Funding The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative, The Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Bucher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hanbing Song
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | - Tien Peng
- Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan-Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Franklin Huang
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bruce Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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4
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He W, Zhou L, Xu K, Li H, Wang JJ, Chen C, Wang D. Immunopathogenesis and immunomodulatory therapy for myocarditis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2112-2137. [PMID: 37002488 PMCID: PMC10066028 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory cardiac disease characterized by the destruction of myocardial cells, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and is becoming a major public health concern. The aetiology of myocarditis continues to broaden as new pathogens and drugs emerge. The relationship between immune checkpoint inhibitors, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vaccines against coronavirus disease-2019, and myocarditis has attracted increased attention. Immunopathological processes play an important role in the different phases of myocarditis, affecting disease occurrence, development, and prognosis. Excessive immune activation can induce severe myocardial injury and lead to fulminant myocarditis, whereas chronic inflammation can lead to cardiac remodelling and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. The use of immunosuppressive treatments, particularly cytotoxic agents, for myocarditis, remains controversial. While reasonable and effective immunomodulatory therapy is the general trend. This review focuses on the current understanding of the aetiology and immunopathogenesis of myocarditis and offers new perspectives on immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu He
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - James Jiqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - DaoWen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Pi P, Zeng Z, Zeng L, Han B, Bai X, Xu S. Molecular mechanisms of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218059. [PMID: 37601070 PMCID: PMC10436482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. It has brought great challenges and harms to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs and is mainly manifested as pulmonary disease. However, one of the biggest crises arises from the emergence of COVID-19-induced fibrosis. At present, there are still many questions about how COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs and how to treat and regulate its long-term effects. In addition, as an important process of fibrosis, the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be an important factor driving PF. This review summarizes the main pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of COVID-19 related to PF. Starting with the basic mechanisms of PF, such as EMT, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, inflammation, macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, hedgehog pathway as well as Notch signaling. Further, we highlight the importance of COVID-19-induced EMT in the process of PF and provide an overview of the related molecular mechanisms, which will facilitate future research to propose new clinical therapeutic solutions for the treatment of COVID-19-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pi
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhe Bai
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shousheng Xu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Schmidt F, Abdesselem HB, Suhre K, Vaikath NN, Sohail MU, Al-Nesf M, Bensmail I, Mashod F, Sarwath H, Bernhardt J, Schaefer-Ramadan S, Tan TM, Morris PE, Schenck EJ, Price D, Mohamed-Ali V, Al-Maadheed M, Arredouani A, Decock J, Blackburn JM, Choi AMK, El-Agnaf OM. Auto-immunoproteomics analysis of COVID-19 ICU patients revealed increased levels of autoantibodies related to the male reproductive system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1203723. [PMID: 37520825 PMCID: PMC10374950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1203723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) manifests many clinical symptoms, including an exacerbated immune response and cytokine storm. Autoantibodies in COVID-19 may have severe prodromal effects that are poorly understood. The interaction between these autoantibodies and self-antigens can result in systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the role of autoantibodies in COVID-19 complications has yet to be fully understood. Methods: The current investigation screened two independent cohorts of 97 COVID-19 patients [discovery (Disc) cohort from Qatar (case = 49 vs. control = 48) and replication (Rep) cohort from New York (case = 48 vs. control = 28)] utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) Immunome protein-array technology. Total IgG autoantibody responses were evaluated against 1,318 correctly folded and full-length human proteins. Samples were randomly applied on the precoated microarray slides for 2 h. Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies were used to detect IgG autoantibody response. Slides were scanned at a fixed gain setting using the Agilent fluorescence microarray scanner, generating a 16-bit TIFF file. Group comparisons were performed using a linear model and Fisher's exact test. Differentially expressed proteins were used for KEGG and WIKIpathway annotation to determine pathways in which the proteins of interest were significantly over-represented. Results and conclusion: Autoantibody responses to 57 proteins were significantly altered in the COVID-19 Disc cohort compared to healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). The Rep cohort had altered autoantibody responses against 26 proteins compared to non-COVID-19 ICU patients who served as controls. Both cohorts showed substantial similarities (r 2 = 0.73) and exhibited higher autoantibody responses to numerous transcription factors, immunomodulatory proteins, and human disease markers. Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed elevated autoantibody responses against SPANXN4, STK25, ATF4, PRKD2, and CHMP3 proteins in COVID-19 patients. The sequences for SPANXN4 and STK25 were cross-validated using sequence alignment tools. ELISA and Western blot further verified the autoantigen-autoantibody response of SPANXN4. SPANXN4 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility, which may predict a potential role for this protein in COVID-19-associated male reproductive tract complications, and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maryam Al-Nesf
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Fathima Mashod
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hina Sarwath
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Priscilla E. Morris
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward J. Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidya Mohamed-Ali
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Maadheed
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar M. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Jaros RK, Fadason T, Cameron-Smith D, Golovina E, O'Sullivan JM. Comorbidity genetic risk and pathways impact SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9879. [PMID: 37336921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic risk and mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities interact to impact acute and long-term sequelae is essential if we are to reduce the ongoing health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we use a de novo protein diffusion network analysis coupled with tissue-specific gene regulatory networks, to examine putative mechanisms for associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities. Our approach identifies a shared genetic aetiology and molecular mechanisms for known and previously unknown comorbidities of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Additionally, genomic variants, genes and biological pathways that provide putative causal mechanisms connecting inherited risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronary artery disease and Parkinson's disease are identified for the first time. Our findings provide an in depth understanding of genetic impacts on traits that collectively alter an individual's predisposition to acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. The existence of complex inter-relationships between the comorbidities we identify raises the possibility of a much greater post-acute burden arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection if this genetic predisposition is realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Jaros
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Tayaza Fadason
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Evgeniia Golovina
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Australian Parkinson's Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ismail MMF, El-Awady RR, Farrag AM, Mahmoud SH, Abo Shama NM, Mostafa A, Ali MA, Rashed MH, Ibrahim IH. Potential role of PIM1 inhibition in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:65. [PMID: 37211584 PMCID: PMC10200336 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection involves disturbing multiple molecular pathways related to immunity and cellular functions. PIM1 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase found to be involved in the pathogenesis of several viral infections. One PIM1 substrate, Myc, was reported to interact with TMPRSS2, which is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. PIM1 inhibitors were reported to have antiviral activity through multiple mechanisms related to immunity and proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 and its potential role in hindering the progression of COVID-19. It also aimed to assess PIM1 inhibitor's effect on the expression of several genes of Notch signaling and Wnt pathways. In vitro study was conducted on Vero-E6 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 "NRC-03-nhCoV" virus. Protein-protein interaction of the study genes was assessed to evaluate their relation to cell proliferation and immunity. The effect of 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor treatment on viral load and mRNA expression of target genes was assessed at three time points. RESULTS Treatment with 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor showed potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 of 37.255 µg/ml), significantly lowering the viral load. Functional enrichments of the studied genes include negative regulation of growth rate, several biological processes involved in cell proliferation, and Interleukin-4 production, with interleukin-6 as a predicted functional partner. These results suggest an interplay between study genes with relation to cell proliferation and immunity. Following in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection, Notch pathway genes, CTNNB1, SUMO1, and TDG, were found to be overexpressed compared to uninfected cells. Treatment with 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor significantly lowers the expression levels of study genes, restoring Notch1 and BCL9 to the control level while decreasing Notch2 and CTNNB1 below control levels. CONCLUSION 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor could hinder cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and modulate several pathways implicated in immunity, suggesting a potential benefit in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M. F. Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R. El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Amal M. Farrag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H. Rashed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
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9
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Chen Y, Cao B, Zhou Q, Liu Y, He Q, Zhao M. Bibliometric evaluation of 2020-2022 publications on COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1070336. [PMID: 36712251 PMCID: PMC9880207 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1070336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the international scientific output regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through a bibliometric analysis and explore research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used different types of software, such as R, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, to analyze and visualize the data. Results A total of 10,055 publications were retrieved as of the 13 December 2022, based on the inclusion criteria after screening. The USA and China lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. Based on Bradford's law, 63 journals were considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references and keywords analysis indicated that researchers paid particular attention to cardiovascular comorbidities, outcomes, and COVID-19 regenerative medicine. In summary, with increasing COVID-19 research related to CVD, more attention might be drawn to the relationship between these two diseases. Conclusion The hotspots in this field may continue to revolve around cardiovascular comorbidities, outcomes, and COVID-19 regenerative medicine. Owing to the different situations faced by different groups with COVID-19, further exploration of the related factors specific to each of these groups, e.g., history or no history of heart failure, is needed, with a view to providing a reference for intervention measures in COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Buzi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Qingnan He ✉
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Mingyi Zhao ✉
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10
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Arjmand B, Alavi-Moghadam S, Sarvari M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezazadeh- Mafi A, Arjmand R, Nikandish M, Nasli‐Esfahani E, Larijani B. Critical roles of cytokine storm and bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:171-206. [PMID: 36600055 PMCID: PMC9812357 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been a shocking disaster for healthcare systems worldwide since December 2019. This virus can affect all systems of the body and its symptoms vary from a simple upper respiratory infection to fatal complications including end-organ damage. On the other hand, the normal immune system plays a pivotal role in the recovery of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, occasionally, exaggerated immune system inflammation and an excessive synthesis of cytokines, known as a "cytokine storm," can deteriorate the patient's clinical condition. Secondary bacterial co-infection is another problem in COVID-19 which affects the prognosis of patients. Although there are a few studies about this complication, they suggest not using antibiotics commonly, especially broad-spectrum ones. During this pandemic, various approaches and therapeutics were introduced for treating COVID-19 patients. However, available treatments are not helpful enough, especially for complicated cases. Hence, in this era, cell therapy and regenerative medicine will create new opportunities. Therefore, the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells, especially their antimicrobial activity, will help us understand how to treat COVID-19. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells may stop the immune system from becoming overactive in COVID-19 patients. On the other side, the stem cells' capacity for repair could encourage natural healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh- Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli‐Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Expression profiling of inflammation-related genes including IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, THBS1 in COVID-19 patients. Biologicals 2022; 80:27-34. [PMID: 36153188 PMCID: PMC9468312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to scrutinize the expression profile of inflammatory-related genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) from acute to post-acute stage of this infectious epidemic. The current cross-sectional study consisted of 53 acute-phase COVID-19 patients and 53 healthy individuals between February and March 2021. The extraction of total RNA was performed from PBMC specimens and also expression level of selected genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Subsequently, levels of these factors were re-measured six weeks after the acute phase to determine if the levels of chosen genes returned to normal after the acute phase of COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to test potential of genes as a diagnostic biomarker. The expression levels of inflammatory-related genes were significantly different between healthy and COVID-19 subjects. Besides, a significant higher CXCL8 level was found in the acute-phase COVID-19 compared to post-acute-phase infection which may be able to be considered as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between the acute phases from the post-acute-phase status. Deregulation of the inflammatory-related genes in COVID-19 patients, especially CXCL-8, can be serving as potent biomarkers to manage the COVID-19 infection.
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12
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COVID-19, cardiac involvement and cardiac rehabilitation: Insights from a rehabilitation perspective - State of the Art. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 68:317-335. [DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2022.11435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the pandemic, many novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have experienced multisystem involvement or become critically ill and treated in intensive care units, and even died. Among these systemic effects, cardiac involvement may have very important consequences for the patient’s prognosis and later life. Patients with COVID-19 may develop cardiac complications such as heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, vasculitis, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiac arrhythmias or trigger an accompanying cardiac disease. The ratio of COVID-19 cardiac involvement ranges between 7 and 28% in hospitalized patients with worse outcomes, longer stay in the intensive care unit, and a higher risk of death. Furthermore, deconditioning due to immobility and muscle involvement can be seen in post-COVID-19 patients and significant physical, cognitive and psychosocial impairments may be observed in some cases. Considering that the definition of health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”, individuals with heart involvement due to COVID-19 should be rehabilitated by evaluating all these aspects of the disease effect. In the light of the rehabilitation perspective and given the increasing number of patients with cardiac manifestations of COVID-19, in this review, we discuss the rehabilitation principles in this group of patients.
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13
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Baindara P, Sarker MB, Earhart AP, Mandal SM, Schrum AG. NOTCH signaling in COVID-19: a central hub controlling genes, proteins, and cells that mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry, the inflammatory response, and lung regeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928704. [PMID: 35992174 PMCID: PMC9386183 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the lungs of infected individuals, the downstream molecular signaling pathways induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are incompletely understood. Here, we describe and examine predictions of a model in which NOTCH may represent a central signaling axis in lung infection in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A pathway involving NOTCH signaling, furin, ADAM17, and ACE2 may be capable of increasing SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection. NOTCH signaling can also upregulate IL-6 and pro-inflammatory mediators induced to hyperactivation in COVID-19. Furthermore, if NOTCH signaling fails to turn down properly and stays elevated, airway regeneration during lung healing can be inhibited—a process that may be at play in COVID-19. With specific NOTCH inhibitor drugs in development and clinical trials for other diseases being conducted, the roles of NOTCH in all of these processes central to both infection and healing merit contemplation if such drugs might be applied to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Piyush Baindara, ; Santi M. Mandal, ; Adam G. Schrum,
| | - Md Bodruzzaman Sarker
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, United States
| | - Alexander P. Earhart
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- *Correspondence: Piyush Baindara, ; Santi M. Mandal, ; Adam G. Schrum,
| | - Adam G. Schrum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Piyush Baindara, ; Santi M. Mandal, ; Adam G. Schrum,
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14
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Identification of COVID-19-Associated DNA Methylation Variations by Integrating Methylation Array and scRNA-Seq Data at Cell-Type Resolution. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071109. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptome studies have revealed immune dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, including lymphopenia, T cell exhaustion, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of immune response and inflammatory response. The specific cell types of immune responses regulated by DNA methylation in COVID-19 patients will be better understood by exploring the COVID-19 DNA methylation variation at the cell-type level. Here, we developed an analytical pipeline to explore single-cell DNA methylation variations in COVID-19 patients by transferring bulk-tissue-level knowledge to the single-cell level. We discovered that the methylation variations in the whole blood of COVID-19 patients showed significant cell-type specificity with remarkable enrichment in gamma-delta T cells and presented a phenomenon of hypermethylation and low expression. Furthermore, we identified five genes whose methylation variations were associated with several cell types. Among them, S100A9, AHNAK, and CX3CR1 have been reported as potential COVID-19 biomarkers previously, and the others (TRAF3IP3 and LFNG) are closely associated with the immune and virus-related signaling pathways. We propose that they might serve as potential epigenetic biomarkers for COVID-19 and could play roles in important biological processes such as the immune response and antiviral activity.
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15
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Kumar A, Grams TR, Bloom DC, Toth Z. Signaling Pathway Reporter Screen with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Identifies nsp5 as a Repressor of p53 Activity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051039. [PMID: 35632779 PMCID: PMC9145535 DOI: 10.3390/v14051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of host signaling pathways plays a critical role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and viral pathogenesis. While a number of viral proteins that can block type I IFN signaling have been identified, a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in the regulation of other signaling pathways that can be critical for viral infection and its pathophysiology is still lacking. Here, we screened the effect of 21 SARS-CoV-2 proteins on 10 different host signaling pathways, namely, Wnt, p53, TGFβ, c-Myc, Hypoxia, Hippo, AP-1, Notch, Oct4/Sox2, and NF-κB, using a luciferase reporter assay. As a result, we identified several SARS-CoV-2 proteins that could act as activators or inhibitors for distinct signaling pathways in the context of overexpression in HEK293T cells. We also provided evidence for p53 being an intrinsic host restriction factor of SARS-CoV-2. We found that the overexpression of p53 is capable of reducing virus production, while the main viral protease nsp5 can repress the transcriptional activity of p53, which depends on the protease function of nsp5. Taken together, our results provide a foundation for future studies, which can explore how the dysregulation of specific signaling pathways by SARS-CoV-2 proteins can control viral infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Tristan R. Grams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.R.G.); (D.C.B.)
| | - David C. Bloom
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.R.G.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Zsolt Toth
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- UF Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Neogi U, Elaldi N, Appelberg S, Ambikan A, Kennedy E, Dowall S, Bagci BK, Gupta S, Rodriguez JE, Svensson-Akusjärvi S, Monteil V, Vegvari A, Benfeitas R, Banerjea A, Weber F, Hewson R, Mirazimi A. Multi-omics insights into host-viral response and pathogenesis in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses for novel therapeutic target. eLife 2022; 11:76071. [PMID: 35437144 PMCID: PMC9018070 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and host-viral interactions of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) are convoluted and not well evaluated. Application of the multi-omics system biology approaches, including biological network analysis in elucidating the complex host-viral response, interrogates the viral pathogenesis. The present study aimed to fingerprint the system-level alterations during acute CCHFV-infection and the cellular immune responses during productive CCHFV-replication in vitro. We used system-wide network-based system biology analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a longitudinal cohort of CCHF patients during the acute phase of infection and after one year of recovery (convalescent phase) followed by untargeted quantitative proteomics analysis of the most permissive CCHFV-infected Huh7 and SW13 cells. In the RNAseq analysis of the PBMCs, comparing the acute and convalescent-phase, we observed system-level host’s metabolic reprogramming towards central carbon and energy metabolism (CCEM) with distinct upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during CCHFV-infection. Upon application of network-based system biology methods, negative coordination of the biological signaling systems like FOXO/Notch axis and Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling with metabolic pathways during CCHFV-infection were observed. The temporal quantitative proteomics in Huh7 showed a dynamic change in the CCEM over time and concordant with the cross-sectional proteomics in SW13 cells. By blocking the two key CCEM pathways, glycolysis and glutaminolysis, viral replication was inhibited in vitro. Activation of key interferon stimulating genes during infection suggested the role of type I and II interferon-mediated antiviral mechanisms both at the system level and during progressive replication. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging disease that is increasingly spreading to new populations. The condition is now endemic in almost 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. CCHF is caused by a tick-borne virus and can cause uncontrolled bleeding. It has a mortality rate of up to 40%, and there are currently no vaccines or effective treatments available. All viruses depend entirely on their hosts for reproduction, and they achieve this through hijacking the molecular machinery of the cells they infect. However, little is known about how the CCHF virus does this and how the cells respond. To understand more about the relationship between the cell’s metabolism and viral replication, Neogi, Elaldi et al. studied immune cells taken from patients during an infection and one year later. The gene activity of the cells showed that the virus prefers to hijack processes known as central carbon and energy metabolism. These are the main regulator of the cellular energy supply and the production of essential chemicals. By using cancer drugs to block these key pathways, Neogi, Elaldi et al. could reduce the viral reproduction in laboratory cells. These findings provide a clearer understanding of how the CCHF virus replicates inside human cells. By interfering with these processes, researchers could develop new antiviral strategies to treat the disease. One of the cancer drugs tested in cells, 2-DG, has been approved for emergency use against COVID-19 in some countries. Neogi, Elaldi et al. are now studying this further in animals with the hope of reaching clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.,Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Anoop Ambikan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Kennedy
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Dowall
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Binnur K Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jimmy E Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson-Akusjärvi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Monteil
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akos Vegvari
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhil Banerjea
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Yeh YC, Doan LH, Huang ZY, Chu LW, Shi TH, Lee YR, Wu CT, Lin CH, Chiang ST, Liu HK, Chuang TH, Ping YH, Liu HS, Huang CYF. Honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi ( Astragalus membranaceus) Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Entry and COVID-19 Related Cytokine Storm in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765553. [PMID: 35401158 PMCID: PMC8990830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is threatening human health worldwide but no effective treatment currently exists for this disease. Current therapeutic strategies focus on the inhibition of viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds to improve host immunity, but not both. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds could be promising candidates due to their safety and minimal toxicity. In this study, we have developed a novel in silico bioinformatics workflow that integrates multiple databases to predict the use of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Using extracts from honeysuckle and Huangqi, these two herbs upregulated a group of microRNAs including let-7a, miR-148b, and miR-146a, which are critical to reduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, these herbs suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 or TNF-α, which were both identified in the cytokine storm of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a major cause of COVID-19 death. Furthermore, both herbs partially inhibited the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-transfected BHK-21 cells with the human lung cancer cell line Calu-3 that was expressing ACE2 receptors. These herbs inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity, thereby alleviating viral entry as well as replication. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that honeysuckle and Huangqi have the potential to be used as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry that warrants further in vivo analysis and functional assessment of miRNAs to confirm their clinical importance. This fast-screening platform can also be applied to other drug discovery studies for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ly Hien Doan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Zi-Yi Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hau Shi
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tao Wu
- Division of Big Data, Phalanx Biotech Group, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Tuan Chiang
- Chuang Song Zong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ligang Plant, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine (NRICM), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Yildiz C, Karabulut D, Erdal G, Hergünsel G, Karabulut U, Binboğa E, Isiksacan N. NOTCH and tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme levels could be used in COVID-19 for risk stratification. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SPECIALITIES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/injms.injms_52_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Marracino L, Severi P, Rapezzi C, Rizzo P, Ferrari R. Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080997. [PMID: 34440201 PMCID: PMC8393382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction characterizes every aspect of the so-called cardiovascular continuum, a series of events ranging from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and, finally, to coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the main prognostic factor for the progression of vascular disorders, which responds to drug intervention and lifestyle changes. Virtually all of the drugs used to prevent cardiovascular disorders, such as long-used and new antilipidemic agents and inhibitors of angiotensin enzyme (ACEi), exert an important effect on the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is a central feature of coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19), and it is now clear that life-risk complications of the disease are prompted by alterations of the endothelium induced by viral infection. As a consequence, the progression of COVID-19 is worse in the subjects in whom endothelial dysfunction is already present, such as elderly, diabetic, obese, and hypertensive patients. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury predict the severity and mortality of the disease and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. The purpose of this review is to provide updates on endothelial function by discussing its clinical relevance in the cardiovascular continuum, the latest insights from molecular and cellular biology, and their implications for clinical practice, with a focus on new actors, such as the Notch signaling and emerging therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fortini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (F.F.); (F.V.D.S.); (C.R.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Luisa Marracino
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Severi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (F.F.); (F.V.D.S.); (C.R.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (F.F.); (F.V.D.S.); (C.R.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (F.F.); (F.V.D.S.); (C.R.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-053-229-3707
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