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Wang Z, Hu B, Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu L, Li N, Liang C. Integrative analyses of genetic characteristics associated with skeletal endothelial cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13339. [PMID: 38656074 PMCID: PMC11027181 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The osseous vascular endothelium encompasses a vast intricate framework that regulates bone remodeling. Osteoporosis, an age-associated systemic bone disease, is characterized by the degeneration of the vascular architecture. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underpinning the metamorphosis of endothelial cells (ECs) with advancing age remain predominantly enigmatic. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the associated pathways in juvenile and mature femoral ECs, utilizing data sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories (GSE148804) and employing bioinformatics tools. Through this approach, we successfully discerned six pivotal genes, namely Adamts1, Adamts2, Adamts4, Adamts14, Col5a1, and Col5a2. Subsequently, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA network based on miRNAs displaying differential expression between CD31hiEMCNhi and CD31lowEMCNlow ECs, utilizing online repositories for prediction. The expression of miR-466i-3p and miR-466i-5p in bone marrow ECs exhibited an inverse correlation with age. Our in vivo experiments additionally unveiled miR-466i-5p as a pivotal regulator in osseous ECs and a promising therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department I of Cadre's Ward, Navy 971st Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department I of Cadre's Ward, Navy 971st Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department I of Cadre's Ward, Navy 971st Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department I of Cadre's Ward, Navy 971st Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ebrahimi F, Ebrahimi F, An J. Surgical Management of Infection Secondary to Cemento-osseous Dysplasia. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e614-e617. [PMID: 37552103 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) of the jaws generally has no clinical manifestations when asymptomatic, thus requiring no treatment. However, secondary infection in COD requires surgical intervention. This study was focused on the evaluation of the surgical treatment of COD patients with secondary infections. The clinical data of COD patients with secondary infections, treated at the Peking University, Hospital of Stomatology between March 2021 and June 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. The data included age, sex, lesion characteristics, number of surgeries, and surgical outcomes. Seven COD patients with secondary infections underwent curettage, and the wounds were repaired using local soft tissue flaps, such as the buccal fat pad. Four of the patients had primary wound healing, while 3 presented with wound dehiscence. Healing occurred in 2 of these 3 patients after ~1 month of dressings. The remaining patient showed no improvement after 9 weeks, and underwent a second surgery, which led to primary wound healing. In conclusion, secondary infection in COD is an indication for surgical intervention, which may arrest the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farin Ebrahimi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Faraz Ebrahimi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing China
| | - Jingang An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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Roldan L, Isaza C, Ospina J, Montoya C, Domínguez J, Orrego S, Correa S. A Comparative Study of HA/DBM Compounds Derived from Bovine and Porcine for Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:439. [PMID: 37754853 PMCID: PMC10532284 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This comparative study investigated the tissue regeneration and inflammatory response induced by xenografts comprised of hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) extracted from porcine (P) and bovine (B) sources. First, extraction of HA and DBM was independently conducted, followed by chemical and morphological characterization. Second, mixtures of HA/DBM were prepared in 50/50 and 60/40 concentrations, and the chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties were evaluated. A rat calvarial defect model was used to evaluate the tissue regeneration and inflammatory responses at 3 and 6 months. The commercial allograft DBM Puros® was used as a clinical reference. Different variables related to tissue regeneration were evaluated, including tissue thickness regeneration (%), amount of regenerated bone area (%), and amount of regenerated collagen area (%). The inflammatory response was evaluated by quantifying the blood vessel area. Overall, tissue regeneration from porcine grafts was superior to bovine. After 3 months of implantation, the tissue thickness regeneration in the 50/50P compound and the commercial DBM was significantly higher (~99%) than in the bovine materials (~23%). The 50/50P and DBM produced higher tissue regeneration than the naturally healed controls. Similar trends were observed for the regenerated bone and collagen areas. The blood vessel area was correlated with tissue regeneration in the first 3 months of evaluation. After 6 months of implantation, HA/DBM compounds showed less regenerated collagen than the DBM-only xenografts. In addition, all animal-derived xenografts improved tissue regeneration compared with the naturally healed defects. No clinical complications associated with any implanted compound were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Roldan
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioingeniería (GIB), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia; (L.R.); (C.I.)
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (C.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Catalina Isaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioingeniería (GIB), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia; (L.R.); (C.I.)
| | - Juan Ospina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico, Industrias de Alimentos Zenú S.A.S., Grupo Nutresa, Medellín 050044, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Montoya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (C.M.); (S.O.)
| | - José Domínguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioingeniería (GIB), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia; (L.R.); (C.I.)
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (C.M.); (S.O.)
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 191122, USA
| | - Santiago Correa
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioingeniería (GIB), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia; (L.R.); (C.I.)
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas e Ingeniería, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia
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O'Donnell L, Buikstra JE, Hill EC, Anderson AS, O'Donnell MJ. Skeletal manifestations of disease experience: Length of illness and porous cranial lesion formation in a contemporary juvenile mortality sample. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23896. [PMID: 36974669 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Porous lesions of the orbit (cribra orbitalia [CO]) and cranial vault (porotic hyperostosis [PH]) are used as skeletal indicators of childhood stress. Because they are understudied in contemporary populations, their relationship to disease experience is poorly understood. This paper examines the relationship between length of childhood illness and CO/PH formation in a clinically documented sample. "Turning points," which identify the window for lesion formation for CO/PH, are defined, implications for hidden heterogeneity in frailty are considered. METHODS Data are from 333 (199 males; 134 females) pediatric postmortem computed tomography scans. Individuals died in New Mexico (2011-2019) and are 0.5 to 15.99 years (mean = 7.1). Length of illness was estimated using information from autopsy and field reports. Logistic regression was used to estimate predicted probabilities, odds ratios, and the temporal window for lesion formation. RESULTS Illness, single bouts, or cumulative episodes lasting over 1 month is associated with higher odds of CO; individuals who were never sick have lower odds of having PH. This relationship was consistent for fatal and incidental illnesses that did not cause death. The developmental window for CO formation appears to close at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Those ill for over 1 month are more likely to have CO/PH than those with acute illnesses. Some individuals lived sufficiently long to form CO/PH but died of illness. Others with lesions died of circumstances unrelated to disease. This indicates hidden variation in robusticity even among ill individuals with CO/PH, which is vital in interpreting lesion frequencies in the archeological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi O'Donnell
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy S Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Michael J O'Donnell
- Bureau of Business & Economic Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Shen N, Maggio M, Woods I, C. Lowry M, Almasri R, Gorgun C, Eichholz K, Stavenschi E, Hokamp K, Roche F, O’Driscoll L, Hoey D. Mechanically activated mesenchymal-derived bone cells drive vessel formation via an extracellular vesicle mediated mechanism. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231186918. [PMID: 37654438 PMCID: PMC10467237 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is an important initial step for bone formation during development as well as during remodelling and repair in the adult skeleton. This results in a heavily vascularized tissue where endothelial cells and skeletal cells are constantly in crosstalk to facilitate homeostasis, a process that is mediated by numerous environmental signals, including mechanical loading. Breakdown in this communication can lead to disease and/or poor fracture repair. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of mature bone cells in regulating angiogenesis, how this is influenced by a dynamic mechanical environment, and understand the mechanism by which this could occur. Herein, we demonstrate that both osteoblasts and osteocytes coordinate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation via a mechanically dependent paracrine mechanism. Moreover, we identified that this process is mediated via the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as isolated EVs from mechanically stimulated bone cells elicited the same response as seen with the full secretome, while the EV-depleted secretome did not elicit any effect. Despite mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs (MA-EVs) driving a similar response to VEGF treatment, MA-EVs contain minimal quantities of this angiogenic factor. Lastly, a miRNA screen identified mechanoresponsive miRNAs packaged within MA-EVs which are linked with angiogenesis. Taken together, this study has highlighted an important mechanism in osteogenic-angiogenic coupling in bone and has identified the mechanically activated bone cell-derived EVs as a therapeutic to promote angiogenesis and potentially bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shen
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. Maggio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I. Woods
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. C. Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R. Almasri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Gorgun
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K.F. Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E. Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.M. Roche
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L. O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D.A. Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Riquelme-Gallego B, García-Molina L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Andújar-Vera F, González-Salvatierra S, García-Fontana C, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Muñoz-Torres M, García-Fontana B. Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin: A Promising Target for Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Glycemic Disorders in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142991. [PMID: 35889946 PMCID: PMC9321347 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes are causing an exponential increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide. The most frequent complications of these are the development of diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accurate tools are needed to classify the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the MetS population. In recent years, numerous biomarkers of bone metabolism have been associated with CVR. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in a cohort of patients with MetS and to analyse its association with MetS parameters and CVR as well as with T2D prevalence. A longitudinal study was conducted in which a MetS population was followed for one year. Weight change, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), ucOC levels, MetS parameters and CVR were analysed and CVR was calculated using different scores. Our results showed a decrease of CVR associated with a better adherence to the MetDiet resulting in higher HDL-C and ucOC levels though the improvement of MetS risk factors. This bone protein appeared as a potential biomarker to classify CVR in the MetS population, especially for MetS patients without prevalent T2D. Furthermore, ucOC serum levels could be good predictors of T2D prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (B.R.-G.); (L.G.-M.); (N.C.-I.); (A.B.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Laura García-Molina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (B.R.-G.); (L.G.-M.); (N.C.-I.); (A.B.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (B.R.-G.); (L.G.-M.); (N.C.-I.); (A.B.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (M.M.-T.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.); +34-958246124 (M.M.-T.); +34-958023460 (B.G.-F.)
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (B.R.-G.); (L.G.-M.); (N.C.-I.); (A.B.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (M.M.-T.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.); +34-958246124 (M.M.-T.); +34-958023460 (B.G.-F.)
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (M.M.-T.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.); +34-958246124 (M.M.-T.); +34-958023460 (B.G.-F.)
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Veronesi F, Contartese D, Martini L, Visani A, Fini M. Speculation on the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal injury with COVID-19 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:930789. [PMID: 35911401 PMCID: PMC9329661 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.930789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the respiratory tract, but also many other organs and tissues, leading to different pathological pictures, such as those of the musculoskeletal tissues. The present study should be considered as a speculation on the relationship between COVID-19 infection and some frequent musculoskeletal pathologies, in particular sarcopenia, bone loss/osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risk and osteoarthritis (OA), to hypothesize how the virus acts on these pathologies and consequently on the tissue regeneration/healing potential. The study focuses in particular on the modalities of interaction of COVID-19 with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and on the “cytokine storm.” Knowing the effects of COVID-19 on musculoskeletal tissues could be important also to understand if tissue regenerative/reparative capacity is compromised, especially in elderly and frail patients. We speculate that ACE2 and serine proteases together with an intense inflammation, immobilization and malnutrition could be the responsible for muscle weakness, altered bone remodeling, increase in bone fracture risk and inflammatory joint pathologies. Future preclinical and clinical studies may focus on the regenerative/reparative properties of the musculoskeletal tissues after COVID-19 infection, toward a personalized treatment usually based on scaffolds, cells, and growth factors.
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Recent advances in graphene-based polymer composite scaffolds for bone/cartilage tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Naguib M, Ali N, ElSaraf N, Rashed L, Azzam H. Does Serum Osteocalcin Level Affect Carotid Atherosclerosis in Post-Menopausal Diabetic Females? A Case-Control Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4513-4523. [PMID: 35509602 PMCID: PMC9059994 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s353492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the association between serum osteocalcin and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in a group of post-menopausal females with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 75 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 40 age matched postmenopausal healthy females. Age, body mass index, blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Laboratory tests including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were measured. Serum osteocalcin was measured using ELISA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA scan. CIMT was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Results Patients with T2DM had significantly lower serum osteocalcin compared to control (63.73±27.20 vs 136.16±21.96 pg/mL, P<0.001). Patients with osteoporosis had significantly lower osteocalcin level compared to those with normal BMD. Patients with T2DM had a significant negative correlation between serum osteocalcin and CIMT (r= -0.332; P=0.003), FBG (r= -0.732; P< 0.001), HbA1c (r=-0.672; P< 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r= -0.672; P< 0.001). However, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that CIMT in patients with diabetes was only significantly associated with age (P= 0.001), duration of diabetes (P< 0.001), SBP (P< 0.001), HOMA-IR (P=0.033), LDL (P=0.005), and HDL (P< 0.001). Furthermore, serum insulin (β= -0.183, P=0.033), FBG (β= -0.604, P< 0.001) and LDL (β= -0.195, P= 0.02) were independently negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin. Conclusion In this study, Postmenopausal women with diabetes had significantly lower osteocalcin compared to non-diabetic women. Although serum osteocalcin was negatively correlated with CIMT, multivariate regression analysis revealed that osteocalcin level was only independently related to worse glycemic parameters in postmenopausal women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Naguib
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unite, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Ahmed Maher Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa ElSaraf
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatoallah Azzam
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kang H, Aryal AC S, Barnes AM, Martin A, David V, Crawford SE, Marini JC. Antagonism Between PEDF and TGF-β Contributes to Type VI Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone and Vascular Pathogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:925-937. [PMID: 35258129 PMCID: PMC11152058 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder of bone and connective tissue, also known as brittle bone disease. Null mutations in SERPINF1, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), cause severe type VI OI, characterized by accumulation of unmineralized osteoid and a fish-scale pattern of bone lamellae. Although the potent anti-angiogenic activity of PEDF has been extensively studied, the disease mechanism of type VI OI is not well understood. Using Serpinf1(-/-) mice and primary osteoblasts, we demonstrate that loss of PEDF delays osteoblast maturation as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Barium sulfate perfusion reveals significantly increased vessel density in the tibial periosteum of Serpinf1(-/-) mouse compared with wild-type littermates. The increased bone vascularization in Serpinf1(-/-) mice correlated with increased number of CD31(+)/Endomucin(+) endothelial cells, which are involved in the coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Global transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq of Serpinf1(-/-) mouse osteoblasts reveals osteogenesis and angiogenesis as the biological processes most impacted by loss of PEDF. Intriguingly, TGF-β signaling is activated in type VI OI cells, and Serpinf1(-/-) osteoblasts are more sensitive to TGF-β stimulation than wild-type osteoblasts. TGF-β stimulation and PEDF deficiency showed additive effects on transcription suppression of osteogenic markers and stimulation of pro-angiogenic factors. Furthermore, PEDF attenuated TGF-β-induced expression of pro-angiogenic factors. These data suggest that functional antagonism between PEDF and TGF-β pathways controls osteogenesis and bone vascularization and is implicated in type VI OI pathogenesis. This antagonism may be exploited in developing therapeutics for type VI OI utilizing PEDF and TGF-β antibody. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseog Kang
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smriti Aryal AC
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aileen M Barnes
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Gan D, Cheng W, Ke L, Sun AR, Jia Q, Chen J, Xu Z, Xu J, Zhang P. Biphasic Effect of Pirfenidone on Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:804327. [PMID: 35069215 PMCID: PMC8766764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.804327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD), a synthetic arsenic compound, has been found to inhibit angiogenesis at high concentrations. However, the biphasic effects of different PFD concentrations on angiogenesis have not yet been elucidated, and the present study used an in vitro model to explore the mechanisms underlying this biphasic response. The effect of PFD on the initial angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells was investigated through a Matrigel tube formation assay, and the impact of PFD on endothelial cell migration was evaluated through scratch and transwell migration experiments. Moreover, the expression of key migration cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, was examined. Finally, the biphasic mechanism of PFD on angiogenesis was explored through cell signaling and apoptosis analyses. The results showed that 10–100 μM PFD has a significant and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on tube formation and migration, while 10 nM–1 μM PFD significantly promoted tube formation and migration, with 100 nM PFD having the strongest effect. Additionally, we found that a high concentration of PFD could significantly inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, while low concentrations of PFD significantly promoted their expression. Finally, we found that high concentrations of PFD inhibited EA.hy926 cell tube formation by promoting apoptosis, while low concentrations of PFD promoted tube formation by increasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression predominantly via the EGFR/p-p38 pathway. Overall, PFD elicits a biphasic effect on angiogenesis through different mechanisms, could be used as a new potential drug for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Gan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, The Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqing Ke
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyun Jia
- Second Ward of Trauma Surgery Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, SijingHospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Sharan K. Editorial: Vascular and skeletal crosstalk in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1084940. [PMID: 36457556 PMCID: PMC9707857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1084940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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13
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New Insights to the Crosstalk between Vascular and Bone Tissue in Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120849. [PMID: 34940607 PMCID: PMC8708186 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculature plays a key role in bone development and the maintenance of bone tissue throughout life. The two organ systems are not only linked in normal physiology, but also in pathophysiological conditions. The chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is still the most serious complication to CKD, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Current treatment therapies aimed at the phosphate retention and parathyroid hormone disturbances fail to reduce the high cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients, underlining the importance of other factors in the complex syndrome. This review will focus on vascular disease and its interplay with bone disorders in CKD. It will present the very late data showing a direct effect of vascular calcification on bone metabolism, indicating a vascular-bone tissue crosstalk in CKD. The calcified vasculature not only suffers from the systemic effects of CKD but seems to be an active player in the CKD-MBD syndrome impairing bone metabolism and might be a novel target for treatment and prevention.
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14
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Giordano F, Lenna S, Rampado R, Brozovich A, Hirase T, Tognon MG, Martini F, Agostini M, Yustein JT, Taraballi F. Nanodelivery Systems Face Challenges and Limitations in Bone Diseases Management. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giordano
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Stefania Lenna
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Riccardo Rampado
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua Padua 35124 Italy
- Nano‐Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory Institute of Pediatric Research—Città della Speranza Padua Italy
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine 8447 Highway 47 Bryan TX 77807 USA
| | - Takashi Hirase
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Mauro G. Tognon
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua Padua 35124 Italy
- Nano‐Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory Institute of Pediatric Research—Città della Speranza Padua Italy
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Methodist, 6565 Fannin Street Houston TX 77030 USA
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15
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Khan KS, Christensen DH, Nicolaisen SK, Gylfadottir SS, Jensen TS, Nielsen JS, Thomsen RW, Andersen H. Falls and fractures associated with type 2 diabetic polyneuropathy: A cross-sectional nationwide questionnaire study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1827-1834. [PMID: 33686761 PMCID: PMC8504903 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To examine the prevalence of falls and fractures, and the association with symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed questionnaire on neuropathy symptoms and falls was sent to 6,726 patients enrolled in the Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort (median age 65 years, diabetes duration 4.6 years). Complete data on fractures and patient characteristics were ascertained from population-based health registries. We defined possible DPN as a score ≥4 on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instruments questionnaire. Using Poisson regression analyses, we estimated the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of falls and fractures, comparing patients with and without DPN. RESULTS In total, 5,359 patients (80%) answered the questions on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instruments questionnaire and falls. Within the year preceding the questionnaire response, 17% (n = 933) reported at least one fall and 1.4% (n = 76) suffered from a fracture. The prevalence ratio of falls was substantially increased in patients with possible DPN compared with those without (aPR 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-2.63). The prevalence ratio increased with the number of falls from aPR 1.51 (95% CI 1.22-1.89) for one fall to aPR 5.89 (95% CI 3.84-9.05) for four or more falls within the preceding year. Possible DPN was associated with a slightly although non-significantly increased risk of fractures (aPR 1.32, 95% CI 0.75-2.33). CONCLUSIONS Patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes and symptoms of DPN had a highly increased risk of falling. These results emphasize the need for preventive interventions to reduce fall risk among patients with type 2 diabetes and possible DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Snopek Khan
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of NeurologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Diana Hedevang Christensen
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Sandra Sif Gylfadottir
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineDanish Pain Research CenterAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Troels Staehelin Jensen
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineDanish Pain Research CenterAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jens Steen Nielsen
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- The Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 DiabetesSteno Diabetes Center OdenseOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Research Unit of SDCODepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | - Henning Andersen
- Department of Clinical MedicineInternational Diabetic Neuropathy ConsortiumAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of NeurologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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16
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Dadwal UC, Bhatti FUR, Awosanya OD, Nagaraj RU, Perugini AJ, Sun S, Valuch CR, de Andrade Staut C, Mendenhall SK, Tewari NP, Mostardo SL, Nazzal MK, Battina HL, Zhou D, Kanagasabapathy D, Blosser RJ, Mulcrone PL, Li J, Kacena MA. The effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and thrombopoietin treatment on angiogenic properties of endothelial cells derived from the lung and bone marrow of young and aged, male and female mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21840. [PMID: 34423881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001616rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With an aging world population, there is an increased risk of fracture and impaired healing. One contributing factor may be aging-associated decreases in vascular function; thus, enhancing angiogenesis could improve fracture healing. Both bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and thrombopoietin (TPO) have pro-angiogenic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with BMP-2 or TPO on the in vitro angiogenic and proliferative potential of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from lungs (LECs) or bone marrow (BMECs) of young (3-4 months) and old (22-24 months), male and female, C57BL/6J mice. Cell proliferation, vessel-like structure formation, migration, and gene expression were used to evaluate angiogenic properties. In vitro characterization of ECs generally showed impaired vessel-like structure formation and proliferation in old ECs compared to young ECs, but improved migration characteristics in old BMECs. Differential sex-based angiogenic responses were observed, especially with respect to drug treatments and gene expression. Importantly, these studies suggest that NTN1, ROBO2, and SLIT3, along with angiogenic markers (CD31, FLT-1, ANGPT1, and ANGP2) differentially regulate EC proliferation and functional outcomes based on treatment, sex, and age. Furthermore, treatment of old ECs with TPO typically improved vessel-like structure parameters, but impaired migration. Thus, TPO may serve as an alternative treatment to BMP-2 for fracture healing in aging owing to improved angiogenesis and fracture healing, and the lack of side effects associated with BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushashi C Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Bhatti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olatundun D Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit U Nagaraj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Perugini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seungyup Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Conner R Valuch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caio de Andrade Staut
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen K Mendenhall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nikhil P Tewari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah L Mostardo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Murad K Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hanisha L Battina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepa Kanagasabapathy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel J Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick L Mulcrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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17
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The endothelium-bone axis in development, homeostasis and bone and joint disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:608-620. [PMID: 34480164 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels form a versatile transport network that is best known for its critical roles in processes such as tissue oxygenation, metabolism and immune surveillance. The vasculature also provides local, often organ-specific, molecular signals that control the behaviour of other cell types in their vicinity during development, homeostasis and regeneration, and also in disease processes. In the skeletal system, the local vasculature is actively involved in both bone formation and resorption. In addition, blood vessels participate in inflammatory processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the architecture, angiogenic growth and functional properties of the bone vasculature. The effects of ageing and pathological conditions, including arthritis and osteoporosis, are also discussed.
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18
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Roux BM, Vaicik MK, Shrestha B, Montelongo S, Stojkova K, Yang F, Guda T, Cinar A, Brey EM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Networks Accelerate Vascularization But Not Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:940-961. [PMID: 32924856 PMCID: PMC8336421 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is critical for engineering mineralized tissues. It has been previously shown that biomaterials containing preformed endothelial networks anastomose to host vasculature following implantation. However, the networks alone may not increase regeneration. In addition, a clinically applicable source of cells for vascularization is needed. In this study, vascular networks were generated from endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Network formation by iPSC-ECs within fibrin gels was investigated in a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) coculture spheroid model. Statistical design of experiments technique was evaluated for its predicting capability during the optimization of experimental parameters. The prevascularized units were combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to develop a vascularized composite hydrogel that was implanted in a rodent critical-sized cranial defect model. Immunohistological staining for human-specific CD31 at week 1 indicated the presence and maintenance of the implanted vessels. At 8 weeks, the prevascularized systems resulted in higher vessel density over MSC-only scaffolds. The implanted vessels appeared to establish flow with host vasculature. While there was a slight increase in bone volume in the prevascularized bone construct compared to MSC-only bone constructs, there was not a profound increase in bone regeneration. These results show that scaffolds with network structures can be generated from ECs derived from iPSC and that the networks survive and inosculate with the host postimplantation in a bone model. Impact statement Vascularization is critical for engineering bone. Prevascularized scaffolds have been shown to improve postimplantation vascularization. Herein, vascularized networks were generated from induced pluripotent cells derived from endothelial cells. These vascularized units were combined with a fibrin/hydroxyapatite scaffold to develop a prevascularized construct for bone regeneration. Implantation of these scaffolds in a small animal cranial defect model resulted in network inosculation and increased vascularization, but exhibited only a limited effect on bone formation. This study provides insight into the challenges of generating vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Roux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcella K. Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Binita Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sergio Montelongo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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19
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Bhatti FUR, Dadwal UC, Valuch CR, Tewari NP, Awosanya OD, de Andrade Staut C, Sun S, Mendenhall SK, Perugini AJ, Nagaraj RU, Battina HL, Nazzal MK, Blosser RJ, Maupin KA, Childress PJ, Li J, Kacena MA. The effects of high fat diet, bone healing, and BMP-2 treatment on endothelial cell growth and function. Bone 2021; 146:115883. [PMID: 33581374 PMCID: PMC8009863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital process during the regeneration of bone tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate angiogenesis at the fracture site as well as at distal locations from obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice that were treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2, local administration at the time of surgery) to heal a femoral critical sized defect (CSD) or saline as a control. Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce a type 2 diabetic-like phenotype while low fat diet (LFD) animals served as controls. Endothelial cells (ECs) were isolated from the lungs (LECs) and bone marrow (BMECs) 3 weeks post-surgery, and the fractured femurs were also examined. Our studies demonstrate that local administration of BMP-2 at the fracture site in a CSD model results in complete bone healing within 3 weeks for all HFD mice and 66.7% of LFD mice, whereas those treated with saline remain unhealed. At the fracture site, vessel parameters and adipocyte numbers were significantly increased in BMP-2 treated femurs, irrespective of diet. At distal sites, LEC and BMEC proliferation was not altered by diet or BMP-2 treatment. HFD increased the tube formation ability of both LECs and BMECs. Interestingly, BMP-2 treatment at the time of surgery reduced tube formation in LECs and humeri BMECs. However, migration of BMECs from HFD mice treated with BMP-2 was increased compared to BMECs from HFD mice treated with saline. BMP-2 treatment significantly increased the expression of CD31, FLT-1, and ANGPT2 in LECs and BMECs in LFD mice, but reduced the expression of these same genes in HFD mice. To date, this is the first study that depicts the systemic influence of fracture surgery and local BMP-2 treatment on the proliferation and angiogenic potential of ECs derived from the bone marrow and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ur Rehman Bhatti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
| | - Ushashi C Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
| | - Conner R Valuch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nikhil P Tewari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Olatundun D Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | | | - Seungyup Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Stephen K Mendenhall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Perugini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Rohit U Nagaraj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Hanisha L Battina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Murad K Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Rachel J Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Paul J Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA.
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20
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Dutheil F, Guillemin F, Biau J, Pham-Dang N, Saroul N, Clavère P, Lapeyre M. [Predictive factors for mandibular osteoradionecrosis after irradiation of head and neck cancers]. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:484-493. [PMID: 33836955 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the different risk factors for mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) must be done before and after the management of patients with head and neck cancer. Various clinical criteria for this severe radiation-induced complication are related to the patient (intrinsic radiosensitivity, malnutrition associated with thin weight loss, active smoking intoxication, microcapillary involvement, precarious oral status, hyposalivation) and/or related to the disease (oral cavity, large tumor size, tumor mandibular invasion). Therapeutic risk factors are also associated with a higher risk of ORN (primary tumor surgery, concomitant radio-chemotherapy, post-irradiation dental avulsion, preventive non-observance with the absence of stomatological follow-up and daily installation of gutters fluoride and, non-observance curative healing treatments). Finally, various dosimetric studies have specified the parameters in order to target the dose values distributed in the mandible, which increases the risk of ORN. An mean mandibular dose greater than 48-54Gy and high percentages of mandibular volume receiving 40 to 60Gy appear to be discriminating in the risk of developing an ORN.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dutheil
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie du CHU de Limoges, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87000 Limoges, France; Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - F Guillemin
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - J Biau
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - N Pham-Dang
- Département de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU Estaing, 1, rue Lucie-Aubrac, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Saroul
- Département de chirurgie ORL, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Clavère
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie du CHU de Limoges, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - M Lapeyre
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 5026, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France.
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21
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Chen M, Li Y, Huang X, Gu Y, Li S, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
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22
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Mao Z, Liu G, Xiao GY, Zhao C, Zou YC. CircCDR1as Suppresses Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cell Activity and Angiogenesis Through Targeting miR-135b/ FIH-1 Axis. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:573-582. [PMID: 33619902 PMCID: PMC7957389 DOI: 10.1111/os.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study investigated the role of CircCDR1as on angiogenesis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) isolated from non‐traumatic ONFH. Methods Forty corticosteroid‐induced ONFH patients received THA were enrolled in our study. Expressions of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1 were detected by qRT‐PCR in affected necrosis tissue and non‐affected normal tissue. Bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were isolated from six patients and treated with 0.1 mg/mL hydrocortisone to establish a GC‐damaged model of BMECs. Circ CDR1as plasmid and miR‐135b mimic were transfected into BMECs. BMEC proliferation was assessed using MTT assays. The migration ability of cells was detected by scratch‐wound assays. Matrigel assay was performed to detect angiogenesis in vitro. Western blot assay was used to detect HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FIH‐1 expressions. FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay were carried out to determine the interaction of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1. Results CircCDR1as was upregulated(2.02 ± 0.30 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) whereas miR‐135b was downregulated (0.55 ± 0.12 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) in affected tissues than in non‐affected tissues. Expression of CircCDR1as and FIH‐1 were negatively associated with miR‐135b in affected tissues (CircCDR1as with miR‐135b: r = −0.506, P < 0.001; FIH‐1 with miR‐135b r = −0.510, P < 0.001). Total blood tubule density was increased when CircCDR1as was silenced compared with NC (P < 0.01 vs. NC). The number of migrated BMECs were significantly increased in CircCDR1as silencing group compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). In addition, CircCDR1as plasmids transfection increased the protein expressions of FIH‐1 (P < 0.05 vs. NC) and reduced the HIF‐1α as well as VEGF expression compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay identified that FIH‐1 was a target of miR‐135b and could be modulated by CircCDR1as. Conclusion CircCDR1as decreases angiogenesis and proliferation of BMECs by sponging miR‐135b and upregulate FIH‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Chang Zhao
- Department of orthopedics, The Third affiliated hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cong Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Paolino S, Gotelli E, Goegan F, Casabella A, Ferrari G, Patane M, Albertelli M, Gatto F, Pizzorni C, Cattelan F, Sulli A, Smith V, Cutolo M. Body composition and bone status in relation to microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:255-264. [PMID: 32449094 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate, in Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the body composition and the bone status according to the peripheral microcirculatory condition, assessed and scored by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC, "Early", "Active", "Late" patterns). METHODS Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by Dual X-ray absorptiometry and dedicated software (GE Lunar USA) in 37 female SSc patients classified according to the 2013 EULAR/ACR criteria and 40 sex-matched healthy subjects. Clinical, laboratory, body composition and bone parameters were analyzed according to the different NVC patterns. Means were compared by the Student's t test or one-way analysis of variance; medians were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test; and frequencies by the chi-square test. RESULTS Higher prevalence of vertebral (21% vs 7%) and femoral (35% vs 7%) osteoporosis (OP) was found in SSc. Particularly SSc patients with "Late" NVC pattern showed a significantly higher prevalence of vertebral (p = 0.018) and femoral OP (p = 0.016). Regional assessment of bone mass (BM) in seven different body areas showed a significantly lower BMD only at the total spine (p = 0.008) and femoral neck (p = 0.027) in advanced microvascular damage. Patients with "Late" NVC pattern showed a lower whole-body lean mass (LM) compared to "Early" and "Active" NVC patterns, particularly at upper limbs. To note, in all body sites, BMD correlates with LM and BMC according to NVC pattern severity. CONCLUSIONS SSc patients with most severe microvascular damage show a significantly altered body composition and bone status suggesting a strong link between microvascular failure and associated muscle/bone sufferance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paolino
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Gotelli
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Goegan
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Casabella
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Ferrari
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Patane
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Endocrinology Unit, University of Genoa, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (DIMI), Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Endocrinology Unit, University of Genoa, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Pizzorni
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Cattelan
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Sulli
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Cutolo
- Department of Internal Medicine DiMI, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Palomino-Durand C, Lopez M, Marchandise P, Martel B, Blanchemain N, Chai F. Chitosan/Polycyclodextrin (CHT/PCD)-Based Sponges Delivering VEGF to Enhance Angiogenesis for Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090784. [PMID: 32825081 PMCID: PMC7557476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is one of the main challenges in bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this study, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), known for its angiogenic effect, was delivered by our developed sponge, derived from a polyelectrolyte complexes hydrogel between chitosan (CHT) and anionic cyclodextrin polymer (PCD). This sponge, as a scaffold for growth factor delivery, was formed by freeze-drying a homogeneous CHT/PCD hydrogel, and thereafter stabilized by a thermal treatment. Microstructure, water-uptake, biodegradation, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of sponges were assessed. VEGF-delivery following incubation in medium was then evaluated by monitoring the VEGF-release profile and its bioactivity. CHT/PCD sponge showed a porous (open porosity of 87.5%) interconnected microstructure with pores of different sizes (an average pore size of 153 μm), a slow biodegradation (12% till 21 days), a high water-uptake capacity (~600% in 2 h), an elastic property under compression (elastic modulus of compression 256 ± 4 kPa), and a good cytocompatibility in contact with osteoblast and endothelial cells. The kinetic release of VEGF was found to exert a pro-proliferation and a pro-migration effect on endothelial cells, which are two important processes during scaffold vascularization. Hence, CHT/PCD sponges were promising vehicles for the delivery of growth factors in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palomino-Durand
- U1008 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (C.P.-D.); (M.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Marco Lopez
- U1008 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (C.P.-D.); (M.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Pierre Marchandise
- ULR 4490–MABLab–Adiposité Médullaire et Os, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
- ULR 4490–MABLab–Adiposité Médullaire et Os, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bernard Martel
- UMR 8207, UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), University of Lille, 59655 Lille, France;
| | - Nicolas Blanchemain
- U1008 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (C.P.-D.); (M.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Feng Chai
- U1008 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (C.P.-D.); (M.L.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-626-997
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25
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Borciani G, Montalbano G, Baldini N, Cerqueni G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Ciapetti G. Co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclasts: Simulating in vitro bone remodeling in regenerative approaches. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:22-45. [PMID: 32251782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an extremely dynamic tissue, undergoing continuous remodeling for its whole lifetime, but its regeneration or augmentation due to bone loss or defects are not always easy to obtain. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach, and its success often relies on a "smart" scaffold, as a support to host and guide bone formation through bone cell precursors. Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) within the basic multicellular unit, in a consecutive cycle of resorption and formation. Therefore, a functional scaffold should allow the best possible OB/OC cooperation for bone remodeling, as happens within the bone extracellular matrix in the body. In the present work OB/OC co-culture models, with and without scaffolds, are reviewed. These experimental systems are intended for different targets, including bone remodeling simulation, drug testing and the assessment of biomaterials and 3D scaffolds for BTE. As a consequence, several parameters, such as cell type, cell ratio, culture medium and inducers, culture times and setpoints, assay methods, etc. vary greatly. This review identifies and systematically reports the in vitro methods explored up to now, which, as they allow cellular communication, more closely resemble bone remodeling and/or the regeneration process in the framework of BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone is a dynamic tissue under continuous remodeling, but spontaneous healing may fail in the case of excessive bone loss which often requires valid alternatives to conventional treatments to restore bone integrity, like bone tissue engineering (BTE). Pre-clinical evaluation of scaffolds for BTE requires in vitro testing where co-cultures combining innovative materials with osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) closely mimic the in vivo repair process. This review considers the direct and indirect OB/OC co-cultures relevant to BTE, from the early mouse-cell models to the recent bone regenerative systems. The co-culture modeling of bone microenvironment provides reliable information on bone cell cross-talk. Starting from improved knowledge on bone remodeling, bone disease mechanisms may be understood and new BTE solutions are designed.
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26
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Riquelme-Gallego B, García-Molina L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Sánchez-Delgado G, Andújar-Vera F, García-Fontana C, González-Salvatierra S, García-Recio E, Martínez-Ruiz V, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Muñoz-Torres M, García-Fontana B. Circulating Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin as Estimator of Cardiovascular and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1840. [PMID: 32020009 PMCID: PMC7000396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) could be a biomarker of glucose disturbances and cardiovascular risk. Our study aimed to determine the association between serum levels of ucOC and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and to analyse its potential role as estimator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in this population. This cross-sectional study included 235 patients with MetS, 53.2% women, aged 55–75 years. Circulating ucOC levels were measured by ELISA. Cardiovascular risk was determined as Z-score of the diagnostic criteria for MetS (CV-ZS). Linear regression model was performed to analyse the association between circulating ucOC and CV-ZS. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was performed to analyse the usefulness of ucOC as T2D risk estimator. Patients above the CV-ZS median showed significant lower ucOC levels. We found an inverse association between ucOC levels and CV-ZS in MetS patients without T2D. Patients with ucOC levels below the 25th percentile showed worse cardiometabolic profile and higher cardiovascular and T2D risk. The area under the curve performed better when ucOC levels were included along with the classic T2D risk factors. The measurement of circulating ucOC could be a useful tool to identify increased cardiovascular and T2D risk in MetS patients without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Molina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sánchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Recio
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain. .,CIBER of Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain. .,Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain. .,CIBER of Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Zhao J, Mu L, Wang Z, Fang X, He X, Zhang X, Xu X. The potential roles of circular RNAs in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:533-539. [PMID: 31974613 PMCID: PMC6947852 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are categorized as non-coding RNAs that, unlike widely known canonical linear RNAs, form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5′ or 3′ polarities, which enables them to resist digestion by RNA exonucleases. Although the functions of circRNAs remain largely unknown, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs can act as microRNA sponges, which allows them to regulate numerous biological processes and disease mechanisms, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and stem cell differentiation. Although research into circRNAs is in its infancy, studies have identified critical roles for circRNAs in the initiation and progression of disease. The present study delineated the characteristics and functions of circRNAs, and focused on the potential relationship between circRNAs and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). CircRNAs represent a novel avenue for studying the mechanisms underlying ONFH as well as possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Long Mu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchun Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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28
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Kérourédan O, Hakobyan D, Rémy M, Ziane S, Dusserre N, Fricain JC, Delmond S, Thébaud NB, Devillard R. In situ prevascularization designed by laser-assisted bioprinting: effect on bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045002. [PMID: 31151125 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization plays a crucial role in bone formation and regeneration process. Development of a functional vasculature to improve survival and integration of tissue-engineered bone substitutes remains a major challenge. Biofabrication technologies, such as bioprinting, have been introduced as promising alternatives to overcome issues related to lack of prevascularization and poor organization of vascular networks within the bone substitutes. In this context, this study aimed at organizing endothelial cells in situ, in a mouse calvaria bone defect, to generate a prevascularization with a defined architecture, and promote in vivo bone regeneration. Laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) was used to pattern Red Fluorescent Protein-labeled endothelial cells into a mouse calvaria bone defect of critical size, filled with collagen containing mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelial growth factor. LAB technology allowed safe and controlled in vivo printing of different cell patterns. In situ printing of endothelial cells gave rise to organized microvascular networks into bone defects. At two months, vascularization rate (vr) and bone regeneration rate (br) showed statistically significant differences between the 'random seeding' condition and both 'disc' pattern (vr = +203.6%; br = +294.1%) and 'crossed circle' pattern (vr = +355%; br = +602.1%). These results indicate that in vivo LAB is a valuable tool to introduce in situ prevascularization with a defined configuration and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kérourédan
- INSERM, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. CHU de Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Infected Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia: Analysis of 66 Cases and Literature Review. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:173-182. [PMID: 31011984 PMCID: PMC7021850 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe a series with 66 cases of infected cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and to discuss the demographic distribution, clinicoradiographic features and treatment of this condition. A study looking back on the diagnoses made at a single Brazilian centre within a 28-year timeframe was performed. A literature review with searches across five databases was also conducted to identify reports on osteomyelitis/infected COD. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The case series study showed a female/male ratio of 21:1. Affected individuals' mean age was 57.4 years. Mandible was the most affected site (95.5%) and florid subtype was the most frequent infected COD (62.1%). Tooth extraction was the main factor associated with the development of infection associated within a COD lesion. The literature review retrieved 30 studies reporting 46 cases of this condition. Asian women in their 40 s and 50 s were more affected. Surgery for removal/curettage of necrotic bone was acknowledged as an appropriate approach to the treatment of this infection. The clinicodemographic data of the study were similar to data collected across the literature. Clinicians, maxillofacial surgeons and oral rehabilitation providers should be alert to the diagnosis of COD, since infection is a frequent complication whose management is challenging.
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Willemin AS, Zhang G, Velot E, Bianchi A, Decot V, Rousseau M, Gillet P, Moby V. The effect of nacre extract on cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells: A natural stimulus to promote angiogenesis? J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1406-1413. [PMID: 30737885 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical parameter to consider for the development of tissue-engineered bone substitutes. The challenge is to promote sufficient vascularization in the bone substitute to prevent cell death and to allow its efficient integration. The capacity of nacre extract to restore the osteogenic activity of osteoarthritis osteoblasts has already been demonstrated. However, their angiogenic potential on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was not yet explored. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating if nacreous molecules affect EPC behavior. The gene and protein expression levels of endothelial cell (EC)-specific markers were determined in EPCs cultivated in presence of a nacre extract (ethanol soluble matrix [ESM] at two concentrations: 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL (respectively abbreviated ESM100 and ESM200)). Cell functionality was explored by proangiogenic factors production and in vitro tube formation assay. ESM200 increased the expression of some EC-specific genes. The in vitro tube formation assay demonstrated that ESM200 stimulated tubulogenesis affecting angiogenic parameters. We demonstrated that a stimulation with 200 μg/mL of ESM increased angiogenesis key elements. This in vitro study strongly highlights the proangiogenic effect of ESM. Due to its osteogenic properties, previously demonstrated, ESM could constitute the key element to develop an ideal prevascularized bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Willemin
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
| | - Ganggang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emilie Velot
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
| | - Veronique Decot
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissus, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1089, Saint-Etienne, F-42000, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
| | - Vanessa Moby
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, F-54505, France.,CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, Service Odontologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54505, France
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Micrornas at the Interface between Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis as Targets for Bone Regeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020121. [PMID: 30717449 PMCID: PMC6406308 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and regeneration is a multistep complex process crucially determined by the formation of blood vessels in the growth plate region. This is preceded by the expression of growth factors, notably the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), secreted by osteogenic cells, as well as the corresponding response of endothelial cells, although the exact mechanisms remain to be clarified. Thereby, coordinated coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis is initiated and sustained. The precise interplay of these two fundamental processes is crucial during times of rapid bone growth or fracture repair in adults. Deviations in this balance might lead to pathologic conditions such as osteoarthritis and ectopic bone formation. Besides VEGF, the recently discovered important regulatory and modifying functions of microRNAs also support this key mechanism. These comprise two principal categories of microRNAs that were identified with specific functions in bone formation (osteomiRs) and/or angiogenesis (angiomiRs). However, as hypoxia is a major driving force behind bone angiogenesis, a third group involved in this process is represented by hypoxia-inducible microRNAs (hypoxamiRs). This review was focused on the identification of microRNAs that were found to have an active role in osteogenesis as well as angiogenesis to date that were termed "CouplingmiRs (CPLGmiRs)". Outlined representatives therefore represent microRNAs that already have been associated with an active role in osteogenic-angiogenic coupling or are presumed to have its potential. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing bone angiogenesis are of great relevance for improving therapeutic options in bone regeneration, tissue-engineering, and the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Exosomes: mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential. Oncoscience 2018; 5:181-195. [PMID: 30035185 PMCID: PMC6049320 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous lifelong process in the repair of micro-damage to bone architecture and replacement of aging tissue in bone. A failure to such process leads to pathological destructive bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. However, this active process is regulated by; osteoclasts, which are involved in the bone resorption process; osteoblasts, with involvement in the bone formation process and bone-derived endothelial cells, which promote angiogenesis. In the bone micro-environment, these cellular interactions are mediated by a complex interplay between cell types via direct interaction of cell secreted growth factors, such as cytokines. Recently, the discovery of exosomes (∼ 40–100 nm in size), has attracted more attention in the field of the bone remodeling process. Exosomes and microvesicles are derived from different types of bone cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and their precursors. They are also recognized to play pivotal roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we especially emphasize the origin and biogenesis of exosomes and bone cell derived exosomes in the regulatory process of bone remodeling. Moreover, this review article also focuses on exosomal secreted proteins and microRNAs and their involvement in the regulation of bone remodeling.
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Aref MW, Swallow EA, Chen NX, Moe SM, Allen MR. Skeletal vascular perfusion is altered in chronic kidney disease. Bone Rep 2018; 8:215-220. [PMID: 29955640 PMCID: PMC6020396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an alarming risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture-associated mortality. CKD has been shown to have negative effects on vascular reactivity and organ perfusion. Although alterations in bone blood flow are linked to dysregulation of bone remodeling and mass in multiple conditions, changes to skeletal perfusion in the setting of CKD have not been explored. The goal of this study was to establish the effect of CKD on skeletal perfusion in a rat model of CKD. In two experiments with endpoints at 30 and 35 weeks of age, respectively, normal (NL) and Cy/+ (CKD) animals (n = 6/group) underwent in vivo intra-cardiac fluorescent microsphere injection to assess bone tissue perfusion. These two separate time points aimed to describe skeletal perfusion at 30 and 35 weeks based on previous studies demonstrating significant progression of hyperparthyroid bone disease during this timeframe. CKD animals had blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels significantly higher than NL at both 30 and 35 weeks. At 30 weeks, perfusion was significantly higher in the femoral cortex (+259%, p < 0.05) but not in the tibial cortex (+140%, p = 0.11) of CKD animals relative to NL littermates. Isolated tibial marrow perfusion at 30 weeks showed a trend toward being higher (+183%, p = 0.08) in CKD. At 35 weeks, perfusion was significantly higher in both the femoral cortex (+173%, p < 0.05) and the tibial cortex (+241%, p < 0.05) in CKD animals when compared to their normal littermates. Isolated tibial marrow perfusion (-57%, p <0.05) and vertebral body perfusion (-71%, p <0.05) were lower in CKD animals. The current study demonstrates two novel findings regarding bone perfusion in an animal model of high turnover CKD. First, cortical bone perfusion in CKD animals is higher than in normal animals. Second, alterations in bone marrow perfision differed among the stages of CKD and were distinct from perfusion to the cortical bone. Determining whether these changes in bone perfusion are drivers, propagators, or consequences of skeletal deterioration in CKD will necessitate further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad W. Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Han Y, You X, Xing W, Zhang Z, Zou W. Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone-the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone Res 2018; 6:16. [PMID: 29844945 PMCID: PMC5967329 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin (SOST) that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influenceaA osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or "osteokines" from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin (OCN) secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain. We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiuling You
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Engineering in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone models for drug screening and predictive toxicology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29678192 PMCID: PMC5910611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of veritable in-vitro models of bone tissue is essential to understand the biology of bone and its surrounding environment, to analyze the pathogenesis of bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, etc.), to develop effective therapeutic drug screening, and to test potential therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated interactions between vasculature and bone cells are often related to the aforementioned pathologies, underscoring the need for a bone model that contains engineered vasculature. Due to ethical restraints and limited prediction power of animal models, human stem cell-based tissue engineering has gained increasing relevance as a candidate approach to overcome the limitations of animals and to serve as preclinical models for drug testing. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, the concomitant development of vasculature and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenic and endothelial precursors. A number of experimental approaches have been used to achieve this goal, such as the combination of angiogenic factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, prevascularization strategies, and coculture systems. In this review, we present an overview of the current models and approaches to generate in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone, with emphasis on the main challenges of vasculature engineering. These challenges are related to the choice of biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, and cells, as well as the type of culturing conditions required, and specifically the application of dynamic culture systems using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo, 90133 Italy
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
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Costa V, Raimondi L, Conigliaro A, Salamanna F, Carina V, De Luca A, Bellavia D, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1Α may regulate the commitment of mesenchymal stromal cells toward angio-osteogenesis by mirna-675-5P. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1412-1425. [PMID: 29111380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS During bone formation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are regulated by hypoxia, which is able to induce blood vessel formation, as well as recruit and differentiate human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). The molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α response and hMSC differentiation during bone formation are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic role of hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic microRNA miR-675-5p in angiogenesis response and osteo-chondroblast commitment of hMSCs. METHODS By using a suitable in vitro cell model of hMSCs (maintained in hypoxia or normoxia), the role of HIF-1α and miR-675-5p in angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling was investigated, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), gene expression and protein analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia induced miR-675-5p expression and a hypoxia-angiogenic response, as demonstrated by increase in vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA and protein release. MiR-675-5p overexpression in normoxia promoted the down-regulation of MSC markers and the up-regulation of osteoblast and chondroblast markers, as demonstrated by FACS and protein analysis. Moreover, miR-675-5p depletion in a low-oxygen condition partially abolished the hypoxic response, including angiogenesis, and in particular restored the MSC phenotype, demonstrated by cytofluorimetric analysis. In addition, current preliminary data suggest that the expression of miR-675-5p during hypoxia plays an additive role in sustaining Wnt/β-catenin pathways and the related commitment of hMSCs during bone ossification. DISCUSSION MiR-675-5p may trigger complex molecular mechanisms that promote hMSC osteoblastic differentiation through a dual strategy: increasing HIF-1α response and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Costa
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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Simultaneous visualisation of calcified bone microstructure and intracortical vasculature using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast-enhanced tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13289. [PMID: 29038597 PMCID: PMC5643345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D imaging of the bone vasculature is of key importance in the understanding of skeletal disease. As blood vessels in bone are deeply encased in the calcified matrix, imaging techniques that are applicable to soft tissues are generally difficult or impossible to apply to the skeleton. While canals in cortical bone can readily be identified and characterised in X-ray computed tomographic data in 3D, the soft tissue comprising blood vessels that are putatively contained within the canal structures does not provide sufficient image contrast necessary for image segmentation. Here, we report an approach that allows for rapid, simultaneous visualisation of calcified bone tissue and the vasculature within the calcified bone matrix. Using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast-enhanced tomography we show exemplar data with intracortical capillaries uncovered at sub-micrometre level without the need for any staining or contrast agent. Using the tibiofibular junction of 15 week-old C57BL/6 mice post mortem, we show the bone cortical porosity simultaneously along with the soft tissue comprising the vasculature. Validation with histology confirms that we can resolve individual capillaries. This imaging approach could be easily applied to other skeletal sites and transgenic models, and could improve our understanding of the role the vasculature plays in bone disease.
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Abstract
In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects of bone formation and provide niches for hematopoietic stem cells that reside within the bone marrow. In addition, recent studies have highlighted roles for blood vessels during bone healing. Here, we provide an overview of the architecture of the bone vasculature and discuss how blood vessels form within bone, how their formation is modulated, and how they function during development and fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster D-48149, Germany
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Serrat MA, Ion G. Imaging IGF-I uptake in growth plate cartilage using in vivo multiphoton microscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1101-1109. [PMID: 28798204 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00645.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones elongate through endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates located at ends of primary long bones. Linear growth ensues from a cascade of biochemical signals initiated by actions of systemic and local regulators on growth plate chondrocytes. Although cellular processes are well defined, there is a fundamental gap in understanding how growth regulators are physically transported from surrounding blood vessels into and through dense, avascular cartilage matrix. Intravital imaging using in vivo multiphoton microscopy is one promising strategy to overcome this barrier by quantitatively tracking molecular delivery to cartilage from the vasculature in real time. We previously used in vivo multiphoton imaging to show that hindlimb heating increases vascular access of large molecules to growth plates using 10-, 40-, and 70-kDa dextran tracers. To comparatively evaluate transport of similarly sized physiological regulators, we developed and validated methods for measuring uptake of biologically active IGF-I into proximal tibial growth plates of live 5-wk-old mice. We demonstrate that fluorescently labeled IGF-I (8.2 kDa) is readily taken up in the growth plate and localizes to chondrocytes. Bioactivity tests performed on cultured metatarsal bones confirmed that the labeled protein is functional, assessed by phosphorylation of its signaling kinase, Akt. This methodology, which can be broadly applied to many different proteins and tissues, is relevant for understanding factors that affect delivery of biologically relevant molecules to the skeleton in real time. Results may lead to the development of drug-targeting strategies to treat a wide range of bone and cartilage pathologies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper describes and validates a novel method for imaging transport of biologically active, fluorescently labeled IGF-I into skeletal growth plates of live mice using multiphoton microscopy. Cellular patterns of fluorescence in the growth plate were completely distinct from our prior publications using biologically inert probes, demonstrating for the first time in vivo localization of IGF-I in chondrocytes and perichondrium. These results form important groundwork for future studies aimed at targeting therapeutics into growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Serrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Gabriela Ion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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40
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Schwartz AV. Diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents: clinical outcomes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1170-1179. [PMID: 28451714 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Older adults with diabetes are at higher risk of fracture and of complications resulting from a fracture. Hence, fracture risk reduction is an important goal in diabetes management. This review is one of a pair discussing the relationship between diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents; an accompanying review is provided in this issue of Diabetologia by Beata Lecka-Czernik (DOI 10.1007/s00125-017-4269-4 ). Specifically, this review discusses the challenges of accurate fracture risk assessment in diabetes. Standard tools for risk assessment can be used to predict fracture but clinicians need to be aware of the tendency for the bone mineral density T-score and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) to underestimate risk in those with diabetes. Diabetes duration, complications and poor glycaemic control are useful clinical markers of increased fracture risk. Glucose-lowering agents may also affect fracture risk, independent of their effects on glycaemic control, as seen with the negative skeletal effects of the thiazolidinediones; in this review, the potential effects of glucose-lowering medications on fracture risk are discussed. Finally, the current understanding of effective fracture prevention in older adults with diabetes is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Aref MW, Akans E, Allen MR. Assessment of regional bone tissue perfusion in rats using fluorescent microspheres. Bone Rep 2017; 6:140-144. [PMID: 28480318 PMCID: PMC5415548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in bone blood flow have been shown to have deleterious effects on bone properties yet there remain many unanswered questions about skeletal perfusion in health and disease, partially due to the complexity of measurement methodologies. The goal of this study was use fluorescent microspheres in rats to assess regional bone perfusion by adapting mouse-specific fluorescent microsphere protocol. Ten fifteen-week old Sprague Dawley rats were injected with fluorescent microspheres either via cardiac injection (n = 5) or via tail vein injection (n = 5). Femora and tibiae were harvested and processed to determine tissue fluorescence density (TFD) which is proportional to the number of spheres trapped in the tissue capillaries. Right and left total femoral TFD (2.77 ± 0.38 and 2.70 ± 0.24, respectively) and right and left tibial TFD (1.11 ± 0.26 and 1.08 ± 0.34, respectively) displayed bilateral symmetry in flow when assessed in cardiac injected animals. Partitioning of the bone perfusion into three segments along the length of the bone showed the distal femur and proximal tibia received the greatest amount of perfusion within their respective bones. Tail vein injection resulted in unacceptably low TFD levels in the tibia from 4 of the 5 animals. In conclusion this report demonstrates the viability of cardiac injection of fluorescent microspheres to assess bone tissue perfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad W. Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Hinton PS. Role of reduced insulin-stimulated bone blood flow in the pathogenesis of metabolic insulin resistance and diabetic bone fragility. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wei X, Zhao D, Wang B, Wang W, Kang K, Xie H, Liu B, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang Z. Tantalum coating of porous carbon scaffold supplemented with autologous bone marrow stromal stem cells for bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:592-602. [PMID: 26843518 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216629578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum metal with low elastic modulus is similar to cancellous bone. Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) can provide three-dimensional pore structure and serves as the ideal scaffold of tantalum coating. In this study, the biocompatibility of domestic porous tantalum was first successfully tested with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and for bone tissue repair in vivo. We evaluated cytotoxicity of RVC scaffold and tantalum coating using BMSCs. The morphology, adhesion, and proliferation of BMSCs were observed via laser scanning confocal microscope and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, porous tantalum rods with or without autologous BMSCs were implanted on hind legs in dogs, respectively. The osteogenic potential was observed by hard tissue slice examination. At three weeks and six weeks following implantation, new osteoblasts and new bone were observed at the tantalum-host bone interface and pores. At 12 weeks postporous tantalum with autologous BMSCs implantation, regenerated trabecular equivalent to mature bone was found in the pore of tantalum rods. Our results suggested that domestic porous tantalum had excellent biocompatibility and could promote new bone formation in vivo. Meanwhile, the osteogenesis of porous tantalum associated with autologous BMSCs was more excellent than only tantalum implantation. Future clinical studies are warranted to verify the clinical efficacy of combined implantation of this domestic porous tantalum associated with autologous BMSCs implantation and compare their efficacy with conventional autologous bone grafting carrying blood vessel in patients needing bone repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Alternative Therapeutic Agent in Orthopaedics. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5802529. [PMID: 26904130 PMCID: PMC4745815 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5802529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the field of regenerative medicine, many have sought to use stem cells as a promising way to heal human tissue; however, in the past few years, exosomes (packaged vesicles released from cells) have shown more exciting promise. Specifically, stem cell-derived exosomes have demonstrated great ability to provide therapeutical benefits. Exosomal products can include miRNA, other genetic products, proteins, and various factors. They are released from cells in a paracrine fashion in order to combat local cellular stress. Because of this, there are vast benefits that medicine can obtain from stem cell-derived exosomes. If exosomes could be extracted from stem cells in an efficient manner and packaged with particular regenerative products, then diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bone fractures, and other maladies could be treated with cell-free regenerative medicine via exosomes. Many advances must be made to get to this point, and the following review highlights the current advances of stem cell-derived exosomes with particular attention to regenerative medicine in orthopaedics.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes affects an increasing proportion of older adults, the population that is also at elevated risk of fracture. Type 2 diabetes itself increases the risk of fracture, particularly in African-American and Latino populations. In Western countries, overweight and obesity, associated with reduced fracture risk, are highly prevalent in diabetic patients. Studies in East Asian countries that have a lower prevalence of obesity with diabetes may help to disentangle the effects of diabetes and obesity on the skeleton. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with higher bone density, and as a result standard tools for fracture prediction tend to underestimate fracture risk in this population, an important challenge for risk assessment in the clinical setting. Contributing factors to the increased fracture risk in type 2 diabetes include more frequent falls and deficits in diabetic bone, not captured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), that are as yet not clearly understood. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that poor glycemic control contributes to increased fracture risk although intensive lowering of A1C is not effective in preventing fracture. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Bone and diabetes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Carulli C, Nistri L, Bracco L, Giannini M, Amato MP. A steroid-induced bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head in an underage patient affected by multiple sclerosis. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM 2015; 12:257-9. [PMID: 26811707 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis are often treated by pulsed intravenous corticosteroids to manage acute relapses with positive outcomes. The intravenous administration is frequently associated to avascular necrosis of several bones, particularly the femur. The present report regards a case of an underage MS patient with a bilateral ANFH secondary to pulsed administrations of steroids, managed by a conservative approach on a hip, and by a novel surgical technique on the contralateral side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carulli
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nistri
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Bracco
- Neurologic Unit, Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Giannini
- Neurologic Unit, Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Amato
- Neurologic Unit, Department NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Etxebarria-Foronda I, Carpintero P. An atypical fracture in male patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM 2015; 12:278-81. [PMID: 26811713 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
So-called atypical fractures have been related to prolonged treatment with bisphosphonates. Although there remain unanswered questions with respect to their etiology and physiopathology, it does appear to be a causal relationship. There are many references in the literature about this problem in patients in whom these drugs have been used to treat osteoporosis, but few reports in patients who have received this therapy for the management of osteogenesis imperfecta. The Authors describe a case of a young male patient with osteogenesis imperfecta with a number of historical fractures, and who received treatment with these drugs, initially parenterally and subsequently orally, presenting as a complication of the treatment, an atypical diaphyseal femoral fracture. The characteristics of the fracture are consistent with the updated diagnostic criteria of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. The clinical case, its treatment, both surgically and metabolically with teriparatide, and its development over a year, are analysed. The case is notable for, on the one hand, the significance of the presence of this type of fracture in a young patient with this disease, and on the other, because of the administration of teriparatide outside its established clinical indications, with twin objectives: to improve the bone structure of the patient's underlying disease, and to counteract the harmful effects which bisphosphonates may have on this bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carpintero
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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White SL, Jacob A, Gregson C, Bhalla A. Severe polyarthritis secondary to zolendronic acid: a case report and literature review. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM 2015; 12:69-74. [PMID: 26136802 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.1.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous zolendronic acid is an established anti-resorptive treatment for post-menopausal osteoporosis and is usually well tolerated. Common side effects, including the classical 'acute phase response', are consented for prior to treatment. However, rare but serious adverse reactions to zolendronic acid have been described. We report the case of an older patient with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis who presented within 12 hours of her first zolendronic acid infusion with evidence of a severe acute polyarthritis affecting her peripheral appendicular skeleton, in joints affected by pre-existing osteoarthritis. Despite the prevalence of osteoarthritis, this is the most severe case of polyarthritis following intravenous zolendronic acid to date and only the second reported case. We remind prescribing physicians treating patients with intravenous bisphosphonates, to bear in mind possible rare serious adverse reactions as well as common benign side effects. We postulate age-associated frailty may reduce tolerability to even milder acute phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise White
- Consultant Geriatrician, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Alyssa Jacob
- Foundation Year 2 Trainee, Department of Medicine, Yeovil District Hospital, NHS Foundation, Yeovil, Somerset, UK
| | - Celia Gregson
- Consultant Senior Lecturer and Orthogeriatrician, University of Bristol Musculoskeletal Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol & Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Ashok Bhalla
- Consultant Rheumatologist and Medical Director Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath & Senior Honorary Lecturer at the University of Bath, Bath, UK
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