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Bień J, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski P, Leciejewska N, Szczepankiewicz D, Sassek M. MOTS-c regulates pancreatic alpha and beta cell functions in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:449-460. [PMID: 38430258 PMCID: PMC11162381 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) peptide on pancreatic cell physiology. Moreover, in this study, we examined the changes in MOTS-c secretion and expression under different conditions. Our experiments were conducted using laboratory cell line cultures, specifically the INS-1E and αTC-1 cell lines, which represent β and α pancreatic cells, respectively. As the pancreas is an endocrine organ, we also tested its hormone regulation capabilities. Furthermore, we assessed the secretion of MOTS-c after incubating the cells with glucose and free fatty acids. Additionally, we examined key cell culture parameters such as cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. The results obtained from this study show that MOTS-c has a significant impact on the physiology of pancreatic cells. Specifically, it lowers insulin secretion and expression in INS-1E cells and enhances glucagon secretion and expression in αTC-1 cells. Furthermore, MOTS-c affects cell viability and apoptosis. Interestingly, insulin and glucagon affect the MOTS-c secretion as well as glucose and free fatty acids. These experiments clearly show that MOTS-c is an important regulator of pancreatic metabolism, and there are numerous properties of MOTS-c yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bień
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Parseh S, Shakerian S, Reza Tabandeh M, Habibi A. An 8-Week study on the effects of high and Moderate-Intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C changes and their relation to metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111656. [PMID: 38636847 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant feature of type 2 diabetes. MOTS-C, a peptide derived from mitochondria, has positive effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. This study explored the impact of high and moderate-intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C alterations and their correlation with metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Thirty male sand rats were divided into six groups: control, MIIT, DM + HIIT, DM + MIIT, DM, and HIIT (5 rats each). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The Wistar sand rats in exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of interval training of varying intensities. Post sample collection, protein expressions of PCG-1a, AMPK, and GLUT4 were assessed through Western blot analysis, while MOTS-C protein expression was determined using ELISA. Both exercise intensity and diabetes significantly affected the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4 proteins, and insulin resistance (p < 0.001). The combined effect of diabetes status and exercise intensity on these levels was also significant (p < 0.001). However, the diabetes effect varied when comparing high-intensity to moderate-intensity exercise. The moderate-intensity exercise group with diabetes showed higher levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, and GLUT4 proteins and reduced insulin resistance levels (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity (p = 0.022) and diabetes (p = 0.008) significantly influenced AMPK protein levels. The interplay between diabetes status and exercise intensity on AMPK protein levels was noteworthy, with the moderate-intensity diabetes group exhibiting higher AMPK levels than the high-intensity diabetes group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, exercise elevates the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4, and AMPK proteins, regulating insulin resistance in diabetic sand rats. Given the AMPK-MOTS-C mitochondrial pathway's mechanisms, interval exercises might enhance the metabolic rates and general health of diabetic rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Parseh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shakerian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Habibi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging? Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16094. [PMID: 38924381 PMCID: PMC11200104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-a classical blood pressure regulator-largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age-related changes and age-associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS-blockade in several mammalian species. RAS-blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS-blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF-1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D-receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS-blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS-blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF-ß, NF-kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS-blockade-aging regulatory pathway-mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS-blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)-even at subclinical doses-offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well-tolerated anti-hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- Master of Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate DepartmentAustral UniversityPilarArgentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
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Savvopoulos S, Hatzikirou H, Jelinek HF. Comparative Analysis of Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Comorbidities: Insights Into the Role of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease. Biomark Insights 2024; 19:11772719231222111. [PMID: 38707193 PMCID: PMC11069335 DOI: 10.1177/11772719231222111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are 90% of diabetes cases, and its prevalence and incidence, including comorbidities, are rising worldwide. Clinically, diabetes and associated comorbidities are identified by biochemical and physical characteristics including glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and tests for cardiovascular, eye and kidney disease. Objectives Diabetes may have a common etiology based on inflammation and oxidative stress that may provide additional information about disease progression and treatment options. Thus, identifying high-risk individuals can delay or prevent diabetes and its complications. Design In patients with or without hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as part of progression from no diabetes to T2DM, this research studied the changes in biomarkers between control and prediabetes, prediabetes to T2DM, and control to T2DM, and classified patients based on first-attendance data. Control patients and patients with hypertension, cardiovascular, and with both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are 156, 148, 61, and 216, respectively. Methods Linear discriminant analysis is used for classification method and feature importance, This study examined the relationship between Humanin and mitochondrial protein (MOTSc), mitochondrial peptides associated with oxidative stress, diabetes progression, and associated complications. Results MOTSc, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and 8-isoprostane were significant (P < .05) for the transition from prediabetes to t2dm, highlighting importance of mitochondrial involvement. complement component 5a (c5a) is a biomarker associated with disease progression and comorbidities, gsh gssg, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), 8-isoprostane being most important biomarkers. Conclusions Comorbidities affect the hypothesized biomarkers as diabetes progresses. Mitochondrial oxidative stress indicators, coagulation, and inflammatory markers help assess diabetes disease development and provide appropriate medications. Future studies will examine longitudinal biomarker evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Savvopoulos
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Kelestemur MM, Bulut F, Bılgın B, Hekım MG, Adam M, Ozcan S, Beker MC, Kaya Tektemur N, Tekin S, Canpolat S, Ozcan M. Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38599217 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2336922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of chronic humanin (HN) treatment on pain-related markers (NMDA, substance P, TRPV1, and IL-1β) in diabetic mice's dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Additionally, we assess the effects of HN on cellular viability in DRG neurons. METHODS In vivo experiments involved 15 days of HN administration (4 mg/kg) to diabetic mice (n = 10). Protein levels of NMDA, IL-1β, TRPV1, and substance P were measured in diabetic DRG. In vitro experiments explored HN's impact on apoptosis and cellular viability, focusing on the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. RESULTS Humanin significantly reduced the elevated expression of NMDA, IL-1β, TRPV1, and substance P induced by diabetes (p < .05). Furthermore, HN treatment increased cellular viability in DRG neurons through JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation (p < .05). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the significance of understanding mitochondrial function and pain markers, as well as apoptosis in diabetes. The study provides insights for managing the condition and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferah Bulut
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bılgın
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Munevver Gizem Hekım
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Adam
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozcan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya Tektemur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
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Atakan MM, Türkel İ, Özerkliğ B, Koşar ŞN, Taylor DF, Yan X, Bishop DJ. Small peptides: could they have a big role in metabolism and the response to exercise? J Physiol 2024; 602:545-568. [PMID: 38196325 DOI: 10.1113/jp283214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment and prevention of numerous chronic diseases. Contracting skeletal muscles provoke widespread perturbations in numerous cells, tissues and organs, which stimulate multiple integrated adaptations that ultimately contribute to the many health benefits associated with regular exercise. Despite much research, the molecular mechanisms driving such changes are not completely resolved. Technological advancements beginning in the early 1960s have opened new avenues to explore the mechanisms responsible for the many beneficial adaptations to exercise. This has led to increased research into the role of small peptides (<100 amino acids) and mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and disease, including those coded within small open reading frames (sORFs; coding sequences that encode small peptides). Recently, it has been hypothesized that sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides and other small peptides play significant roles as exercise-sensitive peptides in exercise-induced physiological adaptation. In this review, we highlight the discovery of mitochondrially derived peptides and newly discovered small peptides involved in metabolism, with a specific emphasis on their functions in exercise-induced adaptations and the prevention of metabolic diseases. In light of the few studies available, we also present data on how both single exercise sessions and exercise training affect expression of sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides. Finally, we outline numerous research questions that await investigation regarding the roles of mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and prevention of various diseases, in addition to their roles in exercise-induced physiological adaptations, for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - İbrahim Türkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Özerkliğ
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dale F Taylor
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Huang J, Feng Q, Zou L, Liu Y, Bao M, Xia W, Zhu C. [Gly14]-humanin exerts a protective effect against D-galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency in mice. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103330. [PMID: 38163419 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is there a protective effect of the humanin derivative [Gly14]-humanin (HNG) on a D-gal-induced mouse model of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and what is the underlying mechanism? DESIGN D-gal (200 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously for 6 weeks to induce the mouse POI model. Mice treated with HNG were injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations for 6 weeks. Ovarian morphology, function, levels of sex hormones and states of oxidative stress in the ovary and body were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the D-gal group, 10 mg/kg HNG improved the abnormal ovarian morphology and oestrous cycle (P = 0.0036), increased the number of ovarian follicles (P = 0.0016) and litters (P = 0.0127), and increased the levels of oestrogen (P = 0.0043) and AMH (P = 0.0147). Antioxidant indicators in the ovaries and serum of mice, including total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0032, respectively), catalase (P = 0.0173 and P = 0.0103, respectively) and glutathione (both P < 0.0001) were significantly increased. The oxidation indicator malondialdehyde decreased significantly (all P < 0.01). Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells was significantly reduced (P = 0.0140) as was the expression of senescence-related proteins p53, p21 and p16 (all P < 0.01). The level of autophagy in ovarian tissue of mice treated with high increased (significantly increased LC3 protein [P < 0.0001] and significantly reduced p62 protein [P = 0.0007]). CONCLUSIONS HNG inhibited D-gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and ovarian damage, promoting ovarian autophagy. HNG may be a potential prophylactic agent against POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Bao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China..
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China..
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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Tang M, Su Q, Duan Y, Fu Y, Liang M, Pan Y, Yuan J, Wang M, Pang X, Ma J, Laher I, Li S. The role of MOTS-c-mediated antioxidant defense in aerobic exercise alleviating diabetic myocardial injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19781. [PMID: 37957221 PMCID: PMC10643467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction are commonly observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic exercise can partly alleviate diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunction through its antioxidant actions. MOTS-c is a potential exercise mimic. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MOTS-c on improving diabetic heart function and its mechanism and to identify whether MOTS-c improved antioxidant defenses due to aerobic exercise. Herein, we established a rat model of T2DM induced by high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. Interventions were performed using intraperitoneal injections of MOTS-c (i.p. 0.5 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week) or aerobic exercise training (treadmill, 20 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) for 8 weeks. Myocardial ultrastructure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), myocardial lipid peroxidation levels (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) levels were assessed using colorimetric methods, and molecular analyses including MOTS-c, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)and phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK) were examined using Western blot. The results showed that MOTS-c, with or without exercise, reduced myocardial ultrastructural damage and improved glucolipid metabolism and cardiac function in T2DM. Furthermore, MOTS-c increased antioxidant markers such as SOD, CAT, and the protein expression of myocardial MOTS-c, Keap1, Nrf2, and p-AMPK. MOTS-c with exercise treatment reduced myocardial MDA and increased p-AMPK significantly comparing to only exercise or MOTS-c alone. Our findings suggest that MOTS-c may be a helpful supplement for overcoming exercise insufficiency and improving myocardial structure and function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- School of Physical Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quansheng Su
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yimei Duan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Thamarai Kannan H, Issac PK, Dey N, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. A Review on Mitochondrial Derived Peptide Humanin and Small Humanin-Like Peptides and Their Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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13
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Zhang Z, Chen D, Du K, Huang Y, Li X, Li Q, Lv X. MOTS-c: A potential anti-pulmonary fibrosis factor derived by mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00052-1. [PMID: 37307934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious lung disease characterized by diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure, with a poor prognosis and unclear etiopathogenesis. While ageing, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been proposed as potential contributors to the development of PF, effective treatments for this condition remain elusive. However, Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c), a peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome, has shown promising effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, cellular and mitochondrial homeostasis, as well as the reduction of systemic inflammatory responses, and is being investigated as a potential exercise mimetic. Additionally, dynamic expression changes of MOTS-c have been closely linked to ageing and ageing-related diseases, indicating its potential as an exercise mimetic. Therefore, the review aims to comprehensively analyze the available literature on the potential role of MOTS-c in improving PF development and to identify specific therapeutic targets for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Kaili Du
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Xingzhe Li
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Quwen Li
- Department of Fujian Zoonosis Research Key Laboratory, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China; Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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14
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Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c: Potential Therapeutic Candidate in Retinal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020518. [PMID: 36830076 PMCID: PMC9952431 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) is the most unearthed peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It is an important regulator of the nuclear genome during times of stress because it promotes an adaptive stress response to maintain cellular homeostasis. Identifying MOTS-c specific binding partners may aid in deciphering the complex web of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded signals. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been linked to aging and the accelerated cell death associated with many types of retinal degenerations. Furthermore, research on MOTS-c ability to revive oxidatively stressed RPE cells has revealed a significant protective role for the molecule. Evidence suggests that senescent cells play a role in the development of age-related retinal disorders. This review examines the links between MOTS-c, mitochondria, and age-related diseases of the retina. Moreover, the untapped potential of MOTS-c as a treatment for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration is reviewed.
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15
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Amado CA, Martín-Audera P, Agüero J, Lavín BA, Guerra AR, Boucle D, Ferrer-Pargada D, Berja A, Martín F, Casanova C, García-Unzueta M. Circulating levels of mitochondrial oxidative stress-related peptides MOTS-c and Romo1 in stable COPD: A cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1100211. [PMID: 36844198 PMCID: PMC9944395 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MOTS-c and Romo1 are mitochondrial peptides that are modulated by oxidative stress. No previous studies have explored circulating levels of MOTS-c in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We enrolled 142 patients with stable COPD and 47 smokers with normal lung function in an observational cross-sectional study. We assessed serum levels of both MOTS-c and Romo1 and associated these findings with clinical characteristics of COPD. Results Compared with smokers with normal lung function, patients with COPD had lower levels of MOTS-c (p = 0.02) and higher levels of Romo1 (p = 0.01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that above-median MOTS-c levels were positively associated with Romo1 levels (OR 1.075, 95% CI 1.005-1.150, p = 0.036), but no association was found with other COPD characteristics. Below-median levels of circulating MOTS-c were associated with oxygen desaturation (OR 3.25 95% CI 1.456-8.522, p = 0.005) and walking <350 meters (OR 3.246 95% CI 1.229-8.577, p = 0.018) in six-minute walk test. Above-median levels of Romo1 were positively associated with current smoking (OR 2.756, 95% CI 1.133-6.704, p = 0.025) and negatively associated with baseline oxygen saturation (OR 0.776 95% CI 0.641-0.939, p = 0.009). Conclusions Reduced levels of circulating MOTS-c and increased levels of Romo1 were detected in patients diagnosed with COPD. Low levels of MOTS-c were associated with oxygen desaturation and poorer exercise capacity using 6 min walk test. Romo1 was associated with current smoking and baseline oxygen saturation. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov; No.: NCT04449419; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Date of registration: June 26, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Amado
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain,University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cantabria), Santander, Spain,*Correspondence: Carlos A. Amado ✉
| | - Paula Martín-Audera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Agüero
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Bernardo A. Lavín
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Armando R. Guerra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Diego Ferrer-Pargada
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Berja
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Unidad de Deshabituación Tabáquica (UDESTA), Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Santander, Spain
| | - Ciro Casanova
- Servicio de Neumología-Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mayte García-Unzueta
- University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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Johns A, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Thorwald MA, Vilchez D. A tale of two pathways: Regulation of proteostasis by UPR mt and MDPs. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102673. [PMID: 36621224 PMCID: PMC9845188 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fitness is critical to organismal health and its impairment is associated with aging and age-related diseases. As such, numerous quality control mechanisms exist to preserve mitochondrial stability, including the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRmt). The UPRmt is a conserved mechanism that drives the transcriptional activation of mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, autophagy (mitophagy), and metabolism to promote restoration of mitochondrial function under stress conditions. UPRmt has direct ramifications in aging, and its activation is often ascribed to improve health whereas its dysfunction tends to correlate with disease. This review pairs a description of the most recent findings within the field of UPRmt with a more poorly understood field: mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). Similar to UPRmt, MDPs are microproteins derived from the mitochondria that can impact organismal health and longevity. We then highlight a tantalizing interconnection between UPRmt and MDPs wherein both mechanisms may be efficiently coordinated to maintain organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Johns
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. https://twitter.com/AngyJohns
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California. 3715 McClintock Ave, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California. 3715 McClintock Ave, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Kumagai H, Miller B, Kim SJ, Leelaprachakul N, Kikuchi N, Yen K, Cohen P. Novel Insights into Mitochondrial DNA: Mitochondrial Microproteins and mtDNA Variants Modulate Athletic Performance and Age-Related Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:286. [PMID: 36833212 PMCID: PMC9956216 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports genetics research began in the late 1990s and over 200 variants have been reported as athletic performance- and sports injuries-related genetic polymorphisms. Genetic polymorphisms in the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes are well-established for athletic performance, while collagen-, inflammation-, and estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms are reported as genetic markers for sports injuries. Although the Human Genome Project was completed in the early 2000s, recent studies have discovered previously unannotated microproteins encoded in small open reading frames. Mitochondrial microproteins (also called mitochondrial-derived peptides) are encoded in the mtDNA, and ten mitochondrial microproteins, such as humanin, MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c), SHLPs 1-6 (small humanin-like peptides 1 to 6), SHMOOSE (Small Human Mitochondrial ORF Over SErine tRNA), and Gau (gene antisense ubiquitous in mtDNAs) have been identified to date. Some of those microproteins have crucial roles in human biology by regulating mitochondrial function, and those, including those to be discovered in the future, could contribute to a better understanding of human biology. This review describes a basic concept of mitochondrial microproteins and discusses recent findings about the potential roles of mitochondrial microproteins in athletic performance as well as age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naphada Leelaprachakul
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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18
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Wan W, Zhang L, Lin Y, Rao X, Wang X, Hua F, Ying J. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging. J Transl Med 2023; 21:36. [PMID: 36670507 PMCID: PMC9854231 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c is a peptide encoded by the short open reading frame of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It is significantly expressed in response to stress or exercise and translocated to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of stress adaptation-related genes with antioxidant response elements (ARE). MOTS-c mainly acts through the Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway, thereby influencing energy metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, exercise, aging and aging-related pathologies. Because of the potential role of MOTS-c in maintaining energy and stress homeostasis to promote healthy aging, especially in view of the increasing aging of the global population, it is highly pertinent to summarize the relevant studies. This review summarizes the retrograde signaling of MOTS-c toward the nucleus, the regulation of energy metabolism, stress homeostasis, and aging-related pathological processes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Rao
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
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Burtscher J, Soltany A, Visavadiya NP, Burtscher M, Millet GP, Khoramipour K, Khamoui AV. Mitochondrial stress and mitokines in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13770. [PMID: 36642986 PMCID: PMC9924952 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21, GDF15 (both expressed in the nucleus) and several mitochondrial-derived peptides, including humanin. Their responsiveness to mitochondrial stress induces mitokine-signaling in response for example to exercise, following mitochondrial challenges in skeletal muscle. Such signaling is emerging as an important mediator of exercise-derived and dietary strategy-related molecular and systemic health benefits, including healthy aging. A compensatory increase in mitokine synthesis and secretion could preserve mitochondrial function and overall cellular vitality. Conversely, resistance against mitokine actions may also develop. Alterations of mitokine-levels, and therefore of mitokine-related inter-tissue cross talk, are associated with general aging processes and could influence the development of age-related chronic metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological diseases; whether these changes contribute to aging or represent "rescue factors" remains to be conclusively shown. The aim of the present review is to summarize the expanding knowledge on mitokines, the potential to modulate them by lifestyle and their involvement in aging and age-related diseases. We highlight the importance of well-balanced mitokine-levels, the preventive and therapeutic properties of maintaining mitokine homeostasis and sensitivity of mitokine signaling but also the risks arising from the dysregulation of mitokines. While reduced mitokine levels may impair inter-organ crosstalk, also excessive mitokine concentrations can have deleterious consequences and are associated with conditions such as cancer and heart failure. Preservation of healthy mitokine signaling levels can be achieved by regular exercise and is associated with an increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Afsaneh Soltany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ShirazShirazIran
| | - Nishant P. Visavadiya
- Department of Exercise Science and Health PromotionFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport ScienceUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Andy V. Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health PromotionFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
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20
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Wang M, Wang G, Pang X, Ma J, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I, Li S. MOTS-c repairs myocardial damage by inhibiting the CCN1/ERK1/2/EGR1 pathway in diabetic rats. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1060684. [PMID: 36687680 PMCID: PMC9846618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac structure remodeling and dysfunction are common complications of diabetes, often leading to serious cardiovascular events. MOTS-c, a mitochondria-derived peptide, regulates metabolic homeostasis by accelerating glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity. Plasma levels of MOTS-c are decreased in patients with diabetes. MOTS-c can improve vascular endothelial function, making it a novel therapeutic target for the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We investigated the effects of MOTS-c on cardiac structure and function and analyzed transcriptomic characteristics in diabetic rats. Our results indicate that treatment with MOTS-c for 8-week repaired myocardial mitochondrial damage and preserved cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MOTS-c altered 47 disease causing genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated MOTS-c attenuated diabetic heart disease involved apoptosis, immunoregulation, angiogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, MOTS-c reduced myocardial apoptosis by downregulating CCN1 genes and thereby inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2 and the expression of its downstream EGR1 gene. Our findings identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2D and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Physical Education Section, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Shunchang Li,
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Luo YH, Xie L, Li JY, Xie Y, Li MQ, Zhou L. Serum MOTS-C Levels are Decreased in Obese Children and Associated with Vascular Endothelial Function. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1013-1020. [PMID: 37077579 PMCID: PMC10106799 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s403934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demand more discovery of the novel biomarkers for developing new treatment options for this complex disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum MOTS-C (a peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome) levels and vascular endothelial function in obese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 225 obese children (aged 8.1 ± 2.6 years) and 218 healthy children (aged 7.9 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. Related anthropometric assessment and biochemical evaluation were done in all subjects. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), as assessed by the peripheral arterial tonometry, was used for evaluation of peripheral endothelial function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the level of serum MOTS-C. RESULTS Levels of serum MOTS-C and RHI were lower in the obese children compared with the healthy children (P < 0.01). The RHI level was independently associated with body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and MOTS-C in linear regression analysis. Further analysis showed a significant mediating effect of MOTS-C on the correlation between body mass index and RHI in children, with the ratio of mediating effect value of 9.12%. CONCLUSION These data identify that MOTS-C is a previously unknown regulator in the development process of obesity-induced vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xie
- Pediatric Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Qin Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li Zhou, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18573477875, Email
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22
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Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Circulating levels of MOTS-c in patients with breast cancer treated with metformin. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:892-897. [PMID: 36490309 PMCID: PMC10008497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitokine MOTS-c is a mitochondrially-encoded "exercise-mimetic peptide" expressed in multiple tissues, particularly skeletal muscles, which can be detected as a circulating hormone in the blood. MOTS-c mechanisms of action (MoA) involve insulin sensitization, enhanced glucose utilization, suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and targeting of the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway. Although MOTS-c MoA largely overlap those of the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin, the putative regulatory actions of metformin on MOTS-c have not yet been evaluated in detail. Here, we measured circulating MOTS-c in paired baseline and post-treatment sera obtained from HER2-positive breast cancer patients randomized to receive either metformin combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab or an equivalent regimen without metformin. We failed to find any significant alteration of circulating MOTS-c -as measured using the commercially available competitive ELISA CEX132Hu- in response to 24 weeks of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy/trastuzumab regimen with or without daily metformin. Changes in circulating MOTS-c levels failed to reach statistical significance when comparing patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR), irrespective of metformin treatment. The inability of metformin to target skeletal muscle, the major tissue for MOTS-c production and secretion, might limit its regulatory effects on circulating MOTS-c. Further studies are needed to definitely elucidate the nature of the interaction between metformin and MOTS-c in cancer and non-cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17005, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona 17190, Spain
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MOTS-c, the Most Recent Mitochondrial Derived Peptide in Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911991. [PMID: 36233287 PMCID: PMC9570330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a 16 amino acid mitochondrial derived peptide, is encoded from the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Under stress conditions, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it regulates a wide range of genes in response to metabolic dysfunction. It is colocalized to mitochondria in various tissues and is found in plasma, but the levels decline with age. Since MOTS-c has important cellular functions as well as a possible hormonal role, it has been shown to have beneficial effects on age-related diseases including Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Osteoporosis, postmenopausal obesity and Alzheimer. Aging is characterized by gradual loss of (mitochondrial) metabolic balance, decreased muscle homeostasis and eventual diminished physical capability, which potentially can be reversed with MOTS-c treatment. This review examines the latest findings on biological effects of MOTS-c as a nuclear regulatory peptide and focuses on the role of MOTS-c in aging and age-related disorders, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
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Kaorop W, Maneechote C, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mitochondrial-derived peptides as a novel intervention for obesity and cardiac diseases: bench evidence for potential bedside application. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:jclinpath-2022-208321. [PMID: 35863886 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Currently, obesity is the most common major health problem for people worldwide. Obesity is known to be a significant risk factor for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, eventually leading to the development of chronic systemic disorders. Previous studies showed that mitochondrial dysfunction could be one of the potential mechanisms for obesity progression. Most interventions used for combating obesity have also been reported to modulate mitochondrial function, suggesting the potential role of mitochondria in the pathology of the obese condition. Recent studies have shown that peptides produced by mitochondria, mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs), potentially improve metabolic function and exert benefits in obesity-associated diabetes and various heart pathologies. In this review, the roles of MDPs in the metabolic pathways and their use in the treatment of various adverse effects of obesity are comprehensively summarised based on collective evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The roles of MDPs as novel therapeutic interventions for cardiac dysfunction caused by various stresses or toxicities are also presented and discussed. This review aims to summarise the knowledge regarding the effects of MDPs on obesity, with a particular emphasis on their potential protective effects on the impaired cardiac function associated with obesity. The information from this review will also encourage further clinical investigations to warrant the potential application of MDP interventions in the clinical setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichida Kaorop
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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25
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Tekin S, Bir LS, Avci E, Şenol H, Tekin I, Çınkır U. Comparison of Serum Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls. Cureus 2022; 14:e26981. [PMID: 35989823 PMCID: PMC9385168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major global problem, and as its pathogenesis is understood more clearly, therapeutic options expand accordingly. The mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is a novel mitochondria-derived protein acting on metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of serum MOTS-c in the pathophysiology of the disease in MS patients and to discuss the mechanism of MOTS-c. Methodology In total, 43 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. MOTS-c, fasting blood glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid panel, and body mass index levels were assessed. Results The participants’ MOTS-c levels remained significantly lower than that of the control group, while their fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR values were higher. The multivariate logistic regression analysis established that increased MOTS-c levels could be a protective factor against the development of MS disease. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MOTS-c was calculated as 0.782 (95% confidence interval = 0.684-0.879, p = 0.0001). Conclusions This study is the first to scrutinize MOTS-c levels in MS patients. We tried to provide clinical evidence that MOTS-c could act as a highly discriminative biomarker between MS patients and control groups, which may hold great promise for future therapeutic options.
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Evolution of Mitochondrially Derived Peptides Humanin and MOTSc, and Changes in Insulin Sensitivity during Early Gestation in Women with and without Gestational Diabetes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113003. [PMID: 35683389 PMCID: PMC9181699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to study the evolution of mitochondrially derived peptides (MDPs) and their relationship with changes in insulin sensitivity from the early stages of pregnancy in a cohort of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes (GDM). MDPs (humanin and MOTSc) were assessed in the first and second trimesters of gestation in 28 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and a subgroup of 45 pregnant women without GDM matched by BMI, age, previous gestations, and time of sampling. Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as a HOMA-IR index ≥70th percentile. We observed a significant reduction in both humanin and MOTSc levels from the first to the second trimesters of pregnancy. After adjusting for predefined variables, including BMI, statistically nonsignificant associations between lower levels of humanin and the occurrence of a high HOMA-IR index were obtained (adjusted OR = 2.63 and 3.14 for the first and second trimesters, linear p-trend 0.260 and 0.175, respectively). Regarding MOTSc, an association was found only for the second trimester: adjusted OR = 7.68 (95% CI 1.49–39.67), linear p-trend = 0.012. No significant associations were observed in humanin change with insulin resistance throughout pregnancy, but changes in MOTSc levels were significantly associated with HOMA-IR index: adjusted OR 3.73 (95% CI 1.03–13.50). In conclusion, MOTSc levels, especially a strong decrease from the first to second trimester of gestation, may be involved in increasing insulin resistance during early gestation.
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Abstract
The mechanisms that explain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and healthspan continue to be studied, but one element has been unexplored: microproteins. Small open reading frames in circular mitochondria DNA can encode multiple microproteins, called mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). Currently, eight MDPs have been published: humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLPs 1–6. This Review describes recent advances in microprotein discovery with a focus on MDPs. It discusses what is currently known about MDPs in aging and how this new understanding could add to the way we understand age-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases at the genomic, proteomic, and drug-development levels.
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Boutari C, Pappas PD, Theodoridis TD, Vavilis D. Humanin and diabetes mellitus: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:213-223. [PMID: 35432758 PMCID: PMC8984571 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived polypeptide with cyto-protective and anti-apoptotic effects that regulates the mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests the role of HN against age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The decline in insulin action is a metabolic feature of aging and thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered an age-related disease, as well. It has been suggested that HN increases insulin sensitivity, improves the survival of pancreatic beta cells, and delays the onset of diabetes, actions that could be deployed in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review is to present the in vitro and in vivo studies that examined the role of HN in insulin resistance and diabetes and to discuss its newly emerging role as a therapeutic option against those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Pappas
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Theodoros D Theodoridis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 20537 1678, Cyprus
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29
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Cardio-protective role of Humanin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130066. [PMID: 34896254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are bioactive peptides encoded by and secreted from the mitochondria. To date, a few MDPs including humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP1-6, and their diverse biological functions have been identified. The first and most studied MDP is humanin, a 24-amino-acid poly peptide. It was first identified in 2001 in the surviving neurons of patient with Alzheimer's disease, and since then has been well characterized for its neuro-protective effect through inhibition of apoptosis. Over the past two decades, humanin has been reported to play critical roles in aging as well as multiple diseases including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disease. Humanin has been shown to modulate multiple biological processes including autophagy, ER stress, cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A role for humanin has been shown in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and myocardial fibrosis. In this minireview, we will summarize the literature demonstrating a role for humanin in cardio-protection following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced injury and the potential mechanisms that mediate it.
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Rochette L, Rigal E, Dogon G, Malka G, Zeller M, Vergely C, Cottin Y. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: New markers for cardiometabolic dysfunction. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 115:48-56. [PMID: 34972639 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Great attention is being paid to the evaluation of new markers in blood circulation for the estimation of tissue metabolism disturbance. This endogenous disturbance may contribute to the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to their role in energy production and metabolism, mitochondria play a main function in cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis, oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria produce mitochondrial-derived peptides that mediate the transcriptional stress response by translocating into the nucleus and interacting with deoxyribonucleic acid. This class of peptides includes humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and small humanin-like peptides. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism, exerting cytoprotective effects through antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory responses and antiapoptosis; they are emerging biomarkers reflecting mitochondrial function, and the circulating concentration of these proteins can be used to diagnose cardiometabolic dysfunction. The aims of this review are: (1) to describe the emerging role for mitochondrial-derived peptides as biomarkers; and (2) to discuss the therapeutic application of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Eve Rigal
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Geoffrey Dogon
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Centre interface applications médicales (CIAM), université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Cardiology Unit, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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Li S, Wang M, Ma J, Pang X, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812032. [PMID: 35370955 PMCID: PMC8969227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is important in inhibiting myocardial pathologic remodeling and restoring cardiac function in diabetes. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c has exercise-like effects by improving insulin resistance, combatting hyperglycemia, and reducing lipid accumulation. We investigated the effects and transcriptomic profiling of MOTS-c and aerobic exercise on cardiac properties in a rat model of type 2 diabetes which was induced by feeding a high fat high sugar diet combined with an injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Both aerobic exercise and MOTS-c treatment reduced abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. Transcriptomic function enrichment analysis revealed that MOTS-c had exercise-like effects on inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and showed that the NRG1-ErbB4 pathway might be an important component in both MOTS-c and exercise induced attenuation of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Moreover, our findings suggest that MOTS-c activates NRG1-ErbB4 signaling and mimics exercise-induced cardio-protection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ismail Laher,
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Yin Y, Pan Y, He J, Zhong H, Wu Y, Ji C, Liu L, Cui X. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105987. [PMID: 34798268 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The most common complication during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and result in the mother and infant having a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. However, existing therapies for GDM remain scant, with the most common being lifestyle intervention and appropriate insulin treatment. MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, can target skeletal muscle and enhance glucose metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that MOTS-c can be an effective treatment for GDM. A GDM mouse model was established by short term high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatment while MOTS-c was administrated daily during pregnancy. GDM symptoms such as blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, as well as reproductive outcomes were investigated. MOTS-c significantly alleviated hyperglycemia, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and reduced birth weight and the death of offspring induced by GDM. Similar to a previous study, MOTS-c also could activate insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of GDM mice and elevate glucose uptake in vitro. In addition, we found that MOTS-c protects pancreatic β-cell from STZ-mediated injury. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MOTS-c could be a promising strategy for the treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yihui Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jin He
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Changes in MOTS-c Level in the Blood of Pregnant Women with Metabolic Disorders. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101032. [PMID: 34681131 PMCID: PMC8533113 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic relationships between mother and child are currently some of the most studied in the context of maternal imprinting. This is particularly important in the context of metabolic diseases as well as newly discovered peptides, proteins, and biologically active substances produced in the bodies of a mother and child. One of them is MOTS-c, which belongs to the group of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDP). The first reports show that it plays an important metabolic role in carbohydrate–lipid metabolism. We decided to investigate the concentration changes in MOTS-c levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood at delivery in healthy, obese, and hypothyroidism subjects. We found changes in MOTS-c levels depending on the metabolic condition of mothers. Abstract MOTS-c peptide is a member of the group of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDP). It is a product of the open reading frame in the 12S RNA gene. Due to its features and functions in the body, this peptide is classified as a hormone. The first publications indicated that this hormone improves insulin sensitivity and lowers body weight in obese animals. This suggests that it may be an important peptide in maintaining the body’s energy homeostasis. The aim of our work was to investigate the potential role of MOTS-c peptide during pregnancy, which is a condition prone to metabolic disorders. The research covered healthy, obese women and women with thyroid disorders. The obtained results indicated an increase in the concentration of MOTS-c in the blood of mothers and newborns in the obese group as compared to the healthy control group and a corresponding decrease in the concentration of this peptide in mothers and newborns in the group with hypothyroidism compared to the obese group. Moreover, we also observed a strong positive correlation between the concentration of MOTS-c in maternal blood and in umbilical cord blood. In summary, the MOTS-c peptide shows changes in blood concentration in various physiological states and may, in the future, become an important tool in the fight against metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.
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Sequeira IR, Woodhead JST, Chan A, D'Souza RF, Wan J, Hollingsworth KG, Plank LD, Cohen P, Poppitt SD, Merry TL. Plasma mitochondrial derived peptides MOTS-c and SHLP2 positively associate with android and liver fat in people without diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129991. [PMID: 34419510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and hypothesised to form part of a retrograde signalling network that modulates adaptive responses to metabolic stress. To understand how metabolic stress regulates MDPs in humans we assessed the association between circulating MOTS-c and SHLP2 and components of metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as depot-specific fat mass in participants without overt type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. One-hundred and twenty-five Chinese participants (91 male, 34 female) had anthropometry, whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and fasted blood samples analysed. Chinese female participants and an additional 34 European Caucasian female participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) for visceral, pancreatic and liver fat quantification. In Chinese participants (age = 41 ± 1 years, BMI = 27.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2), plasma MOTS-c (315 ± 27 pg/ml) and SHLP2 (1393 ± 82 pg/ml) were elevated in those with MS (n = 26). While multiple components of the MS sequelae positively associated with both MOTS-c and SHLP2, including blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, the most significant of these was waist circumference (p < 0.0001). Android fat had a greater effect on increasing plasma MOTS-c (p < 0.004) and SHLP2 (p < 0.009) relative to whole body fat. Associations with MRI/S parameters corrected for total body fat mass revealed that liver fat positively associated with plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 and visceral fat with SHLP2. Consistent with hepatic stress being a driver of circulating MDP concentrations, plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 were higher in participants with elevated liver damage markers and in male C57Bl/6j mice fed a diet that induces hepatic lipid accumulation and damage. Our findings provide evidence that in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes, components of the MS positively associated with levels of MOTS-c and SHLP2 and that android fat, in particular liver fat, is a primary driver of these associations. MOTS-c and SHLP2 have previously been shown to have cyto- and metabolo-protective properties, therefore we suggest that liver stress may be a mitochondrial peptide signal, and that mitochondrial peptides are part of a hepatic centric-hormetic response intended to restore metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kieren G Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Riddet CoRE for Food and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168770. [PMID: 34445477 PMCID: PMC8396025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are small peptides hidden in the mitochondrial DNA, maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses. Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP1-6. MDPs have demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-protecting properties both in vitro and in vivo. Recent research suggests that MDPs have a significant cardioprotective role, affecting CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) development and progression. CVDs are the leading cause of death globally; this term combines disorders of the blood vessels and heart. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the relationships between MDPs and the main cardiovascular risk factors (atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and ageing). We also will discuss the therapeutic application of MDPs, modified and synthetic MDPs, and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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von Walden F, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Norrbom JM, Emanuelsson EB, Figueiredo VC, Gidlund EK, Norrbrand L, Liu C, Sandström P, Hansson B, Wan J, Cohen P, Alkner B. Acute endurance exercise stimulates circulating levels of mitochondrial derived peptides in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1035-1042. [PMID: 34351816 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00706.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial derived peptides (MDPs) humanin (HN) and mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) are involved in cell survival, suppression of apoptosis and metabolism. Circulating levels of MDPs are altered in chronic diseases such as diabetes type 2 and chronic kidney disease. Whether acute resistance (RE) or endurance (EE) exercise modulates circulating levels of HN and MOTS-c in humans is unknown. Following familiarization, subjects were randomized to EE (n=10, 45 min cycling at 70% of estimated VO2max), RE (n=10, 4 sets x 7RM, leg press and knee extension), or control (CON, n=10). Skeletal muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected before and at 30 minutes and 3 hours following exercise. Plasma concentration of HN and MOTS-c, skeletal muscle MOTS-c as well as gene expression of exercise related genes were analyzed. Acute EE and RE promoted changes in skeletal muscle gene expression typically seen in response to each exercise modality (c-Myc, 45S pre-rRNA, PGC-1α-total and PGC-1α-ex1b). At rest, circulating levels of HN were positively correlated to MOTS-c levels and age. Plasma levels of MDPs were not correlated to fitness outcomes (VO2max, leg strength or muscle mitochondrial (mt) DNA copy number). Circulating levels of HN were significantly elevated by acute EE but not RE. MOTS-C levels showed a trend to increase after EE. These results indicate that plasma MDP levels are not related to fitness status but that acute EE increases circulating levels of MDPs, in particular HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vandre C Figueiredo
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eva-Karin Gidlund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Norrbrand
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Sandström
- Department of Orthopaedics Eksjö, Region Jönköping County and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Hansson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Björn Alkner
- Department of Orthopaedics Eksjö, Region Jönköping County and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Kong BS, Min SH, Lee C, Cho YM. Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109447. [PMID: 34320351 PMCID: PMC10083145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are principal metabolic organelles that are increasingly unveiled as immune regulators. However, it is currently not known whether mitochondrial-encoded peptides modulate T cells to induce changes in phenotype and function. In this study, we found that MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) prevented autoimmune β cell destruction by targeting T cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MOTS-c ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and reduced islet-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T cells from MOTS-c-treated NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of diabetes in NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Metabolic and genomic analyses revealed that MOTS-c modulated T cell phenotype and function by regulating T cell receptor (TCR)/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients had a lower serum MOTS-c level than did healthy controls. Furthermore, MOTS-c reduced T cell activation by alleviating T cells from the glycolytic stress in T1D patients, suggesting therapeutic potential. Our findings indicate that MOTS-c regulates the T cell phenotype and suppresses autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Qiu L, Deng Z, Zhao C, Xiao T, Weng C, Li J, Zheng L. Nutritional composition and proteomic analysis of soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) egg and identification of oligopeptides with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110414. [PMID: 34112417 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore nutritional compositions and proteomics of soft-shelled turtle (SST) egg, as well as identify potential antidiabetic oligopeptides with α-glucosidase inhibitory property. Results revealed that SST egg is a promising source of highly nutritious proteins and minerals (54.64% and 5.81% of dry matter, respectively). Further proteomic analysis showed SST egg proteins contained at least 9 protein families, such as transferrin/iron binding protein and immunoregulation-related protein. Hydrolysis by different enzymes, especially papain, remarkably increased α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and scavenging activity for ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl and oxygen radicals of SST egg proteins. Peptides from papain hydrolysate were fractionated using ultrafiltration followed by reverse phase chromatography, and 16 peptides were identified in the most active fraction by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecular docking revealed that 14 of these peptides could easily dock into the substrate-binding pocket and/or inhibitor binding sites of α-glucosidase with the docking score below -150 kcal/mol, indicating their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. The five most abundant oligopeptides with potent interaction with α-glucosidase were further synthesized, and oligopeptides HNKPEVEVR, ARDASVLK and SGTLLHK strongly inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 of 56, 195 and 289 µmol/L, respectively). Therefore, oligopeptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of SST egg protein exhibit potential antidiabetic activity, making it a promising functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chen Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Kang GM, Min SH, Lee CH, Kim JY, Lim HS, Choi MJ, Jung SB, Park JW, Kim S, Park CB, Dugu H, Choi JH, Jang WH, Park SE, Cho YM, Kim JG, Kim KG, Choi CS, Kim YB, Lee C, Shong M, Kim MS. Mitohormesis in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons Mediates Regular Exercise-Induced High-Turnover Metabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:334-349.e6. [PMID: 33535098 PMCID: PMC7959183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade mitochondrial stress can promote health and longevity, a phenomenon termed mitohormesis. Here, we demonstrate the opposing metabolic effects of low-level and high-level mitochondrial ribosomal (mitoribosomal) stress in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neuron-specific severe mitoribosomal stress due to Crif1 homodeficiency causes obesity in mice. By contrast, mild mitoribosomal stress caused by Crif1 heterodeficiency in POMC neurons leads to high-turnover metabolism and resistance to obesity. These metabolic benefits are mediated by enhanced thermogenesis and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (UPRmt) in distal adipose tissues. In POMC neurons, partial Crif1 deficiency increases the expression of β-endorphin (β-END) and mitochondrial DNA-encoded peptide MOTS-c. Central administration of MOTS-c or β-END recapitulates the adipose phenotype of Crif1 heterodeficient mice, suggesting these factors as potential mediators. Consistently, regular running exercise at moderate intensity stimulates hypothalamic MOTS-c/β-END expression and induces adipose tissue UPRmt and thermogenesis. Our findings indicate that POMC neuronal mitohormesis may underlie exercise-induced high-turnover metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Myoung Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chae Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hong Dugu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kyung-Gon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Gachon University, Inchon 21999, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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Kim J, Choi JW, Namkung J. Expression Profile of Mouse Gm20594, Nuclear-Encoded Humanin-Like Gene. J Lifestyle Med 2021; 11:13-22. [PMID: 33763338 PMCID: PMC7957044 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2021.11.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) such as MOTS-c and humanin have been studied for their cytoprotective functions. In mice, humanin-encoding Mtrnr2 is a mitochondrial pseudogene, and the humanin-like peptide is encoded by the nuclear Gm20594 gene. However, endogenous tissue-specific expression profiles of Gm20594 have not yet been identified. Methods Mtrnr1 and Gm20594 expression was profiled via reverse transcription using only oligo(dT) primers from tissues of C57BL6/J mice. To analyze altered expression upon mitochondrial biogenesis, C2C12 myocytes and brown adipocytes were differentiated. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were quantified for normalization. Results Both Mtrnr1 and Gm20594 were highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. When normalized against mitochondrial content, Mtrnr1 was identified as being highly expressed in the duodenum, followed by the jejunum. In models of mitochondrial biogenesis, both Mtrnr1 and Gm20594 were upregulated during myocyte and brown adipocyte differentiation. Increased Mtrnr1 expression during brown adipocyte differentiation remained significant after normalization against mitochondrial DNA copy number, whereas myocyte differentiation exhibited biphasic upregulation and downregulation in early and late phases, respectively. Conclusion Nuclear-encoded Gm20594 showed similar expression patterns of mitochondrial-encoded Mtrnr1. Brown adipose tissue presented the highest basal expression levels of Gm20594 and Mtrnr1. When normalized against mitochondrial DNA copy number, gut tissues exhibited the highest expression of Mtrnr1. Upregulation of Mtrnr1 during mitochondrial biogenesis is independent of mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Namkung
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:470. [PMID: 33473109 PMCID: PMC7817689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging can be promoted by enhanced metabolic fitness and physical capacity. Mitochondria are chief metabolic organelles with strong implications in aging that also coordinate broad physiological functions, in part, using peptides that are encoded within their independent genome. However, mitochondrial-encoded factors that actively regulate aging are unknown. Here, we report that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c can significantly enhance physical performance in young (2 mo.), middle-age (12 mo.), and old (22 mo.) mice. MOTS-c can regulate (i) nuclear genes, including those related to metabolism and proteostasis, (ii) skeletal muscle metabolism, and (iii) myoblast adaptation to metabolic stress. We provide evidence that late-life (23.5 mo.) initiated intermittent MOTS-c treatment (3x/week) can increase physical capacity and healthspan in mice. In humans, exercise induces endogenous MOTS-c expression in skeletal muscle and in circulation. Our data indicate that aging is regulated by genes encoded in both of our co-evolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Exercise has beneficial effects on metabolism and overall physiologic fitness in aged organisms. Here the authors show that MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-encoded exercise-induced peptide that regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and improves healthspan of older mice.
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Baylan FA, Yarar E. Relationship between the mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c and insulin resistance in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:861-866. [PMID: 33394327 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are common. Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-C) is one of the newly identified mitochondrial derivative peptides that play a role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. We aimed to examine the serum levels of MOTS-C to help understand the role of the disease in the pathophysiology, thereby investigating whether it can contribute to the appropriate treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy patients with OSAS and 20 healthy controls were included. The serum MOTS-C level was measured in all patients. For each participant, demographic features, lipid profile, serum glucose levels, and insulin levels were also evaluated. Homeostatic model assessment indicator of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated for all participants. RESULTS Patients with OSAS (n = 70) were grouped as mild (n = 19), moderate (n = 19), and severe (n = 32). Patients with AHI ≤ 5 were considered as the healthy control group (n = 20). Mean age was 50.3 years and 74% (67/90) of the study sample was male. As expected, as the severity of OSA increased, BMI, insulin levels and HOMA-IR increased. MOTS-C levels were significantly lower in patients with OSA compared to healthy controls (p < 0.000) and we found that MOTS-C levels decreased as OSA severity increased. There was a negative correlation between serum MOTS-C levels and AHI and BMI (r = - 0.492, p < 0.001, r = - 0.382, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum MOTS-C levels were independently associated with AHI in BMI and HOMA-IR in linear regression analysis (p < 0.010, p < 0.007, p < 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Serum MOTS-C level is related to OSA and BMI. MOTS-C may be a useful new marker for early metabolic disorders in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Alkan Baylan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Esra Yarar
- Department of Chest Diseases, Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Hazafa A, Batool A, Ahmad S, Amjad M, Chaudhry SN, Asad J, Ghuman HF, Khan HM, Naeem M, Ghani U. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. Life Sci 2021; 264:118679. [PMID: 33130077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells, neurons, tissues against cellular stress conditions and apoptosis through regulating various signaling mechanisms, such as JAK/STAT pathway and interaction of BCL-2 family of protein. HN is an essential cytoprotective peptide in the human body that regulates mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. The present review aims to evaluate HN peptide's antiapoptotic activities as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus, male infertility, bone-related diseases, cardiac diseases, and brain diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, HN significantly suppressed the apoptosis during the treatment of bone osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. According to accumulated data, it is concluded that HN exerts the proapoptotic activity of TNF-α in cancer, which makes HN as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and suggested that along with HN, the development of another mitochondrial-derived peptide could be a viable therapeutic option against different oxidative stress and apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Nasir Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasham Feroz Ghuman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Guo Q, Chang B, Yu QL, Xu ST, Yi XJ, Cao SC. Adiponectin treatment improves insulin resistance in mice by regulating the expression of the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c and its response to exercise via APPL1-SIRT1-PGC-1α. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2675-2688. [PMID: 32880686 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adiponectin stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA) is a biologically active mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. It influences the mechanisms of obesity and diabetes. We hypothesised that the adiponectin pathway may regulate the production and/or secretion of MOTS-c in skeletal muscle. We aimed to determine whether exercise and adiponectin affect MOTS-c to improve insulin resistance in mice. METHODS To investigate this hypothesis, we used wild-type C57BL/6 mice subjected to high-fat diet, an exercise regimen, and i.p. injection of recombinant mouse adiponectin (Acrp30) or MOTS-c, and adiponectin knockout (Adipoq-/-) mice (C57BL/6 background) subjected to i.p. injection of Acrp30. C2C12 myotubes were also treated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, PGC-1α inhibitor, SIRT1 activator, plasmid-expressed active APPL1 (adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper), pcDNA-SIRT1, or siRNA against APPL1, SIRT1 or PGC-1α. RESULTS In Adipoq-/- mice, MOTS-c levels in the plasma and skeletal muscle were downregulated. In C2C12 myotubes, adiponectin increased the mRNA expression of MOTS-c. APPL1 protein level following adiponectin treatment positively correlated with MOTS-c protein and mRNA levels in C2C12 myotubes. SIRT1 overexpression increased the adiponectin-induced mRNA and protein expression of MOTS-c, SIRT1 and PGC-1α. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of PGC-1α suppressed the increases in MOTS-c mRNA and protein levels induced by SIRT1 overexpression. In mice, plasma and skeletal muscle MOTS-c levels were significantly downregulated following high-fat-diet. Exercise and i.p. Acrp30 or MOTS-c increased MOTS-c levels and adiponectin mRNA and protein expression in the plasma and skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings showed that the APPL1-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway regulates the production and/or secretion of skeletal muscle MOTS-c by mediating adiponectin signalling. Our study provides an insight into the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes and shows that MOTS-c is a potential novel therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Exercise and Health Research Center/Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong-Li Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si-Tong Xu
- Exercise and Health Research Center/Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center/Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Shi-Cheng Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Conte M, Sabbatinelli J, Chiariello A, Martucci M, Santoro A, Monti D, Arcaro M, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Bonfigli AR, Giuliani A, Olivieri F, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in comparison with healthy aging. GeroScience 2020; 43:985-1001. [PMID: 33131010 PMCID: PMC8110619 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), and Humanin (HN) are mitochondrial stress-related mitokines, whose role in health and disease is still debated. In this study, we confirmed that their plasma levels are positively correlated with age in healthy subjects. However, when looking at patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), two age-related diseases sharing a mitochondrial impairment, we found that GDF15 is elevated in T2D but not in AD and represents a risk factor for T2D complications, while FGF21 and HN are lower in AD but not in T2D. Moreover, FGF21 reaches the highest levels in centenarian' offspring, a model of successful aging. As a whole, these data indicate that (i) the adaptive mitokine response observed in healthy aging is lost in age-related diseases, (ii) a common expression pattern of mitokines does not emerge in T2D and AD, suggesting an unpredicted complexity and disease-specificity, and (iii) FGF21 emerges as a candidate marker of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Merry TL, Chan A, Woodhead JST, Reynolds JC, Kumagai H, Kim SJ, Lee C. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E659-E666. [PMID: 32776825 PMCID: PMC7750512 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00249.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are small bioactive peptides encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA that do not necessarily have traditional hallmarks of protein-coding genes. To date, eight MDPs have been identified, all of which have been shown to have various cyto- or metaboloprotective properties. The 12S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas the other seven MDPs [humanin and small humanin-like peptides (SHLP) 1-6] are encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Here, we review the evidence that endogenous MDPs are sensitive to changes in metabolism, showing that metabolic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and aging are associated with lower circulating MDPs, whereas in humans muscle MDP expression is upregulated in response to stress that perturbs the mitochondria like exercise, some mtDNA mutation-associated diseases, and healthy aging, which potentially suggests a tissue-specific response aimed at restoring cellular or mitochondrial homeostasis. Consistent with this, treatment of rodents with humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2 can enhance insulin sensitivity and offer protection against a range of age-associated metabolic disorders. Furthermore, assessing how mtDNA variants alter the functions of MDPs is beginning to provide evidence that MDPs are metabolic signal transducers in humans. Taken together, MDPs appear to form an important aspect of a retrograde signaling network that communicates mitochondrial status with the wider cell and to distal tissues to modulate adaptative responses to metabolic stress. It remains to be fully determined whether the metaboloprotective properties of MDPs can be harnessed into therapies for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joseph C Reynolds
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
- Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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47
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:564-571. [PMID: 32680738 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria produce specific peptides-mitochondrial-derived peptides-that mediate the transcriptional stress response by their translocation into the nucleus and interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism. This class of peptides comprises humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and small humanin-like peptides (SHLPs). Humanin inhibits mitochondrial complex 1 activity and limits the level of oxidative stress in the cell. Data show that mitochondrial-derived peptides have a role in improving metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Perhaps humanin can be used as a marker for mitochondrial function in cardiovascular disease or as a pharmacological strategy in patients with endothelial dysfunction. The goal of this review is to discuss the newly emerging functions of humanin, and its biological role in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; Department of Cardiology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
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48
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Yen K, Mehta HH, Kim SJ, Lue Y, Hoang J, Guerrero N, Port J, Bi Q, Navarrete G, Brandhorst S, Lewis KN, Wan J, Swerdloff R, Mattison JA, Buffenstein R, Breton CV, Wang C, Longo V, Atzmon G, Wallace D, Barzilai N, Cohen P. The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11185-11199. [PMID: 32575074 PMCID: PMC7343442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Humanin is a member of a new family of peptides that are encoded by short open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome. It is conserved in animals and is both neuroprotective and cytoprotective. Here we report that in C. elegans the overexpression of humanin is sufficient to increase lifespan, dependent on daf-16/Foxo. Humanin transgenic mice have many phenotypes that overlap with the worm phenotypes and, similar to exogenous humanin treatment, have increased protection against toxic insults. Treating middle-aged mice twice weekly with the potent humanin analogue HNG, humanin improves metabolic healthspan parameters and reduces inflammatory markers. In multiple species, humanin levels generally decline with age, but here we show that levels are surprisingly stable in the naked mole-rat, a model of negligible senescence. Furthermore, in children of centenarians, who are more likely to become centenarians themselves, circulating humanin levels are much greater than age-matched control subjects. Further linking humanin to healthspan, we observe that humanin levels are decreased in human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes). Together, these studies are the first to demonstrate that humanin is linked to improved healthspan and increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hemal H. Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - YanHe Lue
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - James Hoang
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Noel Guerrero
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jenna Port
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiuli Bi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Noel Lewis
- Department of Physiology, The Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ronald Swerdloff
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Dickerson, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, The Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Douglas Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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49
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Bravo JI, Nozownik S, Danthi PS, Benayoun BA. Transposable elements, circular RNAs and mitochondrial transcription in age-related genomic regulation. Development 2020; 147:dev175786. [PMID: 32527937 PMCID: PMC10680986 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular regulation of aging and age-related diseases is still in its infancy, requiring in-depth characterization of the molecular landscape shaping these complex phenotypes. Emerging classes of molecules with promise as aging modulators include transposable elements, circRNAs and the mitochondrial transcriptome. Analytical complexity means that these molecules are often overlooked, even though they exhibit strong associations with aging and, in some cases, may directly contribute to its progress. Here, we review the links between these novel factors and age-related phenotypes, and we suggest tools that can be easily incorporated into existing pipelines to better understand the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Séverine Nozownik
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Magistère européen de Génétique, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris 75014, France
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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50
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Yang H, Cui Y, Tang Y, Tang X, Yu X, Zhou J, Yin Q, Shentu X. Cytoprotective role of humanin in lens epithelial cell oxidative stress‑induced injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1467-1479. [PMID: 32627019 PMCID: PMC7339735 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) are early events in the development of age-related cataracts (ARCs). Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-related peptide that serves a cytoprotective role in various cell types and animal models. Following HN knockdown or overexpression, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA copy number, cell viability, LDH activity and apoptosis of HLECs under oxidative stress were detected, and apoptosis and autophagy were detected via transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that HN may be involved in the response of HLECs to oxidative stress, and that HN expression was significantly upregulated under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, exogenous HN reduced intracellular ROS content and mitochondrial damage, and enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis; however, this protection was lost in an endogenous HN knockdown cell model. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to identify that HN increased mitochondrial autophagy, which was involved in reducing ROS production under oxidative stress. The present study indicated a potential mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative damage and apoptotic effects of HN under oxidative stress. In conclusion, HN may be a potential therapeutic target for ARCs as it has a significant cellular protective effect on HLECs under oxidative stress; therefore, further study is required to investigate its role in the occurrence and development of ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yilei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yelei Tang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiajing Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qichuan Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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