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Nie X, Li Q, Chen X, Onyango S, Xie J, Nie S. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127733. [PMID: 38678680 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) represent spherical particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 400 nm filled with multiple parental bacteria-derived components, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules. The production of bEVs facilitates bacteria interacting with their environment and exerting biological functions. It is increasingly evident that the bEVs play integral roles in both bacterial and host physiology, contributing to environmental adaptations to functioning as health promoters for their hosts. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the composition, biogenesis, and diversity of bEVs and the mechanisms by which different bEVs elicit effects on bacterial physiology and host health. We posit that an in-depth exploration of the mechanistic aspects of bEVs activity is essential to elucidate their health-promoting effects on the host and may facilitate the translation of bEVs into applications as novel natural biological nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | | | - Junhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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2
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Jiang C, Jin X, Li C, Wen L, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Tan R. Roles of IL-33 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2167-2174. [PMID: 37828753 PMCID: PMC10800126 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231198075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is believed to play important roles in different diseases by binding to its specific receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). In the heart, IL-33 is expressed in different cells including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelium, and epithelium. Although many studies have been devoted to investigating the effects of IL-33 on heart diseases, its roles in myocardial injuries remain obscure, and thus further studies are mandatory to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. We highlighted the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular characteristics of IL-33 and then summarized its major roles in different myocardial injuries, mainly focusing on infection, heart transplantation, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This narrative review will summarize current understanding and insights regarding the implications of IL-33 in cardiac diseases and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential for cardiac disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xuemei Jin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Luona Wen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burns, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220 China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Burns, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220 China
| | - Rongshao Tan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
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3
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Mei X, Zhou H, Song Z, Yang X, Liu X, Fei J, Shen Y, Wang X. PCSK6 mediates Th1 differentiation and promotes chronic colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury via STAT1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204739. [PMID: 37211384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the expression and role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK6) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DSS induced mouse colitis and mucosal barrier injury, down-regulation of TJ proteins, improvement of permeability, and increases of the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages. After PCSK6 knockdown, the colitis in KO mice was improved relative to WT mice, the TJ protein levels increased, and the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages decreased. STAT1 inhibitor treatment also inhibited chronic colitis in mice. As revealed by in-vitro experiments, PCSK6 overexpression promoted the transformation of Th0 into Th1, while PCSK6 silencing suppressed the transfection. COPI assay results revealed the presence of targeted binding relation between PCSK6 and STAT1. PCSK6 binds to STAT1 to promote STAT1 phosphorylation and regulate Th1 cell differentiation, thus promoting the M1 polarization of macrophages and aggravating colitis progression. PCSK6 is promising as the new target for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Mei
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Ascunce K, Dhodapkar RM, Huang D, Hafler BP. Innate immune biology in age-related macular degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1118524. [PMID: 36926522 PMCID: PMC10011475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1118524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. While not classically described as an inflammatory disease, a growing body of evidence has implicated several components of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. In particular, complement activation, microglial involvement, and blood-retinal-barrier disruption have been shown to play key roles in disease progression, and subsequent vision loss. This review discusses the role of the innate immune system in age-related macular degeneration as well as recent developments in single-cell transcriptomics that help advance the understanding and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. We also explore the several potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration in the context of innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ascunce
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rahul M Dhodapkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deven Huang
- Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Brian P Hafler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Marino G, Michielon A, Musumeci MB, Autore C. Takotsubo syndrome: hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or both? A case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2021; 5:ytab270. [PMID: 34423242 PMCID: PMC8374971 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a transient left ventricular dysfunction usually with apical akinesia (classical pattern). Other less frequent variants have been described: the mid-ventricular pattern is characterized by hypokinesia of the mid-left ventricle and hypercontractile apical and basal segments; the inverted or basal pattern is characterized by basal and mid-ventricular segment hypokinesia or akinesia with preserved contractility or hypercontractility of apical segments and finally the focal pattern. There are also biventricular variants and forms with exclusive involvement of the right ventricle. There is a correlation between endocrine disorders and TTS, the one most frequently described is with pheochromocytoma. Catecholamine-mediated myocarditis, focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial dysfunction are described in pheochromocytoma. Case summary We describe a case of a 69-year-old patient with a recent diagnosis of hypertension and Graves’ disease, hospitalized for persistent chest pain, hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, dyspnoea, and diaphoresis. Thyroid hormones, antibodies to TSH receptors, and hs-troponin I were increased. Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia at 130 b.p.m., first-degree atrioventricular block, signs of left ventricular hypertrophy with inverted T wave in V4–V6. Echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular apical and para-apical akinesia. Coronary angiography ruled out an obstructive coronary artery disease. Computed tomography angiogram aortic dissection ruled out aortic dissection but incidentally revealed a left adrenal mass compatible with a pheochromocytoma. Plasma and urinary metanephrines were increased. A TTS secondary to pheochromocytoma and hyperthyroidism was diagnosed. Pharmacological treatment included nitrates, urapidil and esmolol IV and methimazole at high doses. Type 2 multiple endocrine neoplasia has been excluded. After a complete haemodynamic stability on 20th day of hospitalization, the patient underwent an adrenalectomy. Discussion High levels of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma can lead to myocardial dysfunction. Similarly, an excess of thyroid hormones with up-regulation of adrenergic system can lead to myocardial dysfunction. These two conditions, if both present, define a high haemodynamic risk profile. How do catecholamines interact with the thyroid gland? The clinical case is of interest as a relationship has been hypothesized between the incretion of plasma catecholamines and Graves’ disease. We suppose an imbalance of the immune system with a predominance of the T helper-type 2 (Th2)-mediated response. Predominance of Th2-mediated immune response may induce humoral immunity causing Graves’ disease. In addition Th2 cytokines are strong inducers of M2 macrophages (alternatively activated) that are involved in autoimmune diseases, myocarditis, and myocardial fibrosis. Knowing the interaction between the cardiovascular system, immune response, and endocrine glands can help define the patient's risk class, possible complications, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Marino
- Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Michielon
- Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Musumeci
- Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Autore
- Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Aminin D, Wang YM. Macrophages as a "weapon" in anticancer cellular immunotherapy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:749-758. [PMID: 34110692 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapy is a treatment that activates the immune system to fight the tumor. Immunotherapy has several advantages over other cancer treatments in that anticancer immunotherapy displays high specificity, low side effects, and can combine with various conventional therapies. In recent years, oncologists have shown increasing interest in using macrophages for adoptive cell therapy and predict a bright future of macrophage-directed therapy for eliminating cancer. The focus of increased research interest is the classically activated M1 macrophages exhibiting pronounced tumoricidal activity, and the alternatively activated M2 tumor-associated macrophages, which otherwise help malignant cells evading attack by the immune system. M1 macrophages may represent an effective weapon in anticancer cellular immunotherapy, and the use of autoimmune macrophages properly prepared for antitumor administration is one of the promising ways for personalized therapy of cancer patients. The present report mainly discusses some modern aspects of the problem in application of activated M1 macrophage in anticancer therapy and reviews relevant publications up to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia.,Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Chumakova S, Urazova O, Shipulin V, Vins M, Pryakhin A, Sukhodolo I, Stelmashenko A, Litvinova L, Kolobovnikova Y, Churina E, Novitskiy V. Galectin 3 and non-classical monocytes of blood as myocardial remodeling factors at ischemic cardiomyopathy. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 33:100766. [PMID: 33869726 PMCID: PMC8047163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims To identify an imbalance of cardiac remodeling mediators and monocytes subpopulation in blood, distribution of myocardium macrophages in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods The study engaged 30 patients with ICMP, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. Concentrations of TGFβ, MMP-9, MCP-1, galectin-3 were measured in plasma of blood from the coronary sinus and peripheral blood in CHD patients, as well as in peripheral blood in healthy donors, by enzyme immunoassay method. The ration of classical, intermediate, non-classical, transitional monocytes in peripheral blood of patients and healthy donors was assessed by flow cytometry (expression CD14, CD16); the content of CD68+ macrophages in myocardium – by immunohistochemistry method. Results In both samples of blood, the content of galectin-3 in patients with ICMP was higher than in CHD patients without ICMP and the level of TGFβ was comparable between the groups. At ICMP, the concentration of MMP-9 in sinus blood was higher than that in CHD patients without ICMP in whom an excess of MCP-1 in the general blood flow was determined. The density of distribution of CD68+ cells in the myocardium in patients with ICMP was higher in the perianeurysmal zone than in the right atrium appendage. ICMP was characterized by a deficiency of non-classical monocytes, and CHD without ICMP – by an excess of intermediate cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion Myocardium remodeling at ICMP is mediated by not so much TGFβ but intracardiac galectin-3, which determines the subpopulation composition of blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chumakova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - O Urazova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Shipulin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - M Vins
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Pryakhin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - I Sukhodolo
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Stelmashenko
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - L Litvinova
- Immunology and Cell Biotechnology Center of Immanuel Kant, Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
| | - Yu Kolobovnikova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - E Churina
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Novitskiy
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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8
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Sass D, Fitzgerald W, Barb JJ, Kupzyk K, Margolis L, Saligan L. An exploratory analysis of extracellular vesicle-associated and soluble cytokines in cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100140. [PMID: 34589888 PMCID: PMC8474622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms associated with cancer treatments. The exact etiology of CRF and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Cytokine dysregulation was hypothesized to be one of these mechanisms. Here, we explored the associations of soluble and extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated markers that include cytokines, heat shock proteins (hsp27, hsp70, hsp90), and neurotrophic factors (BDNF) with CRF. METHODS Plasma was collected from men (n = 40) with non-metastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) at the start of the treatment, and three months after EBRT. CRF was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Fatigue (FACT-F) from all participants. EVs were characterized via Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, electron microscopy, and Western blot. Concentrations of EV-associated and soluble markers were measured with a multiplexed immunoassay system. Bivariate correlation analyses and independent T tests analyzed the relationships of CRF with the markers. FINDINGS As CRF worsened, concentrations of EV-associated markers were upregulated. EV-associated fold changes of Eotaxin, hsp27, IP-10, MIP-3α, were significantly higher in fatigued participants compared to non-fatigued EBRT participants three months after treatment. This was not observed in soluble markers. Concentrations of EV-associated CRP and MCP-1, soluble survivin, IFNα2, IL-8, IL-12p70, and MCP-1 significantly correlated with lower (worsening) CRF scores at the start of and three months after treatment. INTERPRETATION Concentrations of EV-associated markers increased in fatigued men with prostate cancer three months after EBRT. Both EV-associated and soluble markers correlated with worsening CRF. EV-associated markers, which have not been previously studied in depth, may provide additional insights and serve as potential biomarkers for CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilorom Sass
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kupzyk
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Jaggi U, Yang M, Matundan HH, Hirose S, Shah PK, Sharifi BG, Ghiasi H. Increased phagocytosis in the presence of enhanced M2-like macrophage responses correlates with increased primary and latent HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008971. [PMID: 33031415 PMCID: PMC7575112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After HSV-1 infection, macrophages infiltrate early into the cornea, where they play an important role in HSV-1 infection. Macrophages are divided into M1 or M2 groups based on their activation. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory. Macrophage phenotypes can shift between M1 or M2 in vitro and in vivo following treatment with specific cytokines. In this study we looked at the effect of M2 macrophages on HSV-1 infectivity using mice either lacking M2 (M2-/-) or overexpressing M2 (M2-OE) macrophages. While presence or absence of M2 macrophages had no effect on eye disease, we found that over expression of M2 macrophages was associated with increased phagocytosis, increased primary virus replication, increased latency, and increased expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, in mice lacking M2 macrophages following infection phagocytosis, replication, latency, and cytokine expression were similar to wild type mice. Our results suggest that enhanced M2 responses lead to higher phagocytosis, which affected both primary and latent infection but not reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, and Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA United States of America
| | - Harry H. Matundan
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Prediman K. Shah
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, and Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA United States of America
| | - Behrooz G. Sharifi
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, and Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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10
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Ganaie AA, Mansini AP, Hussain T, Rao A, Siddique HR, Shabaneh A, Ferrari MG, Murugan P, Klingelhöfer J, Wang J, Ambartsumian N, Warlick CA, Konety BR, Saleem M. Anti-S100A4 Antibody Therapy Is Efficient in Treating Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Reversing Immunosuppression: Serum and Biopsy S100A4 as a Clinical Predictor. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2598-2611. [PMID: 32999046 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 oncoprotein plays a critical role during prostate cancer progression and induces immunosuppression in host tissues. We hypothesized that S100A4-regulated oncogenic activity in immunosuppressed prostate tumors promotes growth of neoplastic cells, which are likely to become aggressive. In the current study, we investigated whether biopsy-S100A4 gene alteration independently predicts the outcome of disease in patients and circulatory-S100A4 is druggable target for treating immunosuppressive prostate cancer. Aided by DECIPHER-genomic test, we show biopsy-S100A4 overexpression as predictive of (i) poor ADT response and (ii) high risk of mortality in 228 radical prostatectomy-treated patients. Furthermore, analysis of tumor genome data of more than 1,000 patients with prostate cancer (PRAD/SU2C/FHCRC studies) validated the association of S100A4-alteration to poor survival and metastasis. We show that increased serum-S100A4 levels are associated to the prostate cancer progression in patients. The prerequisite for metastasis is the escape of tumor cells via vascular system. We show that extracellular-S100A4 protein as a growth factor induces vascular transmigration of prostate cancer cells and bone demineralization thus forms an ideal target for therapies for treating prostate cancer. By employing surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that mab6B12 antibody interacts with and neutralizes S100A4 protein. When tested for therapeutic efficacy, the mab6B12 therapy reduced the (i) osteoblastic demineralization of bone-derived MSCs, (ii) S100A4-target (NFκB/MMP9/VEGF) levels in prostate cancer cells, and (iii) tumor growth in a TRAMPC2 syngeneic mouse model. The immuno-profile analysis showed that mAb6B12-therapy (i) shifted Th1/Th2 balance (increased Stat4+/T-bet+ and decreased GATA2+/CD68+/CD45+/CD206+ cells); (ii) modulated cytokine levels in CD4+ T cells; and (iii) decreased levels of IL5/6/12/13, sTNFR1, and serum-RANTES. We suggest that S100A4-antibody therapy has clinical applicability in treating immunosuppressive prostate cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheed A Ganaie
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adrian P Mansini
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tabish Hussain
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arpit Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashraf Shabaneh
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marina G Ferrari
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jörg Klingelhöfer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Noona Ambartsumian
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Warlick
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Badrinath R Konety
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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11
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Trial J, Diaz Lankenau R, Angelini A, Tovar Perez JE, Taffet GE, Entman ML, Cieslik KA. Treatment with a DC-SIGN ligand reduces macrophage polarization and diastolic dysfunction in the aging female but not male mouse hearts. GeroScience 2020; 43:881-899. [PMID: 32851570 PMCID: PMC8110645 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in aging arises from increased ventricular stiffness caused by inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. The diastolic dysfunction contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which in the aging population is more common in women. This report examines its progression over 12 weeks in aging C57BL/6J mice and correlates its development with changes in macrophage polarization and collagen deposition. Aged C57BL/6J mice were injected with dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) ligand 1 (DCSL1, an anti-inflammatory agent) or saline for 12 weeks. Echo and Doppler measurements were performed before and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. DCSL1 prevented the worsening of diastolic dysfunction over time in females but not in males. Cardiac single cell suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry revealed changes in the inflammatory infiltrate: (1) in males, there was an increased total number of leukocytes with an increased pro-inflammatory profile compared with females and they did not respond to DCSL1; (2) by contrast, DCSL1 treatment resulted in a shift in macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in females. Notably, DCSL1 preferentially targeted tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα+) pro-inflammatory macrophages. The reduction in pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization was accompanied by a decrease in collagen content in the heart. Age-associated diastolic dysfunction in mice is more severe in females and is associated with unique changes in macrophage polarization in cardiac tissue. Treatment with DCSL1 mitigates the changes in inflammation, cardiac function, and fibrosis. The characteristics of diastolic dysfunction in aging female mice mimic similar changes in aging women.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rodrigo Diaz Lankenau
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aude Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jorge E Tovar Perez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas A&M University, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The DeBakey Heart Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM 620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Contribution of FP receptors in M1 macrophage polarization via IL-10-regulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Lu H, Chen R, Barnie PA, Tian Y, Zhang S, Xu H, Chakrabarti S, Su Z. Fibroblast transdifferentiation promotes conversion of M1 macrophages and replenishment of cardiac resident macrophages following cardiac injury in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:795-808. [PMID: 32068249 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resident cardiac macrophages play important roles in homeostasis, maintenance of cardiac function, and tissue repair. After cardiac injury, monocytes infiltrate the tissue, undergo phenotypic and functional changes, and are involved in inflammatory injury and functional remodelling. However, the fate of cardiac infiltrating/polarized macrophages and the relationship between these cells and resident cardiac macrophage replenishment following injury remain unclear. Our results showed that angiotensin II induces cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation into cardiac myofibroblasts (MFBs). In cocultures with MFBs and murine macrophages, the MFBs promoted macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype, followed by selective apoptosis, which was associated with TNF/TNFR1 axis and independent of NO production. Surprisingly, after 36 h of coculture, the surviving macrophages were converted to M2 phenotype and settled in heart, which was dependent on leptin produced by MFBs or polarized macrophages via the PI3K or Akt pathway. CCR2+ CD45.2+ cells adoptively transferred into CD45.1+ mice with viral myocarditis, differentiated into CD45.2+ CCR2+ CX3CR1+ M2 cells during the resolution of inflammation and settled within the heart. Our data highlight a novel mechanism related to the renewal or replenishment of cardiac resident macrophages following cardiac injury; and suggest that transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts may promote the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Lu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rong Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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McShane L, Tabas I, Lemke G, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Maffia P. TAM receptors in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1286-1295. [PMID: 30980657 PMCID: PMC6587925 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAM receptors are a distinct family of three receptor tyrosine kinases, namely Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK. Since their discovery in the early 1990s, they have been studied for their ability to influence numerous diseases, including cancer, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The TAM receptors demonstrate an ability to influence multiple aspects of cardiovascular pathology via their diverse effects on cells of both the vasculature and the immune system. In this review, we will explore the various functions of the TAM receptors and how they influence cardiovascular disease through regulation of vascular remodelling, efferocytosis and inflammation. Based on this information, we will suggest areas in which further research is required and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McShane
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ira Tabas
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA,Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Corresponding authors. Tel: +44 141 330 7142; E-mail: (P.M.) Tel: +44 141 330 6085; E-mail: (M.K.-S.)
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Corresponding authors. Tel: +44 141 330 7142; E-mail: (P.M.) Tel: +44 141 330 6085; E-mail: (M.K.-S.)
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15
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Li Z, Zhu X, Xu R, Wang Y, Hu R, Xu W. Deacylcynaropicrin Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK and Promoting M2 Polarization of Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:599. [PMID: 31231214 PMCID: PMC6567936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can promote the maturity of osteoclasts and bone resorption in many bone disease such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Here, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of deacylcynaropicrin (DAC) on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption induced by RANKL. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages were used for assessing the influence of DAC on polarization of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD206, as well as osteoclastogenesis markers, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), and c-Fos, were qualitatively analyzed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The results showed that DAC significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the expression levels of c-Fos and NFATc1 through nuclear factor-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt pathway. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that DAC reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in vivo. Finally, DAC also promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 types. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that DAC suppressed RANKL-induced inflammation and osteoclastogenesis and therefore it can be used as a potential treatment for osteoporosis, arthritis, osteolysis, and aseptic loosening of artificial prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wu M, Baron M, Pedroza C, Salazar GA, Ying J, Charles J, Agarwal SK, Hudson M, Pope J, Zhou X, Reveille JD, Fritzler MJ, Mayes MD, Assassi S. CCL2 in the Circulation Predicts Long-Term Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Early Systemic Sclerosis: Data From Two Independent Cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1871-1878. [PMID: 28575534 DOI: 10.1002/art.40171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few clinical predictors of the progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive significance of key cytokines for long-term progression of ILD and survival in 2 independent cohorts of patients with early SSc. METHODS Plasma levels of 11 Th1/Th2 cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor, CCL2, interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant, and interferon-γ-inducible 10-kd protein) were measured in 266 patients with early SSc in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS) discovery cohort. Levels of CCL2, IL-10, and IL-6 were measured in 171 patients with early SSc in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) replication cohort. The primary outcome measure was a decline in the forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%) value over time. A joint analysis of longitudinal FVC% values and survival was performed. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, CCL2 and IL-10 were found to be significant predictors of ILD progression in the discovery cohort. Higher CCL2 levels predicted a faster decline in FVC% values (b = -0.57, P = 0.032), while higher IL-10 levels predicted a slower decline (b = 0.26, P = 0.01). A higher CCL2 value was also predictive of poorer survival (hazard ratio 1.76, P = 0.030). In the CSRG replication cohort, higher CCL2 levels predicted a faster decline in FVC% values (b = -0.58, P = 0.038), but neither IL-10 nor IL-6 had predictive significance. A higher CCL2 level also predicted poorer survival (hazard ratio 3.89, P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Higher CCL2 levels in the circulation were predictive of ILD progression and poorer survival in patients with early SSc, findings that support the notion that CCL2 has a role as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wu
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Claudia Pedroza
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Gloria A Salazar
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Jun Ying
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Julio Charles
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Marie Hudson
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janet Pope
- St. Joseph's Health Care, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - John D Reveille
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Maureen D Mayes
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Shervin Assassi
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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17
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Ma Y, Iyer RP, Jung M, Czubryt MP, Lindsey ML. Cardiac Fibroblast Activation Post-Myocardial Infarction: Current Knowledge Gaps. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:448-458. [PMID: 28365093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to myocardial infarction (MI), the wound healing response of the left ventricle (LV) comprises overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, and the cardiac fibroblast is a key cell type involved in each phase. It has recently been appreciated that, early post-MI, fibroblasts transform to a proinflammatory phenotype and secrete cytokines and chemokines as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Later post-MI, fibroblasts are activated to anti-inflammatory and proreparative phenotypes and generate anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components that form the infarct scar. Additional studies are needed to systematically examine how fibroblast activation shifts over the timeframe of the MI response and how modulation at different activation stages could alter wound healing and LV remodeling in distinct ways. This review summarizes current fibroblast knowledge as the foundation for a discussion of existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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18
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Zhu D, Yang N, Liu YY, Zheng J, Ji C, Zuo PP. M2 Macrophage Transplantation Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Amyloid-β-Treated Rats Through Regulation of Microglial Polarization. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:483-95. [PMID: 27003214 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is considered to be the critical factor underlying AD pathological mechanisms. Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages/microglia have been reported to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we characterized the neuroprotective effects of M2 macrophage transplantation in AD model rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1 - 42 to rats was used to model AD and resulted in cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, and inflammatory changes in the brain microenvironment. We observed an increased interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5/IRF4 ratio, resulting in greater production of classically activated (M1) versus M2 microglia. M2 macrophage transplantation attenuated inflammation in the brain, reversed Aβ1 - 42-induced changes in the IRF4-IRF5 ratio, drove endogenous microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and ameliorated cognitive impairment. Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment reduced the IRF5/IRF4 ratio and induced primary microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro; these effects were prevented by tyrosine Kinase Receptor A (TrkA) inhibition. M2 macrophage transplantation restored the balance of IRF4-IRF5 by affecting the expression of NGF and inflammatory cytokines in the brains of AD model rats. This drove microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype, promoted termination of neuroinflammation, and resulted in improved cognitive abilities.
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19
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Bone marrow-derived innate macrophages attenuate oxazolone-induced colitis. Cell Immunol 2017; 311:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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21
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Trial J, Cieslik KA, Entman ML. Phosphocholine-containing ligands direct CRP induction of M2 macrophage polarization independent of T cell polarization: Implication for chronic inflammatory states. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:274-88. [PMID: 27621811 PMCID: PMC5004283 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied monocyte transendothelial migration and subsequent polarization into M1/M2 macrophages in response to C-reactive protein (CRP) with two disease-related ligands: (1) phosphocholine (PC) and (2) multilamellar liposomes containing both unoxidized and oxidized forms of the lipid, phosphatidylcholine. These ligands differ in biological origin: PC is present on bacterial cell walls while oxidized lipids are present in atherogenic lipids. METHODS We used an in vitro model of human monocyte transendothelial migration and assessed the polarization of monocytes and T cells and signaling through Fcγ receptors in monocytes. RESULTS CRP without ligands did not promote M2 macrophage differentiation over background levels. However, when paired with either ligand, it increased M2 numbers. M2 differentiation was dependent on IL-13, and in the case of CRP with PC, was associated with a Th2 response. Paradoxically, while CRP with PC initiated a Th2 response, the combination of liposomes with CRP resulted in a Th1 response without any change in Th2 numbers despite association with M2 macrophage polarization. To resolve the conundrum of an anti-inflammatory macrophage response coexisting with a proinflammatory T cell response, we investigated signaling of CRP and its ligands through Fcγ receptors, which leads to macrophage activation independent of T cell signaling. We found that CRP plus PC acted via FcγRI, whereas CRP with liposomes bound to FcγRII. Both were activating signals as evidenced by SYK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION We conclude that CRP with ligands can promote M2 macrophage differentiation to fibroblasts through FcγR activation, and this may result in an anti-inflammatory influence despite a proinflammatory T cell environment caused by oxidized lipids. The potential relationship of this mechanism to chronic inflammatory disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katarzyna A. Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mark L. Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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22
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Nakayama M, Kabayama S, Ito S. The hydrogen molecule as antioxidant therapy: clinical application in hemodialysis and perspectives. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Crawford JR, Trial J, Nambi V, Hoogeveen RC, Taffet GE, Entman ML. Plasma Levels of Endothelial Microparticles Bearing Monomeric C-reactive Protein are Increased in Peripheral Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:184-193. [PMID: 26891844 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has shown limited sensitivity. We demonstrate that two isoforms of CRP (pentameric, pCRP and monomeric, mCRP) present in soluble form or on microparticles (MPs) have different biological effects and are not all measured by clinical CRP assays. The high-sensitivity CRP assay (hsCRP) did not measure pCRP or mCRP on MPs, whereas flow cytometry did. MPs derived from endothelial cells, particularly those bearing mCRP, were elevated in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients compared to controls. The numbers of mCRP(+) endothelial MPs did not correlate with hsCRP measurements of soluble pCRP, indicating their independent modulation. In controls, statins lowered mCRP(+) endothelial MPs. In a model of vascular inflammation, mCRP induced endothelial shedding of MPs and was proinflammatory, while pCRP was anti-inflammatory. mCRP on endothelial MPs may be both an unmeasured indicator of, and an amplifier of, vascular disease, and its detection might improve risk sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Crawford
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Vijay Nambi
- The Division of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, 6565 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- The Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, M.S. BCM620, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived inflammatory fibroblasts mediate interstitial fibrosis in the aging heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 91:28-34. [PMID: 26718722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic fibrosis in the aging mouse heart is associated with dysregulated resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) arising from reduced stemness and aberrant differentiation into dysfunctional inflammatory fibroblasts. Fibroblasts derived from aging MSC secrete higher levels of 1) collagen type 1 (Col1) that directly contributes to fibrosis, 2) monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) that attracts leukocytes from the blood and 3) interleukin-6 (IL-6) that facilitates transition of monocytes into myeloid fibroblasts. The transcriptional activation of these proteins is controlled via the farnesyltransferase (FTase)-Ras-Erk pathway. The intrinsic change in the MSC phenotype acquired by advanced age is specific for the heart since MSC originating from bone wall (BW-MSC) or fibroblasts derived from them were free of these defects. The potential therapeutic interventions other than clinically approved strategies based on findings presented in this review are discussed as well. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "Fibrosis and Myocardial Remodeling".
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Hillel AT, Samad I, Ma G, Ding D, Sadtler K, Powell JD, Lane AP, Horton MR. Dysregulated Macrophages Are Present in Bleomycin-Induced Murine Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:244-50. [PMID: 26084828 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815589106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the inflammatory cell infiltrate preceding fibrosis in a laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) murine model. STUDY DESIGN Prospective controlled murine study. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Chemomechanical injury mice (n = 44) sustained bleomycin-coated wire-brush injury to the laryngotracheal complex while mechanical injury controls (n = 42) underwent phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-coated wire-brush injury. Mock surgery controls (n = 34) underwent anterior transcervical tracheal exposure only. Inflammatory and fibrosis protein and gene expression were assessed in each condition. Immunohistochemistry served as a secondary outcome. RESULTS In chemomechanical injury mice, there was an upregulation of collagen I (P < .0001, P < .0001), Tgf-β (P = .0023, P = .0008), and elastin (P < .0001, P < .0001) on day 7; acute inflammatory gene Il1β (P = .0027, P = .0008) on day 1; and macrophage gene CD11b (P = .0026, P = .0033) on day 1 vs mechanical and mock controls, respectively. M1 marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression decreased (P = .0014) while M2 marker Arg1 (P = .0002) increased on day 7 compared with mechanical controls. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased macrophages (P = .0058, day 4) and M1 macrophages (P = .0148, day 4; P = .0343, day 7; P = .0229, day 10) compared to mock controls. There were similarities between chemomechanical and mechanical injury mice with an increase in M2 macrophages at day 10 (P = .0196). CONCLUSIONS The bleomycin-induced LTS mouse model demonstrated increased macrophages involved with the development of fibrosis. Macrophage immunophenotype suggested that dysregulated M2 macrophages have a role in abnormal laryngotracheal wound healing. These data delineate inflammatory cells and signaling pathways in LTS that may potentially be modulated to lessen fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Idris Samad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garret Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Entman ML. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived inflammatory fibroblasts promote monocyte transition into myeloid fibroblasts via an IL-6-dependent mechanism in the aging mouse heart. FASEB J 2015; 29:3160-70. [PMID: 25888601 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis in the old mouse heart arises partly as a result of aberrant mesenchymal fibroblast activation. We have previously shown that endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the aged heart are markedly resistant to TGF-β signaling. Fibroblasts originating from these MSCs retain their TGF-β unresponsiveness and become inflammatory. In current studies, we found that these inflammatory fibroblasts secreted higher levels of IL-6 (3-fold increase, P < 0.05) when compared with fibroblasts derived from the young hearts. Elevated IL-6 levels in fibroblasts derived from old hearts arose from up-regulated expression of Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 (RasGrf1), a Ras activator (5-fold, P < 0.01). Knockdown of RasGrf1 by gene silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of farnesyltransferase (FTase) or ERK caused reduction of IL-6 mRNA (more than 65%, P < 0.01) and decreased levels of secreted IL-6 (by 44%, P < 0.01). In vitro, IL-6 markedly increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-driven monocyte-to-myeloid fibroblast formation after transendothelial migration (TEM; 3-fold, P < 0.01). In conclusion, abnormal expression of RasGrf1 promoted production of IL-6 by mesenchymal fibroblasts in the old heart. Secreted IL-6 supported conversion of monocyte into myeloid fibroblasts. This process promotes fibrosis and contributes to the diastolic dysfunction in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sanon VP, Sawaki D, Mjaatvedt CH, Jourdan‐Le Saux C. Myocardial Tissue Caveolae. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:871-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Exaggerated Inflammation and Monocytosis Associate With Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Evidence of M2 Macrophage Activation in Disease Pathogenesis. J Card Fail 2015; 21:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Broytman O, Braun RK, Morgan BJ, Pegelow DF, Hsu PN, Mei LS, Koya AK, Eldridge M, Teodorescu M. Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:162-70. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0213oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Duerrschmid C, Trial J, Wang Y, Entman ML, Haudek SB. Tumor necrosis factor: a mechanistic link between angiotensin-II-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 8:352-61. [PMID: 25550440 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous angiotensin-II infusion induced the uptake of monocytic fibroblast precursors that initiated the development of cardiac fibrosis; these cells and concurrent fibrosis were absent in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). We now investigated their cellular origin and temporal uptake and the involvement of TNFR1 in monocyte-to-fibroblast differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Within a day, angiotensin-II induced a proinflammatory environment characterized by production of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and TH1-interleukins and uptake of bone marrow-derived M1 cells. After a week, the cardiac environment changed to profibrotic with growth factor and TH2-interleukin synthesis, uptake of bone marrow-derived M2 cells, and the presence of M2-related fibroblasts. TNFR1 signaling was not necessary for early M1 uptake, but its absence diminished the amount of M2 cells. TNFR1-knockout hearts also showed reduced levels of cytokine expression, but not of TH-related lymphokines. Reconstitution of wild-type bone marrow into TNFR1-knockout mice was sufficient to restore M2 uptake, upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, and development of fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II. We also developed an in vitro mouse monocyte-to-fibroblast maturation assay that confirmed the essential role of TNFR1 in the sequential progression of monocyte activation and fibroblast formation. CONCLUSIONS Development of cardiac fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II was mediated by myeloid precursors and consisted of 2 stages. A primary M1 inflammatory response was followed by a subsequent M2 fibrotic response. Although the first phase seemed to be independent of TNFR1 signaling, the later phase (and development of fibrosis) was abrogated by deletion of TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Duerrschmid
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - JoAnn Trial
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yanlin Wang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark L Entman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra B Haudek
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Kain V, Prabhu SD, Halade GV. Inflammation revisited: inflammation versus resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:444. [PMID: 25248433 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause for the progression of the left ventricle towards congestive heart failure. The optimal healing after MI requires timely induction and resolution of inflammation. Primarily, there have been a number of strategies applied to inhibit the post-MI inflammation but approaches that focus on the resolution of inflammation have sparsely been used in the treatment of heart failure. The early attempts to inhibit post-MI inflammation resulted in adverse outcomes that were realized in heart failure trials. We provide here an overview on the cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived lipid mediators that are either impairing or resolving the post-MI inflammation. With the evolution of lipidomics there has been emerging novel bioactive-specialized lipid mediators that promise to resolve chronic inflammation rather than promoting inhibition. The current review is focused on post-MI immune cells kinetics and the unexplored array of lipid mediators that are coordinated by COX and LOX. Thus, an emphasis on COX and LOX poses key questions and potential for the development of novel targets in the heart failure treatment strategy. This updated dynamic approach aims to fuse basic pre-clinical discoveries and translational bioactive lipid-based resolvin discoveries that could be potentially used in the clinic for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix network in post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodeling. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1113-27. [PMID: 24519465 PMCID: PMC4033805 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) fills the space between cells, supports tissue organization, and transduces mechanical, chemical, and biological signals to regulate homeostasis of the left ventricle (LV). Following myocardial infarction (MI), a multitude of ECM proteins are synthesized to replace myocyte loss and form a reparative scar. Activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are the primary source of ECM proteins, thus playing a key role in cardiac repair. A balanced turnover of ECM through regulation of synthesis by myofibroblasts and degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is critical for proper scar formation. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the roles of myofibroblasts, MMPs, and ECM proteins in MI-induced LV remodeling. In addition, we discuss future research directions that are needed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ECM actions to optimize cardiac repair.
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Crawford JR, Taffet GE, Entman ML. Adverse fibrosis in the aging heart depends on signaling between myeloid and mesenchymal cells; role of inflammatory fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 70:56-63. [PMID: 24184998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with adverse fibrosis. Here we formulate a new hypothesis and present new evidence that unresponsiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and fibroblasts to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), due to reduced expression of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), provides a foundation for cardiac fibrosis in the aging heart via two mechanisms. 1) TGF-β promotes expression of Nanog, a transcription factor that retains MSC in a primitive state. In MSC derived from the aging heart, Nanog expression is reduced and therefore MSC gradually differentiate and the number of mesenchymal fibroblasts expressing collagen increases. 2) As TGF-β signaling pathway components negatively regulate transcription of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a reduced expression of TβRI prevents aging mesenchymal cells from shutting down their own MCP-1 expression. Elevated MCP-1 levels that originated from MSC attract transendothelial migration of mononuclear leukocytes from blood to the tissue. MCP-1 expressed by mesenchymal fibroblasts promotes further migration of monocytes and T lymphocytes away from the endothelial barrier and supports the monocyte transition into macrophages and finally into myeloid fibroblasts. Both myeloid and mesenchymal fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in the aging heart via collagen synthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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