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Hassan N, Krieg T, Kopp A, Bach AD, Kröger N. Challenges and Pitfalls of Research Designs Involving Magnesium-Based Biomaterials: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6242. [PMID: 38892430 PMCID: PMC11172609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-based biomaterials hold remarkable promise for various clinical applications, offering advantages such as reduced stress-shielding and enhanced bone strengthening and vascular remodeling compared to traditional materials. However, ensuring the quality of preclinical research is crucial for the development of these implants. To achieve implant success, an understanding of the cellular responses post-implantation, proper model selection, and good study design are crucial. There are several challenges to reaching a safe and effective translation of laboratory findings into clinical practice. The utilization of Mg-based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery post-healing and mitigates adverse effects associated with permanent biomaterial implantation. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants poses challenges such as unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. The biocompatibility and degradability of materials based on magnesium have been studied by many researchers in vitro; however, evaluations addressing the impact of the material in vivo still need to be improved. Several animal models, including rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs, have been explored to assess the potential of magnesium-based materials. Moreover, strategies such as alloying and coating have been identified to enhance the degradation rate of magnesium-based materials in vivo to transform these challenges into opportunities. This review aims to explore the utilization of Mg implants across various biomedical applications within cellular (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alexander D. Bach
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
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2
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Linder S, Barcelona B. Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151356. [PMID: 37625234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where "phagocytic podosomes" have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Limaye VS. Preventing myofibre necrosis in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy-is complement inhibition effective? THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e60-e61. [PMID: 38251538 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sadanand Limaye
- Rheumatology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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4
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Guan J. A Theoretical Model for Phagocytic Capacity of Phagocytes. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University 2525 Pottsdamer Street Tallahassee FL 32310‐2870 USA
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5
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Herron JC, Hu S, Liu B, Watanabe T, Hahn KM, Elston TC. Spatial models of pattern formation during phagocytosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010092. [PMID: 36190993 PMCID: PMC9560619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the biological process in which cells ingest large particles such as bacteria, is a key component of the innate immune response. Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis is initiated when these receptors are activated after binding immunoglobulin G (IgG). Receptor activation initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the formation of the phagocytic cup and culminates with ingestion of the foreign particle. In the experimental system termed "frustrated phagocytosis", cells attempt to internalize micropatterned disks of IgG. Cells that engage in frustrated phagocytosis form "rosettes" of actin-enriched structures called podosomes around the IgG disk. The mechanism that generates the rosette pattern is unknown. We present data that supports the involvement of Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, in pattern formation. Cdc42 acts downstream of receptor activation, upstream of actin polymerization, and is known to play a role in polarity establishment. Reaction-diffusion models for GTPase spatiotemporal dynamics exist. We demonstrate how the addition of negative feedback and minor changes to these models can generate the experimentally observed rosette pattern of podosomes. We show that this pattern formation can occur through two general mechanisms. In the first mechanism, an intermediate species forms a ring of high activity around the IgG disk, which then promotes rosette organization. The second mechanism does not require initial ring formation but relies on spatial gradients of intermediate chemical species that are selectively activated over the IgG patch. Finally, we analyze the models to suggest experiments to test their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shiqiong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Klaus M. Hahn
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Elston
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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6
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Herron JC, Hu S, Watanabe T, Nogueira AT, Liu B, Kern ME, Aaron J, Taylor A, Pablo M, Chew TL, Elston TC, Hahn KM. Actin nano-architecture of phagocytic podosomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4363. [PMID: 35896550 PMCID: PMC9329332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are actin-enriched adhesion structures important for multiple cellular processes, including migration, bone remodeling, and phagocytosis. Here, we characterize the structure and organization of phagocytic podosomes using interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy, a super-resolution microscopy technique capable of 15-20 nm resolution, together with structured illumination microscopy and localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Phagocytic podosomes are observed during frustrated phagocytosis, a model in which cells attempt to engulf micropatterned IgG antibodies. For circular patterns, this results in regular arrays of podosomes with well-defined geometry. Using persistent homology, we develop a pipeline for semi-automatic identification and measurement of podosome features. These studies reveal an hourglass shape of the podosome actin core, a protruding knob at the bottom of the core, and two actin networks extending from the core. Additionally, the distributions of paxillin, talin, myosin II, α-actinin, cortactin, and microtubules relative to actin are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shiqiong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ana T Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan E Kern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Aaron Taylor
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Michael Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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7
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The Innate Immune Response to Infection by Polyascus gregaria in the Male Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Revealed by Proteomic Analysis. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a representative catadromous invertebrate of the Yangtze River and a commercial species widely cultivated in China. Both cultivated and wild crabs suffer from a variety of parasites and pathogens, which can result in catastrophic economic losses in aquaculture revenue. Polyascus gregaria, a parasitic barnacle with a highly derived morphology, is specialized in invading these crabs. This study examines the immunological mechanism in E. sinensis infected with P. gregaria. Tandem mass tags (TMT), a specialized method of mass-spectrometry, was used to analyze the infection by P. gregaria resistance at the protein level. In the hepatopancreas of infected crabs, 598 proteins differentially expressed relating to physiological change, of which, 352 were upregulated and 246 were downregulated. Based on this differential protein expression, 104 GO terms and 13 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Differentially expressed proteins, such as ATG, cathepsin, serpin, iron-related protein, Rab family, integrin, and lectin, are associated with the lysosome GO term and the autophagy-animal KEGG pathways, both of which likely relate to the immune response to the parasitic P. gregaria infection. These results show the benefit of taking a detailed, protein-level approach to understanding the innate immune response of aquatic invertebrates to macroparasite infection.
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8
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Kassas N, Fouillen L, Gasman S, Vitale N. A Lipidomics Approach to Measure Phosphatidic Acid Species in Subcellular Membrane Fractions Obtained from Cultured Cells. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4066. [PMID: 34263007 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, lipids have emerged as possessing an ever-increasing number of key functions, especially in membrane trafficking. For instance, phosphatidic acid (PA) has been proposed to play a critical role in different steps along the secretory pathway or during phagocytosis. To further investigate in detail the precise nature of PA activities, we need to identify the organelles in which PA is synthesized and the PA subspecies involved in these biological functions. Indeed, PA, like all phospholipids, has a large variety based on its fatty acid composition. The recent development of PA sensors has helped us to follow intracellular PA dynamics but has failed to provide information on individual PA species. Here, we describe a method for the subcellular fractionation of RAW264.7 macrophages that allows us to obtain membrane fractions enriched in specific organelles based on their density. Lipids from these membrane fractions are precipitated and subsequently processed by advanced mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis to measure the levels of different PA species based on their fatty acyl chain composition. This approach revealed the presence of up to 50 different species of PA in cellular membranes, opening up the possibility that a single class of phospholipid could play multiple functions in any given organelle. This protocol can be adapted or modified and used for the evaluation of other intracellular membrane compartments or cell types of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Kassas
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR-5200 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Plateforme Métabolome, Université de Bordeaux; 33883 Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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10
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Tertrais M, Bigot C, Martin E, Poincloux R, Labrousse A, Maridonneau-Parini I. Phagocytosis is coupled to the formation of phagosome-associated podosomes and a transient disruption of podosomes in human macrophages. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151161. [PMID: 33836409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis consists in ingestion and digestion of large particles, a process strictly dependent on actin re-organization. Using synchronized phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads (IgG-LB), zymosan or serum opsonized-zymosan, we report the formation of actin structures on both phagocytic cups and closed phagosomes in human macrophages. Their lifespan, size, protein composition and organization are similar to podosomes. Thus, we called these actin structures phagosome-associated podosomes (PAPs). Concomitantly to the formation of PAPs, a transient disruption of podosomes occurred at the ventral face of macrophages. Similarly to podosomes, which are targeted by vesicles containing proteases, the presence of PAPs correlated with the maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes. The ingestion of LB without IgG did not trigger PAPs formation, did not lead to podosome disruption and maturation to phagolysosomes, suggesting that these events are linked together. Although similar to podosomes, we found that PAPs differed by being resistant to the Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666. Thus, we describe a podosome subtype which forms on phagosomes where it probably serves several tasks of this multifunctional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Tertrais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Bigot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Labrousse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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11
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Jo Y, Kim HM, Lee J, Lee C, Hugonnet H, Park Y, Liu X, Chang YT, Kim H, Kim P. Fluid–Matrix Interface Triggers a Heterogeneous Activation of Macrophages. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4294-4301. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Jo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyo Min Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jongbeom Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Chungha Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hervé Hugonnet
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), South Korea & Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), South Korea & Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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12
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Shields CW, Evans MA, Wang LLW, Baugh N, Iyer S, Wu D, Zhao Z, Pusuluri A, Ukidve A, Pan DC, Mitragotri S. Cellular backpacks for macrophage immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6579. [PMID: 32494680 PMCID: PMC7190308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfers have emerged as a disruptive approach to treat disease in a manner that is more specific than using small-molecule drugs; however, unlike traditional drugs, cells are living entities that can alter their function in response to environmental cues. In the present study, we report an engineered particle referred to as a "backpack" that can robustly adhere to macrophage surfaces and regulate cellular phenotypes in vivo. Backpacks evade phagocytosis for several days and release cytokines to continuously guide the polarization of macrophages toward antitumor phenotypes. We demonstrate that these antitumor phenotypes are durable, even in the strongly immunosuppressive environment of a murine breast cancer model. Conserved phenotypes led to reduced metastatic burdens and slowed tumor growths compared with those of mice treated with an equal dose of macrophages with free cytokine. Overall, these studies highlight a new pathway to control and maintain phenotypes of adoptive cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Michael A. Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil Baugh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Debra Wu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Anusha Pusuluri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Daniel C. Pan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Maxfield FR, Barbosa-Lorenzi VC, Singh RK. Digestive exophagy: Phagocyte digestion of objects too large for phagocytosis. Traffic 2019; 21:6-12. [PMID: 31664749 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian phagocytes carry out several essential functions, including killing and digesting infectious organisms, clearing denatured proteins, removing dead cells and removing several types of debris from the extracellular space. Many of these functions involve phagocytosis, the engulfment of a target in a specialized endocytic process and then fusion of the new phagosome with lysosomes. Phagocytes such as macrophages can phagocytose targets that are several micrometers in diameter (eg, dead cells), but in some cases they encounter much larger objects. We have studied two such examples in some detail: large deposits of lipoproteins such as those in the wall of blood vessels associated with atherosclerosis, and dead adipocytes, which are dozens of micrometers in diameter. We describe a process, which we call digestive exophagy, in which macrophages create a tight seal in contact with the target, acidify the sealed zone and secrete lysosomal contents into the contact zone. By this process, hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes occurs in a compartment that is outside the cell. We compare this process to the well characterized digestion of bone by osteoclasts, and we point out key similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Li M, Fu X, Gao H, Ji Y, Li J, Wang Y. Regulation of an osteon-like concentric microgrooved surface on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Dynamic Podosome-Like Structures in Nascent Phagosomes Are Coordinated by Phosphoinositides. Dev Cell 2019; 50:397-410.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Barger SR, Reilly NS, Shutova MS, Li Q, Maiuri P, Heddleston JM, Mooseker MS, Flavell RA, Svitkina T, Oakes PW, Krendel M, Gauthier NC. Membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk mediated by myosin-I regulates adhesion turnover during phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1249. [PMID: 30890704 PMCID: PMC6425032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of invading pathogens or cellular debris requires a dramatic change in cell shape driven by actin polymerization. For antibody-covered targets, phagocytosis is thought to proceed through the sequential engagement of Fc-receptors on the phagocyte with antibodies on the target surface, leading to the extension and closure of the phagocytic cup around the target. We find that two actin-dependent molecular motors, class 1 myosins myosin 1e and myosin 1f, are specifically localized to Fc-receptor adhesions and required for efficient phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. Using primary macrophages lacking both myosin 1e and myosin 1f, we find that without the actin-membrane linkage mediated by these myosins, the organization of individual adhesions is compromised, leading to excessive actin polymerization, slower adhesion turnover, and deficient phagocytic internalization. This work identifies a role for class 1 myosins in coordinated adhesion turnover during phagocytosis and supports a mechanism involving membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk for phagocytic cup closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Reilly
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, 20147, VA, USA
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA.
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy.
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Biomaterials: Foreign Bodies or Tuners for the Immune Response? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030636. [PMID: 30717232 PMCID: PMC6386828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to recover the functionality of damaged organs and tissues. In this scenario, the cellular and molecular events that decide on implant success and tissue regeneration are played at the interface between the foreign body and the host inflammation, determined by innate and adaptive immune responses. To avoid adverse events, rather than the use of inert scaffolds, current state of the art points to the use of immunomodulatory biomaterials and their knowledge-based use to reduce neutrophil activation, and optimize M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, Th1 to Th2 lymphocyte switch, and Treg induction. Despite the fact that the field is still evolving and much remains to be accomplished, recent research breakthroughs have provided a broader insight on the correct choice of biomaterial physicochemical modifications to tune the reaction of the host immune system to implanted biomaterial and to favor integration and healing.
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De Zuani M, Paolicelli G, Zelante T, Renga G, Romani L, Arzese A, Pucillo CEM, Frossi B. Mast Cells Respond to Candida albicans Infections and Modulate Macrophages Phagocytosis of the Fungus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2829. [PMID: 30555491 PMCID: PMC6284040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived immune cells widely distributed at mucosal surfaces and are among the first immune cell type that can get in contact with the external environment. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms of reciprocal influence between mucosal MCs and Candida albicans as commensal/opportunistic pathogen species in humans. Stimulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with live forms of C. albicans induced the release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-4. Quite interestingly, BMMCs were able to engulf C. albicans hyphae, rearranging their α-tubulin cytoskeleton and accumulating LAMP1+ vesicles at the phagocytic synapse with the fungus. Candida-infected MCs increased macrophage crawling ability and promoted their chemotaxis against the infection. On the other side, resting MCs inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of C. albicans in a contact-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that MCs play a key role in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the host and the commensal fungus C. albicans, limiting pathological fungal growth and modulating the response of resident macrophages during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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de Luna LAV, Zorgi NE, de Moraes ACM, da Silva DS, Consonni SR, Giorgio S, Alves OL. In vitro immunotoxicological assessment of a potent microbicidal nanocomposite based on graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:189-203. [PMID: 30451576 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1537410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be formed into a hybrid nanomaterial, known as GOAg nanocomposite, which presents high antibacterial activity. The successful translation of this nanomaterial into medical use depends on critical information about its toxicological profile. In keeping with a Safe-by-design approach, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of GOAg using J774 and primary murine macrophages. The interaction between GOAg and macrophages was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). High-throughput technologies were employed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis/necrosis, mitochondrial depolarization and lipid peroxidation. The inflammogenicity of nanomaterials was predicted after quantification of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The ratio between CD80 and CD206 macrophage populations were also estimated. In addition, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was investigated. SEM surveys revealed the potential of GOAg to induce frustrated phagocytosis. GOAg induced a dose-dependent mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation to J774 macrophages. GOAg toxicity was not modified in an inflammatory microenvironment, but its toxicity was within the range of concentrations used in bacterial inactivation. GOAg did not induce primary macrophages to significantly produce inflammatory cytokines, and previous macrophage stimulation did not enhance GOAg inflammogenicity. Additionally, the pristine nanomaterials and GOAg do not shift macrophages polarization towards M1. Sublethal concentrations of GOAg did not impair macrophages NO production. Finally, we suggest options for improvement of GOAg nanocomposite in ways that may help minimize its possible adverse outcomes to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- a Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil.,b Department of Animal Biology , Laboratory of leishmaniasis, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Nahiara Esteves Zorgi
- b Department of Animal Biology , Laboratory of leishmaniasis, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | | | | | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- d Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- b Department of Animal Biology , Laboratory of leishmaniasis, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Luiz Alves
- a Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
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Chen H, Sheng L, Gong Z, Ru S, Bian H. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms of hepatic injury upon naphthalene exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:650-660. [PMID: 29748829 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene has been used worldwide as a commercial insecticide for decades, which when detected in the environment can have various negative effects on non-target organism, such as hepatotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of how naphthalene acts to affect the liver in zebrafish (Danio rerio) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of naphthalene on livers in female adult zebrafish over a 21-day subacute exposure. Global hepatic gene expression was examined by microarrays and the results indicated the regulated genes were associated significantly with vital hepatic injury pathways and GO categories upon naphthalene exposure, such as disruptions in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and the carcinogenic processes. According to our observations of liver histology, nuclear enlargement as a potential indicator of cancers and hepatic lipometabolic disorder precisely were supported. The 96 h acute naphthalene tests on Tg(lysC:DsRed) and LiPan lines larvae revealed recruitment of neutrophils by the liver, as well as decreased liver size, which further confirmed hepatic inflammation response to naphthalene exposure. Thus, these findings advance the field of ecotoxicology by unveiling a new role of naphthalene as a leading cause of liver damage and provide potential biomarker-genes for environmental naphthalene monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Hongfeng Bian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
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Zhou G, Groth T. Host Responses to Biomaterials and Anti-Inflammatory Design-a Brief Review. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800112. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Group; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group; Institute of Pharmacy and, Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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23
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Zhu W, Zheng X, Huang Y, Lu Z, Ai H. Super-resolution imaging and real-time tracking lysosome in living cells by a fluorescent probe. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Phagocytes recognize and eliminate pathogens, alert other tissues of impending threats, and provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity. They also maintain tissue homeostasis, consuming dead cells without causing alarm. The receptor engagement, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal rearrangements underlying phagocytosis are paradigmatic of other immune responses and bear similarities to macropinocytosis and cell migration. We discuss how the glycocalyx restricts access to phagocytic receptors, the processes that enable receptor engagement and clustering, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that controls the mobility of membrane proteins and lipids and provides the mechanical force propelling the phagocyte membrane toward and around the phagocytic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5C 1N8, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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Inhaled sildenafil as an alternative to oral sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). J Control Release 2017; 250:96-106. [PMID: 28185800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The practice of treating PAH patients with oral or intravenous sildenafil suffers from the limitations of short dosing intervals, peripheral vasodilation, unwanted side effects, and restricted use in pediatric patients. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that inhalable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles of sildenafil prolong the release of the drug, produce pulmonary specific vasodilation, reduce the systemic exposure of the drug, and may be used as an alternative to oral sildenafil in the treatment of PAH. Thus, we prepared porous PLGA particles of sildenafil using a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a porosigen and characterized the formulations for surface morphology, respirability, in-vitro drug release, and evaluated for in vivo absorption, alveolar macrophage uptake, and safety. PEI increased the particle porosity, drug entrapment, and produced drug release for 36h. Fluorescent particles showed reduced uptake by alveolar macrophages. The polymeric particles were safe to rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell and to the lungs, as evidenced by the cytotoxicity assay and analyses of the injury markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, respectively. Intratracheally administered sildenafil particles elicited more pulmonary specific and sustained vasodilation in SUGEN-5416/hypoxia-induced PAH rats than oral, intravenous, or intratracheal plain sildenafil did, when administered at the same dose. Overall, true to the hypothesis, this study shows that inhaled PLGA particles of sildenafil can be administered, as a substitute for oral form of sildenafil, at a reduced dose and longer dosing interval.
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Wagner L, Kaestner F, Wolf R, Stiller H, Heiser U, Manhart S, Hoffmann T, Rahfeld JU, Demuth HU, Rothermundt M, von Hörsten S. Identifying neuropeptide Y (NPY) as the main stress-related substrate of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in blood circulation. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:21-34. [PMID: 26988064 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position. Substrates of DPP4 include several stress-related neuropeptides implicated in anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. A decline of DPP4-like activity has been reported in sera from depressed patient, but not fully characterized regarding DPP4-like enzymes, therapeutic interventions and protein. METHODS Sera from 16 melancholic- and 16 non-melancholic-depressed patients were evaluated for DPP4-like activities and the concentration of soluble DPP4 protein before and after treatment by anti-depressive therapies. Post-translational modification of DPP4-isoforms and degradation of NPY, Peptide YY (PYY), Galanin-like peptide (GALP), Orexin B (OrxB), OrxA, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and substance P (SP) were studied in serum and in ex vivo human blood. N-terminal truncation of biotinylated NPY by endothelial membrane-bound DPP4 versus soluble DPP4 was determined in rat brain perfusates and spiked sera. RESULTS Lower DPP4 activities in depressed patients were reversed by anti-depressive treatment. In sera, DPP4 contributed to more than 90% of the overall DPP4-like activity and correlated with its protein concentration. NPY displayed equal degradation in serum and blood, and was equally truncated by serum and endothelial DPP4. In addition, GALP and rat OrxB were identified as novel substrates of DPP4. CONCLUSION NPY is the best DPP4-substrate in blood, being truncated by soluble and membrane DPP4, respectively. The decline of soluble DPP4 in acute depression could be reversed upon anti-depressive treatment. Peptidases from three functional compartments regulate the bioactivity of NPY in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Wagner
- Deutschsprachige Selbsthilfegruppe für Alkaptonurie (DSAKU) e,V., Stuttgart, Germany; Probiodrug AG, Halle, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Experimental Therapy, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Florian Kaestner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Raik Wolf
- Center for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Transfusion, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Germany; Probiodrug AG, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Torsten Hoffmann
- Center for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Transfusion, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Germany
| | - Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Rothermundt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; St. Rochus-Hospital Telgte, 48291 Telgte, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Experimental Therapy, Erlangen, Germany.
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Raspe M, Kedziora KM, van den Broek B, Zhao Q, de Jong S, Herz J, Mastop M, Goedhart J, Gadella TWJ, Young IT, Jalink K. siFLIM: single-image frequency-domain FLIM provides fast and photon-efficient lifetime data. Nat Methods 2016; 13:501-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Haka AS, Barbosa-Lorenzi VC, Lee HJ, Falcone DJ, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ, Maxfield FR. Exocytosis of macrophage lysosomes leads to digestion of apoptotic adipocytes and foam cell formation. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:980-92. [PMID: 27044658 PMCID: PMC4878183 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of apoptotic cells are phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Adipocytes can be hundreds of times larger than macrophages, so they are too large to be digested by conventional phagocytic processes. The nature of the interaction between macrophages and apoptotic adipocytes has not been studied in detail. We describe a cellular process, termed exophagy, that is important for macrophage clearance of dead adipocytes and adipose tissue homeostasis. Using mouse models of obesity, human tissue, and a cell culture model, we show that macrophages form hydrolytic extracellular compartments at points of contact with dead adipocytes using local actin polymerization. These compartments are acidic and contain lysosomal enzymes delivered by exocytosis. Uptake and complete degradation of adipocyte fragments, which are released by extracellular hydrolysis, leads to macrophage foam cell formation. Exophagy-mediated foam cell formation is a highly efficient means by which macrophages internalize large amounts of lipid, which may ultimately overwhelm the metabolic capacity of the macrophage. This process provides a mechanism for degradation of objects, such as dead adipocytes, that are too large to be phagocytosed by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Haka
- Departments of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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Singh RK, Barbosa-Lorenzi VC, Lund FW, Grosheva I, Maxfield FR, Haka AS. Degradation of aggregated LDL occurs in complex extracellular sub-compartments of the lysosomal synapse. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1072-82. [PMID: 26801085 PMCID: PMC4813320 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived cells use an extracellular, acidic, lytic compartment (a lysosomal synapse) for initial degradation of large objects or species bound to the extracellular matrix. Akin to osteoclast degradation of bone, extracellular catabolism is used by macrophages to degrade aggregates of low density lipoprotein (LDL) similar to those encountered during atherogenesis. However, unlike osteoclast catabolism, the lysosomal synapse is a highly dynamic and intricate structure. In this study, we use high resolution three dimensional imaging to visualize compartments formed by macrophages to catabolize aggregated LDL. We show that these compartments are topologically complex, have a convoluted structure and contain sub-regions that are acidified. These sub-regions are characterized by a close apposition of the macrophage plasma membrane and aggregates of LDL that are still connected to the extracellular space. Compartment formation is dependent on local actin polymerization. However, once formed, compartments are able to maintain a pH gradient when actin is depolymerized. These observations explain how compartments are able to maintain a proton gradient while remaining outside the boundaries of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Frederik W Lund
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Grosheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederick R Maxfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abigail S Haka
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Innate Immunity and Biomaterials at the Nexus: Friends or Foes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:342304. [PMID: 26247017 PMCID: PMC4515263 DOI: 10.1155/2015/342304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial implants are an established part of medical practice, encompassing a broad range of devices that widely differ in function and structural composition. However, one common property amongst biomaterials is the induction of the foreign body response: an acute sterile inflammatory reaction which overlaps with tissue vascularisation and remodelling and ultimately fibrotic encapsulation of the biomaterial to prevent further interaction with host tissue. Severity and clinical manifestation of the biomaterial-induced foreign body response are different for each biomaterial, with cases of incompatibility often associated with loss of function. However, unravelling the mechanisms that progress to the formation of the fibrotic capsule highlights the tightly intertwined nature of immunological responses to a seemingly noncanonical “antigen.” In this review, we detail the pathways associated with the foreign body response and describe possible mechanisms of immune involvement that can be targeted. We also discuss methods of modulating the immune response by altering the physiochemical surface properties of the biomaterial prior to implantation. Developments in these areas are reliant on reproducible and effective animal models and may allow a “combined” immunomodulatory approach of adapting surface properties of biomaterials, as well as treating key immune pathways to ultimately reduce the negative consequences of biomaterial implantation.
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Proag A, Bouissou A, Mangeat T, Voituriez R, Delobelle P, Thibault C, Vieu C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R. Working together: spatial synchrony in the force and actin dynamics of podosome first neighbors. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3800-3813. [PMID: 25791988 DOI: 10.1021/nn506745r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Podosomes are mechanosensitive adhesion cell structures that are capable of applying protrusive forces onto the extracellular environment. We have recently developed a method dedicated to the evaluation of the nanoscale forces that podosomes generate to protrude into the extracellular matrix. It consists in measuring by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the nanometer deformations produced by macrophages on a compliant Formvar membrane and has been called protrusion force microscopy (PFM). Here we perform time-lapse PFM experiments and investigate spatial correlations of force dynamics between podosome pairs. We use an automated procedure based on finite element simulations that extends the analysis of PFM experimental data to take into account podosome architecture and organization. We show that protrusion force varies in a synchronous manner for podosome first neighbors, a result that correlates with phase synchrony of core F-actin temporal oscillations. This dynamic spatial coordination between podosomes suggests a short-range interaction that regulates their mechanical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Proag
- †IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), UMR CNRS 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‡UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Bouissou
- †IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), UMR CNRS 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‡UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- ‡UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- §CNRS, LBCMCP, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- ⊥UPMC, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, FRE 3231 CNRS-UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Delobelle
- ∥FEMTO-ST, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche Comté, 24 rue de l'Epitaphe, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Thibault
- #CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- ∇INSA, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- #CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- ∇INSA, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- †IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), UMR CNRS 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‡UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- †IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), UMR CNRS 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‡UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors are essential mediators of host defense and inflammation in the gastrointestinal system. Recent data have revealed that toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) function to maintain homeostasis between the host microbiome and mucosal immunity. The NLR proteins are a diverse class of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors. In humans, only about half of the identified NLRs have been adequately characterized. The majority of well-characterized NLRs participate in the formation of a multiprotein complex, termed the inflammasome, which is responsible for the maturation of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. However, recent observations have also uncovered the presence of a novel subgroup of NLRs that function as positive or negative regulators of inflammation through modulating critical signaling pathways, including NF-κB. Dysregulation of specific NLRs from both proinflammatory and inhibitory subgroups have been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genetically susceptible human populations. Our own preliminary retrospective data mining efforts have identified a diverse range of NLRs that are significantly altered at the messenger RNA level in colons from patients with IBD. Likewise, studies using genetically modified mouse strains have revealed that multiple NLR family members have the potential to dramatically modulate the immune response during IBD. Targeting NLR signaling represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy. However, significant effort is necessary to translate the current understanding of NLR biology into effective therapies.
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Protrusion force microscopy reveals oscillatory force generation and mechanosensing activity of human macrophage podosomes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5343. [PMID: 25385672 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are adhesion structures formed in monocyte-derived cells. They are F-actin-rich columns perpendicular to the substrate surrounded by a ring of integrins. Here, to measure podosome protrusive forces, we designed an innovative experimental setup named protrusion force microscopy (PFM), which consists in measuring by atomic force microscopy the deformation induced by living cells onto a compliant Formvar sheet. By quantifying the heights of protrusions made by podosomes onto Formvar sheets, we estimate that a single podosome generates a protrusion force that increases with the stiffness of the substratum, which is a hallmark of mechanosensing activity. We show that the protrusive force generated at podosomes oscillates with a constant period and requires combined actomyosin contraction and actin polymerization. Finally, we elaborate a model to explain the mechanical and oscillatory activities of podosomes. Thus, PFM shows that podosomes are mechanosensing cell structures exerting a protrusive force.
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Ariel A, Maridonneau-Parini I, Rovere-Querini P, Levine JS, Mühl H. Macrophages in inflammation and its resolution. Front Immunol 2012; 3:324. [PMID: 23125842 PMCID: PMC3485560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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