1
|
Chen Y, Guo P, Chen L, He D. 5-aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic reactions in diagnosis and therapy for female lower genital tract diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1370396. [PMID: 39076768 PMCID: PMC11284047 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1370396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the patients suffering from female lower genital tract diseases are getting younger and younger and the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is becoming more widespread, the novel non-invasive precise modalities of diagnosis and therapy are required to remain structures of the organ and tissue, and fertility as well, by which the less damage to normal tissue and fewer adverse effects are able to be achieved. In all nucleated mammalian cells, 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid that occurs spontaneously, which further synthesizes in the heme biosynthetic pathway into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as a porphyrin precursor and photosensitizing agent. Exogenous 5-ALA avoids the rate-limiting step in the process, causing PpIX buildup in tumor tissues. This tumor-selective PpIX distribution after 5-ALA application has been used successfully for tumor photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Several ALA-based drugs have been used for ALA-PDD and ALA-PDT in treating many (pre)cancerous diseases, including the female lower genital tract diseases, yet the ALA-induced fluorescent theranostics is needed to be explored further. In this paper, we are going to review the studies of the mechanisms and applications mainly on ALA-mediated photodynamic reactions and its effectiveness in treating female lower genital tract diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Pons A, Teodosio C, Jara-Acevedo M, Henriques A, Navarro-Navarro P, García-Montero AC, Álvarez-Twose I, Lecrevisse Q, Fluxa R, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Caldas C, Pozo J, Martín S, Sanfeliciano TC, Pedreira CE, Botafogo V, González-López O, Mayado A, Orfao A. T-cell immune profile in blood of systemic mastocytosis: Association with disease features. Allergy 2024; 79:1921-1937. [PMID: 38299742 DOI: 10.1111/all.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an expansion of KIT-mutated mast cells (MC). KIT-mutated MC display activated features and release MC mediators that might act on the tumour microenvironment and other immune cells. Here, we investigated the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in blood of patients with distinct subtypes of SM and determined its association with other disease features. METHODS We studied the distribution of TCD4+ and TCD4- cytotoxic cells and their subsets, as well as total NK- and B cells, in blood of 115 SM patients-38 bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), 67 indolent SM (ISM), 10 aggressive SM (ASM)- and 83 age-matched healthy donors (HD), using spectral flow cytometry and the EuroFlow Immunomonitoring panel, and correlated it with multilineage KITD816V, the alpha-tryptasemia genotype (HαT) and the clinical manifestations of the disease. RESULTS SM patients showed decreased counts (vs. HD) of TCD4- cytotoxic cells, NK cells and several functional subsets of TCD4+ cells (total Th1, Th2-effector memory, Th22-terminal effector and Th1-like Tregs), together with increased T-follicular-helper and Th1/Th17-like Treg counts, associated with different immune profiles per diagnostic subtype of SM, in multilineal versus MC-restricted KITD816V and in cases with a HαT+ versus HαT- genotype. Unique immune profiles were found among BMM and ISM patients with MC-restricted KITD816V who displayed HαT, anaphylaxis, hymenoptera venom allergy, bone disease, pruritus, flushing and GI symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results reveal altered T- and NK-cell immune profiles in blood of SM, which vary per disease subtype, the pattern of involvement of haematopoiesis by KITD816V, the HαT genotype and specific clinical manifestations of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pérez-Pons
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
- Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Henriques
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast), Virgen del Valle Hospital, CIBERONC, Toledo, Madrid, Spain
- Cytognos SL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Navarro-Navarro
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
- Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast), Virgen del Valle Hospital, CIBERONC, Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Laura Sánchez-Muñoz
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast), Virgen del Valle Hospital, CIBERONC, Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Caldas
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio Pozo
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Martín
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Carlos E Pedreira
- Systems and Computing Department (PESC), COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Botafogo
- Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar González-López
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center Consortium (CIBERONC; CB16/12/00400), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), Toledo, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Obeagu EI. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of mast cell markers in HIV/AIDS: Current insights and future directions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38117. [PMID: 38758896 PMCID: PMC11098248 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose significant global health challenges, necessitating advancements in diagnostic and prognostic approaches to optimize disease management. While primarily recognized for their roles in allergic responses, mast cells have emerged as potential markers with diagnostic and prognostic significance in the context of HIV/AIDS. This paper aims to synthesize current insights and delineate future directions regarding the utility of mast cell markers in diagnosing HIV infection, predicting disease progression, and guiding therapeutic strategies. Mast cells, equipped with distinct markers such as tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, and c-kit/CD117 receptors, exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns that offer potential as diagnostic indicators for HIV infection. Understanding the dynamics of these markers in different tissues and body fluids holds promise for accurate HIV diagnosis, disease staging, and monitoring treatment responses. Moreover, the prognostic significance of mast cell markers in HIV/AIDS lies in their potential to predict disease progression, immune dysregulation, and clinical outcomes. The integration of mast cell markers into clinical applications offers promising avenues for refining diagnostic assays, patient monitoring protocols, and therapeutic strategies in HIV/AIDS. Future research directions involve the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies based on mast cell-specific markers, potentially revolutionizing clinical practice and enhancing patient care in the management of HIV/AIDS. Continued investigations into mast cell markers' diagnostic and prognostic implications hold immense potential to advance our understanding and improve outcomes in HIV/AIDS management.
Collapse
|
4
|
Afshari M, Kolackova M, Rosecka M, Čelakovská J, Krejsek J. Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361005. [PMID: 38500882 PMCID: PMC10944924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by red pruritic skin lesions, xerosis, ichthyosis, and skin pain. Among the social impacts of atopic dermatitis are difficulties and detachment in relationships and social stigmatization. Additionally, atopic dermatitis is known to cause sleep disturbance, anxiety, hyperactivity, and depression. Although the pathological process behind atopic dermatitis is not fully known, it appears to be a combination of epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Skin is the largest organ of the human body which acts as a mechanical barrier to toxins and UV light and a natural barrier against water loss. Both functions face significant challenges due to atopic dermatitis. The list of factors that can potentially trigger or contribute to atopic dermatitis is extensive, ranging from genetic factors, family history, dietary choices, immune triggers, and environmental factors. Consequently, prevention, early clinical diagnosis, and effective treatment may be the only resolutions to combat this burdensome disease. Ensuring safe and targeted drug delivery to the skin layers, without reaching the systemic circulation is a promising option raised by nano-delivery systems in dermatology. In this review, we explored the current understanding and approaches of atopic dermatitis and outlined a range of the most recent therapeutics and dosage forms brought by nanotechnology. This review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moeina Afshari
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Michaela Rosecka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viudez-Martínez A, Torregrosa AB, Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS. Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression. Biomolecules 2024; 14:163. [PMID: 38397400 PMCID: PMC10886628 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder. Among the risk factors identified, psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, seem to play an important role in its onset and clinical course. Patients with migraine are 2.5 times more likely to develop a depressive disorder; this risk becomes even higher in patients suffering from chronic migraine or migraine with aura. This relationship is bidirectional, since depression also predicts an earlier/worse onset of migraine, increasing the risk of migraine chronicity and, consequently, requiring a higher healthcare expenditure compared to migraine alone. All these data suggest that migraine and depression may share overlapping biological mechanisms. Herein, this review explores this topic in further detail: firstly, by introducing the common epidemiological and risk factors for this comorbidity; secondly, by focusing on providing the cumulative evidence of common biological aspects, with a particular emphasis on the serotoninergic system, neuropeptides such as calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), substance P, neuropeptide Y and orexins, sexual hormones, and the immune system; lastly, by remarking on the future challenges required to elucidate the etiopathological mechanisms of migraine and depression and providing updated information regarding new key targets for the pharmacological treatment of these clinical entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Viudez-Martínez
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Dr. Balmis de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Abraham B. Torregrosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alda S, Ceausu RA, Gaje PN, Raica M, Cosoroaba RM. Mast Cell: A Mysterious Character in Skin Cancer. In Vivo 2024; 38:58-68. [PMID: 38148067 PMCID: PMC10756458 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignancies represent a real concern and burden for the healthcare system, not only due to their increased frequency, but also due to the significant number of deaths attributed to these types of cancer. The genesis of tumors, their progression and metastasis are highly complex and researched subjects; apparently, mast cells (MCs) constitute an important piece in the complicated jigsaw puzzle of cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge of the roles MCs might play in the development of cutaneous malignancies. Besides their well-known and studied role in allergic reactions, MCs are linked to multiple and various disorders, including cancer. MCs exhibit incredible heterogeneity, being able to secrete numerous mediators that influence the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells. They are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation and angiogenesis. In this context, it is paramount to explore the advancements made so far in elucidating the roles that MCs have in skin cancer because they might provide valuable therapeutic targets in the future. Controversial and conflicting results were obtained across the studies examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alda
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center Timişoara, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Amalia Ceausu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center Timişoara, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Pusa Nela Gaje
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center Timişoara, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center Timişoara, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Mioara Cosoroaba
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dental Medicine, First Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molderings GJ, Afrin LB. A survey of the currently known mast cell mediators with potential relevance for therapy of mast cell-induced symptoms. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2881-2891. [PMID: 37243761 PMCID: PMC10567897 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) occupy a central role in immunological as well as non-immunological processes as reflected in the variety of the mediators by which MCs influence other cells. Published lists of MC mediators have all shown only subsets-usually quite small-of the full repertoire. The full repertoire of MC mediators released by exocytosis is comprehensively compiled here for the first time. The compilation of the data is essentially based on the largely cytokine-focused database COPE®, supplemented with data on the expression of substances in human MCs published in several articles, plus extensive research in the PubMed database. Three hundred and ninety substances could be identified as mediators of human MCs which can be secreted into the extracellular space by activation of the MC. This number might still be an underestimate of the actual number of MC mediators since, in principle, all substances produced by MCs can become mediators because of the possibility of their release by diffusion into the extracellular space, mast cell extracellular traps, and intercellular exchange via nanotubules. When human MCs release mediators in inappropriate manners, this may lead to symptoms in any or all organs/tissues. Thus, such MC activation disorders may clinically present with a myriad of potential combinations of symptoms ranging from trivial to disabling or even life-threatening. The present compilation can be consulted by physicians when trying to gain clarity about MC mediators which may be involved in patients with MC disease symptoms refractory to most therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard J Molderings
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miralda I, Samanas NB, Seo AJ, Foronda JS, Sachen J, Hui Y, Morrison SD, Oskeritzian CA, Piliponsky AM. Siglec-9 is an inhibitory receptor on human mast cells in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:711-724.e14. [PMID: 37100120 PMCID: PMC10524464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cell activation is critical for the development of allergic diseases. Ligation of sialic acid-binding immunoglobin-like lectins (Siglecs), such as Siglec-6, -7, and -8 as well as CD33, have been shown to inhibit mast cell activation. Recent studies showed that human mast cells express Siglec-9, an inhibitory receptor also expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize Siglec-9 expression and function in human mast cells in vitro. METHODS We assessed the expression of Siglec-9 and Siglec-9 ligands on human mast cell lines and human primary mast cells by real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing approach to disrupt the SIGLEC9 gene. We evaluated Siglec-9 inhibitory activity on mast cell function by using native Siglec-9 ligands, glycophorin A (GlycA), and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, a monoclonal antibody against Siglec-9, and coengagement of Siglec-9 with the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). RESULTS Human mast cells express Siglec-9 and Siglec-9 ligands. SIGLEC9 gene disruption resulted in increased expression of activation markers at baseline and increased responsiveness to IgE-dependent and IgE-independent stimulation. Pretreatment with GlycA or high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid followed by IgE-dependent or -independent stimulation had an inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation. Coengagement of Siglec-9 with FcεRI in human mast cells resulted in reduced degranulation, arachidonic acid production, and chemokine release. CONCLUSIONS Siglec-9 and its ligands play an important role in limiting human mast cell activation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Nyssa B Samanas
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Albert J Seo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jake S Foronda
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Josie Sachen
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Yvonne Hui
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
| | - Shane D Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mihele DM, Nistor PA, Bruma G, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Condrat CE, Tovaru M, Tampa M, Georgescu SR. Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Update-A Dermatological Perspective. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1116. [PMID: 37511729 PMCID: PMC10381535 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are infamous for their role in potentially fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In the last two decades, a more complex picture has emerged, as it has become obvious that MCs are much more than just IgE effectors of anaphylaxis. MCs are defenders against a host of infectious and toxic aggressions (their interactions with other components of the immune system are not yet fully understood) and after the insult has ended, MCs continue to play a role in inflammation regulation and tissue repair. Unfortunately, MC involvement in pathology is also significant. Apart from their role in allergies, MCs can proliferate clonally to produce systemic mastocytosis. They have also been implicated in excessive fibrosis, keloid scaring, graft rejection and chronic inflammation, especially at the level of the skin and gut. In recent years, the term MC activation syndrome (MCAS) was proposed to account for symptoms caused by MC activation, and clear diagnostic criteria have been defined. However, not all authors agree with these criteria, as some find them too restrictive, potentially leaving much of the MC-related pathology unaccounted for. Here, we review the current knowledge on the physiological and pathological roles of MCs, with a dermatological emphasis, and discuss the MCAS classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Andrei Nistor
- Internal Medicine Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 169 Independence Blvd, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bruma
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Microbiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Dermatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahlberg E, Al-Kaabawi A, Thune R, Simpson MR, Pedersen SA, Cione E, Jenmalm MC, Tingö L. Breast milk microRNAs: Potential players in oral tolerance development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154211. [PMID: 36999032 PMCID: PMC10045994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is an essential source of nutrition and hydration for the infant. In addition, this highly complex biological fluid contains numerous immunologically active factors such as microorganisms, immunoglobulins, cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we set out to predict the function of the top 10 expressed miRNAs in human breast milk, focusing on their relevance in oral tolerance development and allergy prevention in the infant. The top expressed miRNAs in human breast milk were identified on basis of previous peer-reviewed studies gathered from a recent systematic review and an updated literature search. The miRNAs with the highest expression levels in each study were used to identify the 10 most common miRNAs or miRNA families across studies and these were selected for subsequent target prediction. The predictions were performed using TargetScan in combination with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The ten top expressed miRNAs were: let-7-5p family, miR-148a-3p, miR-30-5p family, miR-200a-3p + miR-141-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-181-5p family, miR-146b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-29-3p family, miR-200b/c-3p and miR-429-3p. The target prediction identified 3,588 potential target genes and 127 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways; several connected to the immune system, including TGF-b and T cell receptor signaling and T-helper cell differentiation. This review highlights the role of breast milk miRNAs and their potential contribution to infant immune maturation. Indeed, breast milk miRNAs seem to be involved in several pathways that influence oral tolerance development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Ahlberg
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Al-Kaabawi
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Thune
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sindre Andre Pedersen
- Library Section for Research Support, Data and Analysis, NTNU University Library, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina Tingö
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Food and Health Programme, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Lina Tingö,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gozalo AS, Zerfas PM, Qin J, Alves DA, Akkaya M, Peña MY, Elkins WR. Contributions of Diet and Age to Ulcerative Dermatitis in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Comp Med 2023; 73:109-119. [PMID: 36882188 PMCID: PMC10162378 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6J (B6) mice are commonly affected by ulcerative dermatitis (UD), a disease of unknown etiology with poor response to treatment. To study the possible role of diet in UD, we compared skin changes in B6 female mice fed a high-fat diet with those of mice fed a control diet. In addition, skin samples from mice with no, mild, moderate, and severe clinical signs of UD were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 mo had more skin mast cell degranulation than did mice fed the control diet for the same period. Regardless of diet, older mice had more skin mast cells and more of these cells were degranulating as compared with younger mice. Microscopic changes in very early lesions were characterized by an increase in dermal mast cells and degranulation with focal areas of epidermal hyperplasia with or without hyperkeratosis. As the condition progressed, a mixed but predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate appeared in the dermis, with or without epidermal erosion and scab formation. TEM showed that dermal mast cell membranes had disrupted and released of large number of electron dense granules, whereas degranulated mast cells were filled with isolated and coalescing empty spaces due to fusion of granule membranes. Ulceration appeared to occur very quickly, probably as result of intense scratching due to the pruritogenic properties of the histamine released from mast cell granules. This study showed a direct correlation between dietary fat and skin mast cell degranulation in female B6 mice. In addition, the number of skin mast cells and degranulation rates was higher in older mice. Treatments directed at preventing mast cell degranulation may result in better outcomes when applied early in UD cases. As noted previously in studies using caloric restriction, lower fat content in rodent diets may help prevent UD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Pathology Service, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derron A Alves
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Munir Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mirna Y Peña
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
| | - William R Elkins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cellular Mechanisms in Acute and Chronic Wounds after PDT Therapy: An Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071624. [PMID: 35884929 PMCID: PMC9313247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PDT is a two-stage treatment that combines light energy with a photosensitizer designed to destroy cancerous and precancerous cells after light activation. Photosensitizers are activated by a specific wavelength of light energy, usually from a laser. The photosensitizer is nontoxic until it is activated by light. However, after light activation, the photosensitizer becomes toxic to the targeted tissue. Among sensitizers, the topical use of ALA, a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX, a precursor of the heme group, and a powerful photosensitizing agent, represents a turning point for PDT in the dermatological field, as it easily absorbable by the skin. Wound healing requires a complex interaction and coordination of different cells and molecules. Any alteration in these highly coordinated events can lead to either delayed or excessive healing. The goal of this review is to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved, upon treatment with ALA-PDT, in chronic wounds, which are often associated with social isolation and high costs in terms of care.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pérez-Pons A, Jara-Acevedo M, Henriques A, Navarro-Navarro P, García-Montero AC, Álvarez-Twose I, Pedreira CE, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Damasceno D, Caldas C, Muñoz-González JI, Matito A, Flores-Montero J, González-López O, Criado I, Mayado A, Orfao A. Altered innate immune profile in blood of systemic mastocytosis patients. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12167. [PMID: 35734269 PMCID: PMC9194602 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MC) from systemic mastocytosis (SM) patients release MC mediators that lead to an altered microenvironment with potential consequences on innate immune cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Here we investigated the distribution and functional behaviour of different populations of blood monocytes and DC among distinct diagnostic subtypes of SM. Methods Overall, we studied 115 SM patients - 45 bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), 61 indolent SM (ISM), 9 aggressive SM (ASM)- and 32 healthy donors (HD). Spontaneous and in vitro-stimulated cytokine production by blood monocytes, and their plasma levels, together with the distribution of different subsets of blood monocytes and DCs, were investigated. Results SM patients showed increased plasma levels and spontaneous production by blood monocytes of IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα and IL10, associated with an exhausted ability of LPS + IFNγ-stimulated blood monocytes to produce IL1β and TGFβ. SM (particularly ISM) patients also showed decreased counts of total monocytes, at the expense of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes. Interestingly, while ISM and ASM patients had decreased numbers of plasmacytoid DC and myeloid DC (and their major subsets) in blood, an expansion of AXL+ DC was specifically encountered in BMM cases. Conclusion These results demonstrate an altered distribution of blood monocytes and DC subsets in SM associated with constitutive activation of functionally impaired blood monocytes and increased plasma levels of a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, reflecting broad activation of the innate immune response in mastocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pérez-Pons
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Ana Henriques
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Paula Navarro-Navarro
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Carlos E Pedreira
- Systems and Computing Department (PESC) COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Laura Sánchez-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Daniela Damasceno
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Carolina Caldas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Javier I Muñoz-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Almudena Matito
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Oscar González-López
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Interplay between Mast Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Immune-Mediated Cholangiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115872. [PMID: 35682552 PMCID: PMC9180565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated cholangiopathies are characterised by the destruction of small and large bile ducts causing bile acid stasis, which leads to subsequent inflammation, fibrosis, and eventual cirrhosis of the liver tissue. A breakdown of peripheral hepatic immune tolerance is a key feature of these diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a major anti-inflammatory immune cell subset, and their quantities and functional capacity are impaired in autoimmune liver diseases. Tregs can undergo phenotypic reprogramming towards pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 profiles. The inflamed hepatic microenvironment influences and can impede normal Treg suppressive functions. Mast cell (MC) infiltration increases during liver inflammation, and active MCs have been shown to be an important source of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus driving pathogenesis. By influencing the microenvironment, MCs can indirectly manipulate Treg functions and inhibit their suppressive and proliferative activity. In addition, direct cell-to-cell interactions have been identified between MCs and Tregs. It is critical to consider the effects of MCs on the inflammatory milieu of the liver and their influence on Treg functions. This review will focus on the roles and crosstalk of Tregs and MCs during autoimmune cholangiopathy pathogenesis progression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Poerwosusanta H, Gunadi G, Gunawan P, Fauzi AR, Budi AS, Poerwosusanta AR, Esmeralda E, Aditia D, Oktavianti IK, Kania N, Noor Z. Mast Cell Essential Roles: Will it be a Novel Tool for Differentiating the Severity of Pediatric Appendicitis? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is an undesirable diagnosis, and the Alvarado score (AS) alone is insufficient in recognizing it. Many novel laboratory indicators, such as leukocytes and mast cells, differentiate.
AIM: Our objective was to demonstrate that mast cells had a greater influence on appendicitis severity than the AS, neutrophils, and platelets.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational research in which 35 individuals with acute appendicitis at our institutions were identified for the appendix grade and allocated to one of two groups: Complicated or non-complicated. The AS and white blood cell count were calculated using the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), thrombocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (TNR), and total leukocyte. Mast cell count and granulation are evaluated using pathological anatomy.
RESULTS: TLR could not distinguish between severe appendicitis and others, but some showed potential. NLR, TNR, total leukocyte, ASs, mast cell count, and degranulation demonstrated good sensitivity-specificity values.
CONCLUSIONS: Mast cells have the potential to become a promising approach for predicting complicated pediatric appendicitis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Qi F, Luo H, Xu G, Wang D. Inflammatory Microenvironment of Skin Wounds. Front Immunol 2022; 13:789274. [PMID: 35300324 PMCID: PMC8920979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.789274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and highly regulated process that can be separated into three overlapping and interdependent phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. This review focuses on the inflammation stage, as it is the key stage of wound healing and plays a vital role in the local immune response and determines the progression of wound healing. Inflammatory cells, the main effector cells of the inflammatory response, have been widely studied, but little attention has been paid to the immunomodulatory effects of wound healing in non-inflammatory cells and the extracellular matrix. In this review, we attempt to deepen our understanding of the wound-healing microenvironment in the inflammatory stage by focusing on the interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as their role in regulating the immune response during the inflammatory stage. We hope our findings will provide new ideas for promoting tissue regeneration through immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sobiepanek A, Kuryk Ł, Garofalo M, Kumar S, Baran J, Musolf P, Siebenhaar F, Fluhr JW, Kobiela T, Plasenzotti R, Kuchler K, Staniszewska M. The Multifaceted Roles of Mast Cells in Immune Homeostasis, Infections and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2249. [PMID: 35216365 PMCID: PMC8875910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play important roles in normal immune responses and pathological states. The location of MCs on the boundaries between tissues and the external environment, including gut mucosal surfaces, lungs, skin, and around blood vessels, suggests a multitude of immunological functions. Thus, MCs are pivotal for host defense against different antigens, including allergens and microbial pathogens. MCs can produce and respond to physiological mediators and chemokines to modulate inflammation. As long-lived, tissue-resident cells, MCs indeed mediate acute inflammatory responses such as those evident in allergic reactions. Furthermore, MCs participate in innate and adaptive immune responses to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The control of MC activation or stabilization is a powerful tool in regulating tissue homeostasis and pathogen clearance. Moreover, MCs contribute to maintaining the homeostatic equilibrium between host and resident microbiota, and they engage in crosstalk between the resident and recruited hematopoietic cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of MCs in health and disease. Further, we discuss how mouse models of MC deficiency have become useful tools for establishing MCs as a potential cellular target for treating inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobiepanek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kuryk
- National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Institute of Research, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Lars Sonckin kaari 14, 02600 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Lars Sonckin kaari 14, 02600 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Joanna Baran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Paulina Musolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.W.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Wilhelm Fluhr
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.S.); (J.W.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (J.B.); (P.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li R, Chen S, Gu X, An S, Wang Z. Role of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4a in mast cells in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1198-1207. [PMID: 35317226 PMCID: PMC8907967 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of mast cells (MCs) and mediator release are closely related to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the exact underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. The nuclear receptor subfamily 4a (Nr4a) is a family of orphan nuclear receptors implicated in regulating MC activation, degranulation, cytokine/chemokine synthesis and release. Acute and chronic stress trigger hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal axis (HPA) activation to induce the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), resulting in MC activation and induction of the Nr4a family. Our newest data showed that Nr4a members were specially over-expressed in colonic MCs of the chronic water-avoidance stress (WAS)-induced visceral hyperalgesia mice, suggesting that Nr4a members might be involved in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge on roles of Nr4a members in the activation of MCs and the pathophysiology of IBS, and discuss signaling pathways that modulate the activation of Nr4a family members. We propose that a better understanding of Nr4a members and their modulators may facilitate the development of more selective and effective therapies to treat IBS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhong An
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
M1 Polarized Macrophages Persist in Skin of Post-Bariatric Patients after 2 Years. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:287-296. [PMID: 34750657 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered a condition of systemic chronic inflammation. Under this condition, adipose tissue macrophages switch from an M2 (anti-inflammatory) activation pattern to an M1 (proinflammatory) activation pattern. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to verify the profile of skin macrophage activation after bariatric surgery as well as the role of MMP-1 in extracellular tissue remodeling. METHODS This is a prospective, controlled and comparative study with 20 individuals split into two groups according to their skin condition: post-bariatric and eutrophic patients. Histological and morphometric analyses based on hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red (collagen), orcein (elastic fiber systems), and alcian blue (mast cells)-stained sections and immunohistochemical analysis (CD68, iNOS, and mannose receptor) for macrophages and metalloproteinase-1 were performed. RESULTS Post-bariatric skin showed an increase in inflammation, angiogenesis, CD68, M1 macrophages (P< 0.001), and mast cells (P< 0.01); a decrease in M2 macrophages (P< 0.01); and a significant decrease in the collagen fiber network (P< 0.001). MMP-1 was increased in the papillary dermis of post-bariatric skin and decreased in the epidermis compared to eutrophic skin (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that post-bariatric skin maintains inflammatory characteristics for two years. Mast cells and M1 macrophages maintain and enhance the remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix initiated during obesity in part due to the presence of MMP-1 in the papillary dermis. EBM LEVEL IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
|
20
|
Hermans MAW, Heeringa JJ, Swagemakers SGA, Schrijver B, van Daele PLA, van der Spek PJ, van Hagen PM, van Zelm MC, Dik WA. Altered leukocyte subsets and immune proteome indicate pro-inflammatory mechanisms in mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:146-156.e10. [PMID: 35026208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is characterized by pathological accumulation of mast cells. The mechanism behind its phenotypic heterogeneity is not well understood. Interaction of mast cells with other immune cells might cause systemic inflammation and thereby associated symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate peripheral leukocyte compartments and serum immune proteome in ISM. METHODS Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotyping using flowcytometry in a cohort of 18 adults with ISM and 12 healthy controls. Targeted proteomics was performed to measure 169 proteins associated with inflammation on serum of another 20 ISM patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Proportions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and monocytes were significantly decreased while T-helper 2 cells were increased in peripheral blood of ISM patients. Furthermore, a shift from naïve to memory T-cells was observed. Hierarchical clustering of the serum proteome revealed two distinct subgroups within ISM patients. In subgroup A (n=8), 62 proteins were significantly overexpressed, whereas subgroup B (n=12) was comparable to healthy controls. Patients in subgroup A displayed upregulated signaling pathways downstream of Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-α and interferon-γFatigue was more often present in subgroup A compared to B (75% vs. 33% respectively, p 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Altered distribution of leukocyte subsets and a pro-inflammatory proteome were observed in subsequent two cohorts of ISM patients. We hypothesize that neoplastic mast cells recruit and activate pDC, monocytes and T-cells leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATION Characterization of inflammatory mechanisms in ISM might uncover additional targets for treatment, in particular for constitutional symptoms such as fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A W Hermans
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J J Heeringa
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S G A Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Schrijver
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W A Dik
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Woźniak E, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W. Psychological Stress, Mast Cells, and Psoriasis-Is There Any Relationship? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413252. [PMID: 34948049 PMCID: PMC8705845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disease with still unknown pathogenesis. In recent years, genetic and environmental factors have been mentioned as the main causes. Among environmental factors, many researchers are trying to investigate the role of mental health and its importance in the development of many diseases. In the pathophysiology of psoriasis, the role of the interaction between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems are often emphasized. So far, no one has clearly indicated where the pathological process begins. One of the hypotheses is that chronic stress influences the formation of hormonal changes (lowering the systemic cortisol level), which favors the processes of autoimmunity. In inflammatory skin conditions, mast cells (MCs) are localized close to blood vessels and peripheral nerves, where they probably play an important role in the response to environmental stimuli and emotional stress. They are usually connected with a fast immune response, not only in allergies but also a protective response to microbial antigens. Among many cells of the immune system, MCs have receptors for the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on their surface. In this review, we will try to take a closer look at the role of MCs in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This knowledge may give the opportunity to search for therapeutic solutions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Noto CN, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ. Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752350. [PMID: 34712668 PMCID: PMC8546116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111500. [PMID: 34829729 PMCID: PMC8614912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aerobic Exercise-Assisted Cardiac Regeneration by Inhibiting Tryptase Release in Mast Cells after Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5521564. [PMID: 34212030 PMCID: PMC8205576 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes critically to the mortality, morbidity, and economic problem of illness globally. Exercise is a share of everyone's life. Some evidence-based studies have frequently shown a progressive correlation between physical activity and good health. Objective The effects of daily exercise on cardiomyocyte size, collagen content (fibrosis), and releasing mast cells (MCsʼ) tryptase of the model of myocardial infarction (MI) were assessed. Methods 40 rats were coincidentally spread into sham+inertia (control), sham+exercise, infarction+inertia, and infarction+exercise groups. An experimental model of acute MI was induced in infarction groups. One week after surgery, exercising groups were allowed to an aerobic exercise program for six weeks. At the endpoint of the study, all examinations were performed. Results We found lesser fibrosis in sham+exercise and infarction+exercise groups compared to sham+inertia and infarction+inertia groups, respectively (p = 0.023, p = 0.001). Also, infarction groups were significantly lower than sham groups (p < 0.05) and the infarction+exercise group was significantly lower than the infarction+inertia group (p < 0.05). The effect of exercise on MCs while increased MC density and degranulation occur at the site of fibrosis, we demonstrated that exercise decreases both total MC density and degranulation in both sham and infarction groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry examinations were significantly higher expression of MCsʼ tryptase in infarction groups than sham groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Exercise improves fibrosis and cardiac function in both healthy and MI rats by inhibiting released MCsʼ tryptase.
Collapse
|
26
|
Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Bini EI, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Espitia-Pinzón CI, Huerta-Yepez S, Bulfone-Paus S, Hernández-Pando R. Differential mast cell numbers and characteristics in human tuberculosis pulmonary lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10687. [PMID: 34021178 PMCID: PMC8140073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health threat and primarily a lung disease. The innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is orchestrated by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and apparently mast cells (MCs). MCs are located at mucosal sites including the lungs and contribute in host-defence against pathogens, but little is known about their role during Mtb infection. This study investigates the location and characteristics of MCs in TB lesions to assess their contribution to TB pathology. To this purpose, number, location and phenotype of MCs was studied in 11 necropsies of pulmonary TB and 3 necropsies of non-TB infected lungs that were used as controls. MCs were localised at pneumonic areas, in the granuloma periphery and particularly abundant in fibrotic tissue. Furthermore, MCs displayed intracellular Mtb and IL-17A and TGF-β immunostaining. These findings were validated by analysing, post-mortem lung tissue microarrays from 44 individuals with pulmonary TB and 25 control subjects. In affected lungs, increased numbers of MCs expressing intracellularly both tryptase and chymase were found at fibrotic sites. Altogether, our data suggest that MCs are recruited at the inflammatory site and that actively produce immune mediators such as proteases and TGF-β that may be contributing to late fibrosis in TB lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Magdalena Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón
- Departamento de Inmunologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mast cells modulate early responses to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin by phagocytosis and formation of extracellular traps. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104380. [PMID: 34049012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The early interactions between the vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and host peripheral innate immune cells like Mast cells (MCs) may pave the way for generating appropriate protective innate and adaptive immune responses. Mice on administration of BCG by intratracheal instillation showed a massive increase in MC numbers in the infected lung. In vitro co-culture of BCG and rodent Rat Basophilic Leukaemia (RBL-2H3) MCs led to significant killing of BCG. RBL-2H3 MCs were able to phagocytose BCG, take up BCG-derived antigens by macropinocytosis, generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and degranulate. Further, a few MCs died and released MC extracellular traps (MCETs) having DNA, histones and tryptase to trap BCG. This study highlights the multi-pronged effector responses of MCs on encountering BCG. These responses or their evasion may lead to success or failure of BCG vaccine to provide long term immunity to infections.
Collapse
|
28
|
Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Murphy-Schafer AR, Paust S. Divergent Mast Cell Responses Modulate Antiviral Immunity During Influenza Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:580679. [PMID: 33680987 PMCID: PMC7935524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.580679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that infects millions of people each year. Both seasonal and pandemic strains of IAV are capable of causing severe respiratory disease with a high risk of respiratory failure and opportunistic secondary infection. A strong inflammatory cytokine response is a hallmark of severe IAV infection. The widespread tissue damage and edema in the lung during severe influenza is largely attributed to an overexuberant production of inflammatory cytokines and cell killing by resident and infiltrating leukocytes. Mast cells (MCs) are a sentinel hematopoietic cell type situated at mucosal sites, including the lung. Poised to react immediately upon detecting infection, MCs produce a vast array of immune modulating molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. As such, MCs have been implicated as a source of the immunopathology observed in severe influenza. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that MCs play an essential role not only in inducing an inflammatory response but in suppressing inflammation as well. MC-derived immune suppressive cytokines are essential to the resolution of a number of viral infections and other immune insults. Absence of MCs prolongs infection, exacerbates tissue damage, and contributes to dissemination of the pathogen to other tissues. Production of cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-6 by MCs is essential for mitigating the inflammation and tissue damage caused by innate and adaptive immune cells alike. The two opposing functions of MCs—one pro-inflammatory and one anti-inflammatory—distinguish MCs as master regulators of immunity at the site of infection. Amongst the first cells to respond to infection or injury, MCs persist for the duration of the infection, modulating the recruitment, activation, and eventual suppression of other immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the immune modulatory roles of MCs over the course of viral infection and propose that the immune suppressive mediators produced by MCs are vital to minimizing immunopathology during influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Murphy-Schafer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mast Cell Functions Linking Innate Sensing to Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122538. [PMID: 33255519 PMCID: PMC7761480 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mast cells (MCs) are known as key drivers of type I allergic reactions, there is increasing evidence for their critical role in host defense. MCs not only play an important role in initiating innate immune responses, but also influence the onset, kinetics, and amplitude of the adaptive arm of immunity or fine-tune the mode of the adaptive reaction. Intriguingly, MCs have been shown to affect T-cell activation by direct interaction or indirectly, by modifying the properties of antigen-presenting cells, and can even modulate lymph node-borne adaptive responses remotely from the periphery. In this review, we provide a summary of recent findings that explain how MCs act as a link between the innate and adaptive immunity, all the way from sensing inflammatory insult to orchestrating the final outcome of the immune response.
Collapse
|
32
|
Angelini DF, De Angelis F, Vacca V, Piras E, Parisi C, Nutini M, Spalloni A, Pagano F, Longone P, Battistini L, Pavone F, Marinelli S. Very Early Involvement of Innate Immunity in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration in SOD1-G93A Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575792. [PMID: 33329541 PMCID: PMC7714949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that immune system has a role in the progression and prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but the identification of a clear mechanism and immune players remains to be elucidated. Here, we have investigated, in 30 and 60 days (presymptomatic) and 120 days (symptomatic) old SOD1-G93A mice, systemic, peripheral, and central innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory response, correlating it with the progression of the neurodegeneration in neuromuscular junction, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord. Surprisingly, we found a very initial (45-60 days) presence of IgG in sciatic nerves together with a gradual enhancement of A20/TNFAIP3 (protein controlling NF-κB signalling) and a concomitantly significant increase and activation of circulating mast cells (MCs) as well as MCs and macrophages in sciatic nerve and an enhancement of IL-6 and IL-10. This immunological frame coincided with a myelin aggregation. The 30-60 days old SOD1-G93A mice didn't show real elements of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in spinal cord. In 120 days old mice macrophages and monocytes are widely diffused in sciatic nerves, peripheral neurodegeneration reaches the tip, high circulating levels of TNFα and IL-2 were found and spinal cord exhibits clear signs of neural damage and infiltrating immune cells. Our results underpin a clear immunological disorder at the origin of ALS axonopathy, in which MCs are involved in the initiation and sustaining of inflammatory events. These data cannot be considered a mere epiphenomenon of motor neuron degeneration and reveal new potential selective immune targets in ALS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica De Angelis
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vacca
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parisi
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Nutini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alida Spalloni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pavone
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Marinelli
- CNR—National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dong J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Jayaswal N, Mezghani I, Zhang W, Veves A. Mast Cells in Diabetes and Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Ther 2020; 37:4519-4537. [PMID: 32935286 PMCID: PMC7547971 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are granulated, immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in connective tissues. Apart from their classical role in allergies, MCs also mediate various inflammatory responses due to the nature of their secretory products. They are involved in important physiological and pathophysiological responses related to inflammation, chronic wounds, and autoimmune diseases. There are also indications that MCs are associated with diabetes and its complications. MCs and MC-derived mediators participate in all wound healing stages and are involved in the pathogenesis of non-healing, chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). More specifically, recent work has shown increased degranulation of skin MCs in human diabetes and diabetic mice, which is associated with impaired wound healing. Furthermore, MC stabilization, either systemic or local at the skin level, improves wound healing in diabetic mice. Understanding the precise role of MCs in wound progression and healing processes can be of critical importance as it can lead to the development of new targeted therapies for diabetic foot ulceration, one of the most devastating complications of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lihong Chen
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Navin Jayaswal
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ikram Mezghani
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- LanZhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu WX, Chen Y, Liu DG, Yu GY. Eosinophilic Sialodochitis: A Type of Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Related to Allergy. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E800-E806. [PMID: 32621541 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical, laboratory, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features, and the expression of allergy-related cytokines in eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES). METHODS Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) who had undergone glandular excision or incisional biopsy were enrolled. Seventeen patients with comorbid atopic disease and increased ductal tissue eosinophils comprised the ES group, while 21 patients comprised the COS group. The clinicopathological features and allergy-related cytokine expression were compared between groups. RESULTS The ES group frequently involved multiple, bilateral major salivary glands, and the number of glands was significantly greater than the COS group (2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, P < .001). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E was elevated in 91% of patients in ES group (419 ± 357 kU/L) and peripheral blood eosinophil was significantly greater compared with the COS group (7.6% ± 4.6% vs. 2.5% ± 1.4%, P < .001). Histologically, eosinophil infiltration in ES group was observed around the main and interlobular ducts (50 ± 39/high power field [HPF]). Follicular hyperplasia (76%), epithelial mucous metaplasia (82%), and mucus plugs with eosinophils (41%) were observed. IgE-positive cell count was 20.7 ± 18.3/HPF and tryptase-positive mast cell count was 23.5 ± 15.1/HPF, which was significantly greater than the respective cell counts in COS group, which mainly infiltrated around the ducts. The levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and eotaxin in tissue were significantly greater in ES than the COS group. CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathological characteristics of ES are significantly different from COS and ES might have an allergy-related pathogenesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E800-E806, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Deng-Gao Liu
- Department of Oral Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pal S, Nath S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Emerging Roles of Mast Cells in the Regulation of Lymphatic Immuno-Physiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32625213 PMCID: PMC7311670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant in almost all vascularized tissues. Furthermore, their anatomical proximity to lymphatic vessels and their ability to synthesize, store and release a large array of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators emphasize their significance in the regulation of the lymphatic vascular functions. As a major secretory cell of the innate immune system, MCs maintain their steady-state granule release under normal physiological conditions; however, the inflammatory response potentiates their ability to synthesize and secrete these mediators. Activation of MCs in response to inflammatory signals can trigger adaptive immune responses by dendritic cell-directed T cell activation. In addition, through the secretion of various mediators, cytokines and growth factors, MCs not only facilitate interaction and migration of immune cells, but also influence lymphatic permeability, contractility, and vascular remodeling as well as immune cell trafficking through the lymphatic vessels. In summary, the consequences of these events directly affect the lymphatic niche, influencing inflammation at multiple levels. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in our understanding of the MC biology in the context of the lymphatic vascular system. We have further highlighted the MC-lymphatic interaction axis from the standpoint of the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32508809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elieh Ali Komi D, Wöhrl S, Bielory L. Mast Cell Biology at Molecular Level: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:342-365. [PMID: 31828527 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are portions of the innate and adaptive immune system derived from bone marrow (BM) progenitors that are rich in cytoplasmic granules. MC maturation, phenotype, and function are determined by their microenvironment. MCs accumulate at inflammatory sites associated with atopy, wound healing, and malignancies. They interact with the external environment and are predominantly located in close proximity of blood vessels and sensory nerves. MCs are key initiators and modulators of allergic, anaphylactic, and other inflammatory reactions, by induction of vasodilation, promoting of vascular permeability, recruitment of inflammatory cells, facilitation of adaptive immune responses, and modulation of angiogenesis, and fibrosis. They express a wide range of receptors, e.g., for IgE (FcεRI), IgG (FcγR), stem cell factor (SCF) (KIT receptor or CD117), complement (including C5aR), and cytokines, that upon activation trigger various signaling pathways. The final consequence of such ligand receptor-based activation of MCs is the release of a broad array of mediators which are classified in three categories. While some mediators are preformed and remain stored in granules such as heparin, histamine, and enzymes mainly chymase and tryptase, others are de novo synthesized only after activation including LTB4, LTD4, PDG2, and PAF, and the cytokines IL-10, IL-8, IL-5, IL-3, IL-1, GM-CSF, TGF-β, VEGF, and TNF-α. Depending on the stimulus, MCs calibrate their pattern of mediator release, modulate the amplification of allergic inflammation, and are involved in the resolution of the immune responses. Here, we review recent findings and reports that help to understand the MC biology, pathology, and physiology of diseases with MC involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ), Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard Bielory
- Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, 400 Mountain Avenue, Springfield, NJ, 07081-2515, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson Universi ty Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Rutgers University Center of Environmental Prediction, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:783. [PMID: 32508809 PMCID: PMC7249937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Bahri R, Sattentau C, Roberts IS, Goenka A, Bulfone-Paus S. Human mast cells exhibit an individualized pattern of antimicrobial responses. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:198-210. [PMID: 32222064 PMCID: PMC7212193 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mast cells (MCs) are tissue‐resident immune cells implicated in antibacterial responses. These include chemokine secretion, degranulation, and the release of mast cell‐extracellular traps, which are primarily dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our study investigated whether human mast cells (hMCs) develop individual response patterns to bacteria located at different tissue sites: Escherichia coli (gut commensal), Listeria monocytogenes (foodborne intracellular pathogen), Staphylococcus aureus (skin commensal and opportunistic pathogen), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (upper respiratory tract commensal and lung pathogen). Methods After live bacteria exposure, hMCs were analyzed by a combined flow cytometry assay for degranulation, ROS production, DNA externalization, and for β‐hexosaminidase, chemokine, and prostaglandin release. Results L. monocytogenes induced hMC degranulation, IL‐8 and MCP‐1 release coupled with DNA externalization in a novel hMC ROS independent manner. In contrast, S. pneumoniae caused ROS production without DNA release and degranulation. E. coli induced low levels of hMC degranulation combined with interleukin 8 and MCP‐1 secretion and in the absence of ROS and DNA externalization. Finally, S. aureus induced hMCs prostaglandin D2 release and DNA release selectively. Our findings demonstrate a novel hMC phenomenon of DNA externalization independent of ROS production. We also showed that ROS production, degranulation, DNA externalization, and mediator secretion occur as independent immune reactions in hMCs upon bacterial encounter and that hMCs contribute to bacterial clearance. Conclusions Thus, hMCs exhibit a highly individualized pattern of immune response possibly to meet tissue requirements and regulate bacteria coexistence vs defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Garcia-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clara Sattentau
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian S Roberts
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anu Goenka
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Min HK, Kim KW, Lee SH, Kim HR. Roles of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:12-24. [PMID: 31722515 PMCID: PMC6960056 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, and the complex interaction and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in RA pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the tissue-resident innate immune cells, and they contribute to RA pathogenesis. In the present review, the evidence of the pathologic role of MC in RA is discussed based on human and animal data. In addition, the potential role of MC in RA pathogenesis and the research area that should be focused on in the future are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hae-Rim Kim, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea Tel: +82-2-2030-7542, Fax: +82-2-2030-7728, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joo HM, Hong EH, Cho SJ, Nam SY, Kim JY. Preventative and Therapeutic Effects of Low-dose Ionizing Radiation on the Allergic Response of Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16079. [PMID: 31695078 PMCID: PMC6834612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies has increased over the last four decades. In allergic reactions, mast cells induce a hypersensitive immune response to a substance that is normally harmless. Ionizing radiation has different biological effects depending on the dose and dose rate. In this study, we investigated whether low-dose irradiation before (preventative effect) or after (therapeutic effect) an antigen-antibody reaction has an anti-allergic effect. To test this, we activated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE (antibody) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl human serum albumin, which served as an antigen. To test for both the potential of a preventative effect and a therapeutic effect, we irradiated mast cells both before and after mast cell activation, and we measured mediator release and signaling pathway activity. Low-dose ionizing radiation suppressed mediator release from RBL-2H3 mast cells activated by the antigen-antibody reaction regardless of when the mast cells were irradiated. These results were due to the suppression of FcεRI expression. Therefore, we suggest that low-dose ionizing radiation has a preventative and therapeutic effect in allergic reactions via the FcεRI-mediated RBL-2H3 mast cell activation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Mi Joo
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Hong
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ma P, Che D, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Li C, An H, Zhang T, He H. Magnolin inhibits IgE/Ag-induced allergy in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105867. [PMID: 31520994 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in allergic reactions and modulating the activation of MCs could be an effective strategy to treat allergic diseases, which cause a rapidly increasing threat to the public health. Herein, we described that Magnolin, a major component from Flos magnoliae could inhibit IgE-dependent MCs activation. We found Magnolin inhibited IgE/Ag-induced calcium mobilization, degranulation, and cytokines release in LAD2 cells. Magnolin was also found to attenuate IgE/Ag-induced mice paw swelling in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic studies suggested a possible anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of Magnolin in IgE/Ag-induced anaphylactic reactions. Thereby, Magnolin could be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing mast cell-related immediate and delayed allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Delu Che
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chaomei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongli An
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy: Role of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:13-27. [PMID: 31362073 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are constantly evolving to reduce neoantigen generation and the mutational burden to escape the anti-tumor response. This will lower tumor reactivity to the adaptive immune response and give rise to tumor intrinsic factors, such as altered expression of immune regulatory molecules on tumor cells. Tumor-extrinsic factors, such as immunosuppressive cells, soluble suppressive molecules or inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells will alter the composition and activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (by increasing T regulatory cells:T effector cells ratio and inhibiting T effector cell function) and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Together, these factors limit the response rates and clinical outcomes to a particular cancer therapy. Within the TME, the cross-talks between immune and non-immune cells result in the generation of positive feedback loops, which augment immunosuppression and support tumor growth and survival (termed as tumor-mediated immunosuppression). Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT), have shown therapeutic efficacy in hematologic cancers and different types of solid tumors. However, achieving durable response rates in some cancer patients remains a challenge as a result of acquired resistance and tumor immune evasion. This could be driven by the cellular and molecular suppressive network within the TME or due to the loss of tumor antigens. In this review, we describe the contribution of the immunosuppressive cellular and molecular tumor network to the development of acquired resistance against cancer immunotherapies. We also discuss potential combined therapeutic strategies which could help to overcome such resistance against cancer immunotherapies, and to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve clinical outcomes in patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kulinski JM, Eisch R, Young ML, Rampertaap S, Stoddard J, Monsale J, Romito K, Lyons JJ, Rosenzweig SD, Metcalfe DD, Komarow HD. Skewed Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Associated Phenotypes in Patients with Mastocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:292-301.e2. [PMID: 31319217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis is a clonal mast cell disorder associated with elevated mast cell mediators, which themselves have been reported to affect lymphocyte function. However, the impact of an expanded mast cell compartment on lymphocyte subpopulations, and their correlation with clinical phenotypes in patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM), has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To examine the immunophenotype of circulating lymphocytes in patients with ISM compared with healthy adult controls and examine relationships with aspects of clinical disease. METHODS We examined lymphocyte subsets in 20 adult patients with ISM and 40 healthy adult volunteers by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results were correlated with clinical characteristics. RESULTS Patients with ISM exhibited a significantly lower median frequency and absolute cell count of both circulating CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells accompanying a significantly increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells when compared with healthy volunteers. Stratification of our ISM patient cohort according to clinical manifestations revealed that CD19+CD21lowCD38low B cells were significantly higher in patients with a history of autoimmune disease and counts of terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. CONCLUSIONS Several circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with ISM were significantly different when compared with healthy controls; in specific lymphocyte subsets, this lymphocyte skewing correlated with clinical observations including osteoporosis and autoimmune disease. These data suggest the need for further studies on abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets and the attendant clinical consequences in both mast cell proliferative and activation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kulinski
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Robin Eisch
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael L Young
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Md
| | - Shakuntala Rampertaap
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Joseph Monsale
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kimberly Romito
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hirsh D Komarow
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Coeliac Disease and Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143400. [PMID: 31373285 PMCID: PMC6678566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there has been an impressive progress in our understanding of coeliac disease pathogenesis and it has become clear that the disorder is the final result of complex interactions of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors. Coeliac disease is now considered a prototype of T-cell-mediated disease characterized by loss of tolerance to dietary gluten and the targeted killing of enterocytes by T-cell receptor αβ intraepithelial lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence, however, indicates that the induction of a gluten-specific T helper-1 response must be preceded by the activation of the innate immune system. Mast cells are key players of the innate immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Here, we review the results of studies aimed at investigating the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, showing that these cells increase in number during the progression of the disease and contribute to define a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Koyuncu Irmak D, Kilinc E, Tore F. Shared Fate of Meningeal Mast Cells and Sensory Neurons in Migraine. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31024263 PMCID: PMC6460506 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a primary headache disorder which has complex neurogenic pathophysiological mechanisms still requiring full elucidation. The sensory nerves and meningeal mast cell couplings in the migraine target tissue are very effective interfaces between the central nervous system and the immune system. These couplings fall into three categories: intimacy, cross-talk and a shared fate. Acting as the immediate call-center of the neuroimmune system, mast cells play fundamental roles in migraine pathophysiology. Considerable evidence shows that neuroinflammation in the meninges is the key element resulting in the sensitization of trigeminal nociceptors. The successive events such as neuropeptide release, vasodilation, plasma protein extravasation, and mast cell degranulation that form the basic characteristics of the inflammation are believed to occur in this persistent pain state. In this regard, mast cells and sensory neurons represent both the target and source of the neuropeptides that play autocrine, paracrine, and neuro-endocrine roles during this inflammatory process. This review intends to contribute to a better understanding of the meningeal mast cell and sensory neuron bi-directional interactions from molecular, cellular, functional points of view. Considering the fact that mast cells play a sine qua non role in expanding the opportunities for targeted new migraine therapies, it is of crucial importance to explore these multi-faceted interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Koyuncu Irmak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kilinc
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tore
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mohajeri M, Kovanen PT, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A. Mast cell tryptase - Marker and maker of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:91-110. [PMID: 30877022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells, which have been proposed to participate in various inflammatory diseases, among them the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). For mast cells to be able to contribute to an inflammatory process, they need to be activated to exocytose their cytoplasmic secretory granules. The granules contain a vast array of highly bioactive effector molecules, the neutral protease tryptase being the most abundant protein among them. The released tryptase may act locally in the inflamed cardiac or vascular tissue, so contributing directly to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Moreover, a fraction of the released tryptase reaches the systemic circulation, thereby serving as a biomarker of mast cell activation. Actually, increased levels of circulating tryptase have been found to associate with CVDs. Here we review the biological relevance of the circulating tryptase as a biomarker of mast cell activity in CVDs, with special emphasis on the relationship between activation of mast cells in their tissue microenvironments and the pathophysiological pathways of CVDs. Based on the available in vitro and in vivo studies, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms by which tryptase may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Finally, the synthetic and natural inhibitors of tryptase are reviewed for their potential utility as therapeutic agents in CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Arias Á, Lucendo AJ. Molecular basis and cellular mechanisms of eosinophilic esophagitis for the clinical practice. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:99-117. [PMID: 30791784 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1546120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, allergen-driven inflammatory esophageal disease characterized by predominantly eosinophilic inflammation leading to esophageal dysfunction. Recent efforts to understand EoE have increased our knowledge of the disease. Areas covered: Multiple cells, molecules, and genes interplay with early life environmental factors in the pathophysiology of EoE to converge in the esophageal epithelium at the center of disease pathogenesis. Epithelial cells constitute a mayor cytokine source for TSLP and Calpain-14; an impaired epithelial barrier function allowing penetration of food and microbiota-derived antigens is involved in triggering and maintaining inflammation. Eosinophil and mast cell-derived products, including TGFβ, together with IL-1β and TNFα, promote epithelial mesenchymal transition in EoE, contributing to tissue remodeling by synthetizing and depositing extracellular matrix in subepithelial layers. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art update on the pathophysiology of EoE applied to clinical practice, and latest research and developments with potential interest to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with EoE are revised. Expert commentary: Preliminary approaches have provided promising results toward incorporating minimally invasive methods for patient diagnosis and monitoring in clinical practice. Early diagnosis and optimized therapies will allow for personalized medicine in EoE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Arias
- a Research Unit , Hospital General La Mancha Centro , Alcázar de San Juan , Spain.,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Gastroenterology , Hospital General de Tomelloso , Ciudad Real , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamada K, Mizushima I, Kawano M. New insights into the pathophysiology of IgG4-related disease and markers of disease activity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 15:231-239. [PMID: 30557078 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1560268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) has become a well-recognized clinical entity, although its causes are still not well understood. The pathophysiology of IgG4-RD has been reported from a variety of aspects. Areas covered: In this review, we outline a number of recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD, divided according to acquired immunology and innate immunology and other topics. Furthermore, we also focus on some proposed markers of disease activity of IgG4-RD. Expert commentary: One striking advance made recently is the identification of novel autoantigens of IgG4-RD. At the onset of IgG4-RD, various T cell side factors such as Tfh, Th2 cells are at work, in addition to B cell side factors like plasmablasts and plasma cells, and innate immunology via TLR and M2 macrophages. The efficacy of B cell depletion therapy using rituximab has been reported, with the establishment of steroid-sparing therapies targeting other molecules also anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yamada
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa , Japan.,b Department of Advanced Research in Community Medicine , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Ichiro Mizushima
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mast cells as protectors of health. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 144:S4-S18. [PMID: 30468774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are well known for their effector functions in TH2-skewed allergic and also autoimmune inflammation, have become increasingly acknowledged for their role in protection of health. It is now clear that they are also key modulators of immune responses at interface organs, such as the skin or gut. MCs can prime tissues for adequate inflammatory responses and cooperate with dendritic cells in T-cell activation. They also regulate harmful immune responses in trauma and help to successfully orchestrate pregnancy. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of MCs on tissue homeostasis and elimination of toxins or venoms. MCs can enhance pathogen clearance in many bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, such as through Toll-like receptor 2-triggered degranulation, secretion of antimicrobial cathelicidins, neutrophil recruitment, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. The role of MCs in tumors is more ambiguous; however, encouraging new findings show they can change the tumor microenvironment toward antitumor immunity when adequately triggered. Uterine tissue remodeling by α-chymase (mast cell protease [MCP] 5) is crucial for successful embryo implantation. MCP-4 and the tryptase MCP-6 emerge to be protective in central nervous system trauma by reducing inflammatory damage and excessive scar formation, thereby protecting axon growth. Last but not least, proteases, such as carboxypeptidase A, released by FcεRI-activated MCs detoxify an increasing number of venoms and endogenous toxins. A better understanding of the plasticity of MCs will help improve these advantageous effects and hint at ways to cut down detrimental MC actions.
Collapse
|