1
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Tucker SK, Eberhart JK. The convergence of mTOR signaling and ethanol teratogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 130:108720. [PMID: 39306261 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most common teratogens and causes of human developmental disabilities. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which describes the wide range of deficits due to prenatal ethanol exposure, are estimated to affect between 1.1 % and 5.0 % of births in the United States. Ethanol dysregulates numerous cellular mechanisms such as programmed cell death (apoptosis), protein synthesis, autophagy, and various aspects of cell signaling, all of which contribute to FASD. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates these cellular mechanisms via sensing of nutrients like amino acids and glucose, DNA damage, and growth factor signaling. Despite an extensive literature on ethanol teratogenesis and mTOR signaling, there has been less attention paid to their interaction. Here, we discuss the impact of ethanol teratogenesis on mTORC1's ability to coordinate growth factor and amino acid sensing with protein synthesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Notably, the effect of ethanol exposure on mTOR signaling depends on the timing and dose of ethanol as well as the system studied. Overall, the overlap between the functions of mTORC1 and the phenotypes observed in FASD suggest a mechanistic interaction. However, more work is required to fully understand the impact of ethanol teratogenesis on mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Hwang YK, Lee DH, Lee EC, Oh JS. Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 39195222 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kim S, Chun H, Kim Y, Kim Y, Park U, Chu J, Bhalla M, Choi SH, Yousefian-Jazi A, Kim S, Hyeon SJ, Kim S, Kim Y, Ju YH, Lee SE, Lee H, Lee K, Oh SJ, Hwang EM, Lee J, Lee CJ, Ryu H. Astrocytic autophagy plasticity modulates Aβ clearance and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:55. [PMID: 39044253 PMCID: PMC11267931 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes, one of the most resilient cells in the brain, transform into reactive astrocytes in response to toxic proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, reactive astrocyte-mediated non-cell autonomous neuropathological mechanism is not fully understood yet. We aimed our study to find out whether Aβ-induced proteotoxic stress affects the expression of autophagy genes and the modulation of autophagic flux in astrocytes, and if yes, how Aβ-induced autophagy-associated genes are involved Aβ clearance in astrocytes of animal model of AD. METHODS Whole RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to detect gene expression patterns in Aβ-treated human astrocytes in a time-dependent manner. To verify the role of astrocytic autophagy in an AD mouse model, we developed AAVs expressing shRNAs for MAP1LC3B/LC3B (LC3B) and Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) based on AAV-R-CREon vector, which is a Cre recombinase-dependent gene-silencing system. Also, the effect of astrocyte-specific overexpression of LC3B on the neuropathology in AD (APP/PS1) mice was determined. Neuropathological alterations of AD mice with astrocytic autophagy dysfunction were observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Behavioral changes of mice were examined through novel object recognition test (NOR) and novel object place recognition test (NOPR). RESULTS Here, we show that astrocytes, unlike neurons, undergo plastic changes in autophagic processes to remove Aβ. Aβ transiently induces expression of LC3B gene and turns on a prolonged transcription of SQSTM1 gene. The Aβ-induced astrocytic autophagy accelerates urea cycle and putrescine degradation pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes. Astrocyte-specific knockdown of LC3B and SQSTM1 significantly increases Aβ plaque formation and GFAP-positive astrocytes in APP/PS1 mice, along with a significant reduction of neuronal marker and cognitive function. In contrast, astrocyte-specific overexpression of LC3B reduced Aβ aggregates in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. An increase of LC3B and SQSTM1 protein is found in astrocytes of the hippocampus in AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicates that Aβ-induced astrocytic autophagic plasticity is an important cellular event to modulate Aβ clearance and maintain cognitive function in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei-SL Bigen Institute (YSLI), Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeyun Kim
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyeol Park
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Deaprtment of Medicine, Hanyang University Medical School, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Chu
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Choi
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Yousefian-Jazi
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kim
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Kim
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseo Kim
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Lee
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Ryu
- K-Laboratory, Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Wang YT, Moura AK, Zuo R, Zhou W, Wang Z, Roudbari K, Hu JZ, Li PL, Zhang Y, Li X. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction is Associated with Augmented Lysosomal Signaling in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.603000. [PMID: 39026774 PMCID: PMC11257577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.603000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) caused by hypercholesterolemia can lead to myocardial ischemia, with or without obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the molecular pathways associated with compromised coronary microvascular function prior to the development of myocardial ischemic injury remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemia on the function and integrity of the coronary microcirculation in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed with a hypercholesterolemic Paigen's diet (PD) for 8 weeks. Echocardiography data showed that PD caused CMD, characterized by significant reductions in coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), but did not affect cardiac remodeling or dysfunction. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that PD-induced CMD was associated with activation of coronary arterioles inflammation and increased myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. These pathological changes occurred in parallel with the upregulation of lysosomal signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Treating hypercholesterolemic mice with the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe significantly ameliorated PD-induced adverse effects, including hypercholesterolemia, steatohepatitis, reduced CFR, coronary EC inflammation, and myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. In cultured mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs), 7-ketocholesterol (7K) increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, 7K induced the activation of TFEB and lysosomal signaling in MCECs, whereas the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 blocked 7K-induced TFEB activation and exacerbated 7K-induced inflammation and cell death. Interestingly, ezetimibe synergistically enhanced 7K-induced TFEB activation and attenuated 7K-induced mitochondrial ROS and inflammatory responses in MCECs. These results suggest that CMD can develop and precede detectable cardiac functional or structural changes in the setting of hypercholesterolemia, and that upregulation of TFEB-mediated lysosomal signaling in ECs plays a protective role against CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Alexandra K. Moura
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kiana Roudbari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Jenny Z. Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
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Siddiqui T, Bhatt LK. Emerging autophagic endo-lysosomal targets in the management of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:477-485. [PMID: 37586941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Synucleopathies, specifically Parkinson's disease, are still incurable and available therapeutic options are scarce and symptomatic. The autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system is an indigenous mechanism to manage the proteome. Excess/misfolded protein accumulation activates this system, which degrades the undesired proteins via lysosomes. Cells also eliminate these proteins by releasing them into the extracellular space via exosomes. However, the sutophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system becomes unfunctional in Parkinson's disease and there is accumulation and spread of pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Neuronal degeneration results Owing to pathogenic alpha-synuclein. Thus, the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system could be a promising target for neuroprotection. In the present review, we discuss the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system as an emerging target for the management of Parkinson's disease. Modulation of these targets associated with the autophagy-lysosomal-endosomal system can aid in clearing pathogenic alpha-synuclein and prevent the degeneration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - L K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Doctor Bhanuben-Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.
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6
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Skou LD, Johansen SK, Okarmus J, Meyer M. Pathogenesis of DJ-1/PARK7-Mediated Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:296. [PMID: 38391909 PMCID: PMC10887164 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Mutations in the PD-associated gene PARK7 alter the structure and function of the encoded protein DJ-1, and the resulting autosomal recessively inherited disease increases the risk of developing PD. DJ-1 was first discovered in 1997 as an oncogene and was associated with early-onset PD in 2003. Mutations in DJ-1 account for approximately 1% of all recessively inherited early-onset PD occurrences, and the functions of the protein have been studied extensively. In healthy subjects, DJ-1 acts as an antioxidant and oxidative stress sensor in several neuroprotective mechanisms. It is also involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and dopamine homeostasis by regulating various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone functions. While DJ-1 protects neurons against damaging reactive oxygen species, neurotoxins, and mutant α-synuclein, mutations in the protein may lead to inefficient neuroprotection and the progression of PD. As current therapies treat only the symptoms of PD, the development of therapies that directly inhibit oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death is critical. DJ-1 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target, while oxidized DJ-1 could operate as a biomarker for PD. In this paper, we review the role of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of PD by highlighting some of its key neuroprotective functions and the consequences of its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Duborg Skou
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Steffi Krudt Johansen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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7
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Al-kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES, Klionsky DJ. The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No? Autophagy 2024; 20:259-274. [PMID: 37712858 PMCID: PMC10813579 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropathology. Therefore, this review illustrates the protective and harmful effects of autophagy with regard to this disease. Autophagy prevents the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. In contrast, over-activated autophagy is associated with the progression of MS neuropathology and in this case the use of autophagy inhibitors may alleviate the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, autophagy provokes the activation of different immune and supporting cells that play an intricate role in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy functions in the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, and specific autophagic inhibitors of dendritic cells (DCs), microglia and T cells induce protective effects against the pathogenesis of MS.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APCs: antigen-presenting cells; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CNS: central nervous system; DCs: dendritic cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MS: multiple sclerosis; NCA: non-canonical autophagy; OCBs: oligoclonal bands; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PD: Parkinson disease; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UPR: unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
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8
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Bu KB, Kim M, Shin MK, Lee SH, Sung JS. Regulation of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through CYP1B1-Induced mTOR-Mediated Lipophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1324. [PMID: 38279324 PMCID: PMC10816991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is caused by lipid accumulation within the liver. The pathogenesis underlying its development is poorly understood. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a group 1 carcinogen. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by B[a]P induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, contributing to hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism through which the B[a]P-mediated induction of CYP enzymes causes hepatic lipid accumulation is unknown. This research was conducted to elucidate the role of CYP1B1 in regulating B[a]P-induced lipid accumulation within hepatocytes. B[a]P increased hepatic lipid accumulation, which was mitigated by CYP1B1 knockdown. An increase in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by B[a]P was specifically reduced by CYP1B1 knockdown. The reduction of mTOR increased the expression of autophagic flux-related genes and promoted phagolysosome formation. Both the expression and translocation of TFE3, a central regulator of lipophagy, were induced, along with the expression of lipophagy-related genes. Conversely, enhanced mTOR activity reduced TFE3 expression and translocation, which reduced the expression of lipophagy-related genes, diminished phagolysosome production, and increased lipid accumulation. Our results indicate that B[a]P-induced hepatic lipid accumulation is caused by CYP1B1-induced mTOR and the reduction of lipophagy, thereby introducing novel targets and mechanisms to provide insights for understanding B[a]P-induced MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (K.-B.B.); (M.K.); (M.K.S.); (S.-H.L.)
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9
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Cheng C, Wu Y, Huang Y, Xue Q, Wang Y, Liao F, Wang X, Miao C. Epigenetic modification and exosome effects on autophagy in osteoarthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115930. [PMID: 37979704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that leads to joint pain and stiffness and is one of the leading causes of disability and pain worldwide. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process, and its abnormal function is closely related to human diseases, including OA. Abnormal autophagy regulates cell aging, matrix metalloproteinase metabolism, and reactive oxygen metabolism, which are key in the occurrence and development of OA. There is evidence that drugs directly or indirectly targeting autophagy significantly hinder the progress of OA. In addition, the occurrence and development of autophagy in OA are regulated by many factors, including epigenetic modification, exosomes, crucial autophagy molecules, and signaling pathway regulation. Autophagy, as a new therapeutic target for OA, has widely influenced the pathological mechanism of OA. However, determining how autophagy affects OA pathology and its use in the treatment and diagnosis of targets still need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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10
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Mastoridou EM, Goussia AC, Kanavaros P, Charchanti AV. Involvement of Lipophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulation of Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15891. [PMID: 37958873 PMCID: PMC10649352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of lipids in the form of lipid droplets in more than 5% of hepatocytes. It is regarded as a range of diverse pathologies, including simple steatosis and steatohepatitis. The structural characteristics of lipid droplets, along with their protein composition, mainly including perilipins, have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. These proteins have garnered increasing attention as a pivotal regulator since their levels and distinct expression appear to be associated with the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Perilipins are target proteins of chaperone-mediated autophagy, and their degradation is a prerequisite for lipolysis and lipophagy to access the lipid core. Both lipophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy have significant implications on the development of the disease, as evidenced by their upregulation during the initial phases of simple steatosis and their subsequent downregulation once steatosis is established. On the contrary, during steatohepatitis, the process of chaperone-mediated autophagy is enhanced, although lipophagy remains suppressed. Evidently, the reduced levels of autophagic pathways observed in simple steatosis serve as a defensive mechanism against lipotoxicity. Conversely, in steatohepatitis, chaperone-mediated autophagy fails to compensate for the continuous generation of small lipid droplets and thus cannot protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria M. Mastoridou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna C. Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Antonia V. Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
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11
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Liu Y, Tan L, Tan MS. Chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2173-2190. [PMID: 36695937 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is the selective degradation process of intracellular components by lysosomes, which is required for the degradation of aggregate-prone proteins and contributes to proteostasis maintenance. Proteostasis is essential for normal cell function and survival, and it is determined by the balance of protein synthesis and degradation. Because postmitotic neurons are highly susceptible to proteostasis disruption, CMA is vital for the nervous system. Since Parkinson's disease (PD) was first linked to CMA dysfunction, an increasing number of studies have shown that CMA loss, as seen during aging, occurs in the pathogenetic process of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of CMA, as well as the physiological function and regulation of this autophagy pathway. Following, we highlight its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases, and the latest advances and challenges in targeting CMA in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Grochowska KM, Sperveslage M, Raman R, Failla AV, Głów D, Schulze C, Laprell L, Fehse B, Kreutz MR. Chaperone-mediated autophagy in neuronal dendrites utilizes activity-dependent lysosomal exocytosis for protein disposal. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112998. [PMID: 37590146 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex morphology of neurons poses a challenge for proteostasis because the majority of lysosomal degradation machinery is present in the cell soma. In recent years, however, mature lysosomes were identified in dendrites, and a fraction of those appear to fuse with the plasma membrane and release their content to the extracellular space. Here, we report that dendritic lysosomes are heterogeneous in their composition and that only those containing lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 2A and 2B fuse with the membrane and exhibit activity-dependent motility. Exocytotic lysosomes dock in close proximity to GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptors (NMDAR) via an association of LAMP2B to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family member SAP102/Dlg3. NMDAR-activation decreases lysosome motility and promotes membrane fusion. We find that chaperone-mediated autophagy is a supplier of content that is released to the extracellular space via lysosome exocytosis. This mechanism enables local disposal of aggregation-prone proteins like TDP-43 and huntingtin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Marit Sperveslage
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rajeev Raman
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antonio V Failla
- UKE Microscopic Imaging Facility (umif), University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dawid Głów
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulze
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Laprell
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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13
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Liu J, Wang L, He H, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Yang J. The Complex Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2050. [PMID: 37509689 PMCID: PMC10377530 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a process that rapidly degrades proteins labeled with KFERQ-like motifs within cells via lysosomes to terminate their cellular functioning. Meanwhile, CMA plays an essential role in various biological processes correlated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that CMA was initially found to be procancer in cancer cells, while some theories suggest that it may have an inhibitory effect on the progression of cancer in untransformed cells. Therefore, the complex relationship between CMA and cancer has aroused great interest in the application of CMA activity regulation in cancer therapy. Here, we describe the basic information related to CMA and introduce the physiological functions of CMA, the dual role of CMA in different cancer contexts, and its related research progress. Further study on the mechanism of CMA in tumor development may provide novel insights for tumor therapy targeting CMA. This review aims to summarize and discuss the complex mechanisms of CMA in cancer and related potential strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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14
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Zhang W, Geng X, Dong Q, Li X, Ye P, Lin M, Xu B, Jiang H. Crosstalk between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway regulates realgar-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115776. [PMID: 36191662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Realgar, the main component of which is As2S2 or As4S4 (≥90%), is a traditional Chinese natural medicine that has been used to treat carbuncles, furuncles, snake and insect bites, abdominal pain caused by parasitic worms, and epilepsy in China for many years. Because realgar contains arsenic, chronic or excessive use of single-flavor realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicine can lead to drug-induced arsenic poisoning, but the exact mechanism underlying its toxicity to the central nervous system is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity and to investigate the effects of realgar on autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used rats treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or adeno-associated virus (AAV2/9-r-shRNA-Sqstm1, sh-p62) to investigate realgar-induced neurotoxicity and explore the specific relationship between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (the Nrf2 pathway) in the cerebral cortex. Molecular docking analysis was used to assess the interactions among the Nrf2, p62 and Keap1 proteins. RESULTS Our results showed that arsenic from realgar accumulated in the brain and blood to cause neuronal and synaptic damage, decrease exploratory behavior and spontaneous movement, and impair memory ability in rats. The mechanism may have involved realgar-mediated autophagy impairment and continuous activation of the Nrf2 pathway via the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis. However, because this activation of the Nrf2 pathway was not sufficient to counteract oxidative damage, apoptosis was aggravated in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis are involved in realgar-induced central nervous system toxicity and identified p62 as the hub of the LC3-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis in the regulation of autophagy, the Nrf2 pathway, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Qing Dong
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Xiuhan Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ping Ye
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Liaoning, PR China.
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15
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Tabibzadeh S. Role of autophagy in aging: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Aging Cell 2022; 22:e13753. [PMID: 36539927 PMCID: PMC9835585 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved catabolic homeostatic process required for cellular metabolic demands by removal of the damaged molecules and organelles and for alleviation of stress initiated by pathology and infection. By such actions, autophagy is essential for the prevention of aging, disease, and cancer. Genetic defects of autophagy genes lead to a host of developmental, metabolic, and pathological aberrations. Similarly, the age-induced decline in autophagy leads to the loss of cellular homeostatic control. Paradoxically, such a valuable mechanism is hijacked by diseases, during tumor progression and by senescence, presumably due to high levels of metabolic demand. Here, we review both the role of autophagy in preventing cellular decline in aging by fulfillment of cellular bioenergetic demands and its contribution to the maintenance of the senescent state and SASP by acting on energy and nutritional sensors and diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and CancerIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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16
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Mishra J, Bhatti GK, Sehrawat A, Singh C, Singh A, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Modulating autophagy and mitophagy as a promising therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2022; 311:121153. [PMID: 36343743 PMCID: PMC9712237 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major public health challenge and is associated with a tremendous burden on individuals, society and federal governments worldwide. Protein misfolding and aggregation are the major pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders. The cells have evolved several regulatory mechanisms to deal with aberrant protein folding, namely the classical ubiquitin pathway, where ubiquitination of protein aggregates marks their degradation via lysosome and the novel autophagy or mitophagy pathways. Autophagy is a catabolic process in eukaryotic cells that allows the lysosome to recycle the cell's own contents, such as organelles and proteins, known as autophagic cargo. Their most significant role is to keep cells alive in distressed situations. Mitophagy is also crucial for reducing abnormal protein aggregation and increasing organelle clearance and partly accounts for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, substantial data indicate that any disruption in these homeostatic mechanisms leads to the emergence of several age-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. So, targeting autophagy and mitophagy might be a potential therapeutic strategy for a variety of health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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17
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Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S, Sarbajna A, Dutta M, Bandyopadhyay J. Quercetin Attenuates Copper-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Autophagic Modulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5022-5041. [PMID: 35149956 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An increase in anthropogenic activities results in metal contamination in the ecosystem which has proven to be a major health risk in humans, as they make entry into cellular organelles via agricultural products. Copper (Cu) is one such metal that acts as an essential cofactor for the activity of several enzymes, one being the cytochrome c oxidase. The increasing number of evidence suggests a substantial correlation of Cu overload with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). We aim to explore quercetin, a well-known polyphenol, as an alternative for combating Cu-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y secondary cell lines. We observed that Cu increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, triggered morphological deformities and condensation of nuclei, caused an imbalance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and finally induced apoptotic cell deaths. We further investigated the effects of Cu in modulating the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bcl-2, etc. However, quercetin reversed these changes owing to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, resulting in autophagy induction as an outcome of upregulation of autophagosome-bound microtubules-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3II). Besides, we investigated the role of Cu in stimulating ER stress proteins, viz. PERK, CHOP, and the concomitant responses of quercetin in restoring the ER homeostasis in cellular organelles like mitochondria and ER, against Cu-induced toxic insults by modulating autophagic pathways. Overall, this research work proposes a remedial approach for Cu-mediated neurotoxicity through understanding the diverse molecular signaling inside a cell with an aim to develop effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpita Sarbajna
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Sukhorukov V, Magnaeva A, Baranich T, Gofman A, Voronkov D, Gulevskaya T, Glinkina V, Illarioshkin S. Brain Neurons during Physiological Aging: Morphological Features, Autophagic and Mitochondrial Contribution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810695. [PMID: 36142604 PMCID: PMC9501539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that the brain undergoes various changes during aging. Among them are loss of both white and gray matter, neurons and synapses degeneration, as well as oxidative, inflammatory, and biochemical changes. The above-mentioned age-related features are closely related to autophagy and mitochondria. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the most peculiar morphological features of brain nervous tissue and to characterize the expression of autophagy and mitochondrial immunohistochemical biomarkers in neurons of different human brain zones during aging. Counting the number of neurons as well as Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), Alpha subunit of ATP synthase (ATP5A), and Parkinson disease protein 7 (DJ1) immunohistochemical staining were performed on FFPE samples of human prefrontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus obtained from autopsy. Statistical analysis revealed a loss of neurons in the studied elderly group in comparison to the young group. When the expression of macroautophagy (LC3B), chaperon-mediated autophagy (HSP70, LAMP2A), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V (ATP5A) markers for the young and elderly groups were compared, the latter was found to have a significantly higher rate of optical density, whilst there was no significance in DJ1 expression. These findings, while preliminary, suggest that both autophagy and mitochondria are involved in neuronal maintenance during aging and could indicate their potential role in adaptive mechanisms that occur in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sukhorukov
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Magnaeva
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Baranich
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Gofman
- International Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Voronkov
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gulevskaya
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Glinkina
- Department for Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Illarioshkin
- Department for Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142250. [PMID: 35883693 PMCID: PMC9323300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation mechanism through lysosomes. By targeting the KFERQ motif of the substrate, CMA is responsible for the degradation of about 30% of cytosolic proteins, including a series of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The fact that decreased activity of CMA is observed in NDs, and ND-associated mutant proteins, including alpha-synuclein and Tau, directly impair CMA activity reveals a possible vicious cycle of CMA impairment and pathogenic protein accumulation in ND development. Given the intrinsic connection between CMA dysfunction and ND, enhancement of CMA has been regarded as a strategy to counteract ND. Indeed, genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate CMA have been shown to promote the degradation of ND-associated proteins and alleviate ND phenotypes in multiple ND models. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanism of CMA with a focus on its relationship with NDs and discusses the therapeutic potential of CMA modulation for ND.
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20
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Azam T, Zhang H, Zhou F, Wang X. Recent Advances on Drug Development and Emerging Therapeutic Agents Through Targeting Cellular Homeostasis for Ageing and Cardiovascular Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:888190. [PMID: 35821839 PMCID: PMC9261412 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.888190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a progressive physiological process mediated by changes in biological pathways, resulting in a decline in tissue and cellular function. It is a driving factor in numerous age-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiomyopathies, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and heart failure are some of the age-related CVDs that are the leading causes of death worldwide. Although individual CVDs have distinct clinical and pathophysiological manifestations, a disturbance in cellular homeostasis underlies the majority of diseases which is further compounded with aging. Three key evolutionary conserved signalling pathways, namely, autophagy, mitophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in eliminating damaged and dysfunctional organelle, misfolded proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, together these molecular processes protect and preserve cellular homeostasis. However, amongst the numerous molecular changes during ageing, a decline in the signalling of these key molecular processes occurs. This decline also increases the susceptibility of damage following a stressful insult, promoting the development and pathogenesis of CVDs. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy, mitophagy and UPR signalling with respect to ageing and cardiac disease. We also highlight potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring/rebalancing autophagy and UPR signalling to maintain cellular homeostasis, thus mitigating the pathological effects of ageing and CVDs. Finally, we highlight some limitations that are likely hindering scientific drug research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyiba Azam
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fangchao Zhou
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Wang
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Assaye MA, Gizaw ST. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Its Implications for Neurodegeneration and Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5635-5649. [PMID: 35734200 PMCID: PMC9207255 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s368364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, also known as protein homeostasis, is critical for cell survival. Autophagy is a cellular process that degrades and recycles damaged or long-lived proteins, misfolded proteins, and damaged or abnormal organelles in order to preserve homeostasis. Among the three forms of autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is distinct from macroautophagy and microautophagy; it does not require the formation of vacuoles and only degrades selected individual proteins. CMA helps to maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating protein quality, bioenergetics, and substrate-associated cellular processes at the right moment. This pathway's dysfunction has been linked to several diseases and disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases and cancer have received the most attention. In various neurodegenerative disorders, especially in their later stages, CMA activity declines. CMA has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in cancer by destroying specific tumor promoters. Once a tumor has grown, it also helps tumor survival and the metastatic cascade. The presence of changes in CMA in these diseases disorders raises the idea of targeting CMA to restore cellular homeostasis as a potential therapeutic method. Manipulation of CMA activity may be effective therapeutic strategies for treating these diseases. Therefore, in this paper; we introduce the basic processes, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of CMA; evidences supporting the role of impaired CMA function in neurodegeneration and cancer; and the potential of how targeting CMA could be a promising therapeutic method for the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masresha Ahmed Assaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon T Gizaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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22
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Kuramoto K, He C. Degradative and Non-Degradative Roles of Autophagy Proteins in Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844481. [PMID: 35646940 PMCID: PMC9136161 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a stress-induced lysosomal degradation pathway regulated by evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related (ATG) genes. Recent research has revealed that autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, development of metabolic tissues, and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Bulk and selective degradation by autophagy helps maintain protein homeostasis and physiological function of cells. Aside from classical degradative roles, ATG proteins also carry out non-classical secretory functions of metabolic tissues. In this review, we summarize recent progresses and unanswered questions on the mechanisms of autophagy and ATG proteins in metabolic regulation, with a focus on organelle and nutrient storage degradation, as well as vesicular and hormonal secretion. Such knowledge broadens our understanding on the cause, pathophysiology, and prevention of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Kocot AM, Wróblewska B. Nutritional strategies for autophagy activation and health consequences of autophagy impairment. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Grochowska KM, Andres‐Alonso M, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. The needs of a synapse—How local organelles serve synaptic proteostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110057. [PMID: 35285533 PMCID: PMC8982616 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic function crucially relies on the constant supply and removal of neuronal membranes. The morphological complexity of neurons poses a significant challenge for neuronal protein transport since the machineries for protein synthesis and degradation are mainly localized in the cell soma. In response to this unique challenge, local micro‐secretory systems have evolved that are adapted to the requirements of neuronal membrane protein proteostasis. However, our knowledge of how neuronal proteins are synthesized, trafficked to membranes, and eventually replaced and degraded remains scarce. Here, we review recent insights into membrane trafficking at synaptic sites and into the contribution of local organelles and micro‐secretory pathways to synaptic function. We describe the role of endoplasmic reticulum specializations in neurons, Golgi‐related organelles, and protein complexes like retromer in the synthesis and trafficking of synaptic transmembrane proteins. We discuss the contribution of autophagy and of proteasome‐mediated and endo‐lysosomal degradation to presynaptic proteostasis and synaptic function, as well as nondegradative roles of autophagosomes and lysosomes in signaling and synapse remodeling. We conclude that the complexity of neuronal cyto‐architecture necessitates long‐distance protein transport that combines degradation with signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Maria Andres‐Alonso
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
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25
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Lavigne EG, Cavagnino A, Steinschneider R, Breton L, Baraibar MA, Jäger S. Oxidative damage prevention in human skin and sensory neurons by a salicylic acid derivative. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:98-104. [PMID: 35114356 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased protein carbonylation is a hallmark of oxidative stress, protein homeostasis dysregulation and aging in the nervous system and skin. Sensory neurons interact with skin cells and are involved in skin homeostasis. We have previously reported that the 5-octanoyl salicylic acid (C8-SA), a salicylic acid derivative, increased C. elegans lifespan and delayed the accumulation of carbonylated proteins, through the stimulation of autophagy. OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to investigate if C8-SA protects human sensory neurons and human skin from extrinsic oxidative stressors as an approach to delay skin aging. METHODS In vitro reconstituted human epidermis innervated with hiPSc-derived human sensory neurons, as well as ex vivo human organotypic full skin models were used. The fully differentiated sensory neurons were pretreated with C8-SA before oxidative stress induction. Skin explants were maintained in culture and treated topically with C8-SA before the application of urban pollutants. Carbonylated proteins were detected using amino-oxy functionalized fluorophores and quantified. Chaperone mediated autophagy was monitored with LAMP2A immunofluorescence. Inflammation, ROS detoxification and autophagy were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS C8-SA prevented the accumulation of carbonylated proteins, both in human sensory neurons and skin explants. C8-SA stimulated chaperone-mediated autophagy and modulated NRF2 antioxidant response genes, as well as catalase enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS C8-SA acts at two levels to protect skin against oxidative stress: 1) it prevents protein oxidation by stimulating endogenous antioxidant defense and 2) it increases the clearance of oxidized proteins by stimulating chaperone-mediated autophagy. These results suggest that C8-SA maintains skin health in urban polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lionel Breton
- L'OREAL Research &Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | | | - Sibylle Jäger
- L'OREAL Research &Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France.
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26
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Akel N, MacLeod RS, Berryhill SB, Laster DJ, Dimori M, Crawford JA, Fu Q, Onal M. Loss of chaperone-mediated autophagy is associated with low vertebral cancellous bone mass. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3134. [PMID: 35210514 PMCID: PMC8873216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation pathway that eliminates soluble cytoplasmic proteins that are damaged, incorrectly folded, or targeted for selective proteome remodeling. However, the role of CMA in skeletal homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is unknown. To address the role of CMA for skeletal homeostasis, we deleted an essential component of the CMA process, namely Lamp2a, from the mouse genome. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing led to the deletion of both Lamp2a and Lamp2c, another Lamp2 isoform, producing Lamp2AC global knockout (L2ACgKO) mice. At 5 weeks of age female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to wild-type (WT) controls, whereas there was no difference between genotypes in male mice at this age. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with elevated RANKL expression and the osteoclast marker genes Trap and Cathepsin K. At 18 weeks of age, both male and female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to WT controls. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased mineral deposition in cultured cells. Consistent with these findings, specific knockdown of Lamp2a in an osteoblastic cell line increased RANKL expression and decreased mineral deposition. Moreover, similar to what has been observed in other cell types, macroautophagy and proteasomal degradation were upregulated in CMA-deficient osteoblasts in culture. Thus, an increase in other protein degradation pathways may partially compensate for the loss of CMA in osteoblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that CMA plays a role in vertebral cancellous bone mass accrual in young adult mice and that this may be due to an inhibitory role of CMA on osteoclastogenesis or a positive role of CMA in osteoblast formation or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Akel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ryan S MacLeod
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stuart B Berryhill
- Bone Biomechanics, Histology and Imaging Core (BHIC), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dominique J Laster
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Milena Dimori
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Julie A Crawford
- Bone Biomechanics, Histology and Imaging Core (BHIC), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Genetic Models Core, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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27
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Kanugovi Vijayavittal A, Kumar P, Sugunan S, Joseph C, Devaki B, Paithankar K, Amere Subbarao S. Heat shock transcription factor HSF2 modulates the autophagy response through the BTG2-SOD2 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:44-50. [PMID: 35182974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor HSF1 regulates the inducible Hsp gene transcription, whereas HSF2 is involved in the constitutive transcription. HSFs can work for the non-heat shock genes transcription in a case-specific manner to facilitate normal cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that HSF2 acts as an upstream regulator of heat shock-induced autophagy response in a rat histiocytoma. The heat-induced HSF2 transactivates the B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2) transcription, and the latter acts as a transcriptional coactivator for superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The altered HSF2 promoter occupancy on the BTG2 promoter enhances BTG2 transcription. Since SOD2 regulation is linked to mitochondrial redox sensing, HSF2 appears to act as a redox sensor in deciding the cell fate. The HSF2 shRNA or NFE2L2/BTG2 siRNA treatments have interfered with the autophagy response. We demonstrate that HSF2 is an upstream activator of autophagy response, and the HSF2-BTG2-SOD2 axis acts as a switch between the non-selective (micro/macro) and selective (chaperone-mediated) autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedevi Sugunan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Chitra Joseph
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Bharath Devaki
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Khanderao Paithankar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Amere Subbarao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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Zhu S, Li X, Dang B, Wu F, Wang C, Lin C. Lycium Barbarum polysaccharide protects HaCaT cells from PM2.5-induced apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy. Redox Rep 2022; 27:32-44. [PMID: 35130817 PMCID: PMC8843200 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2036507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a natural polysaccharide extracted from Lycium barbarum that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects, and plays a role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of LBP on particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-induced skin damage. Methods: Cell viability was analyzed by MTT and LDH assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Oxidative stress/damage were assessed by intracellular ROS levels, MDA content and SOD activity. The intracellular protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Mitochondrial damage was assayed by mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 probe. LC3-GFP adenovirus was transfected into HaCaT cells to analyze intracellular autophagosome levels. Results: In PM2.5-treated HaCaT cells, LBP pretreatment reduced PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity, ameliorated cell morphology and reduced cell apoptosis. LBP also inhibited the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP, reduced the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, inhibited Bax protein and activated Bcl-2 protein. Furthermore, LBP inhibited PM2.5-induced mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial damage. PM2.5-induced autophagy was regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Conclusion: LBP protects skin cells from PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity by regulating the oxidative stress-ER stress-autophagy-apoptosis signaling axis, revealing that LBP has a great potential for the skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Dang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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The Role of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030760. [PMID: 35159028 PMCID: PMC8833636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem with the second highest mortality among all cancers and a continuous increase worldwide. HCC is highly resistant to available chemotherapeutic agents, leaving patients with no effective therapeutic option and a poor prognosis. Although an increasing number of studies have elucidated the potential role of autophagy underlying HCC, the complete regulation is far from understood. The different forms of autophagy constitute important cell survival mechanisms that could prevent hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting hepatocyte death and the associated hepatitis and fibrosis at early stages of chronic liver diseases. On the other hand, at late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, they could support the malignant transformation of (pre)neoplastic cells by facilitating their survival. Abstract Hepatocarcinogenesis is a long process with a complex pathophysiology. The current therapeutic options for HCC management, during the advanced stage, provide short-term survival ranging from 10–14 months. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword during this process. Recently, two main autophagic pathways have emerged to play critical roles during hepatic oncogenesis, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mounting evidence suggests that upregulation of macroautophagy plays a crucial role during the early stages of carcinogenesis as a tumor suppressor mechanism; however, it has been also implicated in later stages promoting survival of cancer cells. Nonetheless, chaperone-mediated autophagy has been elucidated as a tumor-promoting mechanism contributing to cancer cell survival. Moreover, the autophagy pathway seems to have a complex role during the metastatic stage, while induction of autophagy has been implicated as a potential mechanism of chemoresistance of HCC cells. The present review provides an update on the role of autophagy pathways in the development of HCC and data on how the modulation of the autophagic pathway could contribute to the most effective management of HCC.
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30
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Kim J, Mondaca-Ruff D, Singh S, Wang Y. SIRT1 and Autophagy: Implications in Endocrine Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930919. [PMID: 35909524 PMCID: PMC9331929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process involved in the selective degradation and recycling of dysfunctional intracellular components. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival by removing damaged and harmful proteins, lipids, and organelles. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent multifunctional enzyme, is a key regulator of the autophagy process. Through its deacetylase activity, SIRT1 participates in the regulation of different steps of autophagy, from initiation to degradation. The levels and function of SIRT1 are also regulated by the autophagy process. Dysregulation in SIRT1-mediated autophagy hinders the proper functioning of the endocrine system, contributing to the onset and progression of endocrine disorders. This review provides an overview of the crosstalk between SIRT1 and autophagy and their implications in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and hepatic steatosis.
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31
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Bonam SR, Tranchant C, Muller S. Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway as Potential Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3547. [PMID: 34944054 PMCID: PMC8700067 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular quality control systems have gained much attention in recent decades. Among these, autophagy is a natural self-preservation mechanism that continuously eliminates toxic cellular components and acts as an anti-ageing process. It is vital for cell survival and to preserve homeostasis. Several cell-type-dependent canonical or non-canonical autophagy pathways have been reported showing varying degrees of selectivity with regard to the substrates targeted. Here, we provide an updated review of the autophagy machinery and discuss the role of various forms of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease. We describe recent findings that have led to the proposal of therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy to alter the course of Parkinson's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS and Strasbourg University, Unit Biotechnology and Cell Signaling/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
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32
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A perspective on the role of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166262. [PMID: 34481059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a ubiquitous set of catabolic pathways required to achieve proper cellular homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been implicated in a multitude of diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight pioneering and groundbreaking research that centers on delineating the role of autophagy in cancer initiation, proliferation and metastasis. First, we discuss the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their respective roles in the de novo formation of autophagosomes and the subsequent delivery of cargo to the lysosome for recycling. Next, we touch upon the history of cancer research that centers upon ATG proteins and regulatory mechanisms that control an appropriate autophagic response and how these are altered in the diseased state. Then, we discuss the various discoveries that led to the idea of autophagy as a double-edged sword when it comes to cancer therapy. This review also briefly narrates how different types of autophagy-selective macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, have been linked to different cancers. Overall, these studies build upon a steadfast trajectory that aims to solve the monumentally daunting challenge of finding a cure for many types of cancer by modulating autophagy either through inhibition or induction.
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33
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Mahapatra KK, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Patil S, Gewirtz DA, Bhutia SK. The lysosome as an imperative regulator of autophagy and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7435-7449. [PMID: 34716768 PMCID: PMC11071813 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles containing acid hydrolases responsible for the degradation of cellular cargo and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes could originate from pre-existing endolysosomes or autolysosomes, acting as a critical juncture between autophagy and endocytosis. Stress that triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization can be altered by ESCRT complexes; however, irreparable damage to the membrane results in the induction of a selective lysosomal degradation pathway, specifically lysophagy. Lysosomes play an indispensable role in different types of autophagy, including microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and various cell death pathways such as lysosomal cell death, apoptotic cell death, and autophagic cell death. In this review, we discuss lysosomal reformation, maintenance, and degradation pathways following the involvement of the lysosome in autophagy and cell death, which are related to several pathophysiological conditions observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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35
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Kallergi E, Nikoletopoulou V. Macroautophagy and normal aging of the nervous system: Lessons from animal models. Cell Stress 2021; 5:146-166. [PMID: 34708187 PMCID: PMC8490955 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging represents a cumulative form of cellular stress, which is thought to challenge many aspects of proteostasis. The non-dividing, long-lived neurons are particularly vulnerable to stress, and, not surprisingly, even normal aging is highly associated with a decline in brain function in humans, as well as in other animals. Macroautophagy is a fundamental arm of the proteostasis network, safeguarding proper protein turnover during different cellular states and against diverse cellular stressors. An intricate interplay between macroautophagy and aging is beginning to unravel, with the emergence of new tools, including those for monitoring autophagy in cultured neurons and in the nervous system of different organisms in vivo. Here, we review recent findings on the impact of aging on neuronal integrity and on neuronal macroautophagy, as they emerge from studies in invertebrate and mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Kallergi
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Shaikh S, Ahmad K, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Lim JH, Beg MMA, Verma AK, Choi I. Natural Products in Therapeutic Management of Multineurodegenerative Disorders by Targeting Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6347792. [PMID: 34557265 PMCID: PMC8455192 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6347792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process that involves the transport of cytoplasmic content in double-membraned vesicles to lysosomes for degradation. Neurons do not undergo cytokinesis, and thus, the cell division process cannot reduce levels of unnecessary proteins. The primary cause of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is the abnormal deposition of proteins inside neuronal cells, and this could be averted by autophagic degradation. Thus, autophagy is an important consideration when considering means of developing treatments for NDs. Various pharmacological studies have reported that the active components in herbal medicines exhibit therapeutic benefits in NDs, for example, by inhibiting cholinesterase activity and modulating amyloid beta levels, and α-synuclein metabolism. A variety of bioactive constituents from medicinal plants are viewed as promising autophagy controllers and are revealed to recover the NDs by targeting the autophagic pathway. In the present review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the therapeutic management of several NDs. The molecular process responsible for autophagy and its importance in various NDs and the beneficial effects of medicinal plants in NDs by targeting autophagy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amit K. Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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37
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Sun H, Wei X, Zeng C. Autophagy in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4231-4244. [PMID: 34345999 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) characterized by the rearrangement of the TFE3 is recently identified as a unique subtype of RCC that urgently requires effective prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, determining suitable therapeutic targets and fully understanding the biological significance of tRCC is essential. The importance of autophagy is increasingly acknowledged because it shows carcinogenic activity or suppressor effect. Autophagy is a physiological cellular process critical to maintaining cell homeostasis, which is involved in the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and macromolecules via the lysosomal pathway, suggesting that targeting autophagy is a potential therapeutic approach for cancer therapies. However, the underlying mechanism of autophagy in tRCC is still ambiguous. In this review, we summarize the autophagy-related signaling pathways associated with tRCC. Moreover, we examine the roles of autophagy and the immune response in tumorigenesis and investigate how these factors interact to facilitate or prevent tumorigenesis. Besides, we review the findings regarding the treatment of tRCC via induction or inhibition of autophagy. Hopefully, this study will shed some light on the functions and implications of autophagy and emphasize its role as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in tRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
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38
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Saleem S. Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necrosis and Their Multi Galore Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2021; 469:162-174. [PMID: 34166763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative disorders is mainly characterized by immense neuron loss and death of glial cells. The mechanisms which are active and regulate neuronal cell death are namely necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis. These death paradigms are governed by a set of molecular determinants that are pivotal in their performance and also exhibit remarkable overlapping functional pathways. A large number of such molecules have been demonstrated to be involved in the switching of death paradigms in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss various molecules and the concurrent crosstalk mediated by them. According to our present knowledge and research in neurodegeneration, molecules like Atg1, Beclin1, LC3, p53, TRB3, RIPK1 play switching roles toggling from one death mechanism to another. In addition, the review also focuses on the exorbitant number of newer molecules with the potential to cross communicate between death pathways and create a complex cell death scenario. This review highlights recent studies on the inter-dependent regulation of cell death paradigms in neurodegeneration, mediated by cross-communication between pathways. This will help in identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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39
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Diceglie C, Anelli GM, Martelli C, Serati A, Lo Dico A, Lisso F, Parisi F, Novielli C, Paleari R, Cetin I, Ottobrini L, Mandò C. Placental Antioxidant Defenses and Autophagy-Related Genes in Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041303. [PMID: 33920886 PMCID: PMC8071310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are increasing worldwide, representing risk factors for both mother and child short/long-term outcomes. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and altered autophagy have already been reported in obesity, but few studies have focused on obese pregnant women with GDM. Antioxidant and macro/chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-related gene expressions were evaluated herein in obese and GDM placentas. A total of 47 women with singleton pregnancies delivered by elective cesarean section were enrolled: 16 normal weight (NW), 18 obese with no comorbidities (OB GDM(–)), 13 obese with GDM (OB GDM(+)). Placental gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Antioxidant gene expression (CAT, GPX1, GSS) decreased, the pro-autophagic ULK1 gene increased and the chaperone-mediated autophagy regulator PHLPP1 decreased in OB GDM(–) vs. NW. On the other hand, PHLPP1 expression increased in OB GDM(+) vs. OB GDM(–). When analyzing results in relation to fetal sex, we found sexual dimorphism for both antioxidant and CMA-related gene expressions. These preliminary results can pave the way for further analyses aimed at elucidating the placental autophagy role in metabolic pregnancy disorders and its potential targetability for the treatment of diabetes outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Anais Serati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabrizia Lisso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy;
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Renata Paleari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy;
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30346 (L.O.); +39-02-503-19883 (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30346 (L.O.); +39-02-503-19883 (C.M.)
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Lo Dico A, Martelli C, Diceglie C, Ottobrini L. The Multifaceted Role of CMA in Glioma: Enemy or Ally? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2217. [PMID: 33672324 PMCID: PMC7926390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a catabolic pathway fundamental for cell homeostasis, by which specific damaged or non-essential proteins are degraded. CMA activity has three main levels of regulation. The first regulatory level is based on the targetability of specific proteins possessing a KFERQ-like domain, which can be recognized by specific chaperones and delivered to the lysosomes. Target protein unfolding and translocation into the lysosomal lumen constitutes the second level of CMA regulation and is based on the modulation of Lamp2A multimerization. Finally, the activity of some accessory proteins represents the third regulatory level of CMA activity. CMA's role in oncology has not been fully clarified covering both pro-survival and pro-death roles in different contexts. Taking all this into account, it is possible to comprehend the actual complexity of both CMA regulation and the cellular consequences of its activity allowing it to be elected as a modulatory and not only catabolic machinery. In this review, the role covered by CMA in oncology is discussed with a focus on its relevance in glioma. Molecular correlates of CMA importance in glioma responsiveness to treatment are described to identify new early efficacy biomarkers and new therapeutic targets to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy; (A.L.D.); (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy; (A.L.D.); (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy; (A.L.D.); (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy; (A.L.D.); (C.M.); (C.D.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
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41
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Rios J, Sequeida A, Albornoz A, Budini M. Chaperone Mediated Autophagy Substrates and Components in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614677. [PMID: 33643916 PMCID: PMC7908825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) represents a specific way of lysosomal protein degradation and contrary to macro and microautophagy is independent of vesicles formation. The role of CMA in different physiopathological processes has been studied for several years. In cancer, alterations of the CMA principal components, Hsc70 and Lamp2A protein and mRNA levels, have been described in malignant cells. However, changes in the expression levels of these CMA components are not always associated with changes in CMA activity and their biological significance must be carefully interpreted case by case. The objective of this review is to discuss whether altering the CMA activity, CMA substrates or CMA components is accurate to avoid cancer progression. In particular, this review will discuss about the evidences in which alterations CMA components Lamp2A and Hsc70 are associated or not with changes in CMA activity in different cancer types. This analysis will help to better understand the role of CMA activity in cancer and to elucidate whether CMA can be considered as target for therapeutics. Further, it will help to define whether the attention of the investigation should be focused on Lamp2A and Hsc70 because they can have an independent role in cancer progression beyond of their participation in altered CMA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Rios
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Sequeida
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelina Albornoz
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center (ARC), Santiago, Chile
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42
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Luu AZ, Luu VZ, Chowdhury B, Kosmopoulos A, Pan Y, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma S. Loss of endothelial cell-specific autophagy-related protein 7 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100926. [PMID: 33553688 PMCID: PMC7851775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective, broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent with serious cardiotoxic side effects, which may lead to the development of heart failure. Current strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) are inadequate. Recent evidence has linked the dysregulation and destruction of the vascular endothelium to the development of DIC. Autophagy is a conserved pro-survival mechanism that recycles and removes damaged sub-cellular components. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) catalyzes autophagosome formation, a critical step in autophagy. In this study, we used endothelial cell-specific Atg7 knockout (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to characterize the role of endothelial cell-specific autophagy in DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice showed reduced survival and a greater decline in cardiac function compared to wild-type controls. Histological assessments revealed increased cardiac fibrosis in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Furthermore, DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band, a biomarker for cardiac damage. Thus, the lack of EC-specific autophagy exacerbated DIC. Future studies on the relationship between EC-specific autophagy and DIC could establish the importance of endothelium protection in preventing DIC. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) may represent a novel target to reduce doxorubicin (DOX)-linked cardiotoxicity. We used EC-specific autophagy-related protein 7 knock-out (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to determine how ATG7 loss in ECs affects DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice exhibited reduced survival and cardiac function. Cardiac fibrosis and serum creatine kinase-myocardial band levels were increased in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Loss of endothelial Atg7 exacerbated DIC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Matheu A. Impact of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Brain Aging: Neurodegenerative Diseases and Glioblastoma. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:630743. [PMID: 33633561 PMCID: PMC7901968 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.630743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by a time-dependent decline of tissue integrity and function, and it is a major risk for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of autophagy specialized in protein degradation, which is based on the individual translocation of a cargo protein through the lysosomal membrane. Regulation of processes such as proteostasis, cellular energetics, or immune system activity has been associated with CMA, indicating its pivotal role in tissue homeostasis. Since first studies associating Parkinson’s disease (PD) to CMA dysfunction, increasing evidence points out that CMA is altered in both physiological and pathological brain aging. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of CMA during aging in brain physiopathology, highlighting the role of CMA in neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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44
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Qian L, TCW J. Human iPSC-Based Modeling of Central Nerve System Disorders for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1203. [PMID: 33530458 PMCID: PMC7865494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput drug screen identifies potentially promising therapeutics for clinical trials. However, limitations that persist in current disease modeling with limited physiological relevancy of human patients skew drug responses, hamper translation of clinical efficacy, and contribute to high clinical attritions. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology revolutionizes the paradigm of drug discovery. In particular, iPSC-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering that appears as a promising vehicle of in vitro disease modeling provides more sophisticated tissue architectures and micro-environmental cues than a traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. Here we discuss 3D based organoids/spheroids that construct the advanced modeling with evolved structural complexity, which propels drug discovery by exhibiting more human specific and diverse pathologies that are not perceived in 2D or animal models. We will then focus on various central nerve system (CNS) disease modeling using human iPSCs, leading to uncovering disease pathogenesis that guides the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, we will address new opportunities of iPSC-assisted drug discovery with multi-disciplinary approaches from bioengineering to Omics technology. Despite technological challenges, iPSC-derived cytoarchitectures through interactions of diverse cell types mimic patients' CNS and serve as a platform for therapeutic development and personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia TCW
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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45
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Liao Z, Wang B, Liu W, Xu Q, Hou L, Song J, Guo Q, Li N. Dysfunction of chaperone-mediated autophagy in human diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1439-1454. [PMID: 33389491 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), one of the degradation pathways of proteins, is highly selective to substrates that have KFERQ-like motif. In this process, the substrate proteins are first recognized by the chaperone protein, heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), then delivered to lysosomal membrane surface where the single-span lysosomal receptor, lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) can bind to the substrate proteins to form a 700 kDa protein complex that allows them to translocate into the lysosome lumen to be degraded by the hydrolytic enzymes. This degradation pathway mediated by CMA plays an important role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, transcription, DNA reparation, cell cycle, cellular response to stress and consequently, regulating many aging-associated human diseases, such as neurodegeneration, cancer and metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of current research on the functional roles of CMA primarily from a perspective of understanding and treating human diseases and also discuss its potential applications for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Electronic Information, Micro-Nano Technology College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlian Song
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingming Guo
- Biotherapy Center, Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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46
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Hanley SE, Cooper KF. Sorting Nexins in Protein Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010017. [PMID: 33374212 PMCID: PMC7823608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is maintained by removing misfolded, damaged, or excess proteins and damaged organelles from the cell by three major pathways; the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and the endo-lysosomal pathway. The requirement for ubiquitin provides a link between all three pathways. Sorting nexins are a highly conserved and diverse family of membrane-associated proteins that not only traffic proteins throughout the cells but also provide a second common thread between protein homeostasis pathways. In this review, we will discuss the connections between sorting nexins, ubiquitin, and the interconnected roles they play in maintaining protein quality control mechanisms. Underlying their importance, genetic defects in sorting nexins are linked with a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, and cancer. This serves to emphasize the critical roles sorting nexins play in many aspects of cellular function.
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47
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Silva VR, Neves SP, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113461. [PMID: 33233671 PMCID: PMC7699739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a physiological process characterized by the degradation of the cell components through lysosomes due to stimuli/stress. In this study, we review the challenges and therapeutic opportunities that autophagy presents in the treatment of cancer. We discussed the results of several studies that evaluated autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in cancer, both through the modulation of therapeutic resistance and the death of cancer cells. Moreover, we discussed the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells and the inhibition of this process as a strategy to overcome resistance and progression of cancer stem cells. Abstract Autophagy is a physiological cellular process that is crucial for development and can occurs in response to nutrient deprivation or metabolic disorders. Interestingly, autophagy plays a dual role in cancer cells—while in some situations, it has a cytoprotective effect that causes chemotherapy resistance, in others, it has a cytotoxic effect in which some compounds induce autophagy-mediated cell death. In this review, we summarize strategies aimed at autophagy for the treatment of cancer, including studies of drugs that can modulate autophagy-mediated resistance, and/or drugs that cause autophagy-mediated cancer cell death. In addition, the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells has also been discussed.
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Pérez-Villegas EM, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Negrete-Díaz JV, Ruiz R, Rosa JL, de Toledo GA, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Armengol JA. HERC1 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Required for Hippocampal Learning and Memory. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:592797. [PMID: 33328904 PMCID: PMC7710975 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.592797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human HERC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase protein develop intellectual disability. The tambaleante (tbl) mouse carries a HERC1 mutation characterized by cerebellar ataxia due of adult cerebellar Purkinje cells death by extensive autophagy. Our previous studies demonstrated that both the neuromuscular junction and the peripheral nerve myelin sheaths are also affected in this mutant. Moreover, there are signs of dysregulated autophagy in the central nervous system in the tbl mouse, affecting spinal cord motor neurons, and pyramidal neurons of the neocortex and the hippocampal CA3 region. The tbl mutation affects associative learning, with absence of short- and long-term potentiation in the lateral amygdala, altered spinogenesis in their neurons, and a dramatic decrease in their glutamatergic input. To assess whether other brain areas engaged in learning processes might be affected by the tbl mutation, we have studied the tbl hippocampus using behavioral tests, ex vivo electrophysiological recordings, immunohistochemistry, the Golgi-Cox method and transmission electron microscopy. The tbl mice performed poorly in the novel-object recognition, T-maze and Morris water maze tests. In addition, there was a decrease in glutamatergic input while the GABAergic one remains unaltered in the hippocampal CA1 region of tbl mice, accompanied by changes in the dendritic spines, and signs of cellular damage. Moreover, the proportions of immature and mature neurons in the dentate gyrus of the tbl hippocampus differ relative to the control mice. Together, these observations demonstrate the important role of HERC1 in regulating synaptic activity during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Pérez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mikel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José V. Negrete-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IBIDELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José A. Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Autophagy regulation using luteolin: new insight into its anti-tumor activity. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:537. [PMID: 33292250 PMCID: PMC7641824 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of novel methods in cancer therapy is important in terms of management and treatment of the life-threatening disorder. It appears that autophagy is a potential target in cancer therapy, as a variety of drugs targeting autophagy have shown great potential in reducing the viability and proliferation of cancer cells. Autophagy is primarily a catabolic process which provides energy during starvation. Besides, this process contributes to the degradation of aged or potentially toxic components and organelles. On the other hand, the source of a variety of naturally occurring anti-tumor drugs are flavonoids which have high anti-tumor activity. Luteolin is a polyphenolic flavone with the great pharmacological effects such as anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor. At the present review, we demonstrate how luteolin affects on autophagy process to induce anti-tumor activity.
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Von Schulze AT, Deng F, Morris JK, Geiger PC. Heat therapy: possible benefits for cognitive function and the aging brain. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1468-1476. [PMID: 32969779 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00168.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, yet there are no disease-modifying treatments available and there is no cure. It is becoming apparent that metabolic and vascular conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension promote the development and accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related dementia pathologies. To this end, aerobic exercise, which is a common lifestyle intervention for both metabolic disease and hypertension, is shown to improve brain health during both healthy aging and dementia. However, noncompliance or other barriers to exercise response are common in exercise treatment paradigms. In addition, reduced intracellular proteostasis and mitochondrial function could contribute to the etiology of AD. Specifically, compromised chaperone systems [i.e., heat shock protein (HSP) systems] can contribute to protein aggregates (i.e., β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) and reduced mitochondrial quality control (i.e., mitophagy). Therefore, novel therapies that target whole body metabolism, the vasculature, and chaperone systems (like HSPs) are needed to effectively treat AD. This review focuses on the role of heat therapy in the treatment and prevention of AD. Heat therapy has been independently shown to reduce whole body insulin resistance, improve vascular function, activate interorgan cross talk via endocytic vesicles, and activate HSPs to improve mitochondrial function and proteostasis in a variety of tissues. Thus, heat therapy could offer immense clinical benefit to patients suffering from AD. Importantly, future studies in patients are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of heat therapy in preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Fengyan Deng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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