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Streutker EM, Devamoglu U, Vonk MC, Verdurmen WPR, Le Gac S. Fibrosis-on-Chip: A Guide to Recapitulate the Essential Features of Fibrotic Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303991. [PMID: 38536053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, which is primarily marked by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is a pathophysiological process associated with many disorders, which ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and poor patient outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, currently there exist few therapeutic options, and importantly, there is a paucity of in vitro models to accurately study fibrosis. This review discusses the multifaceted nature of fibrosis from the viewpoint of developing organ-on-chip (OoC) disease models, focusing on five key features: the ECM component, inflammation, mechanical cues, hypoxia, and vascularization. The potential of OoC technology is explored for better modeling these features in the context of studying fibrotic diseases and the interplay between various key features is emphasized. This paper reviews how organ-specific fibrotic diseases are modeled in OoC platforms, which elements are included in these existing models, and the avenues for novel research directions are highlighted. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective on how to address the current gap with respect to the inclusion of multiple features to yield more sophisticated and relevant models of fibrotic diseases in an OoC format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Streutker
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Utku Devamoglu
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnoloygy and TechMed Centre, Organ-on-Chip Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon C Vonk
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnoloygy and TechMed Centre, Organ-on-Chip Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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2
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Singh A, Bhatt KS, Nguyen HC, Frisbee JC, Singh KK. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6180. [PMID: 38892367 PMCID: PMC11173124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under different pathophysiological conditions, endothelial cells lose endothelial phenotype and gain mesenchymal cell-like phenotype via a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). At the molecular level, endothelial cells lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and gain the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, and collagens. EndMT is induced by numerous different pathways triggered and modulated by multiple different and often redundant mechanisms in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathophysiological status of the cell. EndMT plays an essential role in embryonic development, particularly in atrioventricular valve development; however, EndMT is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several genetically determined and acquired diseases, including malignant, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Among cardiovascular diseases, aberrant EndMT is reported in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, fibroelastosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms behind the cause and/or effect of EndMT to eventually target EndMT appears to be a promising strategy for treating aberrant EndMT-associated diseases. However, this approach is limited by a lack of precise functional and molecular pathways, causes and/or effects, and a lack of robust animal models and human data about EndMT in different diseases. Here, we review different mechanisms in EndMT and the role of EndMT in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Kriti S. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Singh B, Cui K, Eisa-Beygi S, Zhu B, Cowan DB, Shi J, Wang DZ, Liu Z, Bischoff J, Chen H. Elucidating the crosstalk between endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and endothelial autophagy in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107368. [PMID: 38548093 PMCID: PMC11303600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic systemic inflammatory condition, is implicated in most cardiovascular ischemic events. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves various cell types and associated processes, including endothelial cell activation, monocyte recruitment, smooth muscle cell migration, involvement of macrophages and foam cells, and instability of the extracellular matrix. The process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has recently emerged as a pivotal process in mediating vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. This transition occurs gradually, with a significant portion of endothelial cells adopting an intermediate state, characterized by a partial loss of endothelial-specific gene expression and the acquisition of "mesenchymal" traits. Consequently, this shift disrupts endothelial cell junctions, increases vascular permeability, and exacerbates inflammation, creating a self-perpetuating cycle that drives atherosclerotic progression. While endothelial cell dysfunction initiates the development of atherosclerosis, autophagy, a cellular catabolic process designed to safeguard cells by recycling intracellular molecules, is believed to exert a significant role in plaque development. Identifying the pathological mechanisms and molecular mediators of EndoMT underpinning endothelial autophagy, may be of clinical relevance. Here, we offer new insights into the underlying biology of atherosclerosis and present potential molecular mechanisms of atherosclerotic resistance and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Singh
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bruoha S, Galli M, Sabouret P, Yosefy C, Taha L, Gragnano F, Savage MP, Shuvy M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Glikson M, Asher E. Atherosclerotic Plaque Erosion: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies-A Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:547-556. [PMID: 38421206 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is an insidious and progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-laden plaques within the intima of arterial walls with potentially devastating consequences. While rupture of vulnerable plaques has been extensively studied, a distinct mechanism known as plaque erosion (PE) has gained recognition and attention in recent years. PE, characterized by the loss of endothelial cell lining in the presence of intact fibrous cap, contributes to a significant and growing proportion of acute coronary events. However, despite a heterogeneous substrate underlying coronary thrombosis, treatment remains identical. This article provides an overview of atherosclerotic PE characteristics and its underlying mechanisms, highlights its clinical implications, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bruoha
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Mattia Galli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- National College of French Cardiologists, 13 rue Niepce, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Chaim Yosefy
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Louay Taha
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Michael P Savage
- Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mony Shuvy
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy ; and
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Glikson
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Asher
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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5
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Wang XL, Xian Y, Chen XL. YAP/TAZ Signaling Enhances Angiogenesis of Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells in a High-Glucose Environment. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:524-532. [PMID: 38305219 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2309217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age population. Neovascularization is an important hallmark of advanced DR. There is evidence that Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ binding domain (TAZ) plays an important role in angiogenesis and that its activity is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of YAP/TAZ-VEGF crosstalk on the angiogenic capacity of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) in a high-glucose environment. METHODS The expression of YAP and TAZ of hRECs under normal conditions, hypertonic conditions and high glucose were observed. YAP overexpression (OE-YAP), YAP silencing (sh-YAP), VEGF overexpression (OE-VEGF) and VEGF silencing (sh-VEGF) plasmids were constructed. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to detect cells proliferation ability, transwell assay to detect cells migration ability, and tube formation assay to detect tube formation ability. The protein expression of YAP, TAZ, VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-13, vessel endothelium (VE)-cadherin and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by western blot. RESULTS The proliferation of hRECs was significantly higher in the high glucose group compared with the normal group, as well as the protein expression of YAP and TAZ (p < 0.01). YAP and VEGF promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of hRECs in the high glucose environment (p < 0.01), and increased the expression of TAZ, VEGF, MMP-8, MMP-13 and α-SMA while reducing the expression of VE-cadherin (p < 0.01). Knockdown of YAP effectively reversed the above promoting effects of OE-VEGF (p < 0.01) and overexpression of YAP significantly reversed the inhibition effects of sh-VEGF on above cell function (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In a high-glucose environment, YAP/TAZ can significantly promote the proliferation, migration and tube formation ability of hRECs, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ma YL, Xu M, Cen XF, Qiu HL, Guo YY, Tang QZ. Tectorigenin protects against cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice heart via activating the adiponectin receptor 1-mediated AMPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116589. [PMID: 38636400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common severe complication of diabetes that occurs independently of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular cardiomyopathy, eventually leading to heart failure. Previous studies have reported that Tectorigenin (TEC) possesses extensive anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this present study, the impact of TEC on diabetic cardiomyopathy was examined. The model of DCM in mice was established with the combination of a high-fat diet and STZ treatment. Remarkably, TEC treatment significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac dysfunction. Concurrently, TEC was also found to mitigate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the DCM mouse. At the molecular level, TEC is involved in the activation of AMPK, both in vitro and in vivo, by enhancing its phosphorylation. This is achieved through the regulation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition via the AMPK/TGFβ/Smad3 pathway. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the level of ubiquitination of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) protein is associated with TEC-mediated improvement of cardiac dysfunction in DCM mice. Notably the substantial reduction of myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, TEC improves cardiac fibrosis in DCM mice by modulating the AdipoR1/AMPK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that TEC could be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Feng Cen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Liang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Liu J, Yu X, Braucht A, Smith S, Wang C. N-Cadherin Targeted Melanin Nanoparticles Reverse the Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Vascular Endothelial Cells to Potentially Slow the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8229-8247. [PMID: 38427686 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of vascular endothelial cells has recently been considered as a key player in the early progression of a variety of vascular and nonvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and organ fibrosis. However, current strategies attempting to identify pharmacological inhibitors to block the regulatory pathways of EndoMT suffer from poor selectivity, unwanted side effects, and a heterogeneous response from endothelial cells with different origins. Furthermore, EndoMT inhibitors focus on preventing EndoMT, leaving the endothelial cells that have already undergone EndoMT unresolved. Here, we report the design of a simple but powerful nanoparticle system (i.e., N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles) to convert cytokine-activated, mesenchymal-like endothelial cells back to their original endothelial phenotype. We term this process "Reversed EndoMT" (R-EndoMT). R-EndoMT allows the impaired endothelial barriers to recover their quiescence and intactness, with significantly reduced leukocyte and cancer cell adhesion and transmigration, which could potentially stop atheromatous plaque formation and cancer metastasis in the early stages. R-EndoMT is achieved on different endothelial cell types originating from arteries, veins, and capillaries, independent of activating cytokines. We reveal that N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles reverse EndoMT by downregulating an N-cadherin dependent RhoA activation pathway. Overall, this approach offers a different prospect to treat multiple EndoMT-associated diseases by designing nanoparticles to reverse the phenotypical transition of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Xiao Yu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Annaliese Braucht
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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8
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Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Zhang Z, Guo Q, Ma C, Zhao Z, Shi Q, Yu H, Rao L, Li M. USF1 transcriptionally activates USP14 to drive atherosclerosis by promoting EndMT through NLRC5/Smad2/3 axis. Mol Med 2024; 30:32. [PMID: 38424494 PMCID: PMC10905873 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transformation (EndMT) plays key roles in endothelial dysfunction during the pathological progression of atherosclerosis; however, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we explored the biological function and mechanisms of upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1) in EndMT during atherosclerosis. METHODS The in vivo and in vitro atherosclerotic models were established in high fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The plaque formation, collagen and lipid deposition, and morphological changes in the aortic tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson, Oil red O and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (EVG) staining, respectively. EndMT was determined by expression levels of EndMT-related proteins. Target molecule expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by ELISA. Migration of HUVECs was detected by transwell and scratch assays. Molecular mechanism was investigated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, and Co-IP assays. RESULTS USF1 was up-regulated in atherosclerosis patients. USF1 knockdown inhibited EndMT by up-regulating CD31 and VE-Cadherin, while down-regulating α-SMA and vimentin, thereby repressing inflammation, and migration in ox-LDL-exposed HUVECs. In addition, USF1 transcriptionally activated ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), which promoted de-ubiquitination and up-regulation of NLR Family CARD Domain Containing 5 (NLRC5) and subsequent Smad2/3 pathway activation. The inhibitory effect of sh-USF1 or sh-USP14 on EndMT was partly reversed by USP14 or NLRC5 overexpression. Finally, USF1 knockdown delayed atherosclerosis progression via inhibiting EndMT in mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the contribution of the USF1/USP14/NLRC5 axis to atherosclerosis development via promoting EndMT, which provide effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qingbo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Haosen Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Lixin Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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10
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Zakharova IS, Shevchenko AI, Arssan MA, Sleptcov AA, Nazarenko MS, Zarubin AA, Zheltysheva NV, Shevchenko VA, Tmoyan NA, Saaya SB, Ezhov MV, Kukharchuk VV, Parfyonova YV, Zakian SM. iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Reveal LDLR Dysfunction and Dysregulated Gene Expression Profiles in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:689. [PMID: 38255763 PMCID: PMC10815294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), manifested by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. LDLR deficiency in hepatocytes leads to elevated blood cholesterol levels, which damage vascular cells, especially endothelial cells, through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the distinctions between endothelial cells from individuals with normal and defective LDLR are not yet fully understood. In this study, we obtained and examined endothelial derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated previously from conditionally healthy donors and compound heterozygous FH patients carrying pathogenic LDLR alleles. In normal iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs), we detected the LDLR protein predominantly in its mature form, whereas iPSC-ECs from FH patients have reduced levels of mature LDLR and show abolished low-density lipoprotein uptake. RNA-seq of mutant LDLR iPSC-ECs revealed a unique transcriptome profile with downregulated genes related to monocarboxylic acid transport, exocytosis, and cell adhesion, whereas upregulated signaling pathways were involved in cell secretion and leukocyte activation. Overall, these findings suggest that LDLR defects increase the susceptibility of endothelial cells to inflammation and oxidative stress. In combination with elevated extrinsic cholesterol levels, this may result in accelerated endothelial dysfunction, contributing to early progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies associated with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S. Zakharova
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Alexander I. Shevchenko
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Mhd Amin Arssan
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Aleksei A. Sleptcov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Maria S. Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Aleksei A. Zarubin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Nina V. Zheltysheva
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vlada A. Shevchenko
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Narek A. Tmoyan
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Shoraan B. Saaya
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marat V. Ezhov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Valery V. Kukharchuk
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Yelena V. Parfyonova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
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11
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Chen HL, Peng K, Zeng DM, Yan J, Huang YQ, Jiang PY, Du YF, Ling X, Wu J. High-Salt Diet Aggravates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomerular Fibrosis in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:660-666. [PMID: 37179466 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy eventually progress to glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies revealed a potential role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the pathophysiology of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that EndMT was also involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis in salt-sensitive hypertension. We aimed to explore the effects of high-salt diet on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomerulosclerosis in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats. METHODS Eight-week-old male rats were fed high-salt (8%NaCl; DSH group) or normal salt (0.3%NaCl; DSN group) for eight weeks, with systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine, urea, 24-hour urinary protein/sodium, renal interlobar artery blood flow, and pathological examination measured. We also examined endothelial-(CD31) and fibrosis-related protein(α-SMA) expressions in glomeruli. RESULTS High-salt diet increased SBP (DSH vs. DSN, 205.2 ± 8.9 vs. 135.4 ± 7.9 mm Hg, P < 0.01), 24-hour urinary protein (132.55 ± 11.75 vs. 23.52 ± 5.94 mg/day, P < 0.05), urine sodium excretions (14.09 ± 1.49 vs. 0.47 ± 0.06 mmol/day, P < 0.05), and renal interlobar artery resistance. Glomerulosclerosis increased (26.1 ± 4.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05), glomerular CD31 expressions decreased while α-SMA expression increased in DSH group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CD31 and α-SMA co-expressed in glomeruli of the DSH group. The degree of glomerulosclerosis negatively correlated with CD31 expressions (r = -0.823, P < 0.01) but positively correlated with α-SMA expressions (r = 0.936, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a high-salt diet led to glomerulosclerosis involving the EndMT process, which played an essential role in glomerulosclerosis in hypertensive Dahl-SS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Kuang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dian-Mei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Qi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Pei-Yong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Fang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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12
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Wang E, Chen S, Wang H, Chen T, Chakrabarti S. Non-coding RNA-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human diabetic cardiomyopathy, potential regulation by DNA methylation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:303. [PMID: 37924123 PMCID: PMC10625293 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is central to DCM, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a key form of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. EndMT in DCM has been well-studied in model systems and has been found to be epigenetically regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, EndMT in DCM and its associated epigenetic changes need further characterization in human patients. It is also not known if ncRNAs are affected by changes in DNA methylation in DCM. This study aims to confirm in human hearts, the findings from animal and cell studies, and potentially provide novel insight into interactions between DNA methylation and ncRNAs in EndMT in DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart tissues were collected from autopsy patients, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were used for histology and immunofluorescence analyses, where we confirmed that diabetic patients showed increased cardiac fibrosis that EndMT had occurred. Tissue curls from the paraffin-embedded tissues were used for RT-qPCR and methylation analyses. RT-qPCR quantitatively showed that EndMT occurs in the hearts of diabetics, and that EndMT in human hearts corresponded to changes in key ncRNAs. Methylation analysis showed that some of the EndMT-related ncRNAs were regulated by DNA promoter methylation, while others may be regulated through different epigenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS We show that EndMT is a relevant pathological process in human hearts during DCM, and that its occurrence coincides with changes in relevant ncRNAs. We further find that interplay between DNA methylation and certain ncRNAs involved in the regulation of EndMT may contribute to the observed changes in ncRNA expression. These findings reinforce the role of EndMT in patients afflicted with DCM and underscore the complexities and importance of the interactions between different facets of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Shali Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tori Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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13
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Ma X, Xin D, She R, Liu D, Ge J, Mei Z. Novel insight into cGAS-STING pathway in ischemic stroke: from pre- to post-disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275408. [PMID: 37915571 PMCID: PMC10616885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a primary cause of disability and the second leading cause of mortality, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. Growing evidence suggests that the Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a component of innate immunity, is closely associated with microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and regulated cell death in ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying this pathway remain inadequately understood. This article comprehensively reviews the existing literature on the cGAS-STING pathway and its multifaceted relationship with ischemic stroke. Initially, it examines how various risk factors and pre-disease mechanisms such as metabolic dysfunction and senescence (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia) affect the cGAS-STING pathway in relation to ischemic stroke. Subsequently, we explore in depth the potential pathophysiological relationship between this pathway and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation as well as regulated cell death including ferroptosis and PANoptosis following cerebral ischemia injury. Finally, it suggests that intervention targeting the cGAS-STING pathway may serve as promising therapeutic strategies for addressing neuroinflammation associated with ischemic stroke. Taken together, this review concludes that targeting the microglia cGAS-STING pathway may shed light on the exploration of new therapeutic strategies against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Xin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Nguyen MTH, Imanishi M, Li S, Chau K, Banerjee P, Velatooru LR, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Gi YJ, Lee LL, Abe RJ, McBeath E, Deswal A, Lin SH, Palaskas NL, Dantzer R, Fujiwara K, Borchrdt MK, Turcios EB, Olmsted-Davis EA, Kotla S, Cooke JP, Wang G, Abe JI, Le NT. Endothelial activation and fibrotic changes are impeded by laminar flow-induced CHK1-SENP2 activity through mechanisms distinct from endothelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187490. [PMID: 37711550 PMCID: PMC10499395 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The deSUMOylase sentrin-specific isopeptidase 2 (SENP2) plays a crucial role in atheroprotection. However, the phosphorylation of SENP2 at T368 under disturbed flow (D-flow) conditions hinders its nuclear function and promotes endothelial cell (EC) activation. SUMOylation has been implicated in D-flow-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT), but the precise role of SENP2 in counteracting this process remains unclear. Method We developed a phospho-specific SENP2 S344 antibody and generated knock-in (KI) mice with a phospho-site mutation of SENP2 S344A using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We then investigated the effects of SENP2 S344 phosphorylation under two distinct flow patterns and during hypercholesteremia (HC)-mediated EC activation. Result Our findings demonstrate that laminar flow (L-flow) induces phosphorylation of SENP2 at S344 through the activation of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), leading to the inhibition of ERK5 and p53 SUMOylation and subsequent suppression of EC activation. We observed a significant increase in lipid-laden lesions in both the aortic arch (under D-flow) and descending aorta (under L-flow) of female hypercholesterolemic SENP2 S344A KI mice. In male hypercholesterolemic SENP2 S344A KI mice, larger lipid-laden lesions were only observed in the aortic arch area, suggesting a weaker HC-mediated atherogenesis in male mice compared to females. Ionizing radiation (IR) reduced CHK1 expression and SENP2 S344 phosphorylation, attenuating the pro-atherosclerotic effects observed in female SENP2 S344A KI mice after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), particularly in L-flow areas. The phospho-site mutation SENP2 S344A upregulates processes associated with EC activation, including inflammation, migration, and proliferation. Additionally, fibrotic changes and up-regulated expression of EC marker genes were observed. Apoptosis was augmented in ECs derived from the lungs of SENP2 S344A KI mice, primarily through the inhibition of ERK5-mediated expression of DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS). Summary In this study, we have revealed a novel mechanism underlying the suppressive effects of L-flow on EC inflammation, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrotic changes through promoting CHK1-induced SENP2 S344 phosphorylation. The phospho-site mutation SENP2 S344A responds to L-flow through a distinct mechanism, which involves the upregulation of both mesenchymal and EC marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shengyu Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Loka reddy Velatooru
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Young J. Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rei J. Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elena McBeath
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mae K. Borchrdt
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Estefani Berrios Turcios
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Kim SY, Kim YJ, Kim S, Momeni M, Lee A, Treanor A, Kim S, Kim RH, Park NH. GV1001 Inhibits the Severity of the Ligature-Induced Periodontitis and the Vascular Lipid Deposition Associated with the Periodontitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12566. [PMID: 37628753 PMCID: PMC10454325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GV1001, a 16 amino acid peptide derived from the catalytic segment of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, was developed as an anti-cancer vaccine. Subsequently, it was found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties. Periodontitis is a risk factor for a variety of systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis, a process in which chronic systemic and vascular inflammation results in the formation of plaques containing lipids, macrophages, foam cells, and tissue debris on the vascular intima. Thus, we investigated the effect of GV1001 on the severity of ligature-induced periodontitis, vascular inflammation, and arterial lipid deposition in mice. GV1001 notably reduced the severity of ligature-induced periodontitis by inhibiting gingival and systemic inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and vascular inflammation in wild-type mice. It also significantly lowered the amount of lipid deposition in the arterial wall in ApoE-deficient mice receiving ligature placement without changing the serum lipid profile. In vitro, we found that GV1001 inhibited the Receptor Activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced phenotypic changes in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that GV1001 prevents the exacerbation of periodontitis and atherosclerosis associated with periodontitis partly by inhibiting local, systemic, and vascular inflammation and phenotypic changes of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyang Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mersedeh Momeni
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alicia Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Treanor
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sangjae Kim
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Yun E, Kwon BS, Kim J, Lee A. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:159-170. [PMID: 37554358 PMCID: PMC10405771 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2244549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and chronic lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibroblast proliferation. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) serves as a source of fibroblasts and contributes to PF progression. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a steroidal saponin extracted from ginseng, is known to have pharmacological effects on vascular diseases. We have previously demonstrated that Rg3 inhibits EndMT and prevents endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that Rg3 may be a potential therapeutic agent for PF-targeting EndMT. EndMT occurs in the lung tissue of a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model, which was confirmed by co-staining of endothelial and mesenchymal markers in the pulmonary vasculature and changes in the expression of these markers. Rg3 administration decreased EndMT and suppressed PF development. We also examined the effect of Rg3 in an in vitro EndMT model induced by co-treatment with TGF-β2 and IL-1β. Rg3 treatment alleviated the characteristics of EndMT such as spindle-shaped morphological changes, EndMT marker expression changes, Dil-Ac-LDL uptake and migratory properties. In addition, we demonstrated the mechanism by which Rg3 inhibits EndMT by regulating the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Collectively, Rg3 can be a potential therapeutic agent for PF using the EndMT inhibition strategy, furthermore, it can be considered Rg3 as a therapeutic candidate for various EndMT-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Cantu A, Cantu Gutierrez M, Zhang Y, Dong X, Lingappan K. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury: role of sex as a biological variable. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:345-354. [PMID: 37395632 PMCID: PMC10625841 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by an arrest in alveolarization, abnormal vascular development, and variable interstitial fibroproliferation in the premature lung. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) may be a source of pathological fibrosis in many organ systems. Whether EndoMT contributes to the pathogenesis of BPD is not known. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary endothelial cells will show increased expression of EndoMT markers upon exposure to hyperoxia and that sex as a biological variable will modulate differences in expression. Wild-type (WT) and Cdh5-PAC CreERT2 (endothelial reporter) neonatal male and female mice (C57BL6) were exposed to hyperoxia (0.95 [Formula: see text]) either during the saccular stage of lung development (95% [Formula: see text]; postnatal day 1-5 [PND1-5]) or through the saccular and early alveolar stages of lung development (75% [Formula: see text]; PND1-14). Expression of EndoMT markers was measured in whole lung and endothelial cell mRNA. Sorted lung endothelial cells (from room air- and hyperoxia-exposed lungs) were subjected to bulk RNA-Seq. We show that exposure of the neonatal lung to hyperoxia leads to upregulation of key markers of EndoMT. Furthermore, using lung sc-RNA-Seq data from neonatal lung we were able to show that all endothelial cell subpopulations including the lung capillary endothelial cells show upregulation of EndoMT-related genes. Markers related to EndoMT are upregulated in the neonatal lung upon exposure to hyperoxia and show sex-specific differences. Mechanisms mediating EndoMT in the injured neonatal lung can modulate the response of the neonatal lung to hyperoxic injury and need further investigation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that neonatal hyperoxia exposure increased EndoMT markers in the lung endothelial cells and this biological process exhibits sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Manuel Cantu Gutierrez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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19
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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20
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Kim S, Lee H, Moon H, Kim R, Kim M, Jeong S, Kim H, Kim SH, Hwang SS, Lee MY, Kim J, Song BW, Chang W. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction via Inhibition of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1059. [PMID: 37237925 PMCID: PMC10215739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue damage following ischemia leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol flavonoid or catechin, exerts bioactivity in tissues with various diseases and protects ischemic myocardium; however, its association with the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is unknown. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were treated with EGCG to verify cellular function. In addition, EGCG is involved in RhoA GTPase transmission, resulting in reduced cell mobility, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related factors. A mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model was used to confirm the association between EGCG and EndMT in vivo. In the EGCG-treated group, ischemic tissue was regenerated by regulating proteins involved in the EndMT process, and cardioprotection was induced by positively regulating apoptosis and fibrosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, EGCG can reactivate myocardial function due to EndMT inhibition. In summary, our findings confirm that EGCG is an impact activator controlling the cardiac EndMT process derived from ischemic conditions and suggest that supplementation with EGCG may be beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyunjae Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Minsuk Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Seongtae Jeong
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hojin Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.S.H.)
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medical Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.S.H.)
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medical Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea; (H.M.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.L.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
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22
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Participation of Krüppel-like Factors in Atherogenesis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030448. [PMID: 36984888 PMCID: PMC10052737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important problem in modern medicine, the keys to understanding many aspects of which are still not available to clinicians. Atherosclerosis develops as a result of a complex chain of events in which many cells of the vascular wall and peripheral blood flow are involved. Endothelial cells, which line the vascular wall in a monolayer, play an important role in vascular biology. A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the multifaceted functions of endothelial cells, which not only organize the barrier between blood flow and tissues but also act as regulators of hemodynamics and play an important role in regulating the function of other cells in the vascular wall. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) perform several biological functions in various cells of the vascular wall. The large family of KLFs in humans includes 18 members, among which KLF2 and KLF4 are at the crossroads between endothelial cell mechanobiology and immunometabolism, which play important roles in both the normal vascular wall and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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23
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Barungi S, Hernández-Camarero P, Moreno-Terribas G, Villalba-Montoro R, Marchal JA, López-Ruiz E, Perán M. Clinical implications of inflammation in atheroma formation and novel therapies in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1148768. [PMID: 37009489 PMCID: PMC10061140 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1148768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Among all CVD, the most common is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD results from the complications promoted by atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques that limit and block the blood flow of the arteries involved in heart oxygenation. Atherosclerotic disease is usually treated by stents implantation and angioplasty, but these surgical interventions also favour thrombosis and restenosis which often lead to device failure. Hence, efficient and long-lasting therapeutic options that are easily accessible to patients are in high demand. Advanced technologies including nanotechnology or vascular tissue engineering may provide promising solutions for CVD. Moreover, advances in the understanding of the biological processes underlying atherosclerosis can lead to a significant improvement in the management of CVD and even to the development of novel efficient drugs. To note, over the last years, the observation that inflammation leads to atherosclerosis has gained interest providing a link between atheroma formation and oncogenesis. Here, we have focused on the description of the available therapy for atherosclerosis, including surgical treatment and experimental treatment, the mechanisms of atheroma formation, and possible novel therapeutic candidates such as the use of anti-inflammatory treatments to reduce CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivan Barungi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elena López-Ruiz, ; Macarena Perán,
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elena López-Ruiz, ; Macarena Perán,
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24
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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25
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Grewal N, Girdauskas E, Idhrees M, Velayudhan B, Klautz R, Driessen A, Poelmann RE. Structural abnormalities in the non-dilated ascending aortic wall of bicuspid aortic valve patients. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 62:107478. [PMID: 36155835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation. The development of the aortic valve is closely related to the development of the ascending aorta, associated with structural differences in the bicuspid aorta. Here we describe the non-dilated ascending aortic wall in bicuspid aortic valve patients. METHODS BAV (n=41) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) (n=18) non-dilated ascending aortic wall samples were studied. We investigated the following features of the aortic wall: vessel wall thickness, endothelial cell morphology, atherosclerosis, and elastic lamellae organization. Medial pathologic features encompassing elastic fiber thinning, fragmentation and degeneration, overall medial degeneration, mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation, and smooth muscle cell nuclei loss were studied. Furthermore, we included apoptosis, periaortic inflammation, and the level of expression of differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells. RESULTS The non-dilated BAV ascending aortic wall is characterized by a significantly thinner intimal layer, without features of atherosclerosis (P<.001). The medial layer is significantly thicker (P<.001) with more mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation (P<.001). All other medial pathologic features were more prominent in the TAV (P<.001). The media has significantly less differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (P<.001) between the neatly regulated elastic lamellae which are thinner in the BAV as compared to the TAV (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS The BAV ascending aorta without dilatation is characterized by a differentiation defect of vascular smooth muscle cells in the media and a significantly thinner intimal layer without overt pathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat Grewal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Idhrees
- Institute of Cardiac and Aortic Disorders (ICAD), SRM Institutes for Medical Science (SIMS Hospital), Chennai, India
| | - Bashi Velayudhan
- Institute of Cardiac and Aortic Disorders (ICAD), SRM Institutes for Medical Science (SIMS Hospital), Chennai, India
| | - Robert Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Driessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert E Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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26
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Gole S, Tkachenko S, Masannat T, Baylis RA, Cherepanova OA. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11192946. [PMID: 36230908 PMCID: PMC9563961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many decades of research, complications of atherosclerosis resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable plaques remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in cellular lineage tracing techniques have allowed researchers to begin investigating the role of individual cell types in the key processes regulating plaque stability, including maintenance of the fibrous cap, a protective collagen-rich structure that underlies the endothelium. This structure was previously thought to be entirely derived from smooth muscle cells (SMC), which migrated from the vessel wall. However, recent lineage tracing studies have identified endothelial cells (EC) as an essential component of this protective barrier through an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a process that has previously been implicated in pulmonary, cardiac, and kidney fibrosis. Although the presence of EndoMT in atherosclerotic plaques has been shown by several laboratories using EC-lineage tracing mouse models, whether EndoMT is detrimental (i.e., worsening disease progression) or beneficial (i.e., an athero-protective response that prevents plaque instability) remains uncertain as there are data to support both possibilities, which will be further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Gole
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert, RD, BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tarek Masannat
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St Gray 730, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-7491
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Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091736. [PMID: 36139812 PMCID: PMC9495882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent during aging. CAVD initiates with endothelial dysfunction, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and osteogenic transformation. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) participates in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, ILK role in CAVD is unknown. First, we determined that ILK expression is downregulated in aortic valves from patients with CAVD compared to non-CAVD, especially at the valve endothelium, and negatively correlated with calcification markers. Silencing ILK expression in human valve endothelial cells (siILK-hVECs) induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and promoted a switch to an osteoblastic phenotype; SiILK-hVECs expressed increased RUNX2 and developed calcified nodules. siILK-hVECs exhibited decreased NO production and increased nitrosative stress, suggesting valvular endothelial dysfunction. NO treatment of siILK-hVECs prevented VEC transdifferentiation, while treatment with an eNOS inhibitor mimicked ILK-silencing induction of EndMT. Accordingly, NO treatment inhibited VEC calcification. Mechanistically, siILK-hVECs showed increased Smad2 phosphorylation, suggesting a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, and NO treatment decreased Smad2 activation and RUNX2. Experiments performed in eNOS KO mice confirmed the involvement of the ILK-eNOS signaling pathway in valve calcification, since aortic valves from these animals showed decreased ILK expression, increased RUNX2, and calcification. Our study demonstrated that ILK endothelial expression participates in human CAVD development by preventing endothelial osteogenic transformation.
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The Nitric Oxide Donor [Zn(PipNONO)Cl] Exhibits Antitumor Activity through Inhibition of Epithelial and Endothelial Mesenchymal Transitions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174240. [PMID: 36077778 PMCID: PMC9454450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical pathophysiological role in cancer by modulating several processes, such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to characterize the antitumor effects of a novel NO donor, [Zn(PipNONO)Cl], on the processes of epithelial– and endothelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT and EndMT), known to actively participate in cancer progression. Two tumor cells lines were used in this study: human lung cancer cells (A549) and melanoma cells (A375), alone and co-cultured with human endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate that both tumor and endothelial cells were targets of NO action, which impaired EMT and EndMT functional and molecular features. Further studies are needed to finalize the therapeutic use of the novel NO donor. Abstract Exogenous nitric oxide appears a promising therapeutic approach to control cancer progression. Previously, a nickel-based nonoate, [Ni(SalPipNONO)], inhibited lung cancer cells, along with impairment of angiogenesis. The Zn(II) containing derivatives [Zn(PipNONO)Cl] exhibited a protective effect on vascular endothelium. Here, we have evaluated the antitumor properties of [Zn(PipNONO)Cl] in human lung cancer (A549) and melanoma (A375) cells. Metastasis initiates with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, consisting of the acquisition of invasive and migratory properties by tumor cells. At not cytotoxic levels, the nonoate significantly impaired A549 and A375 EMT induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Reduction of the mesenchymal marker vimentin, upregulated by TGF-β1, and restoration of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, reduced by TGF-β1, were detected in both tumor cell lines in the presence of Zn-nonoate. Further, the endothelial–mesenchymal transition achieved in a tumor-endothelial cell co-culture was assessed. Endothelial cells co-cultured with A549 or A375 acquired a mesenchymal phenotype with increased vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin and Smad2/3, and reduced VE-cadherin. The presence of [Zn(PipNONO)Cl] maintained a typical endothelial phenotype. In conclusion, [Zn(PipNONO)Cl] appears a promising therapeutic tool to control tumor growth and metastasis, by acting on both tumor and endothelial cells, reprogramming the cells toward their physiologic phenotypes.
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Endothelial ETS1 inhibition exacerbate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis through inducing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:462. [PMID: 35568723 PMCID: PMC9107459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been recognized as an early pathological feature and contributing factor in multiple sclerosis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a process associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to the disruption of vessel stability and barrier function, yet its functional consequence in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition accompanied the blood-brain barrier dysfunction in several neurological disorders, especially in multiple sclerosis. The activity of transcription factor ETS1, which is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and responded to an inflammatory condition, is suppressed in the central nervous system (CNS) ECs in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We identify ETS1 as a central regulator of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) associated with the compromise of barrier integrity. These phenotypical and functional alterations can further induce high permeability, immune infiltration, and organ fibrosis in multiple sclerosis, thus promoting disease progression. Together, these results demonstrate a functional role of EndMT in blood-brain barrier dysfunction and propose ETS1 as a potential transcriptional switch of EndMT to target the development of multiple sclerosis.
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Mussbacher M, Schossleitner K, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Schrammel A, Schmid JA. More than Just a Monolayer: the Multifaceted Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:483-492. [PMID: 35404040 PMCID: PMC9162978 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review In this review, we summarize current insights into the versatile roles of endothelial cells in atherogenesis. Recent Findings The vascular endothelium represents the first barrier that prevents the entry of lipoproteins and leukocytes into the vessel wall, thereby controlling two key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Disturbance of endothelial homeostasis increases vascular permeability, inflammation, and cellular trans-differentiation, which not only promotes the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques but is also involved in life-threatening thromboembolic complications such as plaque rupture and erosion. In this review, we focus on recent findings on endothelial lipoprotein transport, inflammation, cellular transitions, and barrier function. Summary By using cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing, epigenetics, and cell fate mapping, novel regulatory mechanisms and endothelial cell phenotypes have been discovered, which have not only challenged established concepts of endothelial activation, but have also led to a different view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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