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Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Han K, Wang H, Li H, Luan X. Human placental mesenchymal stromal cells promote the formation of CD8 +CD122 +PD-1 +Tregs via CD73/Foxo1 to alleviate liver injury in graft-versus-host disease mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112554. [PMID: 38968861 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human placental mesenchymal stromal cells (hPMSCs) are known to limit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD8+CD122+PD-1+Tregs have been shown to improve the survival of GVHD mice. However, the regulatory roles of hPMSCs in this subgroup remain unclear. Here, the regulatory mechanism of hPMSCs in reducing liver fibrosis in GVHD mice by promoting CD8+CD122+PD-1+Tregs formation and controlling the balance of IL-6 and IL-10 were explored. METHODS A GVHD mouse model was constructed using C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice and treated with hPMSCs. LX-2 cells were explored to study the effects of IL-6 and IL-10 on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The percentage of CD8+CD122+PD-1+Tregs and IL-10 secretion were determined using FCM. Changes in hepatic tissue were analysed by HE, Masson, multiple immunohistochemical staining and ELISA, and the effects of IL-6 and IL-10 on LX-2 cells were detected using western blotting. RESULTS hPMSCs enhanced CD8+CD122+PD-1+Treg formation via the CD73/Foxo1 and promoted IL-10, p53, and MMP-8 levels, but inhibited IL-6, HLF, α-SMA, Col1α1, and Fn levels in the liver of GVHD mice through CD73. Positive and negative correlations of IL-6 and IL-10 between HLF were found in liver tissue, respectively. IL-6 upregulated HLF, α-SMA, and Col1α1 expression via JAK2/STAT3 pathway, whereas IL-10 upregulated p53 and inhibited α-SMA and Col1α1 expression in LX-2 cells by activating STAT3. CONCLUSIONS hPMSCs promoted CD8+CD122+PD-1+Treg formation and IL-10 secretion but inhibited HSCs activation and α-SMA and Col1α1 expression by CD73, thus controlling the balance of IL-6 and IL-10, and alleviating liver injury in GVHD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Zhenghua Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264100, China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Hengchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Kaiyue Han
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264100, China
| | - Heng Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Muping District of Yantai City, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China.
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China.
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2
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Gaddie CD, Senior KG, Chan C, Hoffman BE, Keeler GD. Upregulation of CD8 + regulatory T cells following liver-directed AAV gene therapy. Cell Immunol 2024; 397-398:104806. [PMID: 38244266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Liver-directed AAV gene therapy represents a unique treatment modality for a host of diseases. This is due, in part, to the induction of tolerance to transgene products. Despite the plethora of recognized regulatory cells in the body, there is currently a lack of literature supporting the induction of non-CD4+ regulatory cells following hepatic AAV gene transfer. In this work, we show that CD8+ regulatory T cells are up-regulated in PBMCs of mice following capsid only and therapeutic transgene AAV administration. Further, we demonstrate that hepatic AAV gene transfer results in a significant increase in CD8+ regulatory T cells following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. Notably, this response occurred only in therapeutic vector treated animals, not capsid only controls. Understanding the role these cells play in treatment efficacy will result in the development of improved AAV vectors that take advantage of the full gamut of regulatory cells within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina D Gaddie
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin G Senior
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Chan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Keeler
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Wither MJ, White WL, Pendyala S, Leanza PJ, Fowler DM, Kueh HY. Antigen perception in T cells by long-term Erk and NFAT signaling dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308366120. [PMID: 38113261 PMCID: PMC10756264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308366120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system threat detection hinges on T cells' ability to perceive varying peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigens. As the Erk and NFAT pathways link T cell receptor engagement to gene regulation, their signaling dynamics may convey information about pMHC inputs. To test this idea, we developed a dual reporter mouse strain and a quantitative imaging assay that, together, enable simultaneous monitoring of Erk and NFAT dynamics in live T cells over day-long timescales as they respond to varying pMHC inputs. Both pathways initially activate uniformly across various pMHC inputs but diverge only over longer (9+ h) timescales, enabling independent encoding of pMHC affinity and dose. These late signaling dynamics are decoded via multiple temporal and combinatorial mechanisms to generate pMHC-specific transcriptional responses. Our findings underscore the importance of long timescale signaling dynamics in antigen perception and establish a framework for understanding T cell responses under diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wither
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - William L. White
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sriram Pendyala
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Paul J. Leanza
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Douglas M. Fowler
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Hao Yuan Kueh
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109
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4
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Piergallini TJ, Scordo JM, Allué-Guardia A, Pino PA, Zhang H, Cai H, Wang Y, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB, Turner J. Acute inflammation alters lung lymphocytes and potentiates innate-like behavior in young mouse lung CD8 T cells, resembling lung CD8 T cells from old mice. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:237-249. [PMID: 37196159 PMCID: PMC10473256 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in lung infection including that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in which both adaptive and innate lymphocytes can affect infection control. How inflammation affects infection is understood in a broad sense, including inflammaging (chronic inflammation) seen in the elderly, but the explicit role that inflammation can play in regulation of lymphocyte function is not known. To fill this knowledge gap, we used an acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in young mice and studied lymphocyte responses, focusing on CD8 T cell subsets. LPS treatment decreased the total numbers of T cells in the lungs of LPS mice while also increasing the number of activated T cells. We demonstrate that lung CD8 T cells from LPS mice became capable of an antigen independent innate-like IFN-γ secretion, dependent on IL-12p70 stimulation, paralleling innate-like IFN-γ secretion of lung CD8 T cells from old mice. Overall, this study provides information on how acute inflammation can affect lymphocytes, particularly CD8 T cells, which could potentially affect immune control of various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker J Piergallini
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Julia M Scordo
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
- Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7755, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
| | - Paula A Pino
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Hong Cai
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, United States
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5
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Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Sakanishi T, Sechi LA, Hattori N. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Tokyo-172 vaccine provides age-related neuroprotection in actively induced and spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:70-80. [PMID: 36745025 PMCID: PMC10081113 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system in young adults but still has no cure. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is reported to have non-specific anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic benefits in autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis. However, the precise mechanism of action of BCG and the host immune response to it remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of the BCG Tokyo-172 vaccine in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Groups of young and mature adult female C57BL/6J mice were BCG-vaccinated 1 month prior or 6 days after active EAE induction using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide. Another group of 2D2 TCRMOG transgenic female mice was BCG-vaccinated before and after the onset of spontaneous EAE. BCG had an age-associated protective effect against active EAE only in wild-type mice vaccinated 1 month before EAE induction. Furthermore, the incidence of spontaneous EAE was significantly lower in BCG vaccinated 2D2 mice than in non-vaccinated controls. Protection against EAE was associated with reduced splenic T-cell proliferation in response to MOG35-55 peptide together with high frequency of CD8+ interleukin-10-secreting T cells in the spleen. In addition, microglia and astrocytes isolated from BCG-vaccinated mice showed polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 and A2 phenotypes, respectively. Our data provide new insights into the cell-mediated and humoral immune mechanisms underlying BCG vaccine-induced neuroprotection, potentially useful for developing better strategies for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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6
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Wang YR, Cui WQ, Wu HY, Xu XD, Xu XQ. The role of T cells in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:20-33. [PMID: 36906042 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with high rates of disability and mortality, exerting a substantial impact on overall survival and health-related quality of life. Treatment of AIS remains challenging given that the underlying pathologic mechanisms remain unclear. However, recent research has demonstrated that the immune system plays a key role in the development of AIS. Numerous studies have reported infiltration of T cells into ischemic brain tissue. While some types of T cells can promote the development of inflammatory responses and aggravate ischemic damage in patients with AIS, other T cells appear to exert neuroprotective effects via immunosuppression and other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the recent findings regarding the infiltration of T cells into ischemic brain tissue, and the mechanisms governing how T cells can facilitate tissue injury or neuroprotection in AIS. Factors influencing the function of T cells, such as intestinal microflora and sex differences, are also discussed. We also explore the recent research on the effect of non-coding RNA on T cells after stroke, as well as the potential for specifically targeting T cells in the treatment of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xu
- Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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7
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Immune Phenotypic Characterization of a TRAIL-Knockout Mouse. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051475. [PMID: 36900266 PMCID: PMC10000729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The TNF-superfamily member TRAIL is known to mediate selective apoptosis in tumor cells suggesting this protein as a potential antitumor drug target. However, initial successful pr-clinical results could not be translated into the clinic. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of TRAIL-targeting in tumor therapies could include acquired TRAIL resistance. A tumor cell acquires TRAIL resistance, for example, by upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins. In addition, TRAIL can also influence the immune system and thus, tumor growth. We were able to show in our previous work that TRAIL-/- mice show improved survival in a mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma. Therefore, in this study we aimed to immunologically characterize the TRAIL-/- mice. We observed no significant differences in the distribution of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, Tregs, and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ cells. However, we provide evidence for relevant differences in the distribution of effector memory T-cells and CD8+CD122+ cells but also in dendritic cells. Our findings suggest that T-lymphocytes of TRAIL-/- mice proliferate at a lower rate, and that the administration of recombinant TRAIL significantly increases their proliferation, while regulatory T-cells (Tregs) from TRAIL-/- mice are less suppressive. Regarding the dendritic cells, we found more type-2 conventional dendritic cells (DC2s) in the TRAIL-/- mice. For the first time (to the best of our knowledge), we provide a comprehensive characterization of the immunological landscape of TRAIL-deficient mice. This will establish an experimental basis for future investigations of TRAIL-mediated immunology.
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8
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Regulatory T cells in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration: recent insights. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:680. [PMID: 35931697 PMCID: PMC9356005 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair and regeneration after injury is a multi-stage process, involving a dynamic inflammatory microenvironment consisting of a complex network formed by the interaction of immune cells and their secreted cytokines. The homeostasis of the inflammatory microenvironment determines whether skeletal muscle repair tissues will ultimately form scar tissue or regenerative tissue. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate homeostasis within the immune system and self-immune tolerance, and play a crucial role in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. Dysregulated Tregs function leads to abnormal repair. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of Tregs in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration after injury and provide new strategies for Treg immunotherapy in skeletal muscle diseases.
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9
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Lee J, McCullough LD. Revisiting regulatory T cells for stroke therapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e161703. [PMID: 35912860 PMCID: PMC9337822 DOI: 10.1172/jci161703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. T cells have been extensively studied for their dual role in regulating immunity and inflammation following stroke. In this issue of the JCI, Cai, Shi, et al. demonstrated that CD8+ regulatory-like T cells (CD8+ TRLs) are one of the earliest lymphocyte subtypes to enter the brain after experimental ischemic stroke. Using a mouse model of stroke and comprehensive experimental approaches, the authors found that CD8+ TRLs reduced both brain damage and functional deficits in both young and aged mice. These unique early responding regulatory T cells may also play a role in a wide array of other T cell-mediated neurological disorders.
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10
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Cai W, Shi L, Zhao J, Xu F, Dufort C, Ye Q, Yang T, Dai X, Lyu J, Jin C, Pu H, Yu F, Hassan S, Sun Z, Zhang W, Hitchens TK, Shi Y, Thomson AW, Leak RK, Hu X, Chen J. Neuroprotection against ischemic stroke requires a specific class of early responder T cells in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157678. [PMID: 35912857 PMCID: PMC9337834 DOI: 10.1172/jci157678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation holds therapeutic promise against brain injuries, but leveraging this approach requires a precise understanding of mechanisms. We report that CD8+CD122+CD49dlo T regulatory-like cells (CD8+ TRLs) are among the earliest lymphocytes to infiltrate mouse brains after ischemic stroke and temper inflammation; they also confer neuroprotection. TRL depletion worsened stroke outcomes, an effect reversed by CD8+ TRL reconstitution. The CXCR3/CXCL10 axis served as the brain-homing mechanism for CD8+ TRLs. Upon brain entry, CD8+ TRLs were reprogrammed to upregulate leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor, epidermal growth factor–like transforming growth factor (ETGF), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). LIF/LIF receptor interactions induced ETGF and IL-10 production in CD8+ TRLs. While IL-10 induction was important for the antiinflammatory effects of CD8+ TRLs, ETGF provided direct neuroprotection. Poststroke intravenous transfer of CD8+ TRLs reduced infarction, promoting long-term neurological recovery in young males or aged mice of both sexes. Thus, these unique CD8+ TRLs serve as early responders to rally defenses against stroke, offering fresh perspectives for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ligen Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Connor Dufort
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejiao Dai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junxuan Lyu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenghao Jin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hongjian Pu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sulaiman Hassan
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center and Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Savchenko AA, Tikhonova E, Kudryavtsev I, Kudlay D, Korsunsky I, Beleniuk V, Borisov A. TREC/KREC Levels and T and B Lymphocyte Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients at Different Stages of the Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:646. [PMID: 35337053 PMCID: PMC8954181 DOI: 10.3390/v14030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T and B cell-mediated immunity can be assessed using T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and Kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) analysis, respectively, and successful implementation of this method requires evaluation of the correlation between the TREC frequencies and T cell subsets as well as KREC levels and B lymphocyte subsets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the TREC/KREC concentrations and T/B lymphocyte subsets at different stages of COVID-19. METHODS We examined 33 patients in the acute stage of COVID-19 (including 8 patients with poor outcomes) and 33 COVID-19 survivors. TREC/KREC concentrations were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. T/B lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Blood TREC and KREC levels were found to be significantly lower in the acute stage of COVID-19 compared to control values. Moreover, a zero blood TREC level was a predictor of a poor disease outcome. Reductions in CD3+CD4+CD45RO-CD62L- and CD3+CD8+CD45RO-CD62L- T cell counts (as well as in the main fractions of B1 and B2 B cells) indicated a favorable outcome in COVID-19 patients in the acute stage of the disease. Decreased CD3+CD4+CD45RO-CD62L+ and CD3+CD8+CD45RO-CD62L+ T cell frequencies and increased CD3+CD8+CD45RO-CD62L- cell counts were found to indicate a poor outcome in patients with acute COVID-19. These patients were also found to have increased B1 cell counts while demonstrating no changes in B2 cell counts. The levels of effector T cell subsets an naïve B cells were normal in COVID-19 survivors. The most pronounced correlations between TREC/KREC levels and T/B cell subsets counts were observed in COVID-19 survivors: there were positive correlations with naïve T and B lymphocytes and negative correlations with central and effector memory T cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of correlations between TREC and T cell subsets as well as KREC levels and B cell subset counts in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 survivors has shown that blood concentrations of TREC and KREC are sensitive indicators of the stage of antigen-independent differentiation of adaptive immunity cells. The results of the TREC and KREC analysis correlated with the stages of COVID-19 and differed depending on the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Savchenko
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (V.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- National Research Center—Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Moscow City Center for Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, G. Speransky Children’s Hospital No 9, 129329 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vasily Beleniuk
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (V.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandr Borisov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (V.B.); (A.B.)
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12
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Wang W, Hong T, Wang X, Wang R, Du Y, Gao Q, Yang S, Zhang X. Newly Found Peacekeeper: Potential of CD8+ Tregs for Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764786. [PMID: 34899714 PMCID: PMC8652293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the most effective and potentially curative treatment for a variety of hematologic malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major obstacle that limits wide application of allo-HSCT, despite the development of prophylactic strategies. Owing to experimental and clinical advances in the field, GVHD is characterized by disruption of the balance between effector and regulatory immune cells, resulting in higher inflammatory cytokine levels. A reduction in regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been associated with limiting recalibration of inflammatory overaction and maintaining immune tolerance. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that immunoregulation may be useful for preventing GVHD. As opposed to CD4+ Tregs, the CD8+ Tregs population, which constitutes an important proportion of all Tregs, efficiently attenuates GVHD while sparing graft-versus-leukemic (GVL) effects. CD8+ Tregs may provide another form of cellular therapy for preventing GVHD and preserving GVL effects, and understanding the underlying mechanisms that different from those of CD4+ Tregs is significant. In this review, we summarize preclinical experiments that have demonstrated the role of CD8+ Tregs during GVHD and attempted to obtain optimized CD8+ Tregs. Notably, although optimized CD8+ Tregs have obvious advantages, more exploration is needed to determine how to apply them in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiangguo Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Singh RP, Hahn BH, Bischoff DS. Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes of pConsensus Peptide (pCons) Induced CD8 + and CD4 + Regulatory T Cells in Lupus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718359. [PMID: 34867947 PMCID: PMC8640085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with widespread inflammation, immune dysregulation, and is associated with the generation of destructive anti-DNA autoantibodies. We have shown previously the immune modulatory properties of pCons peptide in the induction of both CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells which can in turn suppress development of the autoimmune disease in (NZB/NZW) F1 (BWF1) mice, an established model of lupus. In the present study, we add novel protein information and further demonstrate the molecular and cellular phenotypes of pCons-induced CD4+ and CD8+ Treg subsets. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that pCons induced CD8+ Treg cells with the following cell surface molecules: CD25highCD28high and low subsets (shown earlier), CD62Lhigh, CD122low, PD1low, CTLA4low, CCR7low and 41BBhigh. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) gene expression analyses revealed that pCons-induced CD8+ Treg cells downregulated the following several genes: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS2), RGS16, RGS17, BAX, GPT2, PDE3b, GADD45β and programmed cell death 1 (PD1). Further, we confirmed the down regulation of these genes by Western blot analyses at the protein level. To our translational significance, we showed herein that pCons significantly increased the percentage of CD8+FoxP3+ T cells and further increased the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of FoxP3 when healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are treated with pCons (10 μg/ml, for 24-48 hours). In addition, we found that pCons reduced apoptosis in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B220+ B cells of BWF1 lupus mice. These data suggest that pCons stimulates cellular, immunological, and molecular changes in regulatory T cells which in turn protect against SLE autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Singh
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David S Bischoff
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Neef T, Ifergan I, Beddow S, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Haskins K, Shea LD, Podojil JR, Miller SD. Tolerance Induced by Antigen-Loaded PLG Nanoparticles Affects the Phenotype and Trafficking of Transgenic CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3445. [PMID: 34943952 PMCID: PMC8699785 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that PLG nanoparticles loaded with peptide antigen can reduce disease in animal models of autoimmunity and in a phase 1/2a clinical trial in celiac patients. Clarifying the mechanisms by which antigen-loaded nanoparticles establish tolerance is key to further adapting them to clinical use. The mechanisms underlying tolerance induction include the expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells and sequestration of autoreactive cells in the spleen. In this study, we employed nanoparticles loaded with two model peptides, GP33-41 (a CD8 T cell epitope derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and OVA323-339 (a CD4 T cell epitope derived from ovalbumin), to modulate the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from two transgenic mouse strains, P14 and DO11.10, respectively. Firstly, it was found that the injection of P14 mice with particles bearing the MHC I-restricted GP33-41 peptide resulted in the expansion of CD8+ T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype. This correlated with reduced CD4+ T cell viability in ex vivo co-cultures. Secondly, both nanoparticle types were able to sequester transgenic T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Flow cytometric analyses showed a reduction in the surface expression of chemokine receptors. Such an effect was more prominently observed in the CD4+ cells rather than the CD8+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Sara Beddow
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Joseph R. Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
- Research & Development, Cour Pharmaceuticals Development Company, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.N.); (I.I.); (S.B.); (P.P.-M.); (J.R.P.)
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15
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Pradhan K, Geng S, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Li L. TRAM-Related TLR4 Pathway Antagonized by IRAK-M Mediates the Expression of Adhesion/Coactivating Molecules on Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2980-2988. [PMID: 34031144 PMCID: PMC8278277 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory monocytes critically contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The elevated expression of coactivating molecule CD40 as well as key adhesion molecule CD11a is a critical signature of inflammatory monocytes from both human patients with coronary artery diseases as well as in animal models of atherosclerosis. In this study, we report that subclinical superlow-dose LPS, a key risk factor for low-grade inflammation and atherosclerosis, can potently trigger the induction of CD40 and CD11a on low-grade inflammatory monocytes. Subclinical endotoxin-derived monocytes demonstrate immune-enhancing effects and suppress the generation of regulatory CD8+CD122+ T cells, which further exacerbate the inflammatory environment conducive for chronic diseases. Mechanistically, subclinical endotoxemia activates TRAM-mediated signaling processes, leading to the activation of MAPK and STAT5, which is responsible for the expression of CD40 and CD11a. We also demonstrate that TRAM-mediated monocyte polarization can be suppressed by IRAK-M. IRAK-M-deficient monocytes have increased expression of TRAM, elevated induction of CD40 and CD11a by subclinical-dose endotoxin, and are more potent in suppressing the CD8 regulatory T cells. Mice with IRAK-M deficiency generate an increased population of inflammatory monocytes and a reduced population of CD8 T regulatory cells. In contrast, mice with TRAM deficiency exhibit a significantly reduced inflammatory monocyte population and an elevated CD8 T regulatory cell population. Together, our data reveal a competing intracellular circuitry involving TRAM and IRAK-M that modulate the polarization of low-grade inflammatory monocytes with an immune-enhancing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rui-Ci Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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16
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Alderdice M, Craig SG, Humphries MP, Gilmore A, Johnston N, Bingham V, Coyle V, Senevirathne S, Longley D, Loughrey M, McQuaid S, James J, Salto-Tellez M, Lawler M, McArt D. Evolutionary genetic algorithm identifies IL2RB as a potential predictive biomarker for immune-checkpoint therapy in colorectal cancer. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab016. [PMID: 33928242 PMCID: PMC8057496 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying robust predictive biomarkers to stratify colorectal cancer (CRC) patients based on their response to immune-checkpoint therapy is an area of unmet clinical need. Our evolutionary algorithm Atlas Correlation Explorer (ACE) represents a novel approach for mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for clinically relevant associations. We deployed ACE to identify candidate predictive biomarkers of response to immune-checkpoint therapy in CRC. We interrogated the colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) gene expression data across nine immune-checkpoints (PDL1, PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT, ICOS, IDO1 and BTLA). IL2RB was identified as the most common gene associated with immune-checkpoint genes in CRC. Using human/murine single-cell RNA-seq data, we demonstrated that IL2RB was expressed predominantly in a subset of T-cells associated with increased immune-checkpoint expression (P < 0.0001). Confirmatory IL2RB immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in a large MSI-H colon cancer tissue microarray (TMA; n = 115) revealed sensitive, specific staining of a subset of lymphocytes and a strong association with FOXP3+ lymphocytes (P < 0.0001). IL2RB mRNA positively correlated with three previously-published gene signatures of response to immune-checkpoint therapy (P < 0.0001). Our evolutionary algorithm has identified IL2RB to be extensively linked to immune-checkpoints in CRC; its expression should be investigated for clinical utility as a potential predictive biomarker for CRC patients receiving immune-checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alderdice
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Health Data Research UK Wales and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Alan Gilmore
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Nicole Johnston
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky Coyle
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Seedevi Senevirathne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland
- Health Data Research UK Wales and Northern Ireland
| | - Darragh G McArt
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +028 9097 2629;
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17
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Liu L, Zhao J, Li A, Yang X, Sprangers B, Li S. Prolongation of allograft survival by artemisinin treatment is associated with blockade of OX40-OX40L. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:291-298. [PMID: 33757384 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1902347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated that artemisinin (ART) possesses multiple immune modulatory effects. However, its role as immunosuppressant in allogeneic transplantation is undetermined. Here, we investigated the effect of ART on co-stimulatory signaling in OX40+ T cells and evaluated ART as a potential immunosuppressant in transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic skin transplantation was performed in C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice. Recipient mice were administrated with vehicle, ART or cyclosporine A daily from day 0 to day 19 post transplantation. Proportions of splenic CD4+OX40+ and CD4+CD44hiCD62Lhi cells, and serum IgG was measured by using flow cytometry. An in vitro lymphocyte stimulation with Con A or LPS under various concentrations of ART was performed, expression of CD4+OX40+ and CD4+CD44hiCD62Lhi cells was evaluated, and interleukin(IL)-6 production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS In in vivo allogeneic skin transplant model, ART significantly prolongs allogeneic skin survival. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrate that the immune suppression of ART on T cells is associated with a reduction in OX40+ T cells and inhibition of IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the OX40-OX40L pathway and IL-6 are possibly involved in ART-induced immunosuppression, and ART is a potential novel immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Juanzhi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - An Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shengqiao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, University of Sun Yat-Sen, Zhuhai, P.R. China
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18
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Kalinina AA, Khromykh LM, Kazansky DB, Deykin AV, Silaeva YY. Suppression of the Immune Response by Syngeneic Splenocytes Adoptively Transferred to Sublethally Irradiated Mice. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:116-126. [PMID: 33959391 PMCID: PMC8084293 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral T-cell pool consists of several, functionally distinct
populations of CD8+ T cells. CD44 and CD62L are among the major
surface markers that allow us to define T-cell populations. The expression of
these molecules depends on the functional status of a T lymphocyte. Under
lymphopenic conditions, peripheral T cells undergo homeostatic proliferation
and acquire the memory-like surface phenotype CD44hiCD62Lhi. However, the data
on the functional activity of these cells remains controversial. In this paper,
we analyzed the effects of the adoptive transfer of syngeneic splenocytes on
the recovery of CD8+ T cells in sublethally irradiated mice. Our
data demonstrate that under lymphopenia, donor lymphocytes form a population of
memory-like CD8+ T cells with the phenotype CD122+CD5+CD49dhiCXCR3+
that shares the phenotypic characteristics of true memory cells and suppressive
CD8+ T cells. Ex vivo experiments showed that after
adoptive transfer in irradiated mice, T cells lacked the functions of true
effector or memory cells; the allogeneic immune response and immune response to
pathogens were greatly suppressed in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - L. M. Khromykh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - D. B. Kazansky
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - A. V. Deykin
- Core Facility Centre, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - Yu. Yu. Silaeva
- Core Facility Centre, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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19
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Fung TH, Yang KY, Lui KO. An emerging role of regulatory T-cells in cardiovascular repair and regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:8924-8938. [PMID: 32802172 PMCID: PMC7415793 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune cells play an important role in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration. After injury, danger signals released by the damaged tissue trigger the initial pro-inflammatory phase essential for removing pathogens or cellular debris that is later replaced by the anti-inflammatory phase responsible for tissue healing. On the other hand, impaired immune regulation can lead to excessive scarring and fibrosis that could be detrimental for the restoration of organ function. Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have been revealed as the master regulator of the immune system that have both the immune and regenerative functions. In this review, we will summarize their immune role in the induction and maintenance of self-tolerance; as well as their regenerative role in directing tissue specific response for repair and regeneration. The latter is clearly demonstrated when Treg enhance the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells such as satellite cells to replace the damaged skeletal muscle, as well as the proliferation of parenchymal cells including neonatal cardiomyocytes for functional regeneration. Moreover, we will also discuss the reparative and regenerative role of Treg with a particular focus on blood vessels and cardiac tissues. Last but not least, we will describe the ongoing clinical trials with Treg in the treatment of autoimmune diseases that could give clinically relevant insights into the development of Treg therapy targeting tissue repair and regeneration.
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20
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Cai S, Chandraker A. Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:71-80. [PMID: 31161989 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190603103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. Current immunosuppressive drugs have two major limitations: 1) non antigen specificity, which increases the risk of cancer and infection diseases, and 2) chronic toxicity. Cell therapy appears to be an innovative and promising strategy to minimize the use of immunosuppression in transplantation and to improve long-term graft survival. Preclinical studies have shown efficacy and safety of using various suppressor cells, such as regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Recent clinical trials using cellbased therapies in solid organ transplantation also hold out the promise of improving efficacy. In this review, we will briefly go over the rejection process, current immunosuppressive drugs, and the potential therapeutic use of regulatory cells in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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21
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Lee GA, Liao NS. CD8 +CD122 + T cell homeostasis is controlled by different levels of IL-15 trans-presentation. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:514-517. [PMID: 32616380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of CD8+CD122+ T cell requires IL-15 trans-presentation. We use Il15ra mutant mice and bone marrow chimeras to assess the role of IL-15 trans-presentation level in CD8+CD122+ T cells homeostasis. We demonstrate that CD8+CD122+ T cells require different levels of IL-15 trans-presentation to support their homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Aaron Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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The Traditional Chinese Medicine Fufang Shatai Heji (STHJ) Enhances Immune Function in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3849847. [PMID: 32063984 PMCID: PMC6998758 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3849847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fufang Shatai Heji (STHJ) is a mixture of traditional Chinese medicines, such as Radix Adenophorae, Radix Pseudostellariae, and Radix Astragali. STHJ is commonly used to treat diseases caused by low immune function, for example, Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The primary objective of this study was to assess the immunopotentiating effect of STHJ using an immunosuppressive mouse model receiving cyclophosphamide (CTX). Following CTX treatment, STHJ was administered by oral gavage for 30 consecutive days. The percentage of specific lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen was measured by flow cytometry. Levels of inflammatory factors in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The administration of STHJ significantly elevated thymus and spleen indices, increased B cell and natural killer (NK) cell activities, and decreased CD8+ T, CD8+CD122+ T, NKT, and γδT cell activities in the CTX-treated mice. In addition, STHJ upregulated the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and downregulated IL-10 expression in CTX-treated mice. In conclusion, STHJ effectively remitted CTX-induced immunosuppression by modulating the balance of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines. Our results suggest STHJ treatment could be used as an effective therapeutic approach to improve immune function in patients with low immunity.
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Satake K, Amano T, Okamoto T. Calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate synergistically enhances the balance between regulatory and proinflammatory T cells in a murine psoriasis model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16322. [PMID: 31705000 PMCID: PMC6841938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A topical medication combining calcipotriol (Cal) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) has proven effective in a number of randomized controlled trials performed in patients with psoriasis, but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether the combination of Cal and BDP (Cal/BDP) in this topical medication had a synergistic effect on psoriasis-like dermatitis and explored the underlying immunological mechanisms in a murine psoriasis model induced by application of imiquimod. Cal/BDP synergistically inhibited ear thickening induced by imiquimod compared to monotherapy with either Cal or BDP. In addition, Cal/BDP significantly suppressed the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17-producing T (T17) pathogenic axis, including expression of IL-17a, IL-23a, IL-22 and TNF-α mRNA in skin lesions and expansion of CCR6+ γδ T17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. Notably, Cal/BDP synergistically induced regulatory CD8+ T cells and also improved the balance between regulatory CD8+ or CD4+ T cells and proinflammatory CCR6+ γδ T17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. These results suggest synergistic anti-psoriatic activity of Cal/BDP with normalization of the imbalance between regulatory CD8+ or CD4+ T cells and proinflammatory CCR6+ γδ T17 cells, which contributes to successful control of psoriasis by Cal-BDP combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Satake
- R&D division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan.
| | - Toru Amano
- R&D division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Tadao Okamoto
- Medical Affairs Department, LEO Pharma K.K., 1-105, Kanda Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0051, Japan
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24
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhang X, Yu S, Wen D, Hu Q, Ye Y, Bomba H, Hu X, Liu Z, Dotti G, Gu Z. In situ formed reactive oxygen species-responsive scaffold with gemcitabine and checkpoint inhibitor for combination therapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/429/eaan3682. [PMID: 29467299 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with low-immunogenic tumors respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Conversely, patients responding to ICB can experience various side effects. We have thus engineered a therapeutic scaffold that, when formed in situ, allows the local release of gemcitabine (GEM) and an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody (aPDL1) with distinct release kinetics. The scaffold consists of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable hydrogel that releases therapeutics in a programmed manner within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains abundant ROS. We found that the aPDL1-GEM scaffold elicits an immunogenic tumor phenotype and promotes an immune-mediated tumor regression in the tumor-bearing mice, with prevention of tumor recurrence after primary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hunter Bomba
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. .,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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25
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Anoveros-Barrera A, Bhullar AS, Stretch C, Dunichand-Hoedl AR, Martins KJB, Rieger A, Bigam D, McMullen T, Bathe OF, Putman CT, Field CJ, Baracos VE, Mazurak VC. Immunohistochemical phenotyping of T cells, granulocytes, and phagocytes in the muscle of cancer patients: association with radiologically defined muscle mass and gene expression. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:24. [PMID: 31521204 PMCID: PMC6744687 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a recognized contributor to muscle wasting. Research in injury and myopathy suggests that interactions between the skeletal muscle and immune cells confer a pro-inflammatory environment that influences muscle loss through several mechanisms; however, this has not been explored in the cancer setting. This study investigated the local immune environment of the muscle by identifying the phenotype of immune cell populations in the muscle and their relationship to muscle mass in cancer patients. METHODS Intraoperative muscle biopsies were collected from cancer patients (n = 30, 91% gastrointestinal malignancies). Muscle mass was assessed histologically (muscle fiber cross-sectional area, CSA; μm2) and radiologically (lumbar skeletal muscle index, SMI; cm2/m2 by computed tomography, CT). T cells (CD4 and CD8) and granulocytes/phagocytes (CD11b, CD14, and CD15) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis was conducted in the muscle of a second cancer patient cohort. RESULTS T cells (CD3+), granulocytes/phagocytes (CD11b+), and CD3-CD4+ cells were identified. Muscle fiber CSA (μm2) was positively correlated (Spearman's r = > 0.45; p = < 0.05) with the total number of T cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells and granulocytes/phagocytes. In addition, patients with the smallest SMI exhibited fewer CD8 T cells within their muscle. Consistent with this, further exploration with gene correlation analyses suggests that the presence of CD8 T cells is negatively associated (Pearson's r = ≥ 0.5; p = <0.0001) with key genes within muscle catabolic pathways for signaling (ACVR2B), ubiquitin proteasome (FOXO4, TRIM63, FBXO32, MUL1, UBC, UBB, UBE2L3), and apoptosis/autophagy (CASP8, BECN1, ATG13, SIVA1). CONCLUSION The skeletal muscle immune environment of cancer patients is comprised of immune cell populations from the adaptive and innate immunity. Correlations of T cells, granulocyte/phagocytes, and CD3-CD4+ cells with muscle mass measurements indicate a positive relationship between immune cell numbers and muscle mass status in cancer patients. Further exploration with gene correlation analyses suggests that the presence of CD8 T cells is negatively correlated with components of muscle catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Anoveros-Barrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Amritpal S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Cynthia Stretch
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abha R Dunichand-Hoedl
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Karen J B Martins
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Aja Rieger
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Bigam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Todd McMullen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Department of Oncology and Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles T Putman
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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26
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Gene expression profile of human T cells following a single stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 antibodies. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:593. [PMID: 31324145 PMCID: PMC6642599 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-CD3 immunotherapy was initially approved for clinical use for renal transplantation rejection prevention. Subsequently, new generations of anti-CD3 antibodies have entered clinical trials for a broader spectrum of therapeutic applications, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Despite their extensive use, little is known about the exact mechanism of these molecules, except that they are able to activate T cells, inducing an overall immunoregulatory and tolerogenic behavior. To better understand the effects of anti-CD3 antibodies on human T cells, PBMCs were stimulated, and then, we performed RNA-seq assays of enriched T cells to assess changes in their gene expression profiles. In this study, three different anti-CD3 antibodies were used for the stimulation: two recombinant antibody fragments, namely, a humanized and a chimeric FvFc molecule, and the prototype mouse mAb OKT3. Results Gene Ontology categories and individual immunoregulatory markers were compared, suggesting a similarity in modulated gene sets, mainly those for immunoregulatory and inflammatory terms. Upregulation of interleukin receptors, such as IL2RA, IL1R, IL12RB2, IL18R1, IL21R and IL23R, and of inhibitory molecules, such as FOXP3, CTLA4, TNFRSF18, LAG3 and PDCD1, were also observed, suggesting an inhibitory and exhausted phenotype. Conclusions We used a deep transcriptome sequencing method for comparing three anti-CD3 antibodies in terms of Gene Ontology enrichment and immunological marker expression. The present data showed that both recombinant antibodies induced a compatible expression profile, suggesting that they might be candidates for a closer evaluation with respect to their therapeutic value. Moreover, the proposed methodology is amenable to be more generally applied for molecular comparison of cell receptor dependent antibody therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5967-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Demars A, Lison A, Machelart A, Van Vyve M, Potemberg G, Vanderwinden JM, De Bolle X, Letesson JJ, Muraille E. Route of Infection Strongly Impacts the Host-Pathogen Relationship. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1589. [PMID: 31354728 PMCID: PMC6637429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines play a key role in the control of many human and animal pathogens. Their rational development is usually helped by identification of the reservoir of infection, the lymphoid subpopulations associated with protective immunity as well as the virulence genes involved in pathogen persistence. Here, we compared the course of Brucella melitensis infection in C57BL/6 mice infected via intraperitoneal (i.p.), intranasal (i.n.) and intradermal (i.d.) route and demonstrated that the route of infection strongly impacts all of these parameters. Following i.p. and i.n. infection, most infected cells observed in the spleen or lung were F4/80+ myeloid cells. In striking contrast, infected Ly6G+ neutrophils and CD140a+ fibroblasts were also observed in the skin after i.d. infection. The virB operon encoding for the type IV secretion system is considered essential to deflecting vacuolar trafficking in phagocytic cells and allows Brucella to multiply and persist. Unexpectedly, the ΔvirB Brucella strain, which does not persist in the lung after i.n. infection, persists longer in skin tissues than the wild strain after i.d. infection. While the CD4+ T cell-mediated Th1 response is indispensable to controlling the Brucella challenge in the i.p. model, it is dispensable for the control of Brucella in the i.d. and i.n. models. Similarly, B cells are indispensable in the i.p. and i.d. models but dispensable in the i.n. model. γδ+ T cells appear able to compensate for the absence of αβ+ T cells in the i.d. model but not in the other models. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial importance of the route of infection for the host pathogen relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurore Lison
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Margaux Van Vyve
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Georges Potemberg
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier De Bolle
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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D'Alessio FR, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. Reparative T lymphocytes in organ injury. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2608-2618. [PMID: 31259743 DOI: 10.1172/jci124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute organ injuries such as acute cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and others are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Dysregulated or insufficient organ repair mechanisms limit restoration of homeostasis and contribute to chronic organ failure. Studies reveal that both humans and mice harness potent non-stem cells that are capable of directly or indirectly promoting tissue repair. Specific populations of T lymphocytes have emerged as important reparative cells with context-specific actions. These T cells can resolve inflammation and secrete reparative cytokines and growth factors as well as interact with other immune and stromal cells to promote the complex and active process of tissue repair. This Review focuses on the major populations of T lymphocytes known to mediate tissue repair, their reparative mechanisms, and the diseases in which they have been implicated. Elucidating and harnessing the mechanisms that promote the reparative functions of these T cells could greatly improve organ dysfunction after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna T Kurzhagen
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liu H, Qiu F, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Liu C, Chen Y, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Han L, Dai Z. CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs Synergize With Costimulatory Blockade of CD40/CD154, but Not B7/CD28, to Prolong Murine Allograft Survival. Front Immunol 2019; 10:306. [PMID: 30863408 PMCID: PMC6399415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A transplanted organ is always rejected in the absence of any immunosuppressive treatment due to vigorous alloimmunity. However, continuously global immunosuppression with a conventional immunosuppressant may result in severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity, tumors and infections. Tregs have been widely used to inhibit allograft rejection, especially in animal models. However, it's well accepted that administration of Tregs alone is not satisfactory in immune-competent wild-type animals. Therefore, it's imperative to promote Treg therapies under the cover of other approaches, including costimulatory blockade. In the present study, we demonstrated that administration of in vitro-expanded CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs synergized with costimulatory blockade of CD40/CD154, but not B7/CD28, to prolong skin allograft survival in wild-type mice and to reduce cellular infiltration in skin allografts as well. Treg treatment and blockade of CD40/CD154, but not B7/CD28, also exhibited an additive effect on suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in skin allografts. Importantly, blocking B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulation decreased the number of transferred CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs and their expression of IL-10 in recipient mice. Furthermore, it's B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulatory blockade that dramatically reduced IL-10 production by CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in vitro, suggesting that B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulation is critical for their production of IL-10. Indeed, infusion of IL-10-deficient CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs failed to synergize with anti-CD154 Ab treatment to further prolong allograft survival. Our data may explain why blocking B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway does not boost IL-10-dependent Treg suppression of alloimmunity. Thus, these findings could be implicated in clinical organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Elizondo DM, Andargie TE, Haddock NL, da Silva RLL, de Moura TR, Lipscomb MW. IL-10 producing CD8 + CD122 + PD-1 + regulatory T cells are expanded by dendritic cells silenced for Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:123-130. [PMID: 30512224 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0118-010rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (AIF1) is a cytoplasmic scaffold protein that contains Ca2+ binding EF-hand and PDZ interaction domains important for mediating intracellular signaling complexes in immune cells. The protein plays a dominant role in both macrophage- and dendritic cell (DC)-mediated inflammatory responses. This study now reports that AIF1 expression in DC is important in directing CD8+ T cell effector responses. Silencing AIF1 expression in murine CD11c+ DC suppressed antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activation, marked by reduced CXCR3, IFNγ and Granzyme B expression, and restrained proliferation. These primed CD8+ T cells had impaired cytotoxic killing of target cells in vitro. In turn, studies identified that AIF1 silencing in DC robustly expanded IL-10 producing CD8+ CD122+ PD-1+ regulatory T cells that suppressed neighboring immune effector responses through both IL-10 and PD-1-dependent mechanisms. In vivo studies recapitulated bystander suppression of antigen-responsive CD4+ T cells by the CD8+ Tregs expanded from the AIF1 silenced DC. These studies further demonstrate that AIF1 expression in DC serves as a potent governor of cognate T cell responses and present a novel target for engineering tolerogenic DC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi L Haddock
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ricardo L Louzada da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe-Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe-Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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31
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Tomić S, Ilić N, Kokol V, Gruden-Movsesijan A, Mihajlović D, Bekić M, Sofronić-Milosavljević L, Čolić M, Vučević D. Functionalization-dependent effects of cellulose nanofibrils on tolerogenic mechanisms of human dendritic cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6941-6960. [PMID: 30464452 PMCID: PMC6217907 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s183510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are attractive nanomaterials for various biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and biomimetic properties. However, their immunoregulatory properties are insufficiently investigated, especially in relation to their functionalization, which could cause problems during their clinical application. Methods Using a model of human dendritic cells (DC), which have a central role in the regulation of immune response, we investigated how differentially functionalized CNF, ie, native (n) CNF, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl radical-oxidized (c) CNF, and 3-aminopropylphosphoric acid-functionalized (APAc) CNF, affect DC properties, their viability, morphology, differentiation and maturation potential, and the capacity to regulate T cell-mediated immune response. Results Nontoxic doses of APAcCNF displayed the strongest inhibitory effects on DC differentiation, maturation, and T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 polarization capacity, followed by cCNF and nCNF, respectively. These results correlated with a specific pattern of regulatory cytokines production by APAcCNF-DC and their increased capacity to induce suppressive CD8+CD25+IL-10+ regulatory T cells in immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-3- and ILT-4- dependent manner. In contrast, nCNF-DC induced predominantly suppressive CD4+CD25hiFoxP3hi regulatory T cells in indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1-dependent manner. Different tolerogenic properties of CNF correlated with their size and APA functionalization, as well as with different expression of CD209 and actin bundles at the place of contact with CNF. Conclusion The capacity to induce different types of DC-mediated tolerogenic immune responses by functionalized CNF opens new perspectives for their application as well-tolerated nanomaterials in tissue engineering and novel platforms for the therapy of inflammatory T cell-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, .,Institute for Medical Research, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Nataša Ilić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Vanja Kokol
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Institute for Medical Research, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | | | - Miodrag Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, .,Institute for Medical Research, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia, .,Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Institute for Medical Research, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Ratajczak W, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Immunological memory cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:194-203. [PMID: 30135633 PMCID: PMC6102609 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews immunological memory cells, currently represented by T and B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which determine a rapid and effective response against a second encounter with the same antigen. Among T lymphocytes, functions of memory cells are provided by their subsets: central memory, effector memory, tissue-resident memory, regulatory memory and stem memory T cells. Memory T and B lymphocytes have an essential role in the immunity against microbial pathogens but are also involved in autoimmunity and maternal-fetal tolerance. Furthermore, the evidence of immunological memory has been established for NK cells. NK cells can respond to haptens or viruses, which results in generation of antigen-specific memory cells. T, B and NK cells, which have a role in immunological memory, have been characterized phenotypically and functionally. During the secondary immune response, these cells are involved in the reaction against foreign antigens, including pathogens, and take part in autoimmune diseases, but also are crucial to immunological tolerance and vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ratajczak
- Scientific Circle of Microbiologists, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Beata Tokarz-Deptuła
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Zeng W, Liu X, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Yu T, Fu S, Li X, Zhang J, Zhang S, Ma X, Liu XR, Qin X, Khanniche A, Zhang Y, Tian F, Lin Y. Deep Surveying of the Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Signatures for Decidual CD8 + T Cells at the First Trimester of Human Healthy Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 29780389 PMCID: PMC5946033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidual CD8+ (dCD8) T cells have been proposed to play important roles in immune protection against the invading pathogens and in tolerance toward the growing semi-allogeneic fetus during early pregnancy. However, their phenotypic and functional characteristics remain poorly defined. Here, we performed the first analysis of the transcriptional and alternative splicing (AS) signatures for human first-trimester dCD8 T cells using high-throughput mRNA sequencing. Our data revealed that dCD8 T cells have distinct transcriptional and AS landscapes when compared with their autologous peripheral blood CD8+ (pCD8) T counterparts. Furthermore, human dCD8 T cells were observed to contain CD8-Treg and effector-memory T-cell subsets, and display enhanced functionality in terms of degranulation and cytokine production on a per-cell basis. Additionally, we have identified the novel splice junctions that use a high ratio of the non-canonical splicing motif GC-AG and found that AS is not a major contributor to the gene expression-level changes between paired pCD8 and dCD8 T cells. Together, our findings not only provide a comprehensive framework of the transcriptional and AS landscapes but also reveal the functional feature of human dCD8 T cells, which are of great importance in understanding the biology of these cells and the physiology of human healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zeng
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Out-Patient Operatingroom, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaliu Fu
- School of Life Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Asma Khanniche
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Suppression of allograft rejection by CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs is dictated by their Fas ligand-initiated killing of effector T cells versus Fas-mediated own apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24187-24195. [PMID: 28445940 PMCID: PMC5421838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that naturally occurring CD8+CD122+ T cells are regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppress both autoimmunity and alloimmunity. We have previously shown that CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs not only suppress allograft rejection, but also are more potent in suppression than conventional CD4+CD25+ Tregs. However, the mechanisms underlying their suppression of alloimmunity are not well understood. In an adoptive T-cell transfer model of mice lacking lymphocytes, we found that suppression of skin allograft rejection by CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs was mostly dependent on their expression of Fas ligand as either lacking Fas ligand or blocking it with antibodies largely abolished their suppression of allograft rejection mediated by transferred T cells. Their suppression was also mostly reversed when effector T cells lacked Fas receptor. Indeed, these FasL+ Tregs induced T cell apoptosis in vitro in a Fas/FasL-dependent manner. However, their suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro was dependent on IL-10, but not FasL expression. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs significantly extended allograft survival even in wild-type mice if Tregs lacked Fas receptor or if recipients received recombinant IL-15, as these two measures synergistically expanded adoptively-transferred Tregs in recipients. Thus, this study may have important implications for Treg therapies in clinical transplantation.
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35
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Lu C, Liu H, Jin X, Chen Y, Liang CL, Qiu F, Dai Z. Herbal Components of a Novel Formula PSORI-CM02 Interdependently Suppress Allograft Rejection and Induce CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Regulatory T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 29483872 PMCID: PMC5816027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recipient usually rejects a transplanted organ and thus needs immunosuppressive treatments to prevent rejection. Achieving long-term allograft survival without continuous global immunosuppression is highly desirable in transplantation as long-term immunosuppression causes various side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to search for medicine with potentially less side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine PSORI-CM01 (Yin Xie Ling), a formula with seven natural herbs, has been used to treat patients with psoriasis. Here, we investigated a “sharpened” formula, PSORI-CM02 consisting of only five herbs from PSORI-CM01: Curcumae rhizoma, Radix paeoniae rubra, Rhizoma smilacis glabrae, Mume fructus, and Sarcandrae herba. We examined whether or not PSORI-CM02 would suppress alloimmunity and found that PSORI-CM02 significantly inhibited murine skin allograft rejection and reduced graft-infiltration of CD3+ T cells. Interestingly, omitting any single herbal component rendered the whole formula ineffective in suppression, indicating that these herbal components exert their effects cooperatively as a whole. Moreover, PSORI-CM02 increased CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Treg frequency with CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs remaining unchanged in recipient mice, whereas CsA reduced CD4+FoxP3+ Treg frequency. PSORI-CM02 also hindered CD11c+ DC maturation posttransplantation. Importantly, PSORI-CM02-induced CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs were more potent in suppression of allograft rejection in Rag-/- mice than control Tregs. On the other hand, PSORI-CM02 suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and reduced their phosphorylation of P70S6K and P50/P65, suggesting that it inhibits both mTOR and NFκB signaling pathways. It also increased IL-10 production while reducing IFNγ level in the supernatant of activated T cells co-cultured with CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs. Furthermore, HPLC fingerprinting ruled out that PSORI-CM02 contained CsA or rapamycin. PSORI-CM02 also did not cause any illness and toxic injury in recipient mice. Thus, we demonstrate that PSORI-CM02 formula suppresses allograft rejection without toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Lu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Bézie S, Meistermann D, Boucault L, Kilens S, Zoppi J, Autrusseau E, Donnart A, Nerrière-Daguin V, Bellier-Waast F, Charpentier E, Duteille F, David L, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. Ex Vivo Expanded Human Non-Cytotoxic CD8 +CD45RC low/- Tregs Efficiently Delay Skin Graft Rejection and GVHD in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2014. [PMID: 29445370 PMCID: PMC5797797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs play a critical role in the control of immune responses and immune tolerance; however, our understanding of CD8+ Tregs is limited while they are particularly promising for therapeutic application. We report here existence of highly suppressive human CD8+CD45RClow/− Tregs expressing Foxp3 and producing IFNγ, IL-10, IL-34, and TGFβ to mediate their suppressive activity. We demonstrate that total CD8+CD45RClow/− Tregs can be efficiently expanded in the presence of anti-CD3/28 mAbs, high-dose IL-2 and IL-15 and that such expanded Tregs efficiently delay GVHD and human skin transplantation rejection in immune humanized mice. Robustly expanded CD8+ Tregs displayed a specific gene signature, upregulated cytokines and expansion in the presence of rapamycin greatly improved proliferation and suppression. We show that CD8+CD45RClow/− Tregs are equivalent to canonical CD4+CD25highCD127low/− Tregs for suppression of allogeneic immune responses in vitro. Altogether, our results open new perspectives to tolerogenic strategies in human solid organ transplantation and GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Meistermann
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N) UMR6004, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Boucault
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Kilens
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johanna Zoppi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Autrusseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Donnart
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Nerrière-Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | | | - Eric Charpentier
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Duteille
- Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice et Esthétique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM UMS 016, SFR Francois Bonamy, iPSC core facility, CNRS UMS 3556, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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Zhong H, Liu Y, Xu Z, Liang P, Yang H, Zhang X, Zhao J, Chen J, Fu S, Tang Y, Lv J, Wang J, Olsen N, Xu A, Zheng SG. TGF-β-Induced CD8 +CD103 + Regulatory T Cells Show Potent Therapeutic Effect on Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Lupus by Suppressing B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:35. [PMID: 29441062 PMCID: PMC5797539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is one of most severe complications of systemic erythematosus lupus and current approaches are not curative for lupus nephritis. Although CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for prevention of autoimmunity, the therapeutic effect of these cells on lupus nephritis is not satisfactory. We previously reported that CD8+CD103+ Treg induced ex vivo with TGF-β1 and IL-2 (CD8+CD103+ iTreg), regardless of Foxp3 expression, displayed potent immunosuppressive effect on Th cell response and had therapeutic effect on Th cell-mediated colitis. Here, we tested whether CD8+CD103+ iTreg can ameliorate lupus nephritis and determined potential molecular mechanisms. Adoptive transfer of CD8+CD103+ iTreg but not control cells to chronic graft-versus-host disease with a typical lupus syndrome showed decreased levels of autoantibodies and proteinuria, reduced renal pathological lesions, lowered renal deposition of IgG/C3, and improved survival. CD8+CD103+ iTreg cells suppressed not only T helper cells but also B cell responses directly that may involve in both TGF-β and IL-10 signals. Using RNA-seq, we demonstrated CD8+CD103+ iTreg have its own unique expression profiles of transcription factors. Thus, current study has identified and extended the target cells of CD8+CD103+ iTreg and provided a possible application of this new iTreg subset on lupus nephritis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliate Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenjian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliate Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliate Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Qiu F, Liu H, Liang CL, Nie GD, Dai Z. A New Immunosuppressive Molecule Emodin Induces both CD4 +FoxP3 + and CD8 +CD122 + Regulatory T Cells and Suppresses Murine Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1519. [PMID: 29167674 PMCID: PMC5682309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to vigorous alloimmunity, an allograft is usually rejected without any conventional immunosuppressive treatment. However, continuous global immunosuppression may cause severe side effects, including tumors and infections. Mounting evidence has shown that cyclosporine (CsA), a common immunosuppressant used in clinic, impedes allograft tolerance by dampening regulatory T cells (Tregs), although it inhibits allograft rejection at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to seek an alternative immunosuppressive drug that spares Tregs with high efficiency in suppression but low toxicity. In this study, we investigated the capacity of emodin, an anthraquinone molecule originally extracted from certain natural plants, to prolong transplant survival in a mouse model and explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its action. We found that emodin significantly extended skin allograft survival and hindered CD3+ T cell infiltration in the allograft, accompanied by an increase in CD4+Foxp3+ and CD8+CD122+ Treg frequencies and numbers but a reduction in effector CD8+CD44highCD62Llow T cells in recipient mice. Emodin also inhibited effector CD8+ T cells proliferation in vivo. However, CD4+CD25+, but not CD8+CD122+, Tregs derived from emodin-treated recipients were more potent in suppression of allograft rejection than those isolated from control recipients, suggesting that emodin also enhances the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Interestingly, depleting CD25+ Tregs largely reversed skin allograft survival prolonged by emodin while depleting CD122+ Tregs only partially abrogated the same allograft survival. Furthermore, we found that emodin hindered dendritic cell (DC) maturation and reduced alloantibody production posttransplantation. Finally, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited in vitro proliferation of T cells and blocked their mTOR signaling as well. Therefore, emodin may be a novel mTOR inhibitor that suppresses alloimmunity by inducing both CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD122+ Tregs, suppressing alloantibody production, and hindering DC maturation. Thus, emodin is a newly emerging immunosuppressant and could be utilized in clinical transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Golay D Nie
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Satooka H, Nagakubo D, Sato T, Hirata T. The ERM Protein Moesin Regulates CD8 + Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis and Self-Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3418-3426. [PMID: 28978692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins that link membrane proteins with actin filaments in the cell cortex and regulate many cellular processes, including cell shape determination, membrane transport, and signal transduction. Lymphocytes predominantly express two ERM members, ezrin and moesin. Mutations in the moesin gene in humans are associated with primary immunodeficiency with profound lymphopenia, and moesin-deficient mice exhibit a similar lymphopenia phenotype. In this study, we show that aging moesin-deficient mice develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune phenotype, which is characterized by elevated serum autoantibody levels and glomerulonephritis. Younger moesin-deficient mice exhibited elevated basal levels of several Ig isotypes and enhanced Ab affinity maturation upon immunization. Germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells spontaneously accumulated in unimmunized mice, and CD8+CD44+CD122+Ly49+ regulatory T (CD8+ Tregs) cells, which inhibit the expansion of follicular helper T cells, were severely reduced in these mice. Isolated CD8+ Treg cells from moesin-deficient mice showed impaired proliferation in response to IL-15, which was accompanied by defects in STAT5 activation and IL-15Rα internalization, suggesting that moesin plays a key role in IL-15-mediated signaling. These findings underscore the importance of moesin in IL-15-dependent CD8+ Treg cell homeostasis and, thus, the control of self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; and
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Chinese medicine Ginseng and Astragalus granules ameliorate autoimmune diabetes by upregulating both CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD122+PD1+ regulatory T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60201-60209. [PMID: 28947964 PMCID: PMC5601132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease mainly mediated by effector T cells that are activated by autoantigen, thereby resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islets and deficiency of insulin. Cyclosporine is widely used as an immunosuppressant that suppresses autoimmunity in clinic. However, continuous treatments with conventional immunosuppressive drugs may cause severe side effects. Therefore it is important to seek alternative medicine. Chinese medicine Ginseng and Astragalus granule (GAG) was used to successfully treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinic in China. Here we found that GAG ameliorated T1DM in autoimmune NOD mice by increasing the level of insulin and reducing the level of blood glucose. Treatments with both GAG and CsA further decreased the blood glucose level. Moreover, GAG increased both CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Treg numbers in both spleens and lymph nodes of NOD mice. In particular, GAG could reverse a decline in CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs resulted from CsA treatments. The percentage of effector/memory CD8+ T cells (CD44highCD62Llow) was significantly reduced by GAG, especially in the presence of low-doses of CsA. Histopathology also showed that GAG attenuated cellular infiltration and lowered CD3+ T cell numbers around and in islets. Thus, we demonstrated that GAG ameliorated autoimmune T1DM by upregulating both CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs while GAG synergized with CsA to further suppress autoimmunity and T1DM by reversing the decline in CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs resulted from CsA treatments. This study may have important clinical implications for the treatment of T1DM using traditional Chinese medicine.
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P-Selectin preserves immune tolerance in mice and is reduced in human cutaneous lupus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41841. [PMID: 28150814 PMCID: PMC5288776 DOI: 10.1038/srep41841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in P-Selectin presented altered immunity/tolerance balance. We have observed that the absence of P-Selectin promotes splenomegaly with reduced naïve T cell population, elevated activated/effector T cell subset, increased germinal center B and Tfh populations and high production of autoreactive antibodies. Moreover, 1.5-3-month-old P-selectin KO mice showed reduced IL-10-producing leukocytes in blood and a slightly reduced Treg population in the skin. With aging and, coinciding with disease severity, there is an increase in the IL17+ circulating and dermal T cell subpopulations and reduction of dermal Treg. As a consequence, P-Selectin deficient mice developed a progressive autoimmune syndrome showing skin alterations characteristic of lupus prone mice and elevated circulating autoantibodies, including anti-dsDNA. Similar to human SLE, disease pathogenesis was characterized by deposition of immune complexes in the dermoepidermal junction and renal glomeruli, and a complex pattern of autoantibodies. More important, skin biopsies of cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients did not show increased expression of P-Selectin, as described for other inflammatory diseases, and the number of vessels expressing P-Selectin was reduced.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells: Common Traits in Immune Regulation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7121580. [PMID: 27529074 PMCID: PMC4978836 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect host against immune-mediated damage, immune responses are tightly regulated. The regulation of immune responses is mediated by various populations of mature immune cells, such as T regulatory cells and B regulatory cells, but also by immature cells of different origins. In this review, we discuss regulatory properties and mechanisms whereby two distinct populations of immature cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells mediate immune regulation, focusing on their similarities, discrepancies, and potential clinical applications.
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