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Householder JE, Wittmann F, Schöngart J, Piedade MTF, Junk WJ, Latrubesse EM, Quaresma AC, Demarchi LO, de S Lobo G, Aguiar DPPD, Assis RL, Lopes A, Parolin P, Leão do Amaral I, Coelho LDS, de Almeida Matos FD, Lima Filho DDA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Guevara-Andino JE, Carim MDJV, Phillips OL, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Rodrigues DDJ, Bánki OS, Peres CA, Pitman NCA, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, Novo EMMDL, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Costa FRC, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Rincón LM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Dantas do Amaral D, Castellanos H, Medeiros MBD, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Farias EDS, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, Queiroz HLD, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Noronha JC, Barbosa FR, de Sá Carpanedo R, Duivenvoorden JF, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Levis C, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, Toledo JJD, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Carvalho FA, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Dexter KG, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Licona JC, Pennington T, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Maas P, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Pardo Molina G, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Emilio T, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo Pena JL, Souza PF, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LDO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCDM, Doza HPD, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gonzales GPG, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPDA, Mozombite-Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Ter Steege H. One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:901-911. [PMID: 38467713 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ethan Householder
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany.
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany.
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Wolfgang J Junk
- National Institute for Science and Technology of Wetlands, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de S Lobo
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Lopes
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pia Parolin
- Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Gardens, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia-CAPES, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara-Andino
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Keller Science Action Center, the Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Joseph E Hawes
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Venezuela
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Rafael Lozada
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Freddie C Draper
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Gabriel Damasco
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Programa Restauración de Ecosistemas, Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Tambopata, Peru
- Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vitor H F Gomes
- Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Environmental Science Program, Geosciences Department, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Leticia, Colombia
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Toby Pennington
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Émile Fonty
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Office national des forêts, Direction régionale de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Paul Maas
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Pos
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Utrecht University Botanic Gardens, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Biogeography Department, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Milliken
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Guido Pardo Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | | | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wegliane Campelo
- Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bente Klitgaard
- Department for Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Priscila F Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - William Balee
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - César I A Vela
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diego F Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Milena Holmgren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Maira Rocha
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cláudia Baider
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Moka, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Germaine Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | | | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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de Lima RB, Görgens EB, da Silva DAS, de Oliveira CP, Batista APB, Caraciolo Ferreira RL, Costa FRC, Ferreira de Lima RA, da Silva Aparício P, de Abreu JC, da Silva JAA, Guimaraes AF, Fearnside PM, Sousa TR, Perdiz R, Higuchi N, Berenguer E, Resende AF, Elias F, de Castilho CV, de Medeiros MB, de Matos Filho JR, Sardinha MA, Freitas MAF, da Silva JJ, da Cunha AP, Santos RM, Muelbert AE, Guedes MC, Imbrózio R, de Sousa CSC, da Silva Aparício WC, da Silva E Silva BM, Silva CA, Marimon BS, Junior BHM, Morandi PS, Storck-Tonon D, Vieira ICG, Schietti J, Coelho F, Alves de Almeida DR, Castro W, Carvalho SPC, da Silva RDSA, Silveira J, Camargo JL, Melgaço K, de Freitas LJM, Vedovato L, Benchimol M, de Oliveira de Almeida G, Prance G, da Silveira AB, Simon MF, Garcia ML, Silveira M, Vital M, Andrade MBT, Silva N, de Araújo RO, Cavalheiro L, Carpanedo R, Fernandes L, Manzatto AG, de Andrade RTG, Magnusson WE, Laurance B, Nelson BW, Peres C, Daly DC, Rodrigues D, Zopeletto AP, de Oliveira EA, Dugachard E, Barbosa FR, Santana F, do Amaral IL, Ferreira LV, Charão LS, Ferreira J, Barlow J, Blanc L, Aragão L, Sist P, de Paiva Salomão R, da Silva ASL, Laurance S, Feldpausch TR, Gardner T, Santiago W, Balee W, Laurance WF, Malhi Y, Phillips OL, da Silva Zanzini AC, Rosa C, Tadeu Oliveira W, Pereira Zanzini L, José Silva R, Mangabeira Albernaz AL. Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4861-4879. [PMID: 37386918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Bastos Görgens
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rinaldo L Caraciolo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Manejo de Florestas Naturais "José Serafim Feitoza Ferraz", Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Flavia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Antônio Aleixo da Silva
- Laboratório de Manejo de Florestas Naturais "José Serafim Feitoza Ferraz", Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Aretha Franklin Guimaraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Philip M Fearnside
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perdiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Fernando Elias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maurício Alves Sardinha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | - José Jussian da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Mendes Santos
- Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Reinaldo Imbrózio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Morandi
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Storck-Tonon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Schietti
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho
- Department of Forestry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Alves de Almeida
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Silveira
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Salobrinho, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vital
- Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Maryane B T Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rainiellen Carpanedo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Núcleo de Estudos da Biodiversidade da Amazônia Mato-grossense, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - William E Magnusson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bill Laurance
- James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Walker Nelson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas C Daly
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Domingos Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Flavia Santana
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro S Charão
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Mexico
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Rede Amazônia Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lilian Blanc
- Unité Propre de Recherche Biens et Services des Écosystèmes Forestiers Tropicaux: l'Enjeu du Changement Global (BSEF), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Luiz Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Plinio Sist
- Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Toby Gardner
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antônio Carlos da Silva Zanzini
- Setor de Ecologia e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Rosa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wagner Tadeu Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Collaborating Researcher, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucas Pereira Zanzini
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT, Brazil
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