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Chelly S, Jaziri S, Ammar A, Ezzi O, Douss N, Saffar S, Tritar M, Njah M, Mahjoub M. Safety and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine in North Africa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306703. [PMID: 38304972 PMCID: PMC10841012 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the absence of a specific treatment for COVID-19, preventive measures have been implemented to control this pandemic and vaccination is one of them. However, it is crucial to verify the safety and efficiency of every vaccine. The aim was to determinate the predictive factors of side effects and reinfection after COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2022 among Tunisians infected with COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2022, using an online self-administered questionnaire. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses using binary stepwise logistic regression. Results A total of 1541 was selected from 1911 individuals. Comorbidities affected a quarter of the population (22.3%). Before the initial infection, 39.3% had received full vaccination, and 8.7% had received partial vaccination. By February 2022, the majority (82.9%) had received at least two vaccine doses. The reinfection rate was 30.6%. All vaccines prior to the first infection was identified as a protective factor against reinfection. Inactivated virus vaccinations were less likely to induce adverse effects. Conclusion ach vaccine has its own set of advantages and disadvantages: mRNA-based vaccines had a higher incidence of side effects but all vaccines provided better protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Chelly
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Shayma Jaziri
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Ezzi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nour Douss
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Saffar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marouen Tritar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Njah
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mahjoub
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Macdonald C, Palmateer N, McAuley A, Lindsay L, Hasan T, Hameed SS, Hall E, Jeffrey K, Grange Z, Gousias P, Mavin S, Jarvis L, Cameron JC, Daines L, Tibble H, Simpson CR, McCowan C, Katikireddi SV, Rudan I, Fagbamigbe AF, Ritchie L, Swallow B, Moss P, Robertson C, Sheikh A, Murray J. Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:107. [PMID: 38877008 PMCID: PMC11178861 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several population-level studies have described individual clinical risk factors associated with suboptimal antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination, but none have examined multimorbidity. Others have shown that suboptimal post-vaccination responses offer reduced protection to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the level of protection from COVID-19 hospitalisation/death remains unconfirmed. We use national Scottish datasets to investigate the association between multimorbidity and testing antibody-negative, examining the correlation between antibody levels and subsequent COVID-19 hospitalisation/death among double-vaccinated individuals. We found that individuals with multimorbidity ( ≥ five conditions) were more likely to test antibody-negative post-vaccination and 13.37 [6.05-29.53] times more likely to be hospitalised/die from COVID-19 than individuals without conditions. We also show a dose-dependent association between post-vaccination antibody levels and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death, with those with undetectable antibody levels at a significantly higher risk (HR 9.21 [95% CI 4.63-18.29]) of these serious outcomes compared to those with high antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Macdonald
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK.
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, NW1 2BE, London, UK.
| | - Norah Palmateer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Andrew McAuley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Lindsay
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Taimoor Hasan
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Elliot Hall
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Jeffrey
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zoë Grange
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Petros Gousias
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Mavin
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Raigmore Hospital, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3UJ, UK
| | - Lisa Jarvis
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, 52 Research Avenue North, EH14 4BE, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Claire Cameron
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Daines
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Tibble
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Colin McCowan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley St., G3 7HR, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lewis Ritchie
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ben Swallow
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Cancer Sciences Building, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Robertson
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Richmond Street Glasgow, G1 1XH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Josie Murray
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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3
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Rabezanahary H, Gilbert C, Santerre K, Scarrone M, Gilbert M, Thériault M, Brousseau N, Masson JF, Pelletier JN, Boudreau D, Trottier S, Baz M. Live virus neutralizing antibodies against pre and post Omicron strains in food and retail workers in Québec, Canada. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31026. [PMID: 38826717 PMCID: PMC11141348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Measuring the ability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to neutralize live viruses remains an effective approach to quantify the level of protection of individuals. We assessed the neutralization activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 strains, in 280 vaccinated restaurant/bar, grocery and hardware store workers in Québec, Canada. Methods Participants were recruited during the emergence of Omicron BA.1 variant. The neutralizing activity of participant sera was assessed by microneutralization assay. Results Serum neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers of all participants against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain were comparable with those against Delta variant (ranges of titers 10-2032 and 10-2560, respectively), however, their response was significantly reduced against Omicron BA.1, BA2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 (10-1016, 10-1016, 10-320, 10-80 and 10-254, respectively). Individuals who received 2 doses of vaccine had significantly reduced NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to those infected and then vaccinated (≥1 dose), vaccinated (≥2 doses) and then infected, or those who received 3 doses of vaccine. Participants vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses of vaccine and then infected had the highest NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested. Conclusion We assessed for the first time the NtAb response in food and retail workers. We found that vaccination prior to the emergence of Omicron BA.1 was associated with higher neutralizing activity against pre-Omicron variants, suggesting the importance of updating vaccines to increase antibody response against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination followed by infection was associated with higher neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henintsoa Rabezanahary
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim Santerre
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martina Scarrone
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan Gilbert
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Brousseau
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Biological Risks Department, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO-The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'Optique, Photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
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Damour A, Faure M, Landrein N, Ragues J, Ardah N, Dhaidel H, Lafon ME, Wodrich H, Basha W. The Equal Neutralizing Effectiveness of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and Sputnik V Vaccines in the Palestinian Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:493. [PMID: 38793744 PMCID: PMC11125902 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, different viral vector-based and mRNA vaccines directed against the SARS-CoV-2 "S" spike glycoprotein have been developed and have shown a good profile in terms of safety and efficacy. Nevertheless, an unbiased comparison of vaccination efficiency, including post-vaccination neutralizing activity, between the different vaccines remains largely unavailable. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of one mRNA (BNT162b2) and two non-replicating adenoviral vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Sputnik V) in a cohort of 1120 vaccinated Palestinian individuals who received vaccines on an availability basis and which displayed a unique diversity of genetic characteristics. We assessed the level of anti-S antibodies and further determined the antibody neutralizing activity in 261 of those individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2a (121), ChAdOx1 (72) or Sputnik V (68). Our results showed no significant difference in the distribution of serum-neutralizing activity or S-antibody serum levels for the three groups of vaccines, proving equivalence in efficacy for the three vaccines under real-life conditions. In addition, none of the eight demographic parameters tested had an influence on vaccination efficacy. Regardless of the vaccine type, the vaccination campaign ultimately played a pivotal role in significantly reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Palestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Damour
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
| | - Muriel Faure
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
| | - Jessica Ragues
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
| | - Narda Ardah
- IBGC, UMR 5095, CNRS UMR 5095, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry and Genetics, Université of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P400, Palestine
| | - Haneen Dhaidel
- Department of Applied and Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P400, Palestine;
| | - Marie-Edith Lafon
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
- Virology Laboratory, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospitals, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Harald Wodrich
- CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.D.); (M.F.); (N.L.); (J.R.); (M.-E.L.)
| | - Walid Basha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P400, Palestine
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Temocin F, Çaycı YT, Seren C, Kuruoglu T, Atilla A, Birinci A, Tanyel E. Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e3085-e3090. [PMID: 37846474 DOI: 10.1055/a-2192-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newborns are vulnerable to all types of infections due to their developing immune system. To compensate for their immune immaturity, newborns rely on the passive transfer of antibodies through the placenta and own mother's breast milk (BM). In the present study, we investigated whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 leads to the presence of antibodies in BM. Furthermore, we compared the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-spike (anti-S) IgG antibodies in the BM of mothers who were vaccinated against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection naturally or were vaccinated after natural infection. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine. Forty-six mothers who had at least two doses of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA-based vaccine and/or had a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were included in the study. BM samples were analyzed by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant kit following the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS Forty-six mothers with an average age of 29.7 ± 5.7 years participated the study: 18 (39.1%) had COVID-19 infection + BTN162b2 vaccine, 17 (37.0%) had BTN162b2 vaccine, and 11 (23.9%) had natural infection. The highest SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-S IgG antibody titers in BM were found in mothers who were vaccinated following the infection (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG: 32.48 ± 57.1 arbitrary units AU/mL). However, no significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels was observed between the three groups (p = 0.641). No antibody was detected in 15.2% of BM samples. CONCLUSION Both vaccination and natural COVID-19 infection during pregnancy leads to the passive transfer of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to BM. These results are important to overcome vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination levels in expectant mothers. KEY POINTS · We investigated the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in BM after natural infection and vaccination.. · Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 39 (84.8%) BM samples.. · The highest titers in BM were found in mothers who were vaccinated following natural infection..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Temocin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Canan Seren
- Department of Neonatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Kuruoglu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Aynur Atilla
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Asuman Birinci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Esra Tanyel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
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Rio P, Caldarelli M, Chiantore M, Ocarino F, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38534370 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiantore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ocarino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Polymeris A, Papapetrou PD, Psachna S, Ioannidis D, Lilis D, Drakou M, Vaiopoulos A, Polymerou V, Spanos G. Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis present higher immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine compared to normal individuals. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:89-95. [PMID: 37515710 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the response (titers of anti-COVID-19 antibodies) to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and normal individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 51 normal individuals were studied after the third dose of the vaccine. RESULTS Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed significantly higher immune response after the third dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine compared with normal individuals (p = 0.020). After elimination of the four smokers with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the immune response between the remaining 20 non-smoking patients compared with the response of the 23 non-smoking normal individuals was not different (p = 0.564). There was a significant positive correlation of the anti-COVID-19 antibodies with BMI (p = 0.029) but not with waist circumference in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p = 0.054). Similar correlations were not found in normal individuals. Waist circumference could be considered as representative of visceral adipose tissue. In obese normal individuals (BMI ≥ 30), anti-COVID-19 antibodies were not different from those in lean normal individuals (BMI < 25). In obese patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, anti-COVID-19 antibodies were significantly higher compared to those in lean patients (p = 0.013). Median anti-COVID-19 antibody titer in obese patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was also significantly higher compared to that in obese normal individuals (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis show significantly higher immune response after the third dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine compared with normal individuals. Obese patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis show additionally a significantly higher immune response compared with lean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Polymeris
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros D Papapetrou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Psachna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ioannidis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Lilis
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drakou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 25th Martiou Str. 14, Melissia 15127, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Vaiopoulos
- Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Atticon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Malavazos AE, Dubini C, Milani V, Boveri S, Meregalli C, Bertolini C, Buscemi C, Cardani R, Renna LV, Trevisan MB, Scravaglieri V, Cuppone MT, Menicanti L, Costa E, Ambrogi F, Ruocco C, Carruba M, Iacobellis G, Nisoli E, Corsi Romanelli MM. BNT162b2 Booster Dose Elicits a Robust Antibody Response in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 38140200 PMCID: PMC10747120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term durability of the induced immune response in subjects with obesity, particularly in those with an abdominal distribution of adipose tissue. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccine booster dose, comparing individuals with and without abdominal obesity (AO), discerning between individuals previously infected or not. IgG-TrimericS were measured in 511 subjects at baseline, on the 21st day after vaccine dose 1, and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months from dose 2, and at 1 and 3 months following the booster dose. To detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, nucleocapsid antibodies were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the three-month difference in the absolute variation in IgG-TrimericS levels from booster dose, showing AO and SARS-CoV-2 infection status interactions (p = 0.016). Regardless of possible confounding factors and IgG-TrimericS levels at the booster dose, AO is associated with a higher absolute change in IgG-TrimericS in prior infected individuals (p = 0.0125). In the same regression model, no interaction is highlighted using BMI (p = 0.418). The robust response in the development of antibodies after booster dose, observed in people with AO and previous infection, may support the recommendations to administer a booster dose in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Milani
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Boveri
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | | | - Carola Buscemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, V. Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Biobank BioCor, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (L.V.R.)
| | - Manuel Bruno Trevisan
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Valentina Scravaglieri
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Cuppone
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costa
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Data Management, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Michele Carruba
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Centre for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (C.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 00133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy
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9
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Moser J, Emous M, Heeringa P, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Mechanisms and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:735-748. [PMID: 37673763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, yet there remains a lack of consensus on the mechanisms underlying this relationship. A hypothesis that has garnered considerable attention suggests that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts adipose tissue function, either through direct infection or by indirect mechanisms. Indeed, recent reports have begun to shed some light on the important role that the adipose tissue plays during the acute phase of infection, as well as mediating long-term sequelae. In this review, we examine the evidence of extrapulmonary dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 to the adipose tissue. We discuss the mechanisms, acute and long-term implications, and possible management strategies to limit or ameliorate severe disease and long-term metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Moser
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Emous
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Izabela A Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Brown JA, Hauser A, Abela IA, Pasin C, Epp S, Mohloanyane T, Nsakala BL, Trkola A, Labhardt ND, Kouyos RD, Günthard HF. Seroprofiling of Antibodies Against Endemic Human Coronaviruses and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort in Lesotho: Correlates of Antibody Response and Seropositivity. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1042-1054. [PMID: 37261930 PMCID: PMC10582919 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in southern Africa are scarce. Here, we report on (1) endemic HCoV seasonality, (2) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and (3) correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and strength of SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV serological responses among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from February 2020 to July 2021 within an HIV cohort in Lesotho. We used the AntiBody CORonavirus Assay (ABCORA) multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody responses to endemic HCoV (OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. RESULTS Results for 3173 samples from 1403 adults were included. Serological responses against endemic HCoVs increased over time and peaked in winter and spring. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity reached >35% among samples collected in early 2021 and was associated with female sex, obesity, working outside the home, and recent tiredness or fever. Positive correlations were observed between the strength of response to endemic HCoVs and to SARS-CoV-2 and between older age or obesity and the immunoglobulin G response to SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our understanding of the impact of biological, clinical, and social/behavioral factors on serological responses to coronaviruses in southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Brown
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Hauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Abela
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Epp
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus D Labhardt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Hentschel V, Horsch C, Mayer B, Thies A, Qian W, Kroschel J, Seufferlein T, Perkhofer L, Müller M. A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1467. [PMID: 37766143 PMCID: PMC10537165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the novel class of mRNA vaccines has been granted first-time approval for active immunization against SARS-CoV-2 alongside the already established viral vector-based vaccines. In this prospective single-center study, we set out to determine the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a population of 1512 health care employees after the second and third vaccination, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigen antibody concentrations were assessed using commercially available immunoassays. We could show that, in particular, young study subjects aged below 30 years, as well as those with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, developed significantly higher antibody concentrations. Our data further suggest that being in physically close contact with formerly SARS-CoV-2-positive people positively affects the post-vaccination response. Surprisingly, study subjects with a BMI > 30 produced the highest anti-S-RBD Ig antibody levels if they had recently received their third vaccination. Also, heterologous dual vaccine regimens consisting of a BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, a homologous triple combination of BNT162b2, and an application of mRNA-1273 as the third vaccine, were most efficient at eliciting a humoral immune response. Our study substantiates existing evidence, but beyond that, scrutinizes the impact of vaccine agents and their respective combinations, as well as different time intervals on humoral immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Horsch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Annsophie Thies
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Will Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Joris Kroschel
- Central Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
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12
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Jamous YF, Alhomoud DA. The Safety and Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2. Cureus 2023; 15:e45602. [PMID: 37868494 PMCID: PMC10588549 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in numerous deaths worldwide, along with devastating economic disruptions, and has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In the wake of COVID-19's emergence in 2019, a variety of vaccine technologies were formulated and developed, including those that drew from the technology employed in messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, designed to curb the disease's transmission and manage the pandemic. mRNA vaccine has several advantages over traditional ones, and hence its development has received considerable attention recently. Researchers believe the mRNA vaccine technology will emerge as the leading technology because it is potent, inexpensive, rapidly developed, and safe. This article provides an overview of mRNA vaccines with a special focus on the efficacy and safety of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines against the different variants of COVID-19 and compare them with the Oxford-AstraZeneca (viral vector) and Sinopharm (inactivated virus) vaccines. The clinical data reviewed in this article demonstrate that the currently authorized Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines are highly safe and potent against different variants of COVID-19, especially in comparison with Oxford-AstraZeneca (viral vector) and Sinopharm (inactivated virus) vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya F Jamous
- National Center of Vaccine and Bioprocessing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Dalal A Alhomoud
- National Center of Vaccine and Bioprocessing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, SAU
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13
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Yang L, Liu Y, Guo Q, Jiang D. The safety and immunogenicity to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hyperlipemia. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230780. [PMID: 37693840 PMCID: PMC10487380 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of urgent need to understand the safety and effectiveness of novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-inactivated vaccine in patients with hyperlipidemia (HLD). However, data on the safety and immune response of SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine in HLD patients are limited. In this prospective study, 105 patients with HLD and 74 healthy controls (HCs) were selected. Within 16-168 days after inoculation-inactivated vaccine, the anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were evaluated, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells. There was no significant difference between HLD patients and HCs in adverse events (AEs) within 7 days after vaccination, and no serious AEs occurred. The seropositivity rates and titers of two Abs (anti-RBD IgG and CoV-2 NAbs) were lower in HLD patients than in HCs (all, p < 0.05). HLD showed significantly lower frequencies of RBD-specific B cells than HCs (p = 0.040). However, in high cholesterol, high triglyceride, mixed (MiX), and lipid control (HC) subgroups, there was no significant difference in the seropositivity rates and titers of the both Abs. Through mixed factor analysis shows that days between the second dose and sample collection/antibody measurement were associated with the lower anti-RBD IgG antibody levels. In conclusion, inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe and well tolerated for HLD patients, but the humoral immune may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - YaMing Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - DePeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Chen YJ, Huang JC, Yang CP, Hsu KF, Liu HF. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2: Utilizing a Novel and Convenient In-House RT-PCR Method for Characterization without Virus Culture and BSL-3 Facilities. Viruses 2023; 15:1562. [PMID: 37515248 PMCID: PMC10383548 DOI: 10.3390/v15071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a convenient method for amplifying the complete SARS-CoV-2 sequence using in-house RT-PCR without virus culture. Forty-one stored throat swabs and blood specimens were collected from eight SARS-CoV-2 infections at multiple time points. Total RNA was extracted using the QIAamp viral RNA mini kit and pooled for higher RNA levels. Only those positive specimens by commercial real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) were selected and amplified by in-house RT-PCR for complete sequences, followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic trees and exploratory analyses were performed using MEGA 11 and Simplot 3.5.1 software. Swab samples had significantly higher total RNA concentrations than plasma (p < 0.01). Positive results were found mainly in swabs, but one was found in plasma. Successful gene amplification depended on Ct values (Ct < 38). A non-synonymous substitution was found in ORF1ab/Nsp3 (at NC045512.2 position 6312, C to A) and most spike protein mutations occurred in the S1 subunit (residues 14-685). The proposed method is time-saving and reliable for rapid genomic analysis. Increasing sample volume and pooling them for RNA extraction increases RNA concentration without culture. Combining nucleotide sequences from specific variable regions of the genome is more efficient than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701033, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jason C Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356006, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 25169, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan
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15
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Abd Alhadi M, Friedman LM, Karlsson EA, Cohen-Lavi L, Burkovitz A, Schultz-Cherry S, Noah TL, Weir SS, Shulman LM, Beck MA, Hertz T. Obesity Is Associated with an Impaired Baseline Repertoire of Anti-Influenza Virus Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0001023. [PMID: 37098954 PMCID: PMC10269616 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00010-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for severe disease and mortality for both influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While previous studies show that individuals with obesity generate antibody responses following influenza vaccination, infection rates within the obese group were twice as high as those in the healthy-weight group. The repertoire of antibodies raised against influenza viruses following previous vaccinations and/or natural exposures is referred to here as baseline immune history (BIH). To investigate the hypothesis that obesity impacts immune memory to infections and vaccines, we profiled the BIH of obese and healthy-weight adults vaccinated with the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in response to conformational and linear antigens. Despite the extensive heterogeneity of the BIH profiles in both groups, there were striking differences between obese and healthy subjects, especially with regard to A/H1N1 strains and the 2009 pandemic virus (Cal09). Individuals with obesity had lower IgG and IgA magnitude and breadth for a panel of A/H1N1 whole viruses and hemagglutinin proteins from 1933 to 2009 but increased IgG magnitude and breadth for linear peptides from the Cal09 H1 and N1 proteins. Age was also associated with A/H1N1 BIH, with young individuals with obesity being more likely to have reduced A/H1N1 BIH. We found that individuals with low IgG BIH had significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers than individuals with high IgG BIH. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased susceptibility of obese participants to influenza infection may be mediated in part by obesity-associated differences in the memory B-cell repertoire, which cannot be ameliorated by current seasonal vaccination regimens. Overall, these data have vital implications for the next generation of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. IMPORTANCE Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza virus infection, our previous studies showed that influenza vaccines fail to provide optimal protection in obese individuals despite reaching canonical correlates of protection. Here, we show that obesity may impair immune history in humans and cannot be overcome by seasonal vaccination, especially in younger individuals with decreased lifetime exposure to infections and seasonal vaccines. Low baseline immune history is associated with decreased protective antibody responses. Obesity potentially handicaps overall responses to vaccination, biasing it toward responses to linear epitopes, which may reduce protective capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that young obese individuals are at an increased risk of reduced protection by vaccination, likely due to altered immune history biased toward nonprotective antibody responses. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic coupled with seasonal respiratory virus infections and the inevitable next pandemic, it is imperative that we understand and improve vaccine efficacy in this high-risk population. The design, development, and usage of vaccines for and in obese individuals may need critical evaluation, and immune history should be considered an alternate correlate of protection in future vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abd Alhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M. Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Burkovitz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Terry L. Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel S. Weir
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lester M. Shulman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Melinda A. Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Liu Z, Liang J, Hu H, Wu M, Ma J, Ma Z, Ji J, Chen H, Li X, Wang Z, Luo Y. Development of an Effective Neutralizing Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3125-3139. [PMID: 37333734 PMCID: PMC10275375 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are essential for preventing reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and the recurrence of COVID-19; nonetheless, the formation of NAbs following vaccination and infection remains enigmatic due to the lack of a practical and effective NAb assay in routine laboratory settings. In this study, we developed a convenient lateral flow assay for the rapid and precise measurement of serum NAb levels within 20 minutes. Methods Receptor-binding domain-fragment crystallizable (RBD-Fc) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-histidine tag (ACE2-His) were expressed by the eukaryotic expression systems of Spodoptera frugiperda clone 9 and human embryonic kidney 293T, respectively. Then, colloidal gold was synthesized and conjugated with ACE2. After optimizing various operating parameters, an NAb lateral flow assay was constructed. Subsequently, its detection limit, specificity, and stability were systematically evaluated, and clinical samples were analyzed to validate its clinical feasibility. Results RBD-Fc and ACE2-His were obtained with 94.01% and 90.05% purity, respectively. The synthesized colloidal gold had a uniform distribution with an average diameter of 24.15 ± 2.56 nm. With a detection limit of 2 μg/mL, the proposed assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.80% and a specificity of 100% in 684 uninfected clinical samples. By evaluating 356 specimens from infected individuals, we observed that the overall concordance rate between the proposed assay and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 95.22%, and we noticed that 16.57% (59/356) of individuals still did not produce NAbs after infection (both by ELISA and the proposed assay). All the above tests by this assay can obtain results within 20 minutes by the naked eye without any additional instruments or equipment. Conclusion The proposed assay can expediently and reliably detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs after infection, and the results provide valuable data to facilitate effective prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trial registration Serum and blood samples were used under approval from the Biomedical Research Ethics Subcommittee of Henan University, and the clinical trial registration number was HUSOM-2022-052. We confirm that this study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Ji
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
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Jaisinghani P, Kumar R. Obesity and Viral Infections. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:393-402. [PMID: 37197881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a rapidly expanding global pandemic. The presence of obesity in patients with COVID-19 has been established as a risk factor for disease severity, hospital admission, and mortality. Thus, it is imperative those living with obesity be vaccinated against COVID-19. Although there is a timeframe COVID-19 vaccines are efficacious in those living with obesity, more studies need to be conducted to ensure that those long-lasting protection is maintained, as obesity has implications on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jaisinghani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rekha Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Fu C, Lin N, Zhu J, Ye Q. Association between Overweight/Obesity and the Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050996. [PMID: 37243100 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to appraise the interrelation between overweight/obesity and the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination by synthesizing the currently available evidence. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in people who were overweight or obese was conducted. Databases including Embase, Medline Epub (Ovid), PsychInfo (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The databases of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) were also searched for relevant unpublished and gray literature. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the review. All the included studies used observational study designs; there were ten cohort studies and five cross-sectional studies. The sample size of these studies ranged from 21 to 9,171,524. Thirteen studies reported using BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, USA), four reported using ChAdOx-nCov19 (AstraZeneca, U.K), two were reported using CoronaVac (Sinovac, China), and two were reported using mRNA1273 (Moderna, USA). The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively studied in individuals with overweight/obesity. Most studies have shown that the humoral response decreases with increasing BMI. The available evidence does not conclusively indicate that these vaccines are generally safe in this population. CONCLUSION While the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine may be less than ideal in people who are overweight or obese, it does not mean that obese people should not be vaccinated, as the vaccine can still provide some protection. There is a lack of evidence for conclusions to be drawn about the safety of the vaccine in the population. This study calls on health professionals, policymakers, caregivers, and all other stakeholders to focus on monitoring the possible adverse effects of injections in overweight/obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangcang Fu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jihua Zhu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Erdem MG, Unlu O, Demirci M. A Longitudinal Study in Turkiye of Host Ability to Produce Antibodies following a Third Homologous BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040716. [PMID: 37112628 PMCID: PMC10147003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted, complex condition that has negative impacts on one's health. There are conflicting reports regarding the COVID-19 vaccine's ability to induce antibody formation in obese people. Our study aimed to determine anti-S-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralizing antibody (snAb) levels before and after the third Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination (at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days) in normal-weight adults, overweight, and obese individuals without any comorbidity or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history, but it did not evaluate the response to the first two doses. In this longitudinal prospective study in Istanbul, Turkey, a total of 323 consecutive adult individuals (141 normal weight, 108 overweight, and 74 patients with obesity) were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected. Anti-S-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralizing antibody levels were detected using the ELISA method. After the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccination, obese patients had significantly lower levels of snAb against SARS-CoV-2 compared with normal-weight controls, but the levels otherwise did not differ between the study groups. Across all individuals in our cohort, titers peaked about a month after this third vaccination and then gradually faded. Anti-S-RBD IgG and snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 were not correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In conclusion, anti-S-RBD IgG titers and snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 were determined longitudinally for 120 days after the third homologous BNT162b2 vaccination. Although there were no significant differences in anti-S-RBD IgG, we found significant differences in the snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 between obese and healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Genco Erdem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Ozge Unlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli 39100, Turkey
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20
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Sakr R, Helou M, Hamieh C, Estephan M, Chrabieh R, Salameh P, Khazen G, Kolanjian H, Jabbour E, Husni R. Perception of the Lebanese Adults about Vaccination: A Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030621. [PMID: 36992205 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the continuous spread and emergence of transmissible diseases, focusing on preventive measures is essential to decrease their incidence and spread. In addition to behavioral measures, vaccination is an optimal way to protect the population and eradicate infectious diseases. The majority are aware of children’s vaccinations, while many might not know that adult vaccinations are also essential. Objectives: This study aims to understand the perception of Lebanese adults towards vaccination and their knowledge and awareness of its importance. This is a national cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 and January 2021. Results: the data were collected from 1023 subjects, the majority being Lebanese, previously healthy, and with a graduate or post-graduate level of education. Out of these participants, 44.9% were advised to take vaccines, half of them by healthcare workers. The most common vaccine received during adult life is the Flu vaccine. Overall, 25.6% of the participants were unaware that they needed vaccines and 27.9% thought it is not indicated. Participants’ knowledge about vaccination is variable. In total, 39.4% agree or are uncertain whether vaccines contain harmful chemicals and 48.4% believe that vaccines will trigger diseases. The level of education and occupation significantly enhances knowledge about vaccination. Some participants 27.3% are concerned about the vaccine’s side effects. The group of young participants, graduates, and nonsmokers think that the vaccine is a necessity and had a positive attitude towards vaccination. Conclusions: Many Lebanese lack knowledge about adult vaccination protection and its benefits in the community. It is essential that the country’s health ministry department collaborate with the healthcare system to launch awareness campaigns about adult vaccination in the country to overcome the barriers and ensure better coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Sakr
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Family Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mariana Helou
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Cima Hamieh
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Family Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Michelle Estephan
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Remie Chrabieh
- Department of Dermatology, Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Georges Khazen
- Computer Science and Mathematics Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Harout Kolanjian
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Elsy Jabbour
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rola Husni
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
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21
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Chen Y, Song W, Li C, Wang J, Liu F, Ye Z, Ren P, Tong Y, Li J, Ou Z, Lee ACY, Cai JP, Wong BHY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY, Zhang AJX, Chu H. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 infection in diet-induced obese mice through boosting host innate antiviral responses. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104485. [PMID: 36857860 PMCID: PMC9970285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is considered a risk factor of severe manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host responses to infection, re-infection, and vaccination in individuals with obesity remain incompletely understood. METHODS Using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model, we studied SARS-CoV-2 Alpha- and Omicron BA.1-induced disease manifestations and host immune responses to infection, re-infection, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. FINDINGS Unlike in lean mice, Omicron BA.1 and Alpha replicated to comparable levels in the lungs of DIO mice and resulted in similar degree of tissue damages. Importantly, both T cell and B cell mediated adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 mRNA vaccination are impaired in DIO mice, leading to higher propensity of re-infection and lower vaccine efficacy. However, despite the absence of neutralizing antibody, vaccinated DIO mice are protected from lung damage upon Omicron challenge, accompanied with significantly more IFN-α and IFN-β production in the lung tissue. Lung RNAseq and subsequent experiments indicated that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in DIO mice boosted antiviral innate immune response, including the expression of IFN-α, when compared to the nonvaccinated controls. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggested that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination enhances host innate antiviral responses in obesity which protect the DIO mice to a certain degree when adaptive immunity is suboptimal. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Song
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidi Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Tong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bosco Ho-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jin-Xia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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