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Voicu V, Brehar FM, Toader C, Covache-Busuioc RA, Corlatescu AD, Bordeianu A, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Glavan LA, Ciurea AV. Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Multifaceted Exploration of Types, Therapeutic Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1388. [PMID: 37759788 PMCID: PMC10526757 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we embark on a thorough exploration of cannabinoids, compounds that have garnered considerable attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Initially, this article delves into the fundamental background of cannabinoids, emphasizing the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the human body and outlining their significance in studying neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Building on this foundation, this article categorizes cannabinoids into three main types: phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids), endocannabinoids (naturally occurring in the body), and synthetic cannabinoids (laboratory-produced cannabinoids). The intricate mechanisms through which these compounds interact with cannabinoid receptors and signaling pathways are elucidated. A comprehensive overview of cannabinoid pharmacology follows, highlighting their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their potential benefits in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. The potential antitumor properties of cannabinoids are also investigated, exploring their potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects. Clinical aspects are thoroughly discussed, from the viability of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents to current clinical trials, safety considerations, and the adverse effects observed. This review culminates in a discussion of promising future research avenues and the broader implications for cannabinoid-based therapies, concluding with a reflection on the immense potential of cannabinoids in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Voicu
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Psychopharmacology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Medical Section within the Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felix-Mircea Brehar
- Neurosurgery Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Andrei Bordeianu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (A.D.C.); (A.B.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (L.-A.G.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Davuluri GVN, Chan CH. Regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic pathways in tumour-associated macrophages. FEBS J 2023; 290:3040-3058. [PMID: 35486022 PMCID: PMC10711806 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly plastic and are broadly grouped into two major functional states, namely the pro-inflammatory M1-type and the pro-tumoural M2-type. Conversion of the functional states of TAMs is regulated by various cytokines, chemokines growth factors and other secreted factors in the microenvironment. Dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolism governs the TAM differentiation and functional conversation in support of tumour growth and metastasis. Aside from the altered metabolism reprogramming in TAMs, extracellular metabolites secreted by cancer, stromal and/or other cells within the tumour microenvironment have been found to regulate TAMs through passive competition for metabolite availability and direct regulation via receptor/transporter-mediated signalling reaction. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of different metabolites and metabolic pathways in TAM conversion and function. We also discuss if the dysregulated metabolism in TAMs can be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Hsin Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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3
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Yuan P, Liu L, Aipire A, Zhao Y, Cai S, Wu L, Yang X, Aimaier A, Lu J, Li J. Evaluation and mechanism of immune enhancement effects of Pleurotus ferulae polysaccharides-gold nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1015-1026. [PMID: 36460244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Pleurotus ferulae polysaccharide (PFPS) promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation through the TLR4 signaling pathway. To improve PFPS activity and bioavailability, gold nanoparticles with PFPS (PFPS-Au NPs) were synthesized. Of note, although the polysaccharide content of PFPS-Au NPs was only one tenth of PFPS, PFPS-Au NPs enhanced the immunostimulatory activities of PFPS in the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) by TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways, evidenced by stronger activation of the down-stream MAPK and NF-κB pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. More importantly, PFPS-Au NPs enhanced DC migration and murine immunity, particularly in type 1 T-helper cell responses. Moreover, the half-life of PFPS-Au NPs (2.217 ± 0.187 h) was longer than that of PFPS (1.39 ± 0.257 h) in the blood and the distribution of PFPS-Au NPs (19.8 %) in the spleen was significantly increased compared with PFPS (13.3 %), indicating the improved bioavailability in vivo. PFPS-Au NPs as an adjuvant promoted antigen-specific cellular immune responses to an HPV DC-based vaccine, which significantly inhibited the growth of TC-1 tumors in mice. All results suggest that the prepared Au NPs could enhance PFPS-immunostimulatory activity, which will pave the way for PFPS-Au NPs to be applied in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yuan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Litong Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Linjia Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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Saleh DM, Luo S, Ahmed OHM, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Gunasekaran S, El-Gazzar AM, Abdelgied M, Numano T, Takase H, Ohnishi M, Tomono S, Hady RHAE, Fukamachi K, Kanno J, Hirose A, Xu J, Suzuki S, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. Assessment of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of double-walled carbon nanotubes in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation: a two-year study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35449069 PMCID: PMC9026941 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the expanding industrial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), safety assessment of these materials is far less than needed. Very few long-term in vivo studies have been carried out. This is the first 2-year in vivo study to assess the effects of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) in the lung and pleura of rats after pulmonary exposure. Methods Rats were divided into six groups: untreated, Vehicle, 3 DWCNT groups (0.12 mg/rat, 0.25 mg/rat and 0.5 mg/rat), and MWCNT-7 (0.5 mg/rat). The test materials were administrated by intratracheal-intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days. Rats were observed without further treatment until sacrifice. Results DWCNT were biopersistent in the rat lung and induced marked pulmonary inflammation with a significant increase in macrophage count and levels of the chemotactic cytokines CCL2 and CCL3. In addition, the 0.5 mg DWCNT treated rats had significantly higher pulmonary collagen deposition compared to the vehicle controls. The development of carcinomas in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (4/24) was not quite statistically higher (p = 0.0502) than the vehicle control group (0/25), however, the overall incidence of lung tumor development, bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma combined, in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (7/24) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than the vehicle control group (1/25). Notably, two of the rats treated with DWCNT, one in the 0.25 mg group and one in the 0.5 mg group, developed pleural mesotheliomas. However, both of these lesions developed in the visceral pleura, and unlike the rats administered MWCNT-7, rats administered DWCNT did not have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their pleural lavage fluids. This indicates that the mechanism by which the mesotheliomas that developed in the DWCNT treated rats is not relevant to humans. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the DWCNT fibers we tested are biopersistent in the rat lung and induce chronic inflammation. Rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT developed pleural fibrosis and lung tumors. These findings demonstrate that the possibility that at least some types of DWCNTs are fibrogenic and tumorigenic cannot be ignored.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Shengyong Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Randa Hussein Abd El Hady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- National Institute Hygienic Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071681. [PMID: 35406451 PMCID: PMC8996887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our body is constantly exposed to pathogens or external threats, but with the immune response that our body can develop, we can fight off and defeat possible attacks or infections. Nevertheless, sometimes this threat comes from an internal factor. Situations such as the existence of a tumour also cause our immune system (IS) to be put on alert. Indeed, the link between immunology and cancer is evident these days, with IS being used as one of the important targets for treating cancer. Our IS is able to eliminate those abnormal or damaged cells found in our body, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of tumour cells that can lead to cancer. However, in several cases, tumour cells can escape from the IS. It has been observed that immune cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, fat cells and various molecules could support tumour growth and development. Thus, the developing tumour receives structural support, irrigation and energy, among other resources, making its survival and progression possible. All these components that accompany and help the tumour to survive and to grow are called the tumour microenvironment (TME). Given the importance of its presence in the tumour development process, this review will focus on one of the components of the TME: immune cells. Immune cells can support anti-tumour immune response protecting us against tumour cells; nevertheless, they can also behave as pro-tumoural cells, thus promoting tumour progression and survival. In this review, the anti-tumour and pro-tumour immunity of several immune cells will be discussed. In addition, the TME influence on this dual effect will be also analysed.
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Tobita K, Meguro R. Bacillus subtilis BN strain promotes Th1 response via Toll-like receptor 2 in polarized mouse M1 macrophage. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14046. [PMID: 34997586 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis BN strain (BN strain) was isolated from natto, a traditional Japanese fermented soybean food product. The present study investigated the Th1 responses of the BN strain on a mouse macrophage cell line, J774.1. In cell cultures, the BN strain (spore cell cultured in Schaeffer's sporulation media) significantly increased the production of interleukin (IL-)12 protein. The BN strain induced the mRNA expression of M1 polarization genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-12p40 mRNA, and suppressed the mRNA expression of intracellular marker genes of M2 polarization, such as arginase 1 mRNA. The BN strain downregulated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), while it upregulated the mRNA expression of TLR2, MyD88, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The production of IL-12 protein induced by the BN strain was decreased by inhibitors of MyD88, NF-κB, and IκB kinase. Moreover, the production of IL-12 was strongly suppressed by neutralizing antibody against TLR2. These results suggest that the BN strain promotes Th1 response via TLR2 signal in mouse M1 macrophage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bacillus subtilis is known to have beneficial effects for the host. B. subtilis BN stain (BN strain) was isolated from natto, a traditional Japanese fermented soybean food product. The effects of the BN strain on the Th1 response in macrophage cell cultures were investigated in this work. We found that the spore cells of BN strain promoted the production of Th1-type cytokine, and induced macrophage M1 polarization via Toll-like receptor 2. This study can serve as a significant reference for the development of functional food and feed with immunostimulatory effects. Over time, new food and feed products containing the BN strain may emerge, such as Juice, powder, and tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tobita
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, Nagaoka, Japan
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Santana-Mederos D, Perez-Nicado R, Climent Y, Rodriguez L, Ramirez BS, Perez-Rodriguez S, Rodriguez M, Labrada C, Hernandez T, Diaz M, Orosa I, Ramirez U, Oliva R, Garrido R, Cardoso F, Landys M, Martinez R, Gonzalez H, Hernandez T, Ochoa-Azze R, Perez JL, Enriquez J, Gonzalez N, Infante Y, Espinosa LA, Ramos Y, González LJ, Valenzuela C, Casadesus AV, Fernandez B, Rojas G, Pérez-Massón B, Tundidor Y, Bermudez E, Plasencia CA, Boggiano T, Ojito E, Chiodo F, Fernandez S, Paquet F, Fang C, Chen GW, Rivera DG, Valdes-Balbin Y, Garcia-Rivera D, Verez Bencomo V. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate composed of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD dimer and Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:242-249. [PMID: 35360883 PMCID: PMC8826971 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soberana01 is composed of the SARS-CoV-2 dimeric RBD and Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) adsorbed on alum. This vaccine induces a potent neutralizing immune response and shows potential against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanet Climent
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | | | | | - Meybi Rodriguez
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Claudia Labrada
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernandez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Marianniz Diaz
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivette Orosa
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Ubel Ramirez
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Reynaldo Oliva
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Raine Garrido
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Felix Cardoso
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Mario Landys
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose L. Perez
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Juliet Enriquez
- National Civil Defense Research Laboratory, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Nibaldo Gonzalez
- National Civil Defense Research Laboratory, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Yenicet Infante
- National Civil Defense Research Laboratory, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Luis A. Espinosa
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Luis Javier González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics and Physics, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | - Briandy Fernandez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yaima Tundidor
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Bermudez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Tammy Boggiano
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Ojito
- Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 216 St., Havana, Cuba
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 200 and 21 Street, Havana 11600, Cuba
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Françoise Paquet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Cheng Fang
- Shanghai Fenglin Glycodrug Promotion Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Wu Chen
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co. Ltd., and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba
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Khalid K, Irum S, Ullah SR, Andleeb S. In-Silico Vaccine Design Based on a Novel Vaccine Candidate Against Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 28:16. [PMID: 34873398 PMCID: PMC8636788 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is notorious for causing serious infections of the skin, lungs, soft tissues, bloodstream, and urinary tract. Despite the overwhelming information available so far, there has still been no approved vaccine in the market to prevent these infections. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a rational vaccine design using the technique of epitope mapping to curb the infections caused by A. baumannii. An outer membrane protein with immunogenic potential as well as all the properties of a good vaccine candidate was selected and used to calculate epitopes for selection on the basis of a low percentile rank, high binding scores, good immunological properties, and non-allergenicity. Thus, a 240 amino-acid vaccine sequence was obtained by manually joining all the epitopes in sequence-wise manner with the appropriate linkers, namely AAY, GPGPG, and EAAAK. Additionally, a 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, agonist to the human innate immune receptors was attached to the N-terminus to increase the overall immune response towards the vaccine. As a result, enhanced overall protein stability, expression, immunostimulatory capabilities, and solubility of the designed construct were observed. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed the compactness and stability of the polypeptide construct. Moreover, molecular docking exhibited strong binding of the designed vaccine with TLR-4 and TLR-9. In-silico immune simulations indicated an immense increment in T-cell and B-cell populations. Bioinformatic tools also significantly assisted with optimizing codons which allowed for successful cloning of constructs into desired host vectors. Using in-silico tools to design a vaccine against A. baumannii demonstrated that this construct could pave the way for successfully combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Khalid
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sidra Irum
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rahmat Ullah
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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10
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Liu C, Bi X, Fan H, Ma L, Ge RL. Microcyst fluid promotes the migration and invasion of fibroblasts in the adventitial layer of alveolar echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106084. [PMID: 34389327 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), characterized by lesions composed of an aggregate of microcysts embedded in a granulomatous host's reaction. The periphery of parasite granulomas often additionally displays fibrotic reactions of varying intensity, in which E. multilocularis microenvironment fibroblasts (EMFs) laid down collagen. However, the regulation of EMFs by the infiltration of E. multilocularis microcyst fluid (MF) into granulomas remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MF on migration and invasion of primary isolated EMFs cells. A mouse model of secondary infection with AE was established, and the model construction was evaluated by HE staining. EMFs were cultured in primary by tissue block adherency method. The isolated cells were identified by qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Then CCK-8 assay, cell migration/invasion assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effects of MF on the proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle of EMFs, respectively. The expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 at mRNA and protein levels in EMFs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The effect of PI3K-Akt signal transduction pathway on regulating the expression of MMPs expression was assessed by Western blot. As indicated from the results, EMFs were successfully isolated from the E. multilocularis microenvironment and identified as myofibroblasts. MF significantly facilitated the proliferation and cell cycle progression of EMFs. In addition, MF significantly improved the migration and invasion of EMFs. MF was further confirmed to up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 in EMFs, which was related to the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The present study demonstrates that MF can promote the migration and invasion of EMFs cells significantly, which might be via activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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11
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Liu C, Fan H, Ma J, Ma L, Ge RL. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of thiacloprid against Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:450. [PMID: 34488852 PMCID: PMC8419995 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by the larval form of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Current chemotherapy against AE has relied on albendazole and mebendazole, which only exhibit parasitostatic and not parasiticidal efficacy. Therefore, novel compounds for the treatment of this disease are needed. METHODS Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assays were used for compound screening of seven neonicotinoids. The anti-parasitic effects of thiacloprid were then evaluated on E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles, germinal cells and protoscoleces in vitro. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and Reuber rat hepatoma (RH) cells were used to assess cytotoxicity. Glucose consumption in E. multilocularis protoscoleces and germinal cells was assessed by measuring uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Molecular docking was used to evaluate the potential binding sites of thiacloprid to acetylcholine receptors. In vivo efficacy of thiacloprid was evaluated in mice by secondary infection with E. multilocularis. In addition, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets after thiacloprid treatment. Furthermore, collagen deposition and degradation in the host lesion microenvironment were evaluated. RESULTS We found that thiacloprid is the most promising compound, with an IC50 of 4.54 ± 1.10 μM and 2.89 ± 0.34 μM, respectively, against in vitro-cultured E. multilocularis metacestodes and germinal cells. Thiacloprid was less toxic for HFF and RH mammalian cell lines than for metacestodes. In addition, thiacloprid inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in protoscoleces, metacestodes and germinal cells. Thiacloprid inhibited glucose consumption by protoscoleces and germinal cells. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy revealed that treatment with thiacloprid damaged the germinal layer. In vivo, metacestode weight was significantly reduced following oral administration of thiacloprid at 15 and 30 mg/kg. The level of CD4+ T lymphocytes in metacestodes and spleen increased after thiacloprid treatment. Anti-echinococcosis-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) were significantly increased. Furthermore, thiacloprid inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 1, 3, 9, 13) and promoted collagen deposition in the host lesion microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that thiacloprid had parasiticidal activity against E. multilocularis in vitro and in vivo, and could be used as a novel lead compound for the treatment of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
| | - Haining Fan
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
| | - Jie Ma
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
| | - Ri-li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
- Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, 810001 Qinghai China
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12
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Reyes A, Corrales N, Gálvez NMS, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, González PA. Contribution of hypoxia inducible factor-1 during viral infections. Virulence 2020; 11:1482-1500. [PMID: 33135539 PMCID: PMC7605355 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1836904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays critical roles during the cellular response to hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, its function is tightly regulated by the degradation of its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), which impairs the formation of an active heterodimer in the nucleus that otherwise regulates the expression of numerous genes. Importantly, HIF-1 participates in both cancer and infectious diseases unveiling new therapeutic targets for those ailments. Here, we discuss aspects related to the activation of HIF-1, the effects of this transcription factor over immune system components, as well as the involvement of HIF-1 activity in response to viral infections in humans. Although HIF-1 is currently being assessed in numerous clinical settings as a potential therapy for different diseases, up to date, there are no clinical studies evaluating the pharmacological modulation of this transcription factor as a possible new antiviral treatment. However, based on the available evidence, clinical trials targeting this molecule are likely to occur soon. In this review we discuss the role of HIF-1 in viral immunity, the modulation of HIF-1 by different types of viruses, as well as the effects of HIF-1 over their life cycle and the potential use of HIF-1 as a new target for the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Corrales
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento De Endocrinología, Facultad De Medicina, Escuela De Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Giorgio S, Gallo-Francisco PH, Roque GAS, Flóro E Silva M. Granulomas in parasitic diseases: the good and the bad. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3165-3180. [PMID: 32789534 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide, and most of them are chronic conditions in which the treatment and prevention are difficult. The appearance of granulomas, defined as organized and compact structures of macrophages and other immune cells, during various parasitic diseases is frequent, since these structures will only form when individual immune cells do not control the invading agent. Th2-typering various parasitic diseases are frequent, since these structures will only form when individual immune cells do not control the invading agent. The characterization of granulomas in different parasitic diseases, as well as recent findings in this field, is discussed in this review, in order to understand the significance of the granuloma and its modulation in the host-parasite interaction and in the immune, pathological, and parasitological aspects of this interaction. The parasitic granulomatous diseases granulomatous amebic encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, neurocysticercosis, and schistosomiasis mansoni are discussed as well as the mechanistic and dynamical aspects of the infectious granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-865, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marina Flóro E Silva
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-865, Brazil
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14
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Hernandez J, Ashley D, Cao R, Abrahem R, Nguyen T, To K, Yegiazaryan A, Akinwale David A, Kumar Tiwari R, Venketaraman V. Cyclic Peptide [R 4W 4] in Improving the Ability of First-Line Antibiotics to Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inside in vitro Human Granulomas. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1677. [PMID: 32973740 PMCID: PMC7438584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently one of the leading causes of global mortality. Medical non-compliance due to the length of the treatment and antibiotic side effects has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) that are difficult to treat. A current therapeutic strategy attempting to circumvent this issue aims to enhance drug delivery to reduce the duration of the antibiotic regimen or dosage of first-line antibiotics. One such agent that may help is cyclic peptide [R4W4], as it has been shown to have antibacterial properties (in combination with tetracycline) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the past. The objective of this study is to test cyclic peptide [R4W4] both alone and in combination with current first-line antibiotics (either isoniazid or pyrazinamide) to study the effects of inhibition of M. tb inside in vitro human granulomas. Results from our studies indicate that [R4W4] is efficacious in controlling M. tb infection in the granulomas and has enhanced inhibitory effects in the presence of first-line antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hernandez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - David Ashley
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Abrahem
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Nguyen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly To
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Aram Yegiazaryan
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ajayi Akinwale David
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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15
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Ji Q, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Gamah M, Yuan Z, Liu J, Cao C, Gao X, Zhang H, Ren Y, Zhang W. Effects of hypoxic exposure on immune responses of intestinal mucosa to Citrobacter colitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110477. [PMID: 32768962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis and mechanism of colitis may be related to intestinal flora, genetic susceptibility, environmental and immune factors. Among these various factors, the importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of colitis has been increasingly recognized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia on intestinal mucosal immunity. METHODS Experimental colitis was induced by oral gavage of Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) in mice, then divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. Mice were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Physiological and blood biochemical indicators were monitored to verify the hypoxia model. The body weight, fecal bacterial output, colon length and colon histopathology were observed to evaluate severity of colitis. The concentration of cytokines in colonic tissues were detected by ELISA. The percentage of CD4+ IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+ IL-17+ (Th17) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of mucosal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), related inflammatory factors and transcription factors in colon tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Mice in hypoxic C. rodentium infection (Hypoxia + C.r.) group exhibited significant decrease in body weight, increase in fecal bacterial pathogen output, and more severe histopathological damage in the colon compared with the C. rodentium infection (Nomoxia + C.r.) group. Meanwhile, the level of NF-κB, TLR4, COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α of colonic tissue were increased, while IL17, IL-22, and Reg3γ were decreased. The percentage of CD4+ IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+ IL-17+ (Th17) cells in MLN were significantly decreased in mice of Hypoxia + C.r. group, accompanied by the decreased of IFN-γ and IL-17. In addition, the level of the T-bet, RORγt, IL-12 and IL-23 were decreased in mice of Hypoxia + C.r. group. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic exposure significantly exacerbates the symptoms and the pathological damage of mice with colitis and influences the immune function by down-regulating Th1 and Th17 responses in C. rodentium-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Ji
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Mohammed Gamah
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Zhouyang Yuan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Chengzhu Cao
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China.
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16
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Müller S. Non-infectious Granulomatous Lesions of the Orofacial Region. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:449-456. [PMID: 30627963 PMCID: PMC6684712 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous lesions of the orofacial region are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a granulomatous reaction to a variety of stimuli. Infectious agents, foreign material, systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders can all be associated with granulomatous inflammation. In the orofacial region primary causes of granulomatosis include foreign body reaction, delayed hypersensitivity to topical agents and idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis. Secondary causes of granulomas include infectious agents, sarcoid, and Crohn disease. For this review, infectious causes of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) including bacteria, parasites and fungi will not be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Müller
- Atlanta Oral Pathology, Emory Decatur Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, 2701 N. Decatur Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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17
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Magombedze G, Marino S. Mathematical and computational approaches in understanding the immunobiology of granulomatous diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Sulaiman I, Wu BG, Li Y, Scott AS, Malecha P, Scaglione B, Wang J, Basavaraj A, Chung S, Bantis K, Carpenito J, Clemente JC, Shen N, Bessich J, Rafeq S, Michaud G, Donington J, Naidoo C, Theron G, Schattner G, Garofano S, Condos R, Kamelhar D, Addrizzo-Harris D, Segal LN. Evaluation of the airway microbiome in nontuberculous mycobacteria disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00810-2018. [PMID: 30093571 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00810-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aspiration is associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease and airway dysbiosis is associated with increased inflammation. We examined whether NTM disease was associated with a distinct airway microbiota and immune profile.297 oral wash and induced sputum samples were collected from 106 participants with respiratory symptoms and imaging abnormalities compatible with NTM. Lower airway samples were obtained in 20 participants undergoing bronchoscopy. 16S rRNA gene and nested mycobacteriome sequencing approaches characterised microbiota composition. In addition, inflammatory profiles of lower airway samples were examined.The prevalence of NTM+ cultures was 58%. Few changes were noted in microbiota characteristics or composition in oral wash and sputum samples among groups. Among NTM+ samples, 27% of the lower airway samples were enriched with Mycobacterium A mycobacteriome approach identified Mycobacterium in a greater percentage of samples, including some nonpathogenic strains. In NTM+ lower airway samples, taxa identified as oral commensals were associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach is not sensitive in identifying NTM among airway samples that are culture-positive. However, associations between lower airway inflammation and microbiota signatures suggest a potential role for these microbes in the inflammatory process in NTM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sulaiman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne S Scott
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Malecha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Scaglione
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashwin Basavaraj
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Bantis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Carpenito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Shen
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Bessich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaetene Michaud
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Donington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charissa Naidoo
- Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, DST/NRF of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Grant Theron
- Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, DST/NRF of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Schattner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzette Garofano
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rany Condos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kamelhar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doreen Addrizzo-Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Teskey G, Cao R, Islamoglu H, Medina A, Prasad C, Prasad R, Sathananthan A, Fraix M, Subbian S, Zhong L, Venketaraman V. The Synergistic Effects of the Glutathione Precursor, NAC and First-Line Antibiotics in the Granulomatous Response Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2069. [PMID: 30258443 PMCID: PMC6144952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative bacterial agent responsible for tuberculosis (TB) continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Although the human immune system plays a critical role in containing M. tb infection, elimination proves immensely more challenging. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate, and limit the spread of M. tb through the conventional use of first-line antibiotics. Unfortunately, with the emergence of drug resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of M. tb the archetypical antibiotics no longer provide the same ascendancy as they once did. Furthermore, when administered, these first-line antibiotics commonly present severe complications and side effects. The biological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) however, has been demonstrated to have a profound mycobactericidal effect with no reported adverse consequences. Therefore, we examined if N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), the molecular precursor to GSH, when supplemented in combination with suboptimal levels of standalone first-line antibiotics would be sufficient to completely clear M. tb infection within in vitro derived granulomas from healthy subjects and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Our results revealed that by virtue of immune modulation, the addition of NAC to subprime levels of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) was indeed capable of inducing complete clearance of M. tb among healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Teskey
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- College of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hicret Islamoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Albert Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Chaya Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ramaa Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Airani Sathananthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Marcel Fraix
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Li Zhong
- College of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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20
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Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mainetti C, Peeters MA, Laffitte E. Cutaneous Granulomatosis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:131-146. [PMID: 29352388 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous granulomatosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a skin inflammatory reaction triggered by a wide variety of stimuli, including infections, foreign bodies, malignancy, metabolites, and chemicals. From a pathogenic point of view, they are divided into non-infectious and infectious granulomas. Pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Non-infectious granulomatous skin diseases include granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, rheumatic nodules, foreign body granulomas, cutaneous sarcoidosis, and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Necrobiosis lipoidica is more frequent in diabetic patients. Infectious granulomas of the skin are caused by mycobacteria, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria; parasites, such as Leishmania; or fungi. Pathogenic mechanisms of M. tuberculosis-related granuloma are discussed. From a clinical point of view, it is useful to divide cutaneous granulomatosis into localized and more disseminated forms, although this distinction can be sometimes artificial. Three types of localized granulomatous lesions can be distinguished: palisaded granulomas (granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and rheumatoid nodules), foreign body granulomas, and infectious granulomas, which are generally associated with localized infections. Disseminated cutaneous granulomas can be divided into infectious, in particular tuberculosis, and non-infectious forms, among which sarcoidosis and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. From a histological point of view, the common denominator is the presence of a granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis and/or hypodermis; this infiltrate is mainly composed of macrophages grouped into nodules having a nodular, palisaded or interstitial architecture. Finally, we propose which diagnostic procedure should be performed when facing a patient with a suspected cutaneous granulomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Mainetti
- Department of Dermatology, Bellinzona Regional Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Laffitte
- Clinique de Dermatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland.
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21
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Issac JM, Mohamed YA, Bashir GH, Al-Sbiei A, Conca W, Khan TA, Iqbal A, Riemekasten G, Bieber K, Ludwig RJ, Cabral-Marques O, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Al-Ramadi BK. Induction of Hypergammaglobulinemia and Autoantibodies by Salmonella Infection in MyD88-Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1384. [PMID: 29973931 PMCID: PMC6019449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a link between persistent infections and the development of autoimmune diseases. For instance, the inability to control Salmonella infection due to defective toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling has linked the development of persistent infections to a breakdown in B cell tolerance. However, the extent of immune dysregulation in the absence of TLR-MyD88 signaling remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that MyD88−/− mice are unable to eliminate attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, even when challenged with a low-dose inoculum (200 CFUs/mouse), developing a persistent and progressive infection when compared to wild-type (MyD88+/+) animals. The splenic niche of MyD88−/− mice revealed increased counts of activated, Sca-1-positive, myeloid subpopulations highly expressing BAFF during persistent Salmonella infection. Likewise, the T cell compartment of Salmonella-infected MyD88−/− mice showed increased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing Sca-1 and CD25 and producing elevated amounts of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-21 in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. This was associated with increased Tfh cell differentiation and the presence of CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-10. Noteworthy, infected MyD88−/− mice had enhanced serum titers of both anti-Salmonella antibodies as well as autoantibodies directed against double-stranded DNA, thyroglobulin, and IgG rheumatoid factor, positive nuclear staining with HEp-2 cells, and immune complex deposition in the kidneys of MyD88−/− mice infected with live but not heat-killed Salmonella. Infection with other microorganisms (Acinetobacter baumanii, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Escherichia coli) was unable to trigger the autoimmune phenomenon. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of the immune response in the absence of MyD88 is pathogen-dependent and highlight potentially important genotype–environmental factor correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincy M Issac
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Hassan Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walter Conca
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taj A Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Díaz Á, Sagasti C, Casaravilla C. Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections. Parasite Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Díaz
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - C. Sagasti
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - C. Casaravilla
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
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23
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Houschyar KS, Chelliah MP, Rein S, Maan ZN, Weissenberg K, Duscher D, Branski LK, Siemers F. Role of Wnt signaling during inflammation and sepsis: A review of the literature. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:247-253. [PMID: 29562813 DOI: 10.1177/0391398818762357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of modern intensive care and new antimicrobial agents, the mortality of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock remains high. Systemic inflammation is a consequence of activation of the innate immune system. It is characterized by the intravascular release of proinflammatory cytokines and other vasoactive mediators, with concurrent activation of innate immune cells. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in the development of multicellular organisms. Abnormal Wnt signaling has been associated with many human diseases, ranging from inflammation and degenerative diseases to cancer. This article reviews the accumulating evidence that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a distinct role in inflammation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Siamak Houschyar
- 1 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Malcolm P Chelliah
- 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Rein
- 1 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristian Weissenberg
- 1 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Dominik Duscher
- 3 Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwik K Branski
- 4 Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- 1 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
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24
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Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14542. [PMID: 29109461 PMCID: PMC5674070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have well documented immunomodulatory effects in vitro, but not following oral administration in humans. Here we show that oral co-administration of cannabinoids with lipids can substantially increase their intestinal lymphatic transport in rats. CBD concentrations in the lymph were 250-fold higher than in plasma, while THC concentrations in the lymph were 100-fold higher than in plasma. Since cannabinoids are currently in clinical use for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients, lymphocytes from those patients were used to assess the immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The levels of cannabinoids recovered in the intestinal lymphatic system, but not in plasma, were substantially above the immunomodulatory threshold in murine and human lymphocytes. CBD showed higher immunosuppressive effects than THC. Moreover, immune cells from MS patients were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of cannabinoids than those from healthy volunteers or cancer patients. Therefore, administering cannabinoids with a high-fat meal or in lipid-based formulations has the potential to be a therapeutic approach to improve the treatment of MS, or indeed other autoimmune disorders. However, intestinal lymphatic transport of cannabinoids in immunocompromised patients requires caution.
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25
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Yasui S, Mochida N, Nakano R, Kasahara K, Tomoda K, Yano H, Kayano SI, Ito T. Persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183489. [PMID: 28827842 PMCID: PMC5565117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cause opportunistic chronic pulmonary infections. Notably, MAC susceptibility is regulated by various factors, including the host immune system. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.) tannin is a condensed tannin composed of a polymer of catechin groups. It is well known that condensed tannins have high antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties. However, it is hypothesized that condensed tannins might need to be digested and/or fermented into smaller molecules in vivo prior to being absorbed into the body to perform beneficial functions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soluble persimmon-derived tannins on opportunistic MAC disease. Soluble tannins were hydrolyzed and evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC value of soluble tannin hydrolysate was approximately five times greater than that of soluble tannin powder. In addition, soluble tannin hydrolysate exhibited high bacteriostatic activity against MAC in vitro. Furthermore, in an in vivo study, MAC infected mice fed a soluble tannin-containing diet showed significantly higher anti-bacterial activity against MAC and less pulmonary granuloma formation compared with those fed a control diet. Tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lower in lungs of the soluble tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines induced by MAC stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages were significantly decreased by addition of soluble tannin hydrolysate. These data suggest that soluble tannin from persimmons might attenuate the pathogenesis of pulmonary NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | - Satsuki Yasui
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoko Mochida
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Warsinske HC, DiFazio RM, Linderman JJ, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE. Identifying mechanisms driving formation of granuloma-associated fibrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Theor Biol 2017. [PMID: 28642013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a pulmonary pathogen of major global concern. A key feature of Mtb infection in primates is the formation of granulomas, dense cellular structures surrounding infected lung tissue. These structures serve as the main site of host-pathogen interaction in TB, and thus to effectively treat TB we must clarify mechanisms of granuloma formation and their function in disease. Fibrotic granulomas are associated with both good and bad disease outcomes. Fibrosis can serve to isolate infected tissue from healthy tissue, but it can also cause difficulty breathing as it leaves scars. Little is known about fibrosis in TB, and data from non-human primates is just beginning to clarify the picture. This work focuses on constructing a hybrid multi-scale model of fibrotic granuloma formation, in order to identify mechanisms driving development of fibrosis in Mtb infected lungs. We combine dynamics of molecular, cellular, and tissue scale models from previously published studies to characterize the formation of two common sub-types of fibrotic granulomas: peripherally fibrotic, with a cuff of collagen surrounding granulomas, and centrally fibrotic, with collagen throughout granulomas. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, along with large simulation sets, enable us to identify mechanisms differentiating centrally versus peripherally fibrotic granulomas. These findings suggest that heterogeneous cytokine environments exist within granulomas and may be responsible for driving tissue scale morphologies. Using this model we are primed to better understand the complex structure of granulomas, a necessity for developing successful treatments for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C Warsinske
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert M DiFazio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States of America
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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27
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Trehalolipid biosurfactants from nonpathogenic Rhodococcus actinobacteria with diverse immunomodulatory activities. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:559-68. [PMID: 25796474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus produce trehalolipid biosurfactants with versatile biochemical properties and low toxicity. In recent years, these biosurfactants are increasingly studied as possible biomedical agents with expressed immunological activities. Applications of trehalolipids from Rhodococcus, predominantly cell-bound, in biomedicine are also attractive because their cost drawback could be less significant for high-value products. The review summarizes recent findings in immunomodulatory activities of trehalolipid biosurfactants from nonpathogenic Rhodococcus and related actinobacteria and compares their biomedical potential with well-known immunomodifying properties of trehalose dimycolates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular mechanisms of trehalolipid interactions with immunocompetent cells are also discussed.
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28
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Gale G, Ostman S, Saalman R, Telemo E, Jontell M, Hasséus B. Immunophenotype in orofacial granulomatosis with and without Crohn's disease. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e584-591. [PMID: 25350593 PMCID: PMC4259375 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to characterise and compare the inflammatory infiltrates in patients with orofacial granulomatosis solely (OFG-S) and OFG with coexisting Crohn’s disease (OFG+CD).
Study Design: Biopsy specimens with granulomas were obtained from patients with OFG-S (n=11) and OFG+CD (n=11) and immunostained with antibodies against CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD20, CD68 and mast cell tryptase, followed by quantitative analysis.
Results: Analyses of the connective tissue revealed a significantly higher number of CD3-expressing T cells and CD11c-expressing dendritic cells in the connective tissue of patients with OFG-S compared to patients with OFG+CD. Mast cells displayed a high level of activation, although no significant difference was detected when comparing the two groups.
Conclusions: The results show a different composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in patients with OFG-S compared to patients with OFG+CD. The present observations support that partly divergent immune mechanisms are involved in these two different subcategories of OFG.
Key words:Granulomas, autoimmunity, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, children, adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Gale
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden,
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29
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Wojtowicz JC, Butovich IA, McMahon A, Hogan RN, Itani KM, Mancini R, Molai M, Linsenbardt E. Time-dependent degenerative transformations in the lipidome of chalazia. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:261-9. [PMID: 25150086 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to conduct histopathologic and lipidomic analyses of chalazia, in order to evaluate time-dependent changes in the lesion. Samples of surgically excised chalazia were collected over a period of 12 months from 10 patients (mean age 41 years; range, 23-58) with clinically diagnosed chalazia, who underwent scheduled surgery. The ages of chalazia varied from 2 to 28 weeks. To confirm the clinical diagnoses, the morphology of collected tissue samples was evaluated histologically after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The lipids from individual chalazia were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with authentic lipid standards and with the lipids of meibum collected from normal controls. We observed gradual, lesion age-dependent transformation of the lipidome of chalazia from an almost normal meibum-like composition to a very different kind of lipidome. A rapid initial increase in the free cholesterol content was followed by a gradual replacement of extremely long chain meibomian-type lipids with a mixture of shorter-chain cholesteryl esters of the C14-C18 family, triacylglycerols, ceramides, phospholipids and sphingomyelins. In addition, a rapid disappearance of wax esters and cholesteryl esters of (1-O)-acyl-omega-hydroxy fatty acids from the lipidome of aging chalazia was observed. Our results are indicative of dramatic, time-dependent changes in the lesion that may involve cholesterol as a trigger and/or a marker of subsequent degeneration of the meibomian lipidome. We hypothesize that early inhibition of these transformations may be useful in reversing the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga C Wojtowicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Anne McMahon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Robert N Hogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Kamel M Itani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Ronald Mancini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Mike Molai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
| | - Emily Linsenbardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
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30
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Barna BP, Judson MA, Thomassen MJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Chronic Granulomatous Disease. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:508-521. [PMID: 25525507 PMCID: PMC4267561 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Use of nanomaterials in manufactured consumer products is a rapidly expanding industry and potential toxicities are just beginning to be explored. Combustion-generated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or nanoparticles are ubiquitous in non-manufacturing environments and detectable in vapors from diesel fuel, methane, propane, and natural gas. In experimental animal models, carbon nanotubes have been shown to induce granulomas or other inflammatory changes. Evidence suggesting potential involvement of carbon nanomaterials in human granulomatous disease, has been gathered from analyses of dusts generated in the World Trade Center disaster combined with epidemiological data showing a subsequent increase in granulomatous disease of first responders. In this review we will discuss evidence for similarities in the pathophysiology of carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary disease in experimental animals with that of the human granulomatous disease, sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P. Barna
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, East Carolina University, Brody Medical Sciences Building, 600 Moye Blvd. Rm. 3E-149, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Marc A. Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, MC-91, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, East Carolina University, Brody Medical Sciences Building, 600 Moye Blvd. Rm. 3E-149, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-252-744-1117; Fax: +1-252-744-4887
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Walter RFH, Zarogoulidis P, Mairinger FD, Werner R, Darwiche K, Zarogoulidis K, Freitag L. Cell viability of fibroblasts to pifenidone and sirolimus: a future concept for drug eluting stents. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:38-43. [PMID: 24607204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently one of the major problems that interventional pulmonologists have to face is the increased proliferation of fibrinous tissue on the site of the stent placement, and usually at the two ends. MATERIALS AND METHODS The drugs rapamycin and pirfenidone were chosen for our experiment. Fibroblasts were also cultured in order to administer pirfenidone and rapamycin in different concentrations. The following cell viability methods were used: (a) Senescence - Cell Titer Assay, (b) Necrosis - Cyto Tox Assay and (c) Apoptosis - Caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay. RESULTS Rapamycin has minimal to no effect on fibroblasts regarding apoptosis, senescence and necrosis. 0.1 to 1 μM. Pirfenidone concentrations lead to an elevated cell metabolism because cells try to evade the cytotoxic effect of the drug. Increasing Pirfenidone concentrations lead to higher apoptosis rates. 10 μM pirfenidone induces the highest apoptosis rates in this experiment and reduce cell viability to a minimum. CONCLUSION Necrosis is unaffected by the investigated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F H Walter
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou, General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fabian D Mairinger
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou, General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov L Boros
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
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Zarogoulidis P, Darwiche K, Tsakiridis K, Teschler H, Yarmus L, Zarogoulidis K, Freitag L. Learning from the Cardiologists and Developing Eluting Stents Targeting the Mtor Pathway for Pulmonary Application; A Future Concept for Tracheal Stenosis. J Mol Genet Med 2013; 7:65. [PMID: 24454525 PMCID: PMC3896392 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal stenosis due to either benign or malignant disease is a situation that the pulmonary physicians and thoracic surgeons have to cope in their everyday clinical practice. In the case where tracheal stenosis is caused due to malignancy mini-interventional interventions with laser, apc, cryoprobe, balloon dilation or with combination of more than one equipment and technique can be used. On the other hand, in the case of a benign disease such as; tracheomalacia the clinician can immediately upon diagnosis proceed to the stent placement. In both situations however; it has been observed that the stents induce formation of granuloma tissue in both or one end of the stent. Therefore a frequent evaluation of the patient is necessary, taking also into account the nature of the primary disease. Evaluation methodologies identifying different types and extent of the trachea stenosis have been previously published. However; we still do not have an effective adjuvant therapy to prevent granuloma tissue formation or prolong already treated granuloma lesions. There have been proposed many mechanisms which induce the abnormal growth of the local tissue, such as; local pressure, local stress, inflammation and vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression. Immunomodulatory agents inhibiting the mTOR pathway are capable of inhibiting the inflammatory cascade locally. In the current mini-review we will try to present the current knowledge of drug eluting stents inhibiting the mTOR pathway and propose a future application of these stents as a local anti-proliferative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Hospital of Health Excellence, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helmut Teschler
- Pulmonary Department, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Cardiovascular & Critical Care Tower, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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