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Ghenciu LA, Hațegan OA, Bolintineanu SL, Dănilă AI, Faur AC, Prodan-Bărbulescu C, Stoicescu ER, Iacob R, Șișu AM. Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Disease in Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Perspectives and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1303. [PMID: 38927510 PMCID: PMC11201425 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both, with a global prevalence that has tripled in recent decades. This condition poses significant public health challenges, affecting individuals, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide. Among its numerous complications, ocular surface disease (OSD) is a significant concern, yet understanding its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management remains challenging. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of diabetes-related OSD. The ocular surface, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and associated structures, is vital for maintaining eye health, with the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) playing a crucial role in tear film regulation. In DM, changes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism, collagen synthesis, oxygen consumption, and LFU dysfunction contribute to ocular complications. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in neuropathy, tear film abnormalities, and epithelial lesions. Recent advances in molecular research and therapeutic modalities, such as gene and stem cell therapies, show promise for managing diabetic ocular complications. Future research should focus on pathogenetically oriented therapies for diabetic neuropathy and keratopathy, transitioning from animal models to clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Alin Hațegan
- Discipline of Anatomy and Embriology, Medicine Faculty, ‘Vasile Goldis’ Western University of Arad, Revolution Boulevard 94, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Sorin Lucian Bolintineanu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Alexandra-Ioana Dănilă
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Alexandra Corina Faur
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Cătălin Prodan-Bărbulescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- IInd Surgery Clinic, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Robert Stoicescu
- Field of Applied Engineering Sciences, Specialization Statistical Methods and Techniques in Health and Clinical Research, Faculty of Mechanics, ‘Politehnica’ University Timisoara, Mihai Viteazul Boulevard No. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Iacob
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Field of Applied Engineering Sciences, Specialization Statistical Methods and Techniques in Health and Clinical Research, Faculty of Mechanics, ‘Politehnica’ University Timisoara, Mihai Viteazul Boulevard No. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alina Maria Șișu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
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Moin KA, Pandiri S, Manion GN, Brown AH, Moshirfar M, Hoopes PC. The Utilization of Topical Insulin for Ocular Surface Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e62065. [PMID: 38989397 PMCID: PMC11235153 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Various etiologies, including diabetic keratopathy (DK), dry eye disease (DED), and neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), can disrupt corneal homeostasis, exacerbating corneal epithelial defects. Topical insulin has emerged as a promising therapy for promoting corneal wound healing and addressing underlying pathologies. This review systematically evaluates the efficacy of topical insulin across different corneal disorders. A literature review was conducted across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus research databases. The search resulted in a total of 19 articles, consisting of clinical trials, retrospective studies, and case reports. In DK, topical insulin accelerates corneal wound healing post-vitreoretinal surgery with lower concentrations showing higher outcomes when compared to conventional therapy, possibly due to improved epithelial stem cell migration. In comparison, the dry-eye disease results are inconclusive regarding patient-reported outcomes and corneal staining. For NK, topical insulin accelerates corneal wound healing and restores corneal nerve sensation. Other persistent epithelial defect (PED) etiologies that have been treated with topical insulin are infection, immune-mediated, mechanical and chemical trauma, and chronic ocular surface alterations. Although individual mechanisms for the benefits of topical insulin for each of these etiologies have not been studied, the literature demonstrates that topical insulin is efficacious for PEDs regardless of etiology. Future clinical trials need to be conducted to further evaluate optimal dosing, duration, and use of topical insulin for the restoration of the corneal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvon A Moin
- Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, USA
| | - Srujay Pandiri
- Ophthalmology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Garrett N Manion
- Ophthalmology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, USA
| | - Alex H Brown
- Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Eye Banking and Corneal Transplantation, Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, USA
- Corneal and Refractive Surgery, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
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Hou J, Wei W, Geng Z, Zhang Z, Yang H, Zhang X, Li L, Gao Q. Developing Plant Exosomes as an Advanced Delivery System for Cosmetic Peptide. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3050-3060. [PMID: 38598772 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are a promising skincare ingredient, but due to their inherent instability and the barrier function of the skin's surface, they often have limited skin absorption and penetration, which can significantly hinder their skincare benefits. To address this, a novel technique called NanoGlow has been introduced for encapsulating peptide-based cosmetic raw materials into engineered nanosized plant-derived exosomes (pExo) to achieve the goal of a healthier and more radiant skin state. In this approach, pExo served as carriers for cosmetic peptides across the intact skin barrier, enhancing their biological effectiveness in skin beauty. The NanoGlow strategy combines chemical activation and physical proencapsulation, boasting a high success rate and straightforward and stable operation, making it suitable for large-scale production. Comprehensive analysis using in vitro cellular absorption and skin penetration models has demonstrated that the nanosized pExo carriers significantly improve peptide penetration into the skin compared to free peptides. Furthermore, in vivo tissue slice studies have shown that pExo carriers efficiently deliver acetyl hexapeptide-8 to the skin's dermis, surpassing the performance of free peptides. Cosmetic skincare effect analysis has also indicated that pExo-loaded cosmetic peptides deliver superior results. Therefore, the NanoGlow technique harnesses the natural size and properties of pExo to maximize the bioavailability of cosmetic peptides, holding great promise for developing advanced peptide delivery systems in both the cosmetic and medical drug industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hou
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zaijun Geng
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Youngen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
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Zhang Y, He H, He L, Shi B. IL-6 Accelerates the Proliferation and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via the miR-455-5p/IGF-1R Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:255-263. [PMID: 36595346 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with invasive and metastatic characteristics. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a negative prognostic marker, contributes to PaC progression. However, the mechanism of IL-6 in PaC is not yet fully understood. Methods: miR-455-5p levels were first tested by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in PaC tissues or cells. Subsequently, PaC cell-related functions were identified through CCK-8, Transwell, and Western blotting. Changes in miR-455-5p and IGF-1R expression were confirmed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. miR-455-5p methylation was assessed by bisulfite sequencing PCR. Results: The authors discovered that miR-455-5p was expressed at low levels in PaC tissues and cells, and miR-455-5p expression was observably reduced by IL-6 in PaC cells. In addition, IL-6 dramatically induces miR-455-5p methylation in PaC cells. Functionally, the data revealed that IL-6 could facilitate the malignant properties of PaC cells, including proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. The authors found that miR-455-5p could suppress the progression of PaC cells by downregulating IGF-1R in PaC cells. Mechanistically, IL-6 downregulated miR-455-5p and upregulated IGF-1R, and miR-455-5p reduced IGF-1R expression through targeted binding. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated that the miR-455-5p/IGF-1R axis is necessary for the induction of IL-6 in PaC progression. The results here may provide a theoretical basis for the application of the IL-6/miR-455-5p/IGF-1R axis in the clinical therapy of PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Burgos-Blasco B, Diaz-Valle D, Rego-Lorca D, Perez-Garcia P, Puebla-Garcia V, Fernandez-Vigo JI, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM, Gegundez-Fernandez JA. Topical insulin, a novel corneal epithelial regeneration agent in dry eye disease. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:719-725. [PMID: 37814519 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231206790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of insulin eye drops for dry eye disease in reducing corneal staining and improving symptoms. METHODS In this retrospective case series, patients with dry eye disease treated with off-label use of insulin eye drops were collected. The main inclusion criterion was diagnosis of dry eye disease with epithelial damage and acceptance of the off-label use of topical insulin. Age, sex, type of dry eye disease, time since diagnosis, previous ocular surgeries, concomitant treatment, best corrected visual acuity, symptoms, conjunctival hyperemia and corneal staining were recorded. Data from the 1 and 3-month visit were included. RESULTS 16 patients (32 eyes) were treated with insulin (14 females and 2 males; mean age 61.3 ± 16.8 years). 12 patients (71%) were also on autologous serum and 10 patients (63%) on cyclosporine. Symptoms were 3.4 ± 1.3 (range 2-5) when scaled from 0 to 5. Mean hyperemia was 1.0 ± 0.9 (range 0-3) and corneal staining was 2.5 ± 1.3 (range 0-5). After 3 months, 5 patients (31%) referred to be much better, 6 (38%) better, 3 (19%) slightly better and 2 patients (13%) were subjectively similar, mean symptoms being 2.3 ± 1.0 (range 1-4; p = 0.001). Hyperemia was 0.3 ± 0.4 (range 0-1) and corneal staining was 1.1 ± 1.0 (range 0-3; both p < 0.001). Topical insulin was well tolerated with no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The excellent results presented in these case series illustrate topical insulin as a promising treatment in dry eye disease with refractory epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Burgos-Blasco
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Diaz-Valle
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Rego-Lorca
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Perez-Garcia
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ignacio Fernandez-Vigo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Benitez-Del-Castillo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Gegundez-Fernandez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Puebla-García V, Ybañez-García L, López-Cano JJ, González-Cela-Casamayor MA, Brugnera M, Burgos-Blasco B, Díaz-Valle D, Gegúndez-Fernández JA, Benítez-del-Castillo JM, Herrero-Vanrell R. Topical Insulin Eye Drops: Stability and Safety of Two Compounded Formulations for Treating Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:580. [PMID: 38794241 PMCID: PMC11124528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Compounded insulin eye drops were prepared at 1 IU/mL from commercially available subcutaneous insulin by dilution in saline solution or artificial tears. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro tolerance testing in human and conjunctival cells were followed by a 28-day short-term stability study under various conditions. The formulations were isotonic (280-300 mOsm/L), had a pH close to neutral (7-8), medium surface-tension values (<56 MN/m-1), and low (≈1 mPa·s) and medium (≈5 mPa·s) viscosities (compounded normal saline solution and artificial tear-based preparation, respectively). These values remained stable for 28 days under refrigeration. Microbiological stability was also excellent. Insulin potency remained in the 90-110% range in the compounded formulations containing normal saline solution when stored at 2-8 °C for 28 days, while it decreased in those based on artificial tears. Although both formulations were well tolerated in vitro, the compounded insulin diluted in a normal saline solution exhibited better cell tolerance. Preliminary data in humans showed that insulin in saline solution was an effective and safe treatment for persistent corneal epithelial defects. Compounded insulin eye drops diluted in normal saline solution could, therefore, constitute an emergent therapy for the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicario-de-la-Torre
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group (UCM 920415), Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (R.H.-V.)
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
| | | | | | - José Javier López-Cano
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group (UCM 920415), Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (R.H.-V.)
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
| | - Miriam Ana González-Cela-Casamayor
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group (UCM 920415), Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (R.H.-V.)
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
| | - Marco Brugnera
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group (UCM 920415), Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (R.H.-V.)
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
| | - Bárbara Burgos-Blasco
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Díaz-Valle
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Gegúndez-Fernández
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Benítez-del-Castillo
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
- Ocular Surface and Inflammation Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group (UCM 920415), Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (R.H.-V.)
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Institute of Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital Institute of Health Research (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (D.D.-V.)
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Krolo I, Behaegel J, Termote K, de Bruyn B, De Schepper M, Oellerich S, Ní Dhubhghaill S. The role of topical insulin in ocular surface restoration: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00031-6. [PMID: 38609022 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Corneal epithelial defects are one of the most common ocular disorders. Restoring corneal integrity is crucial to reduce pain and regain function, but in cases of neurotrophic or desensitized corneas, healing can be significantly delayed. Treating neurotrophic corneas is challenging for ophthalmologists, and surgical intervention is often indicated to manage refractory cases that are unresponsive to medical therapy. Over the last decade, as more expensive therapeutics reach the market, topical insulin has returned to the forefront as an affordable option to improve corneal wound healing. There is still a paucity of data on the use and the efficacy of topical insulin, with no consensus regarding its indications, preparation, or posology. Here we review the literature on topical insulin for corneal and ocular surface pathologies, with a focus on the current evidence, its mechanisms of action, and its safety profile. Additionally, we share our experience in the field and provide a potential framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Krolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Oftalmología Médica y Quirúrgica (OMIQ) Research, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joséphine Behaegel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien Termote
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Barbara de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manon De Schepper
- Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silke Oellerich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Gong J, Ding G, Hao Z, Li Y, Deng A, Zhang C. Elucidating the mechanism of corneal epithelial cell repair: unraveling the impact of growth factors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1384500. [PMID: 38638937 PMCID: PMC11024251 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1384500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The repair mechanism for corneal epithelial cell injuries encompasses migration, proliferation, and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix remodeling of the stromal structural integrity. Furthermore, it involves the consequential impact of corneal limbal stem cells (LSCs). In recent years, as our comprehension of the mediating mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial injury repair has advanced, it has become increasingly apparent that growth factors play a pivotal role in this intricate process. These growth factors actively contribute to the restoration of corneal epithelial injuries by orchestrating responses and facilitating specific interactions at targeted sites. This article systematically summarizes the role of growth factors in corneal epithelial cell injury repair by searching relevant literature in recent years, and explores the limitations of current literature search, providing a certain scientific basis for subsequent basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongkai Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Wuxi No. 2 Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Aijun Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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Woronkowicz M, Roberts H, Skopiński P. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in the Corneal Epithelium Homeostasis-From Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells to Therapeutic Applications. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38534414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, comprising three layers of cells, represents the outermost portion of the eye and functions as a vital protective barrier while concurrently serving as a critical refractive structure. Maintaining its homeostasis involves a complex regenerative process facilitated by the functions of the lacrimal gland, tear film, and corneal nerves. Crucially, limbal epithelial stem cells located in the limbus (transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva) are instrumental for the corneal epithelium integrity by replenishing and renewing cells. Re-epithelialization failure results in persistent defects, often associated with various ocular conditions including diabetic keratopathy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a sophisticated network of insulin and other proteins essential for numerous physiological processes. This review examines its role in maintaining the corneal epithelium homeostasis, with a special focus on the interplay with corneal limbal stem cells and the potential therapeutic applications of the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woronkowicz
- NDDH, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Harry Roberts
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Hu F, Huang K, Zhang H, Hu W, Tong S, Xu H. IGF-PLGA microspheres promote angiogenesis and accelerate skin flap repair and healing by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the Ang 1/Tie 2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106687. [PMID: 38176662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Random flaps are widely used in the treatment of injuries, tumors, congenital malformations, and other diseases. However, postoperative skin flaps are prone to ischemic necrosis, leading to surgical failure. Insulin-like growth factor- 1(IGF-1) belongs to the IGF family and exerts its growth-promoting effects in various tissues through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Its application in skin flaps and other traumatic diseases is relatively limited. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a degradable high-molecular-weight organic compound commonly used in biomaterials. This study prepared IGF-PLGA sustained-release microspheres to explore their impact on the survival rate of flaps both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanisms involved. The research results demonstrate that IGF-PLGA has a good sustained-release effect. At the cellular level, it can promote 3T3 cell proliferation by inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) . At the animal level, it accelerates flap healing by promoting vascularization through the inhibition of oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study reveals the role of IGF-PLGA in activating the Angiopoietin-1(Ang1)/Tie2 signaling pathway in promoting flap vascularization, providing a strong theoretical basis and therapeutic target for the application of IGF-1 in flaps and other traumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Songlin Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
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11
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Buonfiglio F, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Diabetic Keratopathy: Redox Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:120. [PMID: 38247544 PMCID: PMC10812573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent endocrine disorder, not only impacts the retina but also significantly involves the ocular surface. Diabetes contributes to the development of dry eye disease and induces morphological and functional corneal alterations, particularly affecting nerves and epithelial cells. These changes manifest as epithelial defects, reduced sensitivity, and delayed wound healing, collectively encapsulated in the context of diabetic keratopathy. In advanced stages of this condition, the progression to corneal ulcers and scarring further unfolds, eventually leading to corneal opacities. This critical complication hampers vision and carries the potential for irreversible visual loss. The primary objective of this review article is to offer a comprehensive overview of the pathomechanisms underlying diabetic keratopathy. Emphasis is placed on exploring the redox molecular pathways responsible for the aberrant structural changes observed in the cornea and tear film during diabetes. Additionally, we provide insights into the latest experimental findings concerning potential treatments targeting oxidative stress. This endeavor aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between diabetes and ocular complications, offering valuable perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.-P.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.-P.); (N.P.)
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12
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Fani N, Moradi M, Zavari R, Parvizpour F, Soltani A, Arabpour Z, Jafarian A. Current Advances in Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:277-291. [PMID: 36856176 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230301140659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Treating chronic wounds is a common and costly challenge worldwide. More advanced treatments are needed to improve wound healing and prevent severe complications such as infection and amputation. Like other medical fields, there have been advances in new technologies promoting wound healing potential. Regenerative medicine as a new method has aroused hope in treating chronic wounds. The technology improving wound healing includes using customizable matrices based on synthetic and natural polymers, different types of autologous and allogeneic cells at different differentiation phases, small molecules, peptides, and proteins as a growth factor, RNA interference, and gene therapy. In the last decade, various types of wound dressings have been designed. Emerging dressings include a variety of interactive/ bioactive dressings and tissue-engineering skin options. However, there is still no suitable and effective dressing to treat all chronic wounds. This article reviews different wounds and common treatments, advanced technologies and wound dressings, the advanced wound care market, and some interactive/bioactive wound dressings in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Fani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi
- MD-MPH Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Zavari
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Parvizpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Adele Soltani
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jaworski M, Lorenc A, Leszczyński R, Mrukwa-Kominek E. Topical Insulin in Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Review of Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 38276493 PMCID: PMC10818503 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic keratopathy is a corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal innervation. It can lead to corneal epithelial defects, ulcerations, and perforations. Topical insulin has been shown to be effective in treating this disorder. Insulin is a growth factor that can promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration. In addition, it can also inhibit corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. Topical insulin has previously been found to enhance corneal wound healing. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of topical insulin in the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaworski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- OPTOMED Ophthalmological Center for Children and Adults, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Leszczyński
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Esmail A, Ibrahim M, Nage S. Efficacy of topical insulin for recurrent epithelial corneal erosions. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3117-3123. [PMID: 37140764 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical insulin can promote and accelerate corneal regeneration, even in eyes with serious comorbidities, and offers several benefits over other treatment options. AIMS The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical insulin in treatment of recurrent epithelial corneal erosion. METHODS Patients with recurrent epithelial erosions were included in a prospective non-randomized hospital-based study, divided into two groups, one of them received persistent epithelial defects (PEDs) conventional treatment and the other received the same treatment with insulin eye drops 4 times/day. All patients were examined carefully by slit lamp. Patients during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks as well as after 2 months. Demographics, etiology, therapy, comorbidities, and the healing time of PED were performed. RESULTS Area shows significant improvement after 2 weeks (p = 0.006), 2 months (p = 0.046), and 3 months (p = 0.002) in group II (cornetears gel and topical insulin) as compared to group I (cornetears gel). The recurrence was statistically significant decreased with cornetears gel and topical insulin (group II) by 0.0%, as compared to cornetears gel (group I) by 3 patients (21.4%). CONCLUSION Topical insulin can promote corneal reepithelization in recurrent epithelial erosion and decreases recurrence in these cases. Other advantages include excellent tolerance, availability, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmail
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El Kom, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelshiekh University Hospital, Kafrelshiekh, Egypt
| | - Sara Nage
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
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Tarvestad-Laise KE, Ceresa BP. Modulating Growth Factor Receptor Signaling to Promote Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:2730. [PMID: 38067157 PMCID: PMC10706396 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is the first anatomical barrier between the environment and the cornea; it is critical for proper light refraction onto the retina and prevents pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) from entering the immune-privileged eye. Trauma to the highly innervated corneal epithelium is extremely painful and if not resolved quickly or properly, can lead to infection and ultimately blindness. The healthy eye produces its own growth factors and is continuously bathed in tear fluid that contains these proteins and other nutrients to maintain the rapid turnover and homeostasis of the ocular surface. In this article, we review the roles of growth factors in corneal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration and some of the limitations to their use therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Tarvestad-Laise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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16
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Kwon JW, Savitri C, An B, Yang SW, Park K. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretomes-enriched alginate/ extracellular matrix hydrogel patch accelerates skin wound healing. Biomater Res 2023; 27:107. [PMID: 37904231 PMCID: PMC10617187 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential and thereby their efficient delivery into the target site is of particular interest. Here, we propose a new strategy of hMSCs-derived secretomes delivery for advanced wound healing upon harnessing the working principle of extracellular matrix (ECM)-growth factors interaction in vivo. METHODS We prepared an alginate hydrogel based wound patch, where it contains both human MSC-derived secretomes and ECM. The ECM was obtained from the decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts. The alginate solution was blended with ECM suspension, crosslinked, air-dried, then rehydrated with the secretomes contained in the concentrated conditioned media (CCM) as a highly saturated form of conditioned media (CM). We tested four different groups, with or without the ECM to investigate not only the role of ECM but the therapeutic effect of secretomes. RESULTS The secretomes reserved many, diverse bioactive factors, such as VEGF, HGF, IGFBPs, IL-6, and IL-8. Alginate/ECM/CCM (AEC) patch could hold significantly larger amount of secretomes and release them longer than the other groups. Our AEC patch was the most effective in stimulating not only cell migration and proliferation but the collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, the AEC patch-treated full-thickness skin wounds disclosed significantly better wound healing indications: cell recruitment, neovascularization, epidermis thickness, keratinocyte migration, and mature collagen deposition, as assessed via histology (H&E, Herovici staining) and immunofluorescence, respectively. In particular, our AEC patch enabled a phenotype shift of myofibroblast into fibroblast over time and led to mature blood vessel formation at 14 day. CONCLUSIONS We believe that ECM certainly contributed to generate a secretomes-enriched milieu via ECM-secretomes interactions and thereby such secretomes could be delivered more efficiently, exerting significant therapeutic impact either individually or collectively during wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kwon
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cininta Savitri
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungha An
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Yang
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar R, Sinha DM, Lankau BR, Sinha NR, Tripathi R, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Differential gene expression and protein-protein interaction network profiling of sulfur mustard-exposed rabbit corneas employing RNA-seq data and bioinformatics tools. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109644. [PMID: 37683796 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) ocular exposure severely damages the cornea and causes vision impairment. At present, no specific therapy exists to mitigate SM-induced corneal injury and vision loss. This study performed transcriptome profiling of naïve, SM-damaged, and SM-undamaged rabbit corneas using RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatic tools to gain a better mechanistic understanding and develop SM-specific medical countermeasures. The mRNA profiles of rabbit corneas 4 weeks post SM vapor exposure were generated using Illumina-NextSeq deep sequencing (Gene Expression Omnibus accession # GSE127708). The RNA sequences of naïve (n = 4), SM-damaged (n = 5), and SM-undamaged (n = 5) corneas were subjected to differential expression (DE) analysis after quality control profiling with FastQC. DE analysis was performed using HISAT2, StringTie, and DESeq2. The log2(FC)±2 and adjusted p˂0.05 were chosen to identify the most relevant genes. A total of 5930 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (upregulated: 3196, downregulated: 2734) were found in SM-damaged corneas compared to naïve corneas, whereas SM-undamaged corneas showed 1884 DEGs (upregulated: 1029, downregulated: 855) compared to naïve corneas. DE profiling of SM-damaged corneas to SM-undamaged corneas revealed 985 genes (upregulated: 308, downregulated: 677). The DE profiles were subsequently subjected to signaling pathway enrichment, and protein‒protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. Pathway enrichment was performed for the genes associated with cellular apoptosis, death, adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation, extracellular matrix, and tumor necrosis factor production. To identify novel targets, we narrowed the pathway analysis to upregulated and downregulated genes associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, and PPI networks were developed. Furthermore, protein targets associated with cell differentiation and proliferation that may play vital roles in corneal fibrosis and wound healing post SM injury were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Devansh M Sinha
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brenden R Lankau
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tripathi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Mo L, Ma J, Xiong Y, Xiong X, Lan D, Li J, Yin S. Factors Influencing the Maturation and Developmental Competence of Yak ( Bos grunniens) Oocytes In Vitro. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1882. [PMID: 37895231 PMCID: PMC10606142 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique breed living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, providing locals with a variety of vital means of living and production. However, the yak has poor sexual maturity and low fertility. High-quality mature oocytes are the basis of animal breeding technology. Recently, in vitro culturing of oocytes and embryo engineering technology have been applied to yak breeding. However, compared to those observed in vivo, the maturation rate and developmental capacity of in vitro oocytes are still low, which severely limits the application of in vitro fertilization and embryo production in yaks. This review summarizes the endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental ability of yak oocytes reported in recent years and provides a theoretical basis for obtaining high-quality oocytes for in vitro fertilization and embryo production in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyu Mo
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianrong Xiong
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi Yin
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.M.); (J.M.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (D.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lin JP, Brake A, Donadieu M, Lee A, Kawaguchi R, Sati P, Geschwind DH, Jacobson S, Schafer DP, Reich DS. A 4D transcriptomic map for the evolution of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in the marmoset brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559371. [PMID: 37808784 PMCID: PMC10557631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-time-point histopathological studies on postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue fail to capture lesion evolution dynamics, posing challenges for therapy development targeting development and repair of focal inflammatory demyelination. To close this gap, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in the common marmoset, the most faithful animal model of these processes. Using MRI-informed RNA profiling, we analyzed ~600,000 single-nucleus and ~55,000 spatial transcriptomes, comparing them against EAE inoculation status, longitudinal radiological signals, and histopathological features. We categorized 5 groups of microenvironments pertinent to neural function, immune and glial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and regulatory network at brain borders. Exploring perilesional microenvironment diversity, we uncovered central roles of EAE-associated astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and ependyma in lesion formation and resolution. We pinpointed imaging and molecular features capturing the pathological trajectory of WM, offering potential for assessing treatment outcomes using marmoset as a platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexis Brake
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maxime Donadieu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda Lee
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Lin M, Li W, Ni X, Sui Y, Li H, Chen X, Lu Y, Jiang M, Wang C. Growth factors in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250533. [PMID: 37781529 PMCID: PMC10539943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) injury is one of the most common tendon injuries, especially in athletes, the elderly, and working-age people. In AT injury, the biomechanical properties of the tendon are severely affected, leading to abnormal function. In recent years, many efforts have been underway to develop effective treatments for AT injuries to enable patients to return to sports faster. For instance, several new techniques for tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing, growth factors (GFs), gene therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells were introduced. Increasing evidence has suggested that GFs can reduce inflammation, promote extracellular matrix production, and accelerate AT repair. In this review, we highlighted some recent investigations regarding the role of GFs, such as transforming GF-β(TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), fibroblast GF (FGF), vascular endothelial GF (VEGF), platelet-derived GF (PDGF), and insulin-like GF (IGF), in tendon healing. In addition, we summarized the clinical trials and animal experiments on the efficacy of GFs in AT repair. We also highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the different isoforms of TGF-β and BMPs, including GFs combined with stem cells, scaffolds, or other GFs. The strategies discussed in this review are currently in the early stages of development. It is noteworthy that although these emerging technologies may potentially develop into substantial clinical treatment options for AT injury, definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of tendon ailments could not be drawn due to the lack of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Lin
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical School, Shandong Modern University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sui
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinren Chen
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Du J, Liu X, Wong CWY, Lok CN, Yang Z, Yuan Z, Wong KKY. Silver nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2023; 12:51-59. [PMID: 37736270 PMCID: PMC10509502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated if silver nanoparticles (AgNps) could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were divided into two groups: Group 1 cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium and Group 2 cells were cultured in osteogenic medium. Both groups were then treated with 16, 32, or 100 μM AgNps. Fibroblast proliferation and viability were measured using BrdU and MTT methods at varying time points. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured to observe fibroblast differentiation into osteoblasts. Proteomics (cytokine array) was used to detect 111 different cytokines during differentiation. RESULTS AgNps stimulated proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts at a concentration of 16 μM. Marked enhancement of calcium mineralization was observed in cells cultured with AgNps compared with cells cultured without AgNps. Group 2 cells displayed nodules around the center where the cell density was high. ALP activity of mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured in osteogenic medium increased during the whole culture period. Addition of AgNps at concentrations of 32 μM and 100 μM induced higher ALP activity at days 7 and 14. Proteomic array results show that low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) were significantly increased, while osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly reduced in medium containing 16 μM AgNPs. CONCLUSION AgNps could promote differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into osteoblastic cells. LDL-R and PCSK-9, as well as OPG, may play a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Diabetic Foot Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jilin Province People’s HospitalChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuelai Liu
- Department of Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Carol Wing Yan Wong
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Jilin Province People’s HospitalChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Surovtseva MA, Kim II, Bondarenko NA, Lykov AP, Krasner KY, Chepeleva EV, Bgatova NP, Trunov AN, Chernykh VV, Poveshchenko OV. Derivation of Human Corneal Keratocytes from ReLEx SMILE Lenticules for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108828. [PMID: 37240176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts isolated and expanded from ReLEx SMILE lenticules can be a source of human keratocytes. Since corneal keratocytes are quiescent cells, it is difficult to expand them in vitro in suitable numbers for clinical and experimental use. In the present study, this problem was solved by isolating and growing corneal fibroblasts (CFs) with a high proliferative potential and their reversion to keratocytes in a selective serum-free medium. Fibroblasts reversed into keratocytes (rCFs) had a dendritic morphology and ultrastructural signs of activation of protein synthesis and metabolism. The cultivation of CFs in a medium with 10% FCS and their reversion into keratocytes was not accompanied by the induction of myofibroblasts. After reversion, the cells spontaneously formed spheroids and expressed keratocan and lumican markers, but not mesenchymal ones. The rCFs had low proliferative and migratory activity, and their conditioned medium contained a low level of VEGF. CF reversion was not accompanied by a change with the levels of IGF-1, TNF-alpha, SDF-1a, and sICAM-1. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that fibroblasts from ReLEx SMILE lenticules reverse into keratocytes in serum-free KGM, maintaining the morphology and functional properties of primary keratocytes. These keratocytes have a potential for tissue engineering and cell therapy of various corneal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Surovtseva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina I Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Bondarenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander P Lykov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kristina Yu Krasner
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kalkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V Chepeleva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Bgatova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander N Trunov
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kalkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valery V Chernykh
- Novosibirsk Branch of S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 10 Kalkhidskaya Str., 630096 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Poveshchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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24
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Alrouji M, Kuriri FA, Alqasmi MH, AlSudais H, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Asad M, Joseph B, Almuhanna Y. A Simple In-Vivo Method for Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Wound Healing Activity Using Excision Wound Model in Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030692. [PMID: 36985266 PMCID: PMC10051147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study developed a simple and inexpensive method to induce biofilm formation in-vivo for the evaluation of the antibiofilm activity of pharmacological agents using Swiss albino mice. Animals were made diabetic using streptozocin and nicotinamide. A cover slip containing preformed biofilm along with MRSA culture was introduced into the excision wound in these animals. The method was effective in developing biofilm on the coverslip after 24 h incubation in MRSA broth which was confirmed by microscopic examination and a crystal violet assay. Application of preformed biofilm along with microbial culture induced a profound infection with biofilm formation on excision wounds in 72 h. This was confirmed by macroscopic, histological, and bacterial load determination. Mupirocin, a known antibacterial agent effective against MRSA was used to demonstrate antibiofilm activity. Mupirocin was able to completely heal the excised wounds in 19 to 21 days while in the base-treated group, healing took place between 30 and 35 days. The method described is robust and can be reproduced easily without the use of transgenic animals and sophisticated methods such as confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Kuriri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussein Alqasmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Asad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuhanna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Anitua E, de la Fuente M, Sánchez-Ávila RM, de la Sen-Corcuera B, Merayo-Lloves J, Muruzábal F. Beneficial Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) Versus Autologous Serum and Topical Insulin in Ocular Surface Cells. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:456-464. [PMID: 36695530 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2173237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the last few decades, several blood derived products such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and autologous serum (AS) have been used for the treatment of ocular surface disorders. Recently, insulin has been proposed to be used as an alternative for the treatment of ocular surface diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological potential of PRGF eye drops in comparison with AS and insulin on ocular surface cells. METHODS Blood from three healthy young donors was collected to obtain autologous serum (AS) eye drops and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drops. Insulin (Actrapid®) was diluted at 1 and 0.2 IU/mL. The biological potential of PRGF, AS and insulin was assessed by proliferation in HCE, HK and HConF cells. Wound healing assay was performed in HCE cells after incubation with the different treatments. HConF and HK cells were differentiated to myofibroblast after treatment with 2.5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and then incubated with all treatments. RESULTS PRGF eye drops induced significantly higher proliferation rate compared to AS or insulin in HConF and HK cells, but not in HCE cells. In addition, the percentage of wound healing area was significantly reduced after PRGF treatment in comparison with AS or insulin treatment. Furthermore, PRGF significantly reduced the number of myodifferentiated cells compared to AS and insulin at both concentrations analyzed. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study show that PRGF increases the biological activity of the ocular surface cells and reduces the expression of fibrosis marker compared to insulin or AS. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE The present study suggests that plasma rich in growth factors eye drops are a more effective therapy than insulin and autologous serum eye drops for the treatment of ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Borja de la Sen-Corcuera
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Fundación para la Investigación y la Innovación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Muruzábal
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
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26
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Talpan D, Salla S, Meusel L, Walter P, Kuo CC, Franzen J, Fuest M. Cytoprotective Effects of Human Platelet Lysate during the Xeno-Free Culture of Human Donor Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032882. [PMID: 36769200 PMCID: PMC9917909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the suitability of 2% human platelet lysate medium (2%HPL) as a replacement for 2% fetal bovine serum medium (2%FBS) for the xeno-free organ culture of human donor corneas. A total of 32 corneas from 16 human donors were cultured in 2%FBS for 3 days (TP1), then evaluated using phase contrast microscopy (endothelial cell density (ECD) and cell morphology). Following an additional 25-day culture period (TP2) in either 2%FBS or 2%HPL, the pairs were again compared using microscopy; then stroma and Descemet membrane/endothelium (DmE) were processed for next generation sequencing (NGS). At TP2 the ECD was higher in the 2%HPL group (2179 ± 288 cells/mm2) compared to 2%FBS (2113 ± 331 cells/mm2; p = 0.03), and endothelial cell loss was lower (ECL HPL = -0.7% vs. FBS = -3.8%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in cell morphology between TP1 and 2, or between 2%HPL and 2%FBS. NGS showed the differential expression of 1644 genes in endothelial cells and 217 genes in stromal cells. It was found that 2%HPL led to the upregulation of cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic genes (HMOX1, SERPINE1, ANGPTL4, LEFTY2, GADD45B, PLIN2, PTX3, GFRA1/2), and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory/apoptotic genes (e.g., CXCL14, SIK1B, PLK5, PPP2R3B, FABP5, MAL, GATA3). 2%HPL is a suitable xeno-free substitution for 2%FBS in human cornea organ culture, inducing less ECL and producing potentially beneficial alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Talpan
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Salla
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Linus Meusel
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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27
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Dias-Teixeira KL, Sharifian Gh M, Romano J, Norouzi F, Laurie GW. Autophagy in the normal and diseased cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109274. [PMID: 36252655 PMCID: PMC10083687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cornea and covering tear film are together the 'objective lens' of the eye through which 80% of light is refracted. Despite exposure to a physically harsh and at times infectious or toxic environment, transparency essential for sight is in most cases maintained. Such resiliency makes the avascular cornea a superb model for the exploration of autophagy in the regulation of homeostasis with relevancy to all organs. Nonetheless, missense mutations and inflammation respectively clog or apparently overwhelm autophagic flux to create dystrophies much like in neurodegenerative diseases or further exacerbate inflammation. Here there is opportunity to generate novel topical therapies towards the restoration of homeostasis with potential broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Romano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gordon W Laurie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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28
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Wang X, Hui Q, Jin Z, Rao F, Jin L, Yu B, Banda J, Li X. Roles of growth factors in eye development and ophthalmic diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:613-625. [PMID: 36581579 PMCID: PMC10264994 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors are active substances secreted by a variety of cells, which act as messengers to regulate cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Many growth factors are involved in the eye development or the pathophysiological processes of eye diseases. Growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor mediate the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy, choroidal neovascularization, cataract, diabetic macular edema, and other retinal diseases. On the other hand, growth factors like nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, pigment epithelial-derived factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor are known to promote optic nerve injury repair. Growth factors are also related to the pathogenesis of myopia. Fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and insulin-like growth factor regulate scleral thickness and influence the occurrence and development of myopia. This article reviews growth factors involved in ocular development and ocular pathophysiology, discusses the relationship between growth factors and ocular diseases, to provide reference for the application of growth factors in ophthalmology.
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29
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Corneal Tonometric and Morphological Changes in Patients with Acromegaly. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226750. [PMID: 36431227 PMCID: PMC9696636 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) parameters, corneal endothelium parameters, central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after the transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma in patients with acromegaly. (2) Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, interventional study. Twenty patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were examined before and 19 ± 9 months after transsphenoidal resection. The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including pneumatic IOP (IOP air puff), Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP GAT), CCT measured using the iPac pachymeter (CCTUP), IOP value corrected for CCTUP using the Ehlers formula (IOPc) ORA measurements included corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc), and Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg). CCT from non-contact specular microscopy (CCTNSM), the number of endothelial cells (CD) per mm2, and average cell size (AVG) were determined with non-contact specular microscopy. (3) Results: A statistically significant decrease was observed in CCTUP (p = 0.007), and IOP air puff (p = 0.012) after surgery. Moreover, we noted a statistically significant increase in CD (p = 0.001), and a statistically significant decrease in AVG (p = 0.009) and CCTNSM (p = 0.004) after surgery. A statistically significant decrease was also observed in IOPg (p = 0.011), CH (p = 0.016), and CRF (p = 0.001) after surgery. The mean value of IOP GAT and IOPc was lower after the surgery. However, the difference was not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed significant changes in biomechanics, corneal endothelium, CCT and IOP after pituitary adenoma resection in patients with acromegaly. It proves that the eye might be sensitive to long-term overexposure to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We suggest that disease activity be taken into consideration on ophthalmological examination.
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30
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Karsmarski OP, Hawthorne BC, Cusano A, LeVasseur MR, Wellington IJ, McCarthy MB, Cote MP, Mazzocca AD. Activated Serum Increases In Vitro Cellular Proliferation and Growth Factor Expression of Musculoskeletal Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123442. [PMID: 35743510 PMCID: PMC9225433 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate proteomic alteration that occurs to whole blood when converted to activated serum (AS) using an autologous thrombin system. This study further sought to evaluate the functional in vitro effect of AS on tenocytes, chondrocytes, subacromial bursal cells, and osteoblasts. The peptide/protein composition of AS was analyzed by liquid chromatography−mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS). The cell lines were treated with AS, and cellular proliferation was quantified 48 h after treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were quantified utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). LC-MS identified 357 proteins across the AS and whole blood. Fifty-four of the proteins identified had significant differences between the relative protein abundance of the AS samples compared to whole blood. Treatment with AS in all cell lines significantly increased proliferation compared to control cells at 48 h. Increased PDGF, VEGF, and IGF-1 in all cell lines exposed to AS compared to the control (p < 0.05) were observed. These findings suggest that treatment with AS increases in vitro cellular proliferation and the release of growth factors that may play a role in tissue repair.
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Jamali H, Heydari M, Masihpour N, Khosravi A, Zare M, Shams M, Omrani GR. Serum androgens and prolactin levels in patients with keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35680612 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is growing evidence for the involvement of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate serum androgen and prolactin levels in patients suffering from keratoconus. METHODS One hundred and two subjects were enrolled in the keratoconus (76 patients) and control (26 subjects) groups in a cross-sectional survey. Topographic evaluation of the cornea was undertaken for all enrolled participants. Serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), prolactin (PRL), luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in all subjects. RESULTS There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the study groups. Significantly higher mean serum levels of DHEAS (3.71 ± 2.23 vs. 2.53 ± 1.77 µg/mL; P = 0.009) and T (6.18 ± 3.80 vs. 1.57 ± 1.76 ng/mL; P < 0.001) were observed in men with keratoconus compared to controls. In females, there were also higher mean levels of DHEAS (2.40 ± 1.57 vs. 2.18 ± 0.72 µg/mL; P = 0.355) and T (0.78 ± 0.96 vs. 0.32 ± 0.13 ng/mL; P < 0.001) in patients with keratoconus but only T level reached the statistically significant level of difference. Also, the mean serum PRL level was significantly higher in women with keratoconus compared to control (13.33 ± 17.85 vs. 4.63 ± 3.10 ng/mL; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between serum FSH and LH levels between study groups. CONCLUSION In patients with keratoconus, serum PRL in females and serum androgen levels in both genders are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masihpour
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mousa Zare
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The role of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the corneal epithelium: recent updates. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:513. [PMID: 35641491 PMCID: PMC9156734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also called protein kinase B, PKB) signalling regulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, and telomere activity. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) are the outermost cells of the cornea; they maintain good optical performance and act as a physical and immune barrier. Various growth factors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), neurokinin 1 (NK-1), and insulin activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by binding their receptors and promote antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and migratory functions and wound healing in the corneal epithelium (CE). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate apoptosis and inflammation in CECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Extreme environments induce excess ROS accumulation, inhibit PI3K/AKT, and cause apoptosis and inflammation in CECs. However, at low or moderate levels, ROS activate PI3K/AKT signalling, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation of healthy CECs. Diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia directly inhibit PI3K/AKT signalling by increasing ROS and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels or suppressing the expression of growth factors receptors and cause diabetic keratopathy (DK) in CECs. Similarly, hyperosmolarity and ROS accumulation suppress PI3K/AKT signalling in dry eye disease (DED). However, significant overactivation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates inflammation in CECs, is observed in both infectious and noninfectious keratitis. Overall, upon activation by growth factors and NK-1, PI3K/AKT signalling promotes the proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of CECs, and these processes can be regulated by ROS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is inhibited in CECs from individuals with DK and DED, but is overactivated by keratitis.
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Berdnikovs S, Newcomb DC, Gebretsadik T, Snyder BM, Wiggins DA, Poleon KS, Hartert TV. Cellular and systemic energy metabolic dysregulation in asthma development-a hypothesis-generating approach. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1802-1806.e2. [PMID: 34740605 PMCID: PMC10080213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of systemic and airway-specific epithelial energy metabolism in altering the developmental programming of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in early life are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess carbohydrate metabolism in developing AECs among children with and without wheeze and test the association of infant plasma energy biomarkers with subsequent recurrent wheeze and asthma outcomes. METHODS We measured cellular carbohydrate metabolism in live nasal AECs collected at age 2 years from 15 male subjects with and without a history of wheeze and performed a principal component analysis to visually assess clustering of data on AEC metabolism of glycolitic metabolites and simple sugars. Among 237 children with available year 1 plasma samples, we tested the associations of year 1 plasma energy biomarkers and recurrent wheeze and asthma by using generalized estimating equations and logistic regression. RESULTS Children with a history of wheeze had lower utilization of glucose in their nasal AECs than did children with no wheeze. Systemically, a higher plasma glucose concentration at year 1 (within the normal range) was associated with decreased odds of asthma at age 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.35-0.90). Insulin concentration, glucose-to-insulin ratio, C-peptide concentration, and leptin concentration at year 1 were associated with recurrent wheeze from age 2 years to age 5 years. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there is significant energy metabolism dysregulation in early life, which likely affects AEC development. These pertubations of epithelial cell metabolism in infancy may have lasting effects on lung development that could render the airway more susceptible to allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Brittney M Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Derek A Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kadijah S Poleon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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IGFs in Dentin Formation and Regeneration: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3737346. [PMID: 35432548 PMCID: PMC9007658 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3737346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary dentin results from the interplay between the host defense and dental injury or infection. Modern endodontics aiming vital pulp treatment take the tertiary dentin formation as the interim step, with the final goal of a physiological pulp-dentin like tissue regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells have been nominated for contributing to differentiating into odontoblast-like cells who are responsible for reparative dentin formation. Understanding the original dentin formation mechanism provides us a blueprint while exploring the reparative dentin formation mechanism builds bridge to bonafide pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Among all the regulators, growth factors have long been revealed under the spotlight. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has been implicated in critical events of inducing dentin formation, which is essential for pulp treatment. The expression of IGF family members including IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R has been well characterized in dental papilla cells, dental pulp stem cells, and periodontal ligament cells. Recent studies indicated IGF binding to the receptors activated pathways, including MAPK pathway, and AKT pathway, orchestrated proliferation, and differentiation, and finally, contributed to dentin formation. This review summarizes the role of IGF family in dentin formation during tooth development and tertiary dentin formation during dentin-pulp repair and sheds light on key parts of research for future treatment improvements.
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Yan X, Managlia E, Zhao YY, Tan XD, De Plaen IG. Macrophage-derived IGF-1 protects the neonatal intestine against necrotizing enterocolitis by promoting microvascular development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:320. [PMID: 35388142 PMCID: PMC8987083 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly bowel necrotic disease of premature infants. Low levels of plasma IGF-1 predispose premature infants to NEC. While increasing evidence suggests that defective perinatal intestinal microvascular development plays a role in NEC, the involved mechanism remains incompletely understood. We report here that serum and intestinal IGF-1 are developmentally regulated during the perinatal period in mice and decrease during experimental NEC. Neonatal intestinal macrophages produce IGF-1 and promote endothelial cell sprouting in vitro via IGF-1 signaling. In vivo, in the neonatal intestine, macrophage-derived IGF-1 promotes VEGF expression and endothelial cell proliferation and protects against experimental NEC. Exogenous IGF-1 preserves intestinal microvascular density and protects against experimental NEC. In human NEC tissues, villous endothelial cell proliferation and IGF-1- producing macrophages are decreased compared to controls. Together, our results suggest that defective IGF-1-production by neonatal macrophages impairs neonatal intestinal microvascular development and predisposes the intestine to necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Yan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth Managlia
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Isabelle G. De Plaen
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children’s. Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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Kempuraj D, Mohan RR. Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020339. [PMID: 35203548 PMCID: PMC8961790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective inflammation, organ dysfunctions, cell death, and diseases. The cornea accounts for two-thirds of the refraction of light that occurs in the eyes, but is prone to trauma/injury and infection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular dynamic macromolecular network in corneal tissues comprised of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins. The ECM undergoes remodeling by matrix-degrading enzymes and maintains corneal transparency. Autophagy plays an important role in the ECM and wound healing maintenance. Delayed/dysregulated autophagy impacts the ECM and wound healing, and can lead to corneal dysfunction. Stromal wound healing involves responses from the corneal epithelium, basement membrane, keratocytes, the ECM, and many cytokines and chemokines, including transforming growth factor beta-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. Mild corneal injuries self-repair, but greater injuries lead to corneal haze/scars/fibrosis and vision loss due to disruptions in the ECM, autophagy, and normal wound healing processes. Presently, the precise role of autophagy and ECM remodeling in corneal wound healing is elusive. This review discusses recent trends in autophagy and ECM modulation in the context of corneal wound healing and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence:
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McKay TB, Priyadarsini S, Karamichos D. Sex Hormones, Growth Hormone, and the Cornea. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020224. [PMID: 35053340 PMCID: PMC8773647 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and maintenance of nearly every tissue in the body is influenced by systemic hormones during embryonic development through puberty and into adulthood. Of the ~130 different hormones expressed in the human body, steroid hormones and peptide hormones are highly abundant in circulation and are known to regulate anabolic processes and wound healing in a tissue-dependent manner. Of interest, differential levels of sex hormones have been associated with ocular pathologies, including dry eye disease and keratoconus. In this review, we discuss key studies that have revealed a role for androgens and estrogens in the cornea with focus on ocular surface homeostasis, wound healing, and stromal thickness. We also review studies of human growth hormone and insulin growth factor-1 in influencing ocular growth and epithelial regeneration. While it is unclear if endogenous hormones contribute to differential corneal wound healing in common animal models, the abundance of evidence suggests that systemic hormone levels, as a function of age, should be considered as an experimental variable in studies of corneal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. McKay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | | | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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Jeng BH, Hamrah P, Kirshner ZZ, Mendez BC, Wessel HC, Brown LR, Steed DL. Exploratory Phase II Multicenter, Open-Label, Clinical Trial of ST266, a Novel Secretome for Treatment of Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 34994777 PMCID: PMC8742509 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective An exploratory phase II, multicenter, open-label, clinical trial (NCT03687632) was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness in treating persistent corneal epithelial defects (PEDs) with ST266, a proprietary novel multi-cytokine platform biologic solution secreted by cultured Amnion-derived Multipotent Progenitor (AMP) cells. Methods Subjects with a PED were treated with ST266 eye drops 4 times daily for 28 days, then followed for 1 week. Safety was assessed by monitoring of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Efficacy was assessed by measuring the area of the PED by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Tolerability of ST266, percentage of eyes with complete healing, reduction in area of the epithelial defect, and maintenance of a reduction in the area of the epithelial defect 7 days after treatment were recorded. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled into the trial at one of eight sites. The first patient withdrew after 5 days. The remaining 12 patients with PEDs with median duration of 39 days (range = 12 to 393 days) completed treatment. Ten of the 12 eyes had been refractory to treatment with various conventional therapies prior to enrollment. After 28 days of treatment, there was a significant decrease in mean PED area compared with baseline (66.4% ± 35.3%, P = 0.001). At follow-up, 1 week after completion of treatment, on day 35, the PED area was further reduced by 78.8% ± 37.5% (P = 0.01) compared with baseline. During 28 days of treatment, 5 eyes (41.7%) had complete wound closure. There were no AEs of concern thought to be related to the drug, and no SAEs were noted. Conclusions In this trial, we found ST266 eye drops might promote corneal epithelization, thereby reducing the PED area, including in refractory cases in a wide range of etiologies. ST266 was well-tolerated by most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennie H Jeng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziv Z Kirshner
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Howard C Wessel
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larry R Brown
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David L Steed
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Patsalos A, Halasz L, Medina-Serpas MA, Berger WK, Daniel B, Tzerpos P, Kiss M, Nagy G, Fischer C, Simandi Z, Varga T, Nagy L. A growth factor-expressing macrophage subpopulation orchestrates regenerative inflammation via GDF-15. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210420. [PMID: 34846534 PMCID: PMC8635277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is the result of the concerted action of multiple cell types driven by the temporarily controlled phenotype switches of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. Pro-inflammatory macrophages transition into a phenotype that drives tissue repair through the production of effectors such as growth factors. This orchestrated sequence of regenerative inflammatory events, which we termed regeneration-promoting program (RPP), is essential for proper repair. However, it is not well understood how specialized repair-macrophage identity develops in the RPP at the transcriptional level and how induced macrophage-derived factors coordinate tissue repair. Gene expression kinetics-based clustering of blood circulating Ly6Chigh, infiltrating inflammatory Ly6Chigh, and reparative Ly6Clow macrophages, isolated from injured muscle, identified the TGF-β superfamily member, GDF-15, as a component of the RPP. Myeloid GDF-15 is required for proper muscle regeneration following acute sterile injury, as revealed by gain- and loss-of-function studies. Mechanistically, GDF-15 acts both on proliferating myoblasts and on muscle-infiltrating myeloid cells. Epigenomic analyses of upstream regulators of Gdf15 expression identified that it is under the control of nuclear receptors RXR/PPARγ. Finally, immune single-cell RNA-seq profiling revealed that Gdf15 is coexpressed with other known muscle regeneration-associated growth factors, and their expression is limited to a unique subpopulation of repair-type macrophages (growth factor-expressing macrophages [GFEMs]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Miguel A. Medina-Serpas
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Simandi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Stuard WL, Titone R, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 functions as a molecular switch that mediates mitochondrial and metabolic homeostasis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22062. [PMID: 34918377 PMCID: PMC9060658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100710rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction or loss of homeostasis is a central hallmark of many human diseases. Mitochondrial homeostasis is mediated by multiple quality control mechanisms including mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy that recycles terminally ill or dysfunctional mitochondria in order to preserve mitochondrial integrity. Our prior studies have shown that members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family localize to the mitochondria and may play important roles in mediating mitochondrial health in the corneal epithelium, an integral tissue that is required for the maintenance of optical transparency and vision. Importantly, the IGF-binding protein-3, IGFBP-3, is secreted by corneal epithelial cells in response to stress and functions to mediate intracellular receptor trafficking in this cell type. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for IGFBP-3 in mitochondrial homeostasis through regulation of the short isoform (s)BNIP3L/NIX mitophagy receptor in corneal epithelial cells and extend this finding to non-ocular epithelial cells. We further show that IGFBP-3-mediated control of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with alterations in lamellar cristae morphology and mitochondrial dynamics. Interestingly, both loss and gain of function of IGFBP-3 drive an increase in mitochondrial respiration. This increase in respiration is associated with nuclear accumulation of IGFBP-3. Taken together, these findings support a novel role for IGFBP-3 as a key mediator of mitochondrial health in mucosal epithelia through the regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rossella Titone
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Li J, Tao T, Yu Y, Xu N, Du W, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Huang L. Expression profiling suggests the involvement of hormone-related, metabolic, and Wnt signaling pathways in pterygium progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943275. [PMID: 36187094 PMCID: PMC9515788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterygium is an ocular surface disease that can cause visual impairment if it progressively invades the cornea. Although many pieces of research showed ultraviolet radiation is a trigger of pterygium pathological progress, the underlying mechanism in pterygium remains indistinct. METHODS In this study, we used microarray to evaluate the changes of transcripts between primary pterygium and adjacent normal conjunctiva samples in China. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. Moreover, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks to predict possible regulatory relationships. We next performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the similarities and differences of transcripts between Asian studies from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Furthermore, we took the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with other data and identified hub genes of the development of pterygium. Finally, we utilized real-time quantitative PCR to verify the expression levels of candidate genes. RESULTS A total of 49 DEGs were identified. The enrichment analyses of DEGs showed that pathways such as the Wnt-signaling pathway and metabolism-related pathways were upregulated, while pathways such as hormone-related and transcription factor-associated pathways were downregulated. The PPI and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks provide ideas for future research directions. The GSEA of selecting Asian data revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myogenesis existed in the pathology of pterygium in the Asian group. Furthermore, five gene sets (interferon-gamma response, Wnt beta-catenin signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, and MYC targets v2) were found only in our Chinese datasets. After taking an intersection between selecting datasets, we identified two upregulated (SPP1 and MYH11) and five downregulated (ATF3, FOS, EGR1, FOSB, and NR4A2) hub genes. We finally chose night genes to verify their expression levels, including the other two genes (SFRP2 and SFRP4) involved in Wnt signaling; Their expression levels were significantly different between pterygium and conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS We consider hormone-related, metabolic, and Wnt signaling pathways may be important in the pathology of pterygium development. Nine candidate genes we identified deserve further study and can be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Lvzhen Huang, ; Zhengxuan Jiang,
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lvzhen Huang, ; Zhengxuan Jiang,
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An Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Conjugated Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Film for Diabetic Wound Healing: Fabrication, Physicochemical Property Characterization, and Dosage Optimization In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091459. [PMID: 34575535 PMCID: PMC8468198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a silk fibroin (SF)-film for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. Silk fibroin was purified through a newly developed heating degumming (HD) process and casted on a hydrophobic surface to form SF-films. The process allowed the fabricated film to achieve a 42% increase in transparency and a 32% higher proliferation rate for BALB/3T3 fibroblasts compared to that obtained by conventional alkaline degumming treatment. Fourier transform infrared analysis demonstrated that secondary structure was retained in both HD- and alkaline degumming-derived SF preparations, although the crystallinity of beta-sheet in SF-film after the HD processing was slightly increased. This study also investigated whether conjugating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) would promote diabetic wound healing and what the optimal dosage is. Using BALB/3T3 cells grown in hyperglycemic medium as a model, it was demonstrated that the optimal IGF-1 dosage to promote the cell growth was approximately 0.65 pmol. Further analysis of wound healing in a diabetic mouse model indicated that SF-film loaded with 3.25 pmol of IGF-1 showed significantly superior wound closure, a 13% increase at the 13th day after treatment relative to treatment with 65 pmol of free IGF-1. Improvement in diabetic wound healing was exerted synergistically by SF-film and IGF-1, as reflected by parameters including levels of re-epithelialization, epithelial tissue area, and angiogenesis. Finally, IGF-1 increased the epithelial tissue area and micro-vessel formation in a dose-dependent manner in a low dosage range (3.25 pmol) when loaded to SF-films. Together, these results strongly suggest that SF-film produced using HD and loaded with a low dosage of IGF-1 is a promising dressing for diabetic wound therapy.
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Topical Insulin-Utility and Results in Refractory Neurotrophic Keratopathy in Stages 2 and 3. Cornea 2021; 41:990-994. [PMID: 34483270 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with refractory neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in stages 2 and 3 treated with topical insulin. METHODS Retrospective analysis of eyes with NK in stages 2 and 3 refractory to standard medical and/or surgical treatment which were treated with topical insulin (1 unit per mL). This treatment was applied 4 times per day and was continued until the persistent epithelial defect (PED) or ulcer resolved. The primary outcome of the study was the complete reepithelialization of the PED or persistent ulcer. "Best-corrected visual acuity" pretreatment and posttreatment, "days until complete reepithelialization" data, and anterior segment photographs were obtained. Outcome measures were compared before and after treatment in both groups using paired and independent samples t tests. RESULTS Twenty-one eyes were included in this study, and 90% achieved complete reepithelialization of the PED and/or persistent ulcer within 7 to 45 days of follow-up. The mean number of days until complete reepithelialization was significantly lower in NK stage 2 (18 ± 9 days) when compared with NK stage 3 (29 ± 11 days) (P = 0.025). The best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly in both NK stage 2 (P < 0.001) and NK stage 3 (P = 0.004). No side effects were reported during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that topical insulin drops may be an effective therapeutic in refractory NK. This therapy may prove extremely useful because of its low cost and high accessibility.
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Miricescu D, Badoiu SC, Stanescu-Spinu II, Totan AR, Stefani C, Greabu M. Growth Factors, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metformin-Promoters of the Wound Healing Process in Burns? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179512. [PMID: 34502429 PMCID: PMC8431501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns can be caused by various factors and have an increased risk of infection that can seriously delay the wound healing process. Chronic wounds caused by burns represent a major health problem. Wound healing is a complex process, orchestrated by cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, free radicals, clotting factors, and nitric oxide. Growth factors released during this process are involved in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species are released in acute and chronic burn injuries and play key roles in healing and regeneration. The main aim of this review is to present the roles of growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and metformin in the healing process of burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Life Memorial Hospital, 365 Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (I.-I.S.-S.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (I.-I.S.-S.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
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A purified human platelet pellet lysate rich in neurotrophic factors and antioxidants repairs and protects corneal endothelial cells from oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112046. [PMID: 34426259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (HPL) is a complex mixture of potent bioactive molecules instrumental in tissue repair and regeneration. Due to their remarkable safety, cost-effective production, and availability at global level from collected platelet concentrates, HPLs can become a powerful biotherapy for various therapeutic applications, if standardized and carefully validated through pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this work, the possibility to use a tailor-made HPL as a corneal transplant alternative to treat the gradual decrease in the number of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) associated with aging, was evaluated. The HPL preparation was thoroughly characterized using various proteomics tools that revealed a remarkable richness in multiple growth factors and antioxidants. Treatment of B4G12 and BCE C/D-1b CECs with the HPL increased their viability, enhanced the wound closure rate, and maintained cell growth and typical hexagonal morphology. Besides, this HPL significantly protected against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing CEC viability, decreased cell death and reactive oxygen species formation, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Proteomics analysis of treated CECs confirmed that HPL treatment triggered the corneal healing pathway and enhanced oxidative stress. These data strongly support further pre-clinical evaluation of this tailor-made HPL as a novel CEC regeneration biotherapy. HPL treatment may eventually represent a pragmatic and cost-effective alternative to corneal transplant to treat damages of the corneal endothelium which is a major cause of blindness worldwide.
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Bogdan ED, Stuard WL, Titone R, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 Mediates Metabolic Homeostasis During Hyperosmolar Stress in the Corneal Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 34100890 PMCID: PMC8196413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a multifunctional secretory protein with well-known roles in cell growth and survival. Data in our laboratory suggest that IGFBP-3 may be functioning as a stress response protein in the corneal epithelium. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of IGFBP-3 in mediating the corneal epithelial cell stress response to hyperosmolarity, a well-known pathophysiological event in the development of dry eye disease. Methods Telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells were used in this study. Cells were cultured in serum-free media with (growth) or without (basal) supplements. Hyperosmolarity was achieved by increasing salt concentrations to 450 and 500 mOsM. Metabolic and mitochondrial changes were assessed using Seahorse metabolic flux analysis and assays for mitochondrial calcium, polarization and mtDNA. Levels of IGFBP-3 and inflammatory mediators were quantified using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. In select experiments, cells were cotreated with 500 ng/mL recombinant human (rh)IGFBP-3. Results Hyperosmolar stress altered metabolic activity, shifting cells towards a respiratory phenotype. Hyperosmolar stress further altered mitochondrial calcium levels, depolarized mitochondria, decreased levels of ATP, mtDNA, and expression of IGFBP-3. In contrast, hyperosmolar stress increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Supplementation with rhIGFBP-3 abrogated metabolic and mitochondrial changes with only marginal effects on IL-8. Conclusions These findings indicate that IGFBP-3 is a critical protein involved in hyperosmolar stress responses in the corneal epithelium. These data further support a new role for IGFBP-3 in the control of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Bogdan
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Whitney L Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Rossella Titone
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Shah R, Amador C, Tormanen K, Ghiam S, Saghizadeh M, Arumugaswami V, Kumar A, Kramerov AA, Ljubimov AV. Systemic diseases and the cornea. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108455. [PMID: 33485845 PMCID: PMC7946758 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a number of systemic diseases affecting the cornea. These include endocrine disorders (diabetes, Graves' disease, Addison's disease, hyperparathyroidism), infections with viruses (SARS-CoV-2, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, HTLV-1, Epstein-Barr virus) and bacteria (tuberculosis, syphilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, gout, atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, multiple sclerosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, sarcoidosis, Cogan's syndrome, immunobullous diseases), corneal deposit disorders (Wilson's disease, cystinosis, Fabry disease, Meretoja's syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis, hyperlipoproteinemia), and genetic disorders (aniridia, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, Marfan syndrome). Corneal manifestations often provide an insight to underlying systemic diseases and can act as the first indicator of an undiagnosed systemic condition. Routine eye exams can bring attention to potentially life-threatening illnesses. In this review, we provide a fairly detailed overview of the pathologic changes in the cornea described in various systemic diseases and also discuss underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as current and emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Shah
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cynthia Amador
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Medicine, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vaithi Arumugaswami
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Medicine, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrei A Kramerov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Medicine, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rybtsova N, Berezina T, Kagansky A, Rybtsov S. Can Blood-Circulating Factors Unveil and Delay Your Biological Aging? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E615. [PMID: 33333870 PMCID: PMC7765271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the population of over 60 will double in the next 30 years in the developed countries, which will enforce a further raise of the retirement age and increase the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, there is an acute issue of maintaining health and prolonging active working longevity, as well as implementation of early monitoring and prevention of premature aging and age-related disorders to avoid early disability. Traditional indicators of biological age are not always informative and often require extensive and expensive analysis. The study of blood factors is a simple and easily accessible way to assess individual health and supplement the traditional indicators of a person's biological age with new objective criteria. With age, the processes of growth and development, tissue regeneration and repair decline; they are gradually replaced by enhanced catabolism, inflammatory cell activity, and insulin resistance. The number of senescent cells supporting the inflammatory loop rises; cellular clearance by autophagy and mitophagy slows down, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular damage and dysfunction. Monitoring of circulated blood factors not only reflects these processes, but also allows suggesting medical intervention to prevent or decelerate the development of age-related diseases. We review the age-related blood factors discussed in recent publications, as well as approaches to slowing aging for healthy and active longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybtsova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Tatiana Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
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Xia Y, Chen J, Ding J, Zhang J, Chen H. IGF1- and BM-MSC-incorporating collagen-chitosan scaffolds promote wound healing and hair follicle regeneration. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6264-6276. [PMID: 33194028 PMCID: PMC7653568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Full-thickness skin injury affects millions of people worldwide each year. Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to promote cutaneous wound healing, they cannot functionally promote wound healing with the recovery of appendages such as hair follicles. We previously found that growth factor plus BM-MSCs could effectively promote wound healing and hair follicle regeneration. In the present study, we grafted insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a multifunctional cell growth factor, and BM-MSCs into a collagen-chitosan scaffold to investigate their effects on functional wound healing. Using scanning electron microscopy, histological staining, and quantitative analysis, we found that IGF1- and BM-MSC-incorporating collagen-chitosan scaffolds promote cutaneous wound healing with effective regeneration of hair follicles in a rat full-thickness skin injury model. In addition, IGF1/BM-MSCs inhibit inflammatory cytokines during wound healing. In vitro, we found that IGF1 promotes the proliferation and migration of BM-MSCs via the IGFR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, in this study, we first demonstrated that IGF1 enhances BM-MSC-mediated wound healing as well as hair follicle regeneration. Our data suggest that the topical application of IGF1 and BM-MSCs incorporated in collagen-chitosan scaffolds can be used as a feasible and effective therapeutic approach to improve functional cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Medical Cosmetology Department, Plastic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine)Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ding
- Medical Cosmetology Department, Plastic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine)Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Medical Cosmetology Department, Plastic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine)Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Medical Cosmetology Department, Plastic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine)Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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Kao WWY. Keratin expression by corneal and limbal stem cells during development. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108206. [PMID: 32882212 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Keratins are the forming units of intermediate filaments (IF) that provide mechanical support, and formation of desmosomes between cells and hemi desmosomes with basement membranes for epithelium integrity. Keratin IF are polymers of obligate heterodimer consisting one type I keratin and one type II keratin molecules. There are 54 functional keratin genes in human genome, which are classified into three major groups, i.e., epithelial keratins, hair follicle cell-specific epithelial keratins and hair keratins. Their expression is cell type-specific and developmentally regulated. Corneal epithelium expresses a subgroup of keratins similar to those of epidermal epithelium. Limbal basal stem cells express K5/K14, and K8/K18 and K8/K19 IF suggesting that there probably are two populations of limbal stem cells (LSCs). In human, LSCs at limbal basal layer can directly stratify and differentiate to limbal suprabasal cells that express K3/K12 IF, or centripetally migrate then differentiate to corneal basal transient amplifying cells (TAC) that co-express both K3/K12 and K5/K14 prior to moving upward and assuming suprabasal cells phenotype of only K3/K12 expression that signifies corneal type epithelium differentiation. In rodent, the differentiated cornea epithelial cells express K5/K12 in lieu of K3/K12, because K3 allele exists as a pseudogene and does not encode a functional K3 protein. The basal corneal cells of new-born mice originate from surface ectoderm during embryonic development slowly commit to differentiation of becoming TAC co-expressing K5/K12 and K5/K14 IF. However, the centripetal migration may still occur at a slower rate in young mice, which is accelerated during wound healing. In this review, we will discuss and compare the cornea-specific keratins expression patterns between corneal and epidermal epithelial cells during mouse development, and between human and mouse during development and homeostasis in adult, and pathology caused by a mutation of keratins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston W-Y Kao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0838, USA.
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