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Maqsood S, Ansari SH, Mushtaq M, Abbas A, Waryah AM, Haq ZU. Molecular pathology and computational profiling of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: insights from a Pakistani cohort. Lab Med 2024:lmae071. [PMID: 39158980 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAK2 mutation plays a clinically significant role in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by enhancing its oncogenicity. The study aimed to characterize the molecular pathology and computational profile of the JAK2 mutation in an ALL cohort of Pakistani origin. METHODS Ninety-three patients were enrolled in the current study. The disease diagnosis was confirmed via flow cytometry and karyotyping of bone marrow aspirate/blood. For the identification of causative gene variations and assessment of their potential impact, the JAK2 gene underwent direct sequencing and predictive computational and in silico structural analysis, respectively. RESULTS JAK2 mutations were detected in 10 (11%) patients. All mutations were missense with 1 being frameshift. Most mutations showed a similar pattern to the wild type but p.N673H+p.V674L+p.C675W (AAD699), p.V674F (AAD704), and p.V674L (AAD705) exhibited statistically significant stability loss. The triple mutation displayed reduced stability both globally and locally. CONCLUSION The pattern of gene defects in JAK2 in the studied cohort showed a disruption in proper folding behavior, evident from increased gyration values, resulting in the hypothesis that these mutations may cause structural alterations in the JAK2 protein that lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Maqsood
- Clinical Research Department, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Hussain Ansari
- Clinical Research Department, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mamona Mushtaq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Abbas
- HEJ, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Medical Research Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul- Haq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Andole S, Thumma G, Alavala RR, Gangarapu K. Field-based 3D-QSAR for tyrosine protein kinase JAK-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5321-5333. [PMID: 37409931 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to develop a Field-based 3D-QSAR model with existing JAK-2 inhibitors. The JAK-STAT pathway is known to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Dysregulation of JAK-STAT is also linked to the development of myelofibrosis and other myeloproliferative diseases. JAK antagonists can be used in many areas of medicine. There are many compounds that already show inhibition of Jak-2. We have developed a Field-based 3D QSAR model which showed good correlation values (r2 0.884 and q2 0.67) with an external test set regression pred_r2 0.562. Various properties, such as electronegativity, electro positivity, hydrophobicity, and shape features, were studied under the activity atlas to determine the inhibitory potential of ligands. These were also identified as important structural features responsible for biological activity. We performed virtual screening based on the pharmacophore features of the co-crystal ligand (PDB ID: 3KRR) and a dataset of NPS was selected with a RMSD value less than 0.8. The developed 3D QSAR model was used to screen ligands and calculate the predicted JAK-2 inhibition activity (pKi). The results of the virtual screening were validated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. SNP1 (SN00154718) and SNP2 (SN00213825) showed binding affinity of -11.16 and -11.08 kcal/mol, respectively, which were very close to the crystal ligand of 3KRR, -11.67 kcal/mol. The RMSD plot of the protein-ligand complex of SNP1 and 3KRR showed stable interactions with an average RMSD of 2.89 Å. Thus, a statistically robust 3D QSAR model could reveal more inhibitors and aid in the design of novel JAK-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Andole
- School of Pharamcy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gouthami Thumma
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Gangarapu
- School of Pharamcy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ziętara KJ, Wróblewska K, Zajączkowska M, Taczała J, Lejman M. The Role of the JAK-STAT Pathway in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6844. [PMID: 38999955 PMCID: PMC11241568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia is a hematologic neoplasm that poses a serious health concern in childhood. Genetic aberrations, such as mutations in the genes IL-7, IL7R, JAK1, JAK2, TLSP, CRLF2, and KTM2A or gene fusions involving BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1, and PAX5::JAK2, often correlate with the onset of this disease. These aberrations can lead to malfunction of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is implicated in various important biological processes, including those related to immunology. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the malfunction of the JAK-STAT pathway holds potential for research on drugs targeting its components. Available drugs that interfere with the JAK-STAT pathway include fludarabine, ruxolitinib, and fedratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Kinga Wróblewska
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Monika Zajączkowska
- Student Scientific Society, Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Joanna Taczała
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Panda SP, Kesharwani A, Datta S, Prasanth DSNBK, Panda SK, Guru A. JAK2/STAT3 as a new potential target to manage neurodegenerative diseases: An interactive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176490. [PMID: 38492876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a collection of incapacitating disorders in which neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis are major pathological consequences due to oxidative stress. Neuroinflammation manifests in the impacted cerebral areas as a result of pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulating the Janus Kinase2 (JAK2)/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription3 (STAT3) pathway via neuronal cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokines bind to their respective receptor in the neuronal cells and allow activation of JAK2. Activated JAK2 phosphorylates tyrosines on the intracellular domains of the receptor which recruit the STAT3 transcription factor. The neuroinflammation issues are exacerbated by the active JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in conjunction with additional transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Neuronal apoptosis is a natural process made worse by persistent neuroinflammation and immunological responses via caspase-3 activation. The dysregulation of micro-RNA (miR) expression has been observed in the consequences of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis-associated gene amplification may be caused by dysregulated miR-mediated aberrant phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway components. Therefore, JAK2/STAT3 is an attractive therapeutic target for NDDs. Numerous synthetic and natural small molecules as JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors have therapeutic advances against a wide range of diseases, and many are now in human clinical studies. This review explored the interactive role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling system with key pathological factors during the reinforcement of NDDs. Also, the clinical trial data provides reasoning evidence about the possible use of JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors to abate neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samaresh Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Birbhum Pharmacy School, Sadaipur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - D S N B K Prasanth
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Polepally SEZ, TSIIC, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad, 509301, India
| | | | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Gribbin C, Yasmin A, Gallagher P. Chorea and polycythaemia vera. Pract Neurol 2024; 24:134-136. [PMID: 37891000 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2023-003739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We report two patients with chorea associated with polycythaemia vera, in whom the haematocrit and haemoglobin were within the reference range. Polycythaemia vera is potentially easily treatable and so is important to consider in people developing late-onset chorea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Gribbin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arshi Yasmin
- Department of Haematology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK
| | - Paul Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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Abraham BG, Haikarainen T, Vuorio J, Girych M, Virtanen AT, Kurttila A, Karathanasis C, Heilemann M, Sharma V, Vattulainen I, Silvennoinen O. Molecular basis of JAK2 activation in erythropoietin receptor and pathogenic JAK2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2097. [PMID: 38457493 PMCID: PMC10923518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mediates type I/II cytokine receptor signaling, but JAK2 is also activated by somatic mutations that cause hematological malignancies by mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Quantitative superresolution microscopy (qSMLM) showed that erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) exists as monomers and dimerizes upon Epo stimulation or through the predominant JAK2 pseudokinase domain mutations (V617F, K539L, and R683S). Crystallographic analysis complemented by kinase activity analysis and atomic-level simulations revealed distinct pseudokinase dimer interfaces and activation mechanisms for the mutants: JAK V617F activity is driven by dimerization, K539L involves both increased receptor dimerization and kinase activity, and R683S prevents autoinhibition and increases catalytic activity and drives JAK2 equilibrium toward activation state through a wild-type dimer interface. Artificial intelligence-guided modeling and simulations revealed that the pseudokinase mutations cause differences in the pathogenic full-length JAK2 dimers, particularly in the FERM-SH2 domains. A detailed molecular understanding of mutation-driven JAK2 hyperactivation may enable novel therapeutic approaches to selectively target pathogenic JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teemu Haikarainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joni Vuorio
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina T. Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kurttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Jiang H, Yang J, Li T, Wang X, Fan Z, Ye Q, Du Y. JAK/STAT3 signaling in cardiac fibrosis: a promising therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1336102. [PMID: 38495094 PMCID: PMC10940489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1336102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious health problem because it is a common pathological change in almost all forms of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into cardiac myofibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by activated myofibroblasts, which leads to fibrotic scar formation and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. However, there are currently few effective therapeutic strategies protecting against fibrogenesis. This lack is largely because the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear despite extensive research. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade is an extensively present intracellular signal transduction pathway and can regulate a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Various upstream mediators such as cytokines, growth factors and hormones can initiate signal transmission via this pathway and play corresponding regulatory roles. STAT3 is a crucial player of the JAK/STAT pathway and its activation is related to inflammation, malignant tumors and autoimmune illnesses. Recently, the JAK/STAT3 signaling has been in the spotlight for its role in the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis and its activation can promote the proliferation and activation of CFs and the production of ECM proteins, thus leading to cardiac fibrosis. In this manuscript, we discuss the structure, transactivation and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and review recent progress on the role of this pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we summarize the current challenges and opportunities of targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling for the treatment of fibrosis. In summary, the information presented in this article is critical for comprehending the role of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in cardiac fibrosis, and will also contribute to future research aimed at the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfei Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wlassits R, Müller M, Fenzl KH, Lamprecht T, Erlacher L. JAK-Inhibitors - A Story of Success and Adverse Events. Open Access Rheumatol 2024; 16:43-53. [PMID: 38435420 PMCID: PMC10906274 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s436637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory condition. Treatments options encompass conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFis) and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) including Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs). Orally administered JAKinibs have demonstrated comparable or, in specific cases, superior efficacy compared to bDMARDs in inflammatory conditions. However, the escalating clinical utilization has been accompanied by the emergence of serious adverse effects, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE), malignancies and venous thrombotic episodes (VTE), leading to regulatory restrictions imposed by health authorities in both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wlassits
- Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department für Biomedizinische Wissenschaften, Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl H Fenzl
- Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lamprecht
- Ludwig Erlacher, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Erlacher
- Ludwig Erlacher, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
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Yu T, Yan J, Wang R, Zhang L, Hu X, Xu J, Li F, Sun Q. Integrative Multiomics Profiling Unveils the Protective Function of Ulinastatin against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:214. [PMID: 38397811 PMCID: PMC10886110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with multiple pathogeneses. Here, we aimed to study the therapeutic role of ulinastatin (UTI), an anti-inflammatory bioagent, and its associated mechanisms in treating colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium was administrated to induce colitis in mice, and a subgroup of colitis mice was treated with UTI. The gut barrier defect and inflammatory manifestations of colitis were determined via histological and molecular experiments. In addition, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics were employed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of UTI. We found that UTI significantly alleviated the inflammatory manifestations and intestinal barrier damage in the mice with colitis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed a correlation between the UTI treatment and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. UTI up-regulated the expression of SOCS1, which subsequently inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, thus limiting the action of inflammatory mediators. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing illustrated that UTI maintained a more stable intestinal flora, protecting the gut from dysbiosis in colitis. Moreover, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that UTI indeed facilitated the production of some bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, which supported intestinal homeostasis. Our data provide evidence that UTI is effective in treating colitis and support the potential use of UTI treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiake Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
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Taha M, Elazab ST, Abdelbagi O, Saati AA, Babateen O, Baokbah TAS, Qusty NF, Mahmoud ME, Ibrahim MM, Badawy AM. Phytochemical analysis of Origanum majorana L. extract and investigation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects against experimentally induced colitis downregulating Th17 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116826. [PMID: 37348796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Origanum majorana L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is commonly used in Egyptian cuisine as a seasoning and flavor enhancer. It is also recognized as a well-known traditional medicine in Egypt and is widely used for treating abdominal colic due to its antispasmodic properties. However, the protective effects of Origanum majorana L. against ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the biologically active components present in methanol extracts of Origanum majorana L. using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Additionally, it aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of these extracts on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract obtained from Origanum majorana L. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study and divided into four experimental groups, with eight rats in each group: sham, UC, UC + O. majorana, and UC sulfasalazine. After euthanizing the rats, colon tissue samples were collected for gross and microscopic examinations, assessment of oxidative stress, and molecular evaluation. GC-MS analysis identified 15 components in the extracts. Pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract and sulfasalazine significantly improved the disease activity index (DAI) and resulted in notable improvements in macroscopic and microscopic colon findings. Additionally, both treatments demonstrated preventive effects against colonic oxidative damage by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of the antioxidant systems superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), which operate through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, these treatments downregulated the colonic inflammatory cascade by inhibiting NFκB, TNFα, IL-1β, IL6, IL23, IL17, COX-2, and iNOS, subsequently leading to downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and a decrease in the Th17 cell response. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of apoptotic epithelial cells that expressed caspase-3 was observed. CONCLUSION pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract significantly ameliorated acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. This effect could be attributed to the protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Al- Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudhah, 28814, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Omer Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Makka, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Saati
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Babateen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tourki A S Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, 28814, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem F Qusty
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Mahmoud
- Histology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34711, Egypt
| | - Mohie Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Badawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Xi Y, Wen R, Zhang R, Dong Q, Hou S, Zhang S. Genetic evidence supporting a causal role of Janus kinase 2 in prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging Male 2023; 26:2257300. [PMID: 37706641 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2257300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) inhibitors are now being tried in basic research and clinical practice in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between JAK2 and PCa has not been uniformly described. Here, we examined the cause-effect relation between JAK2 and PCa. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetic variation data of JAK2, PCa from IEU OpenGWAS Project was performed by inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Cochran's Q heterogeneity test and MR-Egger multiplicity analysis were performed to normalize the MR analysis results to reduce the effect of bias on the results. RESULTS Five instrumental variables were identified for further MR analysis. Specifically, combining the inverse variance-weighted (OR: 1.0009, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0015, p = 0.02) and weighted median (OR: 1.0009, 95% CI: 1.0000-1.0017, p = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity (p = 0.448) and horizontal multiplicity (p = 0.770) among the instrumental variables. CONCLUSIONS We found JAK2 was associated with the development of PCa and was a risk factor for PCa, which might be instructive for the use of JAK2 inhibitors in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Rui Wen
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Qirui Dong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Sijia Hou
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Torres DG, Barbosa Alves EV, Araújo de Sousa M, Laranjeira WH, Paes J, Alves E, Canté D, Costa AG, Malheiro A, Abreu R, Nascimento L, Fraiji NA, Silva GA, Mourão LPDS, Tarragô AM. Molecular landscape of the JAK2 gene in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm patients from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:98. [PMID: 37954635 PMCID: PMC10633817 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2V617F (dbSNP: rs77375493) is the most frequent and most-studied variant in BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and in the JAK2 gene. The present study aimed to molecularly characterize variants in the complete coding region of the JAK2 gene in patients with BCR::ABL1 negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. The study included 97 patients with BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera (n=38), essential thrombocythemia (n=55), and myelofibrosis (n=04). Molecular evaluation was performed using conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing to detect variants in the complete coding region of the JAK2 gene. The presence of missense variants in the JAK2 gene including rs907414891, rs2230723, rs77375493 (JAK2V617F), and rs41316003 were identified. The coexistence of variants was detected in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Thus, individuals with high JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (≥50% VAF) presented more thrombo-hemorrhagic events and manifestations of splenomegaly compared with those with low JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (<50% VAF). In conclusion, individuals with BCR::ABL1 negative neoplasms can display >1 variant in the JAK2 gene, especially rs2230722, rs2230724, and rs77375493 variants, and those with high JAK2V617F VAF show alterations in the clinical-laboratory profile compared with those with low JAK2V617F VAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania G. Torres
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Central America, Managua 14003, Nicaragua
| | - Emanuela V. Barbosa Alves
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Miliane Araújo de Sousa
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Wanessa H. Laranjeira
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Jhemerson Paes
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Erycka Alves
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Deborah Canté
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Allyson G. Costa
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69067-005, Brazil
- Manaus School of Nursing, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69057-070, Brazil
- Amazon Genomic Health Surveillance Network Coordination, Manaus, Amazonas State 69040-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69067-005, Brazil
- Amazon Genomic Health Surveillance Network Coordination, Manaus, Amazonas State 69040-010, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Abreu
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Leny Nascimento
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - Nelson A. Fraiji
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
| | - George A.V. Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Amazon Genomic Health Surveillance Network Coordination, Manaus, Amazonas State 69040-010, Brazil
- Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Amazonas State 69027-070, Brazil
| | - Lucivana P. de Souza Mourão
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas State 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Andréa M. Tarragô
- Post-graduate Program in Sciences Applied to Hematology, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas State 69850-001, Brazil
- Board of Teaching and Research, Hospital Foundation for Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69050-001, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas State 69067-005, Brazil
- Amazon Genomic Health Surveillance Network Coordination, Manaus, Amazonas State 69040-010, Brazil
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Nair PC, Piehler J, Tvorogov D, Ross DM, Lopez AF, Gotlib J, Thomas D. Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:352-364. [PMID: 37498362 PMCID: PMC10472187 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 have been in demand since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation present in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); however, the structural basis of V617F oncogenicity has only recently been elucidated. New structural studies reveal a role for other JAK2 domains, beyond the kinase domain, that contribute to pathogenic signaling. Here we evaluate the structure-based approaches that led to recently-approved type I JAK2 inhibitors (fedratinib and pacritinib), as well as type II (BBT594 and CHZ868) and pseudokinase inhibitors under development (JNJ7706621). With full-length JAK homodimeric structures now available, superior selective and mutation-specific JAK2 inhibitors are foreseeable. SIGNIFICANCE The JAK inhibitors currently used for the treatment of MPNs are effective for symptom management but not for disease eradication, primarily because they are not strongly selective for the mutant clone. The rise of computational and structure-based drug discovery approaches together with the knowledge of full-length JAK dimer complexes provides a unique opportunity to develop better targeted therapies for a range of conditions driven by pathologic JAK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C. Nair
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David M. Ross
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angel F. Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Hu M, Liu R, Li J, Zhang L, Cao J, Yue M, Zhong D, Tang R. Clinical features and prognosis of pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia with JAK-STAT pathway genetic abnormalities: a case series. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2445-2457. [PMID: 37209119 PMCID: PMC10199427 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) harboring JAK-STAT signaling pathway genetic abnormalities. This retrospective case series examined the clinical data of pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL harboring JAK-STAT pathway genetic abnormality at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics between January 2016 and January 2022. Bone marrow next-generation sequencing was used to reveal the JAK pathway abnormalities. Descriptive statistics were used. From 432 children with ALL during the study period, eight had JAK-STAT pathway genetic abnormalities. Regarding immunotyping, there were four patients with common-B cell types and one with pre-B cell type. The three patients with T-ALL had early T-cell precursor(ETP) type, pre-T cell type, and T cell type. Gene mutations were more common than fusion genes. There was no central nervous system involvement in eight patients. All patients were considered at least at intermediate risk before treatments. Four patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One child had a comprehensive relapse and died. The child had a severe infection and could not tolerate high-intensity chemotherapy. Another child relapsed 2 years after HSCT and died. Disease-free survival was achieved in six children. JAK-STAT pathway genetic abnormalities in pediatric Ph-like ALL are rare. Special attention should be paid to treatment-related complications, such as infection and combination therapy (chemotherapy, small molecule targeted drugs, immunotherapy, etc.) to reduce treatment-related death and improve long-term quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Hu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Dixiao Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ruihong Tang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
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15
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Henry SP, Jorgensen WL. Progress on the Pharmacological Targeting of Janus Pseudokinases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10959-10990. [PMID: 37578217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAKs) are key components of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and are involved in myriad physiological processes. Though they are the molecular targets of many FDA-approved drugs, these drugs manifest adverse effects due in part to their inhibition of the requisite JAK kinase activity. However, the JAKs uniquely possess an integrated pseudokinase domain (JH2) that regulates the adjacent kinase domain (JH1). The therapeutic targeting of JH2 domains has been less thoroughly explored and may present an avenue to modulate the JAKs without the adverse effects associated with targeting the adjacent JH1 domain. The potential of this strategy was recently demonstrated with the FDA approval of the TYK2 JH2 ligand deucravacitinib for treating plaque psoriasis. In this light, the structure and targetability of the JAK pseudokinases are discussed, in conjunction with the state of development of ligands that bind to these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William L Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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16
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Hayes B, van der Geer P. STS-1 and STS-2, Multi-Enzyme Proteins Equipped to Mediate Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119214. [PMID: 37298164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STS-1 and STS-2 form a small family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of signal transduction by protein-tyrosine kinases. Both proteins are composed of a UBA domain, an esterase domain, an SH3 domain, and a PGM domain. They use their UBA and SH3 domains to modify or rearrange protein-protein interactions and their PGM domain to catalyze protein-tyrosine dephosphorylation. In this manuscript, we discuss the various proteins that have been found to interact with STS-1 or STS-2 and describe the experiments used to uncover their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92105, USA
| | - Peter van der Geer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92105, USA
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17
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Ojha AA, Srivastava A, Votapka LW, Amaro RE. Selectivity and Ranking of Tight-Binding JAK-STAT Inhibitors Using Markovian Milestoning with Voronoi Tessellations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2469-2482. [PMID: 37023323 PMCID: PMC10131228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAK), a group of proteins in the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTKs) family, play a crucial role in growth, survival, and angiogenesis. They are activated by cytokines through the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of a transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. JAK-STAT signaling pathways have significant roles in the regulation of cell division, apoptosis, and immunity. Identification of the V617F mutation in the Janus homology 2 (JH2) domain of JAK2 leading to myeloproliferative disorders has stimulated great interest in the drug discovery community to develop JAK2-specific inhibitors. However, such inhibitors should be selective toward JAK2 over other JAKs and display an extended residence time. Recently, novel JAK2/STAT5 axis inhibitors (N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amino derivatives) have displayed extended residence times (hours or longer) on target and adequate selectivity excluding JAK3. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the kinase-inhibitor interactions and advance the development of such inhibitors, we utilize a multiscale Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations (MMVT) approach within the Simulation-Enabled Estimation of Kinetic Rates v.2 (SEEKR2) program to rank order these inhibitors based on their kinetic properties and further explain the selectivity of JAK2 inhibitors over JAK3. Our approach investigates the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of JAK-inhibitor complexes in a user-friendly, fast, efficient, and accurate manner compared to other brute force and hybrid-enhanced sampling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Anand Ojha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ambuj Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lane William Votapka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rommie E Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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18
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Desikan H, Kaur A, Pogozheva ID, Raghavan M. Effects of calreticulin mutations on cell transformation and immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1032-1044. [PMID: 36916035 PMCID: PMC10098294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are cancers involving dysregulated production and function of myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells. Among MPNs, Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Myelofibrosis (MF), are driven by mutations that activate the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized lectin chaperone, are driver mutations in approximately 25% of ET and 35% of MF patients. The MPN-linked mutant CRT proteins have novel frameshifted carboxy-domain sequences and lack an ER retention motif, resulting in their secretion. Wild type CRT is a regulator of ER calcium homeostasis and plays a key role in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are the ligands for antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells. Mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of calcium signalling in cells and the formation of stable complexes of mutant CRT with myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, followed by downstream activation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. The intricate participation of CRT in ER protein folding, calcium homeostasis and immunity suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms of mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent findings related to the role of MPN-linked CRT mutations in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, MPL activation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Desikan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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19
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Richter K, Grau V. Signaling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mononuclear phagocytes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106727. [PMID: 36966897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are not only expressed by the nervous system and at the neuro-muscular junction but also by mononuclear phagocytes, which belong to the innate immune system. Mononuclear phagocyte is an umbrella term for monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells play pivotal roles in host defense against infection but also in numerous often debilitating diseases that are characterized by exuberant inflammation. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the neuronal type dominate in these cells, and their stimulation is mainly associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Although the cholinergic modulation of mononuclear phagocytes is of eminent clinical relevance for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and neuropathic pain, we are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms on the molecular level. The purpose of this review is to report and critically discuss the current knowledge on signal transduction mechanisms elicited by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Richter
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Veronika Grau
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Caveney NA, Saxton RA, Waghray D, Glassman CR, Tsutsumi N, Hubbard SR, Garcia KC. Structural basis of Janus kinase trans-activation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112201. [PMID: 36867534 PMCID: PMC10180219 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) mediate signal transduction downstream of cytokine receptors. Cytokine-dependent dimerization is conveyed across the cell membrane to drive JAK dimerization, trans-phosphorylation, and activation. Activated JAKs in turn phosphorylate receptor intracellular domains (ICDs), resulting in the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-family transcription factors. The structural arrangement of a JAK1 dimer complex with IFNλR1 ICD was recently elucidated while bound by stabilizing nanobodies. While this revealed insights into the dimerization-dependent activation of JAKs and the role of oncogenic mutations in this process, the tyrosine kinase (TK) domains were separated by a distance not compatible with the trans-phosphorylation events between the TK domains. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structure of a mouse JAK1 complex in a putative trans-activation state and expand these insights to other physiologically relevant JAK complexes, providing mechanistic insight into the crucial trans-activation step of JAK signaling and allosteric mechanisms of JAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A Saxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deepa Waghray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caleb R Glassman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stevan R Hubbard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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21
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Matza Porges S, Shamriz O. Genetics of Immune Dysregulation and Cancer Predisposition: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:114-127. [PMID: 36165533 PMCID: PMC9750831 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of cancers have a hereditary predisposition. However, no genetic diagnosis is available in 60%-80% of familial cancers. In some of these families, immune dysregulation-mediated disease is frequent. The immune system plays a critical role in identifying and eliminating tumors; thus, dysregulation of the immune system can increase the risk of developing cancer. This review focuses on some of the genes involved in immune dysregulation the promote the risk for cancer. Genetic counseling for patients with cancer currently focuses on known genes that raise the risk of cancer. In missing hereditary familial cases, the history family of immune dysregulation should be recorded, and genes related to the immune system should be analyzed in relevant families. On the other hand, patients with immune disorders diagnosed with a pathogenic mutation in an immune regulatory gene may have an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, those patients need to be under surveillance for cancer. Gene panel and exome sequencing are currently standard methods for genetic diagnosis, providing an excellent opportunity to jointly test cancer and immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Matza Porges
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Medical Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Kwon S. Molecular dissection of Janus kinases as drug targets for inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075192. [PMID: 36569926 PMCID: PMC9773558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family enzymes are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate cytokine receptors and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Considering that JAK-STAT signal transduction is initiated by the binding of ligands, such as cytokines to their receptors, dysfunctional JAKs in the JAK-STAT pathway can lead to severe immune system-related diseases, including autoimmune disorders. Therefore, JAKs are attractive drug targets to develop therapies that block abnormal JAK-STAT signaling. To date, various JAK inhibitors have been developed to block cytokine-triggered signaling pathways. However, kinase inhibitors have intrinsic limitations to drug selectivity. Moreover, resistance to the developed JAK inhibitors constitutes a recently emerging issue owing to the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations. In this review, we discuss the role of JAKs in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and analyze the structures of JAKs, along with their conformational changes for catalysis. In addition, the entire structure of the murine JAK1 elucidated recently provides information on an interaction mode for dimerization. Based on updated structural information on JAKs, we also discuss strategies for disrupting the dimerization of JAKs to develop novel JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghark Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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23
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Banerjee S, Chaturvedi R, Singh A, Kushwaha HR. Putting human Tid-1 in context: an insight into its role in the cell and in different disease states. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35854300 PMCID: PMC9297570 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (hTid-1) or DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3 (DNAJA3), is a part of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 40 family and is predominantly found to reside in the mitochondria. hTid-1 has two mRNA splicing variants, hTid-1S and hTid-1L of 40 and 43 kDa respectively in the cytosol which are later processed upon import into the mitochondrial matrix. hTid-1 protein is a part of the DnaJ family of proteins which are co-chaperones and specificity factors for DnaK proteins of the Hsp70 family, and bind to Hsp70, thereby activating its ATPase activity. hTid-1 has been found to be critical for a lot of important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, growth, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and movement and plays key roles in the embryo and skeletal muscle development.
Main body hTid-1 participates in several protein–protein interactions in the cell, which mediate different processes such as proteasomal degradation and autophagy of the interacting protein partners. hTid-1 also functions as a co-chaperone and participates in interactions with several different viral oncoproteins. hTid-1 also plays a critical role in different human diseases such as different cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion This review article is the first of its kind presenting consolidated information on the research findings of hTid-1 to date. This review suggests that the current knowledge of the role of hTid-1 in disorders like cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases can be correlated with the findings of its protein–protein interactions that can provide a deep insight into the pathways by which hTid-1 affects disease pathogenesis and it can be stated that hTid-1 may serve as an important therapeutic target for these disorders. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hemant R Kushwaha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Downes CEJ, McClure BJ, McDougal DP, Heatley SL, Bruning JB, Thomas D, Yeung DT, White DL. JAK2 Alterations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Molecular Insights for Superior Precision Medicine Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942053. [PMID: 35903543 PMCID: PMC9315936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, arising from immature lymphocytes that show uncontrolled proliferation and arrested differentiation. Genomic alterations affecting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) correlate with some of the poorest outcomes within the Philadelphia-like subtype of ALL. Given the success of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, the discovery of activating JAK2 point mutations and JAK2 fusion genes in ALL, was a breakthrough for potential targeted therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these alterations activate JAK2 and promote downstream signaling is poorly understood. Furthermore, as clinical data regarding the limitations of approved JAK inhibitors in myeloproliferative disorders matures, there is a growing awareness of the need for alternative precision medicine approaches for specific JAK2 lesions. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms behind ALL-associated JAK2 mutations and JAK2 fusion genes, known and potential causes of JAK-inhibitor resistance, and how JAK2 alterations could be targeted using alternative and novel rationally designed therapies to guide precision medicine approaches for these high-risk subtypes of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte EJ. Downes
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara J. McClure
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel P. McDougal
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L. Heatley
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John B. Bruning
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David T. Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Clayton, VIC, Australia
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25
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Rah B, Rather RA, Bhat GR, Baba AB, Mushtaq I, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Dar SB, Parveen S, Hassan R, Mohammad F, Qassim I, Bhat A, Ali S, Zargar MH, Afroze D. JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821344. [PMID: 35401182 PMCID: PMC8987160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and associated transcriptional factors such as STATs. STATs typically have a dual role when explored in the context of cancer. While several members of the STAT family are involved in malignancies, however, a few members which include STAT3 and STAT5 are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Other STAT members such as STAT1 and STAT2 are pivotal for antitumor defense and maintenance of an effective and long-term immune response through evolutionarily conserved programs. The effects of JAK/STAT signaling and the persistent activation of STATs in tumor cell survival; proliferation and invasion have made the JAK/STAT pathway an ideal target for drug development and cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the intricate JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of solid malignancies needs extensive research. A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.
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26
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Glassman CR, Tsutsumi N, Saxton RA, Lupardus PJ, Jude KM, Garcia KC. Structure of a Janus kinase cytokine receptor complex reveals the basis for dimeric activation. Science 2022; 376:163-169. [PMID: 35271300 PMCID: PMC9306331 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines signal through cell surface receptor dimers to initiate activation of intracellular Janus Kinases (JAKs). We report the 3.6-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of full-length JAK1 complexed with a cytokine receptor intracellular Box1/Box2 domain, captured as an activated homodimer bearing the Val→Phe (VF) mutation prevalent in myeloproliferative neoplasms. The seven domains of JAK1 form an extended structural unit whose dimerization is mediated by close-packed pseudokinase (PK) domains. The oncogenic VF mutation lies within the core of the JAK1 PK dimer interface, enhancing packing complementarity to facilitate ligand-independent activation. The C-terminal tyrosine kinase domains are poised to phosphorylate the receptor STAT-recruiting motifs projecting from the overhanging FERM-SH2 domains. Mapping of constitutively active JAK mutants supports a two-step allosteric activation mechanism and reveals new opportunities for selective therapeutic targeting of oncogenic JAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Glassman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A Saxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick J Lupardus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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27
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Wang R, Wang Y, Liao G, Chen B, Panettieri RA, Penn RB, Tang DD. Abi1 mediates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and airway remodeling via Jak2/STAT3 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:103833. [PMID: 35198891 PMCID: PMC8851273 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex pulmonary disorder with multiple pathological mechanisms. A key pathological feature of chronic asthma is airway remodeling, which is largely attributed to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia that contributes to thickening of the airway wall and further drives asthma pathology. The cellular processes that mediate ASM cell proliferation are not completely elucidated. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the adapter protein Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) is upregulated in ∼50% of ASM cell cultures derived from patients with asthma. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that Abi1 regulates the activation of Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) as well as the proliferation of both nonasthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cell cultures. These findings identify Abi1 as a molecular switch that activates Jak2 kinase and STAT3 in ASM cells and demonstrate that a dysfunctional Abi1-associated pathway contributes to the progression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dale D. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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28
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Karantanos T, Teodorescu P, Perkins B, Christodoulou I, Esteb C, Varadhan R, Helmenstine E, Rajkhowa T, Paun BC, Bonifant C, Dalton WB, Gondek LP, Moliterno AR, Levis MJ, Ghiaur G, Jones RJ. The role of the atypical chemokine receptor CCRL2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8952. [PMID: 35179961 PMCID: PMC8856621 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of new pathways supporting the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) primitive cells growth is required to develop targeted therapies. Within myeloid malignancies, men have worse outcomes than women, suggesting male sex hormone-driven effects in malignant hematopoiesis. Androgen receptor promotes the expression of five granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor-regulated genes. Among them, CCRL2 encodes an atypical chemokine receptor regulating cytokine signaling in granulocytes, but its role in myeloid malignancies is unknown. Our study revealed that CCRL2 is up-regulated in primitive cells from patients with MDS and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). CCRL2 knockdown suppressed MDS92 and MDS-L cell growth and clonogenicity in vitro and in vivo and decreased JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation. CCRL2 coprecipitated with JAK2 and potentiated JAK2-STAT interaction. Erythroleukemia cells expressing JAK2V617F showed less effect of CCRL2 knockdown, whereas fedratinib potentiated the CCRL2 knockdown effect. Conclusively, our results implicate CCRL2 as an MDS/sAML cell growth mediator, partially through JAK2/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandy Perkins
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilias Christodoulou
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Esteb
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins/Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Helmenstine
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trivikram Rajkhowa
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan C. Paun
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Challice Bonifant
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Brian Dalton
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukasz P. Gondek
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison R. Moliterno
- Division of Adult Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Mark J. Levis
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J. Jones
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Shahi A, Kahle J, Hopkins C, Diakonova M. The SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 target JAK2 to centrosome and regulate cell growth and centrosome amplification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261098. [PMID: 35089929 PMCID: PMC8797172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is cytokine-activated non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Although JAK2 is mainly localized at the plasma membrane, it is also present on the centrosome. In this study, we demonstrated that JAK2 localization to the centrosome depends on the SH2 domain and intact kinase activity. We created JAK2 mutants deficient in centrosomal localization ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E). We showed that JAK2 WT clone strongly enhances cell proliferation as compared to control cells while JAK2 clones ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E) proliferate slower than JAK2 WT cells. These mutant clones also progress much slower through the cell cycle as compared to JAK2 WT clone and the enhanced proliferation of JAK2 WT cells is accompanied by increased S -> G2 progression. Both the SH2 domain and the kinase activity of JAK2 play a role in prolactin-dependent activation of JAK2 substrate STAT5. We showed that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function as the SH2 domain of JAK2 regulates centrosome amplification. The cells overexpressing ΔSH2 and (ΔSH2, K-E) JAK2 have almost three-fold the amplified centrosomes of WT cells. In contrast, the kinase activity of JAK2 is dispensable for centrosome amplification. Our observations provide novel insight into the role of SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 in centrosome localization of JAK2 and in the regulation of cell growth and centrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashirwad Shahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Chandler Hopkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 Are Involved in the Development of Human Gallbladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020249. [PMID: 35207737 PMCID: PMC8875933 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gallbladder cancer is commonly associated with inflammation, which indicates that inflammation-related cytokines and cytokine receptors are related to the progression of gallbladder cancers. Interleukin 4 (IL4) is a well-known cytokine that promotes the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to T helper type 2 cells (Th2). IL13 is a cytokine that is secreted by Th2 cells. IL4 and IL13 are closely related in immune responses. However, the role of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 signaling pathway has not been fully understood in the development of gallbladder cancer. Methods: In human gallbladder carcinomas, the expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were evaluated with immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarray tissue sections. After knockdown of IL4Rα or IL13Rα1, cell assays to measure the proliferation and apoptosis and Western blotting analysis were conducted in SNU308 human gallbladder cancer cells. Since Janus kinases2 (JAK2) was considered as one of the down-stream kinases under IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 complex, the same kinds of experiments were performed in SNU308 cells treated with AZD1480, Janus-associated kinases2 (JAK2) inhibitor, to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of AZD1480 in SNU308 cells. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of IL4Rα was significantly associated with the expression of IL13Rα1 in human carcinoma tissue. In univariate analysis, nuclear expression of IL4Rα, cytoplasmic expression of IL4Rα, nuclear expression of IL13Rα1, and cytoplasmic expression of IL13Rα1 were significantly associated with shorter overall survival and shorter relapse-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed nuclear expression of IL4Rα as an independent poor prognostic indicator of overall survival and relapse-free survival. Then, we found that knockdown of IL4Rα or IL13Rα1 decreased viability and induced apoptosis in SNU308 cells via activation of FOXO3 and similarly, AZD1480 decreased viability and induced apoptosis in SNU308 cells with dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 might be involved in the development of human gallbladder cancer cells and IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 complex/JAK2 signaling pathway could be efficient therapeutic targets for gallbladder cancer treatment.
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31
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Functional characterization of NPM1-TYK2 fusion oncogene. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:3. [PMID: 35042970 PMCID: PMC8766497 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions are known to drive many human cancers. Therefore, the functional characterization of newly discovered fusions is critical to understanding the oncobiology of these tumors and to enable therapeutic development. NPM1–TYK2 is a novel fusion identified in CD30 + lymphoproliferative disorders, and here we present the functional evaluation of this fusion gene as an oncogene. The chimeric protein consists of the amino-terminus of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and the carboxyl-terminus of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), including the kinase domain. Using in vitro lymphoid cell transformation assays and in vivo tumorigenic xenograft models we present direct evidence that the fusion gene is an oncogene. NPM1 fusion partner provides the critical homodimerization needed for the fusion kinase constitutive activation and downstream signaling that are responsible for cell transformation. As a result, our studies identify NPM1–TYK2 as a novel fusion oncogene and suggest that inhibition of fusion homodimerization could be a precision therapeutic approach in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients expressing this chimera.
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32
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Gou P, Zhang W, Giraudier S. Insights into the Potential Mechanisms of JAK2V617F Somatic Mutation Contributing Distinct Phenotypes in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031013. [PMID: 35162937 PMCID: PMC8835324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of blood cancers in which the bone marrow (BM) produces an overabundance of erythrocyte, white blood cells, or platelets. Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPN has three subtypes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The over proliferation of blood cells is often associated with somatic mutations, such as JAK2, CALR, and MPL. JAK2V617F is present in 95% of PV and 50–60% of ET and PMF. Based on current molecular dynamics simulations of full JAK2 and the crystal structure of individual domains, it suggests that JAK2 maintains basal activity through self-inhibition, whereas other domains and linkers directly/indirectly enhance this self-inhibited state. Nevertheless, the JAK2V617F mutation is not the only determinant of MPN phenotype, as many normal individuals carry the JAK2V617F mutation without a disease phenotype. Here we review the major MPN phenotypes, JAK-STAT pathways, and mechanisms of development based on structural biology, while also describing the impact of other contributing factors such as gene mutation allele burden, JAK-STAT-related signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, immune responses, and lifestyle on different MPN phenotypes. The cross-linking of these elements constitutes a complex network of interactions and generates differences in individual and cellular contexts that determine the phenotypic development of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Gou
- Laboratoire UMRS-1131, Ecole doctorale 561, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Stephane Giraudier
- Laboratoire UMRS-1131, Ecole doctorale 561, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (S.G.)
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Dowling JW, Forero A. Beyond Good and Evil: Molecular Mechanisms of Type I and III IFN Functions. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:247-256. [PMID: 35017214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IFNs are comprised of three families of cytokines that confer protection against pathogen infection and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. The broad role IFNs play in innate and adaptive immune regulation has placed them under heavy scrutiny to position them as "friend" or "foe" across pathologies. Genetic lesions in genes involving IFN synthesis and signaling underscore the disparate outcomes of aberrant IFN signaling. Abrogation of the response leads to susceptibility to microbial infections whereas unabated IFN induction underlies a variety of inflammatory diseases and tumor immune evasion. Type I and III IFNs have overlapping roles in antiviral protection, yet the mechanisms by which they are induced and promote the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and inflammation can distinguish their biological functions. In this review, we examine the molecular factors that shape the shared and distinct roles of type I and III IFNs in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Dowling
- Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Phenformin increases early hematopoietic progenitors in the Jak2 V617F murine model. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:576-585. [PMID: 35015172 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are disorders characterized by an alteration at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) level, where the JAK2 mutation is the most common genetic alteration found in classic MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis). We and others previously demonstrated that metformin reduced splenomegaly and platelets counts in peripheral blood in JAK2V617F pre-clinical MPN models, which highlighted the antineoplastic potential of biguanides for MPN treatment. Phenformin is a biguanide that has been used to treat diabetes, but was withdrawn due to its potential to cause lactic acidosis in patients. AIMS We herein aimed to investigate the effects of phenformin in MPN disease burden and stem cell function in Jak2V617F-knockin MPN mice. RESULTS In vitro phenformin treatment reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in SET2 JAK2V67F cells. Long-term treatment with 40 mg/kg phenformin in Jak2V617F knockin mice increased the frequency of LSK, myeloid progenitors (MP), and multipotent progenitors (MPP) in the bone marrow. Phenformin treatment did not affect peripheral blood counts, spleen weight, megakaryocyte count, erythroid precursors frequency, or ex vivo clonogenic capacity. Ex vivo treatment of bone marrow cells from Jak2V617F knockin mice with phenformin did not affect hematologic parameters or engraftment in recipient mice. CONCLUSIONS Phenformin increased the percentages of LSK, MP, and MPP populations, but did not reduce disease burden in Jak2V617F-knockin mice. Additional studies are necessary to further understand the effects of phenformin on early hematopoietic progenitors.
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Qiu Z, Xu F, Wang Z, Yang P, Bu Z, Cheng F, Jiang H, Li L, Zhang F. Blockade of JAK2 signaling produces immunomodulatory effect to preserve pancreatic homeostasis in severe acute pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101133. [PMID: 34584986 PMCID: PMC8453217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT plays an important role in cytokine signal transduction and it is potentially involved in the proinflammatory response during the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, whether JAK2 activity is upregulated and whether JAK2 inhibition plays a role in the maintenance of pancreatic homeostasis during SAP is incompletely understood. Here we show that JAK2/STAT3 activity is highly elevated in SAP and blockade of JAK2 by AG-490 protects against SAP-induced pancreatic inflammation and injury. Gene expression and ELISA studies showed that JAK2 inhibition altered the cytokine profiles in both the circulation and pancreases. Further analysis revealed that JAK2 inhibition restored the level of cytokines critical for macrophage polarization towards M2 macrophage. Our findings suggest that pharmacological targeting at JAK2/STAT signalling may be an effective choice of therapeutic interventions against SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Bu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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IL-6 regulates autophagy and chemotherapy resistance by promoting BECN1 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3651. [PMID: 34131122 PMCID: PMC8206314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular cytokines are enriched in the tumor microenvironment and regulate various important properties of cancers, including autophagy. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the link between autophagy and extracellular cytokines remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that IL-6 activates autophagy through the IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 pathway and promotes chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mechanistically, IL-6 triggers the interaction between JAK2 and BECN1, where JAK2 phosphorylates BECN1 at Y333. We demonstrate that BECN1 Y333 phosphorylation is crucial for BECN1 activation and IL-6-induced autophagy by regulating PI3KC3 complex formation. Furthermore, we investigate BECN1 Y333 phosphorylation as a predictive marker for poor CRC prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. Combination treatment with autophagy inhibitors or pharmacological agents targeting the IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 signaling pathway may represent a potential strategy for CRC cancer therapy. IL-6 is an important cytokine in the tumour microenvironment, but its role in regulating autophagy in cancer cells is unclear. Here the authors show that IL-6 activates autophagy in colorectal cancer through the interaction between JAK2 and autophagy regulator, BECN1, which leads to chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Sperti M, Malavolta M, Ciniero G, Borrelli S, Cavaglià M, Muscat S, Tuszynski JA, Afeltra A, Margiotta DPE, Navarini L. JAK inhibitors in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: From a molecular perspective to clinical studies. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 104:107789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schmalohr BF, Mustafa AM, Krämer OH, Imhof D. Structural Insights into the Interaction of Heme with Protein Tyrosine Kinase JAK2*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:861-864. [PMID: 33103835 PMCID: PMC7984354 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is the most important signal-transducing tyrosine kinase in erythropoietic precursor cells. Its malfunction drives several myeloproliferative disorders. Heme is a small metal-ion-carrying molecule that is incorporated into hemoglobin in erythroid precursor cells to transport oxygen. In addition, heme is a signaling molecule and regulator of various biochemical processes. Here, we show that heme exposure leads to hyperphosphorylation of JAK2 in a myeloid cancer cell line. Two peptides identified in JAK2 are heme-regulatory motifs and show low-micromolar affinities for heme. These peptides map to the kinase domain of JAK2, which is essential for downstream signaling. We suggest these motifs to be the interaction sites of heme with JAK2, which drive the heme-induced hyperphosphorylation. The results presented herein could facilitate the development of heme-related pharmacological tools to combat myeloproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Franz Schmalohr
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and BioanalyticsPharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Al‐Hassan M. Mustafa
- University Medical Center MainzInstitute of ToxicologyObere Zahlbacher Straße 6755131MainzGermany
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- University Medical Center MainzInstitute of ToxicologyObere Zahlbacher Straße 6755131MainzGermany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and BioanalyticsPharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
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Janus Kinases in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040800. [PMID: 33672930 PMCID: PMC7918039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) transduce signals from dozens of extracellular cytokines and function as critical regulators of cell growth, differentiation, gene expression, and immune responses. Deregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is a central component in several human diseases including various types of leukemia and other malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Different types of leukemia harbor genomic aberrations in all four JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2), most of which are activating somatic mutations and less frequently translocations resulting in constitutively active JAK fusion proteins. JAKs have become important therapeutic targets and currently, six JAK inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of the current drugs is not optimal and the full potential of JAK modulators in leukemia is yet to be harnessed. This review discusses the deregulation of JAK-STAT signaling that underlie the pathogenesis of leukemia, i.e., mutations and other mechanisms causing hyperactive cytokine signaling, as well as JAK inhibitors used in clinic and under clinical development.
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40
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Davis RR, Li B, Yun SY, Chan A, Nareddy P, Gunawan S, Ayaz M, Lawrence HR, Reuther GW, Lawrence NJ, Schönbrunn E. Structural Insights into JAK2 Inhibition by Ruxolitinib, Fedratinib, and Derivatives Thereof. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2228-2241. [PMID: 33570945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that aberrant activity of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has led to significant efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors for this patient population. Ruxolitinib and fedratinib have been approved for use in MPN patients, while baricitinib, an achiral analogue of ruxolitinib, has been approved for rheumatoid arthritis. However, structural information on the interaction of these therapeutics with JAK2 remains unknown. Here, we describe a new methodology for the large-scale production of JAK2 from mammalian cells, which enabled us to determine the first crystal structures of JAK2 bound to these drugs and derivatives thereof. Along with biochemical and cellular data, the results provide a comprehensive view of the shape complementarity required for chiral and achiral inhibitors to achieve highest activity, which may facilitate the development of more effective JAK2 inhibitors as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Davis
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Baoli Li
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Sang Y Yun
- Chemical Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Alice Chan
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Pradeep Nareddy
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Steven Gunawan
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Chemical Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Chemical Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Gary W Reuther
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery DepartmentMoffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Wulansari N, Sulistio YA, Darsono WHW, Kim CH, Lee SH. LIF maintains mouse embryonic stem cells pluripotency by modulating TET1 and JMJD2 activity in a JAK2-dependent manner. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:750-760. [PMID: 33529470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The LIF-JAK2-STAT3 pathway is the central signal transducer that maintains undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which is achieved by the recruitment of activated STAT3 to the master pluripotency genes and activation of the gene transcriptions. It remains unclear, however, how the epigenetic status required for the master gene transcriptions is built into LIF-treated mESC cultures. In this study, Jak2, but not Stat3, in the LIF canonical pathway, establishes an open epigenetic status in the pluripotency gene promoter regions. Upon LIF activation, cytosolic JAK2 was translocalized into the nucleus of mESCs, and reduced DNA methylation (5mC levels) along with increasing DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) in the pluripotent gene (Nanog/Pou5f1) promoter regions. In addition, the repressive histone codes H3K9m3/H3K27m3 were reduced by JAK2. Activated JAK2 directly interacted with the core epigenetic enzymes TET1 and JMJD2, modulating its activity and promotes the DNA and histone demethylation, respectively. The JAK2 effects were attained by tyrosine phosphorylation on the epigenetic enzymes. The effects of JAK2 phosphorylation on the enzymes were diverse, but all were merged to the epigenetic signatures associated with open DNA/chromatin structures. Taken together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized epigenetic regulatory role of JAK2 as an important mediator of mESC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noviana Wulansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wahyu Handoko Wibowo Darsono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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42
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McGuire JJ, Frieling JS, Lo CH, Li T, Muhammad A, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Cook LM, Lynch CC. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived interleukin-28 drives the selection of apoptosis resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:723. [PMID: 33526787 PMCID: PMC7851397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and their differentiation into osteoblasts. However, the effects of bone-marrow derived MSCs on PCa cells are less explored. Here, we report MSC-derived interleukin-28 (IL-28) triggers prostate cancer cell apoptosis via IL-28 receptor alpha (IL-28Rα)-STAT1 signaling. However, chronic exposure to MSCs drives the selection of prostate cancer cells that are resistant to IL-28-induced apoptosis and therapeutics such as docetaxel. Further, MSC-selected/IL-28-resistant prostate cancer cells grow at accelerated rates in bone. Acquired resistance to apoptosis is PCa cell intrinsic, and is associated with a shift in IL-28Rα signaling via STAT1 to STAT3. Notably, STAT3 ablation or inhibition impairs MSC-selected prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Thus, bone marrow MSCs drive the emergence of therapy-resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer yet this can be disabled by targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J McGuire
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy S Frieling
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayaz Muhammad
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Gadina M, Chisolm DA, Philips RL, McInness IB, Changelian PS, O'Shea JJ. Translating JAKs to Jakinibs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2011-2020. [PMID: 32253269 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of JAKs and STATs and their roles in cytokine and IFN action represented a significant basic advance and a new paradigm in cell signaling. This was quickly followed by discoveries pointing to their essential functions, including identification of JAK3 mutations as a cause of SCID. This and other findings predicted the use of therapeutically targeting JAKs as a new strategy for treating immune and inflammatory diseases. This now is a reality with seven approved jakinibs being used to treat multiple forms of arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and myeloproliferative neoplasms, and numerous ongoing clinical trials in other settings. This story provides interesting insights into the process of translating basic discoveries and also reveals the need to return to basic work to fill gaps that now become apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Danielle A Chisolm
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachael L Philips
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Iain B McInness
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Nasseri M, Keyfi F, Rahbarian R, Rajabian M, Abbaszadegan MR. Examining the Frequency of the JAK2 (V617F) Mutation in Patients with Myeloproliferative Diseases in North Eastern Iran and the Effect of Treatment Intervention. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:188-192. [PMID: 33178868 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a tyrosine kinase located in the cytoplasm that plays a critical role in the signal transduction of cytokines and growth hormones. The conversion of valine to phenylalanine at the polypeptide position 617 results in the JAK2 (V617F) mutation, which often found in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). As a result of this mutation, JAK2 is constitutively activated leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency and relationship of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation in a population of patients with MPNs in Iran. Methods A total of 213 patients with myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs), were included in the study. Real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation in the genomic DNA isolated from patient peripheral blood samples. Results Of the 213 patients with MPDs, approximately 60 (28%) patients were positive for the JAK2 (V617F) mutation. Polycythemia Vera (PV, 42.11%) was the most common MPD, followed by Essential Thrombocythemia (ET, 29.82%), Primary Myelofibrosis (MF, 12.28%), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML, 10.5%). A significant relationship between all types of MPDs and the clinical course (p< 0.05) was observed. The relationship between age and gender among all types of MPD disease was not significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion Of the examined cohort in North Eastern Iran, 28% of the patients with MPNs were found to have the JAK2 (V617F) mutation which determining the presence of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation helps to decide the correct form of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojila Nasseri
- Department of Biochemistry, Payamenoor University, Tehran, Iran.,Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keyfi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Rajabian
- Department of biology, Payamenoor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, MUMS, Mashhad, Iran
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Cell Communications among Microorganisms, Plants, and Animals: Origin, Evolution, and Interplays. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218052. [PMID: 33126770 PMCID: PMC7663094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communications play pivotal roles in multi-cellular species, but they do so also in uni-cellular species. Moreover, cells communicate with each other not only within the same individual, but also with cells in other individuals belonging to the same or other species. These communications occur between two unicellular species, two multicellular species, or between unicellular and multicellular species. The molecular mechanisms involved exhibit diversity and specificity, but they share common basic features, which allow common pathways of communication between different species, often phylogenetically very distant. These interactions are possible by the high degree of conservation of the basic molecular mechanisms of interaction of many ligand-receptor pairs in evolutionary remote species. These inter-species cellular communications played crucial roles during Evolution and must have been positively selected, particularly when collectively beneficial in hostile environments. It is likely that communications between cells did not arise after their emergence, but were part of the very nature of the first cells. Synchronization of populations of non-living protocells through chemical communications may have been a mandatory step towards their emergence as populations of living cells and explain the large commonality of cell communication mechanisms among microorganisms, plants, and animals.
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Wadsworth PA, Singh AK, Nguyen N, Dvorak NM, Tapia CM, Russell WK, Stephan C, Laezza F. JAK2 regulates Nav1.6 channel function via FGF14 Y158 phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118786. [PMID: 32599005 PMCID: PMC7984254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein interactions between voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels and accessory proteins play an essential role in neuronal firing and plasticity. However, a surprisingly limited number of kinases have been identified as regulators of these molecular complexes. We hypothesized that numerous as-of-yet unidentified kinases indirectly regulate the Nav channel via modulation of the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), an accessory protein with numerous unexplored phosphomotifs and required for channel function in neurons. METHODS Here we present results from an in-cell high-throughput screening (HTS) against the FGF14: Nav1.6 complex using >3000 diverse compounds targeting an extensive range of signaling pathways. Regulation by top kinase targets was then explored using in vitro phosphorylation, biophysics, mass-spectrometry and patch-clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS Compounds targeting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) were over-represented among HTS hits. Phosphomotif scans supported by mass spectrometry revealed FGF14Y158, a site previously shown to mediate both FGF14 homodimerization and interactions with Nav1.6, as a JAK2 phosphorylation site. Following inhibition of JAK2, FGF14 homodimerization increased in a manner directly inverse to FGF14:Nav1.6 complex formation, but not in the presence of the FGF14Y158A mutant. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that through Y158, JAK2 controls FGF14-dependent modulation of Nav1.6 channels. In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, the JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib reduced firing by a mechanism that is dependent upon expression of FGF14. CONCLUSIONS These studies point toward a novel mechanism by which levels of JAK2 in neurons could directly influence firing and plasticity by controlling the FGF14 dimerization equilibrium, and thereby the availability of monomeric species for interaction with Nav1.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wadsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center: Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Addiction Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Zhang J, Sun Z, Lin N, Lu W, Huang X, Weng J, Sun S, Zhang C, Yang Q, Zhou G, Guo H, Chi J. Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus attenuates doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity by regulating JAK2/STAT3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110534. [PMID: 32711244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is well-known for its potent antitumor activity but limited by its multiple and serious adverse effects. A major adverse effect is acute cardiotoxicity; yet, its mechanism has not been elucidated. Fucoidan is a multifunctional and nontoxic polysaccharide that is widely studied because of its favorable biological activities and safety. Hence, we proposed that fucoidan may play a protective role in DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity without causing additional side effects. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single high dose of DOX to induce acute cardiac injury. Fucoidan was administered orally before DOX injection and AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, was applied to verify the participation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with the same drugs at different concentrations and intervention times. in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that DOX administration induced myocardial damage accompanied by acceleratory apoptosis and deficient autophagy in heart tissues or cells, which could be significantly improved by fucoidan supplement. AG490 partly abolished the cardioprotective effects of fucoidan, suggesting the involvement of JAK2 signaling. Additionally, western blotting revealed DOX-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation, which was enhanced by fucoidan and weaken by AG490. Hence, fucoidan exerted a favorable effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis in a JAK2/STAT3-dependent manner, which may provide a promising and novel therapeutic strategy against negative chemotherapy-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingfan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimin Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Medical, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jufang Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Paul A, Srinivasan N. Genome-wide and structural analyses of pseudokinases encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana provide functional insights. Proteins 2020; 88:1620-1638. [PMID: 32667690 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase-Like Non-Kinases (PKLNKs), commonly known as "pseudokinases", are homologous to eukaryotic Ser/Thr/Tyr protein kinases (PKs) but lack the crucial aspartate residue in the catalytic loop, indispensable for phosphotransferase activity. Therefore, they are predicted to be "catalytically inactive" enzyme homologs. Analysis of protein-kinase like sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana led to the identification of more than 120 pseudokinases lacking catalytic aspartate, majority of which are closely related to the plant-specific receptor-like kinase family. These pseudokinases engage in different biological processes, enabled by their diverse domain architectures and specific subcellular localizations. Structural comparison of pseudokinases with active and inactive conformations of canonical PKs, belonging to both plant and animal origin, revealed unique structural differences. The currently available crystal structures of pseudokinases show that the loop topologically equivalent to activation segment of PKs adopts a distinct-folded conformation, packing against the pseudoenzyme core, in contrast to the extended and inhibitory geometries observed for active and inactive states, respectively, of catalytic PKs. Salt-bridge between ATP-binding Lys and DFG-Asp as well as hydrophobic interactions between the conserved nonpolar residue C-terminal to the equivalent DFG motif and nonpolar residues in C-helix mediate such a conformation in pseudokinases. This results in enhanced solvent accessibility of the pseudocatalytic loop in pseudokinases that can possibly serve as an interacting surface while associating with other proteins. Specifically, our analysis identified several residues that may be involved in pseudokinase regulation and hints at the repurposing of pseudocatalytic residues to achieve mechanistic control over noncatalytic functions of pseudoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Paul
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Betté S, Moore H. Generalized Chorea and JAK2V617F Mutation-Positive Myeloproliferative Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:462-463. [PMID: 32373666 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sagari Betté
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton Boca Raton Florida USA
| | - Henry Moore
- Department of Neurology, Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
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Tang X, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Deng A, Wang W, Zhang H, Qin H, Wu L. Butyric Acid Increases the Therapeutic Effect of EHLJ7 on Ulcerative Colitis by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1553. [PMID: 32038241 PMCID: PMC6987075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory chronic disease characterized by bloody diarrhea and mucosal or submucosal ulcers. There is an urgent need of new drugs for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. EHLJ7 is a quaternary coptisine derivative. Herein, we explored the therapeutic effect of EHLJ7 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Results showed that EHLJ7 have good effects on DSS-induced colitis. EHLJ7 significantly improved symptoms induced by DSS including of weight loss, colon contracture, disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory infiltration, and so on. Furthermore, results showed that EHLJ7 could enhance short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production especially butyric acid, suggesting that EHLJ7 could improve the metabolic disorder of intestinal flora to a certain extent. Further study indicated that EHLJ7 could cooperate with butyrate to exert its anti-ulcerative colitis effect by inhibiting the activation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) pathway. Therefore, EHLJ7 has a potential to be developed as a candidate for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Tang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - ZhiHui Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - AnJun Deng
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - WenJie Wang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - LianQiu Wu
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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