1
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Humphreys DT, Lewis A, Pan‐Castillo B, Berti G, Mein C, Wozniak E, Gordon H, Gadhok R, Minicozzi A, ChinAleong J, Feakins R, Giannoulatou E, James LK, Stagg AJ, Lindsay JO, Silver A. Single cell sequencing data identify distinct B cell and fibroblast populations in stricturing Crohn's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18344. [PMID: 38685679 PMCID: PMC11058334 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Single cell RNA sequencing of human full thickness Crohn's disease (CD) small bowel resection specimens was used to identify potential therapeutic targets for stricturing (S) CD. Using an unbiased approach, 16 cell lineages were assigned within 14,539 sequenced cells from patient-matched SCD and non-stricturing (NSCD) preparations. SCD and NSCD contained identical cell types. Amongst immune cells, B cells and plasma cells were selectively increased in SCD samples. B cell subsets suggested formation of tertiary lymphoid tissue in SCD and compared with NSCD there was an increase in IgG, and a decrease in IgA plasma cells, consistent with their potential role in CD fibrosis. Two Lumican-positive fibroblast subtypes were identified and subclassified based on expression of selectively enriched genes as fibroblast clusters (C) 12 and C9. Cells within these clusters expressed the profibrotic genes Decorin (C12) and JUN (C9). C9 cells expressed ACTA2; ECM genes COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL6A3, COL18A1 and ADAMDEC1; LAMB1 and GREM1. GO and KEGG Biological terms showed extracellular matrix and stricture organization associated with C12 and C9, and regulation of WNT pathway genes with C9. Trajectory and differential gene analysis of C12 and C9 identified four sub-clusters. Intra sub-cluster gene analysis detected 13 co-regulated gene modules that aligned along predicted pseudotime trajectories. CXCL14 and ADAMDEC1 were key markers in module 1. Our findings support further investigation of fibroblast heterogeneity and interactions with local and circulating immune cells at earlier time points in fibrosis progression. Breaking these interactions by targeting one or other population may improve therapeutic management for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Belen Pan‐Castillo
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Giulio Berti
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Charles Mein
- Genome Centre, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Eva Wozniak
- Genome Centre, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Hannah Gordon
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Radha Gadhok
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Annamaria Minicozzi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of Surgery and Perioperative CareThe Royal London HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Roger Feakins
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Andrew J. Stagg
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - James Oliver Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
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2
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O'Brien CL, Summers KM, Martin NM, Carter-Cusack D, Yang Y, Barua R, Dixit OVA, Hume DA, Pavli P. The relationship between extreme inter-individual variation in macrophage gene expression and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Genet 2024; 143:233-261. [PMID: 38421405 PMCID: PMC11043138 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The differentiation of resident intestinal macrophages from blood monocytes depends upon signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF1R). Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicates that dysregulation of macrophage differentiation and response to microorganisms contributes to susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we analyzed transcriptomic variation in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from affected and unaffected sib pairs/trios from 22 IBD families and 6 healthy controls. Transcriptional network analysis of the data revealed no overall or inter-sib distinction between affected and unaffected individuals in basal gene expression or the temporal response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the basal or LPS-inducible expression of individual genes varied independently by as much as 100-fold between subjects. Extreme independent variation in the expression of pairs of HLA-associated transcripts (HLA-B/C, HLA-A/F and HLA-DRB1/DRB5) in macrophages was associated with HLA genotype. Correlation analysis indicated the downstream impacts of variation in the immediate early response to LPS. For example, variation in early expression of IL1B was significantly associated with local SNV genotype and with subsequent peak expression of target genes including IL23A, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL8 and NLRP3. Similarly, variation in early IFNB1 expression was correlated with subsequent expression of IFN target genes. Our results support the view that gene-specific dysregulation in macrophage adaptation to the intestinal milieu is associated with genetic susceptibility to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L O'Brien
- Centre for Research in Therapeutics Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalia M Martin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dylan Carter-Cusack
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasel Barua
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ojas V A Dixit
- Centre for Research in Therapeutics Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul Pavli
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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3
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Zogorean R, Wirtz S. The yin and yang of B cells in a constant state of battle: intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260266. [PMID: 37849749 PMCID: PMC10577428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, defined by a clinical relapse-remitting course. Affecting people worldwide, the origin of IBD is still undefined, arising as a consequence of the interaction between genes, environment, and microbiota. Although the root cause is difficult to identify, data clearly indicate that dysbiosis and pathogenic microbial taxa are connected with the establishment and clinical course of IBD. The composition of the microbiota is shaped by plasma cell IgA secretion and binding, while cytokines such as IL10 or IFN-γ are important fine-tuners of the immune response in the gastrointestinal environment. B cells may also influence the course of inflammation by promoting either an anti-inflammatory or a pro-inflammatory milieu. Here, we discuss IgA-producing B regulatory cells as an anti-inflammatory factor in intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we specify the context of IgA and IgG as players that can potentially participate in mucosal inflammation. Finally, we discuss the role of B cells in mouse infection models where IL10, IgA, or IgG contribute to the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Zogorean
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
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4
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Chen J, Liu J, Wu J, Tan H, Mi Z, Rong P. Controversial role of ILC3s in intestinal diseases: A novelty perspective on immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134636. [PMID: 37063879 PMCID: PMC10090672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ILC3s have been identified as crucial immune regulators that play a role in maintaining host homeostasis and modulating the antitumor response. Emerging evidence supports the idea that LTi cells play an important role in initiating lymphoid tissue development, while other ILC3s can promote host defense and orchestrate adaptive immunity, mainly through the secretion of specific cytokines and crosstalk with other immune cells or tissues. Additionally, dysregulation of ILC3-mediated overexpression of cytokines, changes in subset abundance, and conversion toward other ILC subsets are closely linked with the occurrence of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Regulation of ILC3 cytokines, ILC conversion and LTi-induced TLSs may be a novel strategy for treating tumors and intestinal or extraintestinal inflammatory diseases. Herein, we discuss the development of ILCs, the biology of ILC3s, ILC plasticity, the correlation of ILC3s and adaptive immunity, crosstalk with the intestinal microenvironment, controversial roles of ILC3s in intestinal diseases and potential applications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Department of Government & Public Administration, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongpei Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ze Mi, ; Pengfei Rong,
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5
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Frede A, Czarnewski P, Monasterio G, Tripathi KP, Bejarano DA, Ramirez Flores RO, Sorini C, Larsson L, Luo X, Geerlings L, Novella-Rausell C, Zagami C, Kuiper R, Morales RA, Castillo F, Hunt M, Mariano LL, Hu YOO, Engblom C, Lennon-Duménil AM, Mittenzwei R, Westendorf AM, Hövelmeyer N, Lundeberg J, Saez-Rodriguez J, Schlitzer A, Das S, Villablanca EJ. B cell expansion hinders the stroma-epithelium regenerative cross talk during mucosal healing. Immunity 2022; 55:2336-2351.e12. [PMID: 36462502 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic promotion of intestinal regeneration holds great promise, but defining the cellular mechanisms that influence tissue regeneration remains an unmet challenge. To gain insight into the process of mucosal healing, we longitudinally examined the immune cell composition during intestinal damage and regeneration. B cells were the dominant cell type in the healing colon, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed expansion of an IFN-induced B cell subset during experimental mucosal healing that predominantly located in damaged areas and associated with colitis severity. B cell depletion accelerated recovery upon injury, decreased epithelial ulceration, and enhanced gene expression programs associated with tissue remodeling. scRNA-seq from the epithelial and stromal compartments combined with spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunostaining showed that B cells decreased interactions between stromal and epithelial cells during mucosal healing. Activated B cells disrupted the epithelial-stromal cross talk required for organoid survival. Thus, B cell expansion during injury impairs epithelial-stromal cell interactions required for mucosal healing, with implications for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Frede
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar P Tripathi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Bejarano
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Chiara Sorini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Larsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Geerlings
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudio Novella-Rausell
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Zagami
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Aquatic Biosecurity Research, Elisabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway; Core Facility for Morphologic Phenotype Analysis, Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo A Morales
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hunt
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yue O O Hu
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Engblom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Romy Mittenzwei
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Srustidhar Das
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Gomez-Nguyen A, Gupta N, Sanaka H, Gruszka D, Pizarro A, DiMartino L, Basson A, Menghini P, Osme A, DeSalvo C, Pizarro T, Cominelli F. Chronic stress induces colonic tertiary lymphoid organ formation and protection against secondary injury through IL-23/IL-22 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208160119. [PMID: 36161939 PMCID: PMC9546604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208160119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress has been previously reported to worsen symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Similarly, intestinal tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are associated with more severe inflammation. While there is active debate about the role of TLOs and stress in IBD pathogenesis, there are no studies investigating TLO formation in the context of psychological stress. Our mouse model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis, the SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mouse, was subjected to 56 consecutive days of restraint stress (RS). Stressed mice had significantly increased colonic TLO formation. However, stress did not significantly increase small or large intestinal inflammation in the SAMP mice. Additionally, 16S analysis of the stressed SAMP microbiome revealed no genus-level changes. Fecal microbiome transplantation into germ-free SAMP mice using stool from unstressed and stressed mice replicated the behavioral phenotype seen in donor mice. However, there was no difference in TLO formation between recipient mice. Stress increased the TLO formation cytokines interleukin-23 (IL-23) and IL-22 followed by up-regulation of antimicrobial peptides. SAMP × IL-23r-/- (knockout [KO]) mice subjected to chronic RS did not have increased TLO formation. Furthermore, IL-23, but not IL-22, production was increased in KO mice, and administration of recombinant IL-22 rescued TLO formation. Following secondary colonic insult with dextran sodium sulfate, stressed mice had reduced colitis on both histology and colonoscopy. Our findings demonstrate that psychological stress induces colonic TLOs through intrinsic alterations in IL-23 signaling, not through extrinsic influence from the microbiome. Furthermore, chronic stress is protective against secondary insult from colitis, suggesting that TLOs may function to improve the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nikhilesh Gupta
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Harsha Sanaka
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Dennis Gruszka
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alaina Pizarro
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Luca DiMartino
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Abigail Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Paola Menghini
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Carlo DeSalvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Theresa Pizarro
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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7
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Sipos F. Colitis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Focus on Isolated Lymphoid Follicles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020226. [PMID: 35203436 PMCID: PMC8869724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is one of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the human body. The subepithelial compartment of the gut consists of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity, non-hematopoietic mesenchymal cells, and stem cells of different origins, and is organized into secondary (and even tertiary) lymphoid organs, such as Peyer's patches, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. The function of isolated lymphoid follicles is multifaceted; they play a role in the development and regeneration of the large intestine and the maintenance of (immune) homeostasis. Isolated lymphoid follicles are also extensively associated with the epithelium and its conventional and non-conventional immune cells; hence, they can also function as a starting point or maintainer of pathological processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal carcinogenesis. These relationships can significantly affect both physiological and pathological processes of the intestines. We aim to provide an overview of the latest knowledge of isolated lymphoid follicles in colonic inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Further studies of these lymphoid organs will likely lead to an extended understanding of how immune responses are initiated and controlled within the large intestine, along with the possibility of creating novel mucosal vaccinations and ways to treat inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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8
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Czepielewski RS, Erlich EC, Onufer EJ, Young S, Saunders BT, Han YH, Wohltmann M, Wang PL, Kim KW, Kumar S, Hsieh CS, Scallan JP, Yang Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Davis MJ, Randolph GJ. Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Wohltmann
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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9
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Brown H, Esterházy D. Intestinal immune compartmentalization: implications of tissue specific determinants in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1259-1270. [PMID: 34211125 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emerging concept of tissue specific immunity has opened the gates to new inquiries into what factors drive immune cell niche adaptation and the implications on immune homeostasis, organ specific immune diseases, and therapeutic efficacy. These issues are particularly complicated at barrier sites, which are directly exposed to an ever-changing environment. In particular, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract faces even further challenges given the profound functional and structural differences along its length, raising the possibility that it may even have to be treated as multiple organs when seeking to answer these questions. In this review, we evaluate what is known about the tissue intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping immune compartments in the intestine. We then discuss the physiological and pathological consequences of a regionally distinct immune system in a single organ, but also discuss where our insight into the role of the compartment for disease development is still very limited. Finally, we discuss the technological and therapeutic implications this compartmentalization has. While the gut is perhaps one of the most intensely studied systems, many of these aspects apply to understanding tissue specific immunity of other organs, most notably other barrier sites such as skin, lung, and the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Brown
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daria Esterházy
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:793-802. [PMID: 33753873 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer's patches of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, and the numerous isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) which are distributed along the length of the intestine. Our current understanding of GALT diversity and function derives primarily from studies in mice, and the relevance of many of these findings to human GALT remains unclear. Here we review our current understanding of human GALT diversity, structure, and composition as well as their potential for regulating intestinal immune responses during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we outline some key remaining questions regarding human GALT, the answers to which will advance our understanding of intestinal immune responses and provide potential opportunities to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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11
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wang L, Xiong Y. Effects of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal immunity in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1109-1121. [PMID: 33576136 PMCID: PMC8016124 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by a complicated pathogenesis, multiple organ failure, and high mortality. The primary aim of the present study was to observe the effect of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal injury and modification in rats with SAP. Male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into: (a) Saline group (SO); (b) SAP group; and (c) SAP + ligation group. We evaluated the effect of mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation on the pancreas and intestine tissue by HE. The histopathology of the pancreas in SAP + ligation rats was alleviated slightly compared with SAP rats, but aggravated in the intestine of SAP + ligation rats. Treatment of mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation resulted in an increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and myeloperoxidase compared with the small intestinal tissues of SAP rats. In addition, the expression of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors 3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and caspase‐1 in the intestine were higher in the SAP + ligation group. The ratio of Th1/Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the SAP group was lower than those in the SAP + ligation group. The present results indicated that ligation of the mesenteric lymph duct can effectively prevent intestinal inflammatory mediators entering the body through the mesenteric lymph duct, but these mediators assembled in the intestine where they induced an excessive immune response and intestinal injury during SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Liu
- College of Comprehensive Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated T.C.M. Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Jørgensen PB, Fenton TM, Mörbe UM, Riis LB, Jakobsen HL, Nielsen OH, Agace WW. Identification, isolation and analysis of human gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2051-2067. [PMID: 33619391 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) comprise key intestinal immune inductive sites, including the Peyer's patches of the small intestine and different types of isolated lymphoid follicle (ILF) found along the length of the gut. Our understanding of human GALT is limited due to a lack of protocols for their isolation. Here we describe a technique that, uniquely among intestinal cell isolation protocols, allows identification and isolation of all human GALT, as well as GALT-free intestinal lamina propria (LP). The technique involves the mechanical separation of intestinal mucosa from the submucosa, allowing the identification and isolation of submucosal ILF (SM-ILF), LP-embedded mucosal ILF (M-ILF) and LP free of contaminating lymphoid tissue. Individual SM-ILF, M-ILF and Peyer's patch follicles can be subsequently digested for downstream cellular and molecular characterization. The technique, which takes 4-10 h, will be useful for researchers interested in intestinal immune development and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Jørgensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Fenton
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Urs M Mörbe
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene B Riis
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik L Jakobsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - William W Agace
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. .,Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Misselwitz B, Wyss A, Raselli T, Cerovic V, Sailer AW, Krupka N, Ruiz F, Pot C, Pabst O. The oxysterol receptor GPR183 in inflammatory bowel diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3140-3156. [PMID: 33145756 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking is an important mechanism for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The oxysterol receptor GPR183 and its ligands, dihydroxylated oxysterols, can mediate positioning of immune cells including innate lymphoid cells. GPR183 has been mapped to an IBD risk locus, however another gene, Ubac2 is encoded on the reverse strand and associated with Behçet's disease, therefore the role of GPR183 as a genetic risk factor requires validation. GPR183 and production of its oxysterol ligands are up-regulated in human IBD and murine colitis. Gpr183 inactivation reduced severity of colitis in group 3 innate lymphoid cells-dependent colitis and in IL-10 colitis but not in dextran sodium sulphate colitis. Irrespectively, Gpr183 knockout strongly reduced accumulation of intestinal lymphoid tissue in health and all colitis models. In conclusion, genetic, translational and experimental studies implicate GPR183 in IBD pathogenesis and GPR183-dependent cell migration might be a therapeutic drug target for IBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Misselwitz
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annika Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ruiz
- Service of Neurology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Service of Neurology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Koscsó B, Kurapati S, Rodrigues RR, Nedjic J, Gowda K, Shin C, Soni C, Ashraf AZ, Purushothaman I, Palisoc M, Xu S, Sun H, Chodisetti SB, Lin E, Mack M, Kawasawa YI, He P, Rahman ZSM, Aifantis I, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Bogunovic M. Gut-resident CX3CR1 hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaax0062. [PMID: 32276965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are composed of heterogeneous dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets necessary for the initiation of immune response and control of inflammation. Although MPs in the normal intestine have been extensively studied, the heterogeneity and function of inflammatory MPs remain poorly defined. We performed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional analyses of inflammatory MPs in infectious Salmonella colitis and identified CX3CR1+ MPs as the most prevalent inflammatory cell type. CX3CR1+ MPs were further divided into three distinct populations, namely, Nos2 +CX3CR1lo, Ccr7 +CX3CR1int (lymph migratory), and Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi (mucosa resident), all of which were transcriptionally aligned with macrophages and derived from monocytes. In follow-up experiments in vivo, intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages were superior to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 in inducing Salmonella-specific mucosal IgA. We next examined spatial organization of the immune response induced by CX3CR1+ macrophage subsets and identified mucosa-resident Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi macrophages as the antigen-presenting cells responsible for recruitment and activation of CD4+ T and B cells to the sites of Salmonella invasion, followed by tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the local pathogen-specific IgA response. Using mice we developed with a floxed Ccr7 allele, we showed that this local IgA response developed independently of migration of the Ccr7 +CX3CR1int population to the mesenteric lymph nodes and contributed to the total mucosal IgA response to infection. The differential activity of intestinal macrophage subsets in promoting mucosal IgA responses should be considered in the development of vaccines to prevent Salmonella infection and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at modulating macrophage function in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Kurapati
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Jelena Nedjic
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kavitha Gowda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Azree Zaffran Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Indira Purushothaman
- PhD Program in Anatomy at Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Milena Bogunovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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15
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Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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16
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Alhouayek M, Ameraoui H, Muccioli GG. Bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases - From pathophysiological alterations to therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158854. [PMID: 33157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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17
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Masi S, Puxeddu I, Blandizzi C. Ectopic Lymphoid Organs and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Molecular Basis for Pharmacological Approaches. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1021-1033. [PMID: 32600794 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result a persistent increase in the expression of several proinflammatory pathways with impaired inflammatory resolution. Ectopic lymphoid organs (ELOs), untypical lymphoid annexes, emerge during chronic inflammation and contribute to the physiopathology of chronic inflammatory disorders. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of ELOs in the progression of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis, and Sjögren syndrome (SSj). The molecular pathways underlying the emergence of ELOs are of interest for the development of novel pharmacological approaches for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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18
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Tashita C, Hoshi M, Hirata A, Nakamoto K, Ando T, Hattori T, Yamamoto Y, Tezuka H, Tomita H, Hara A, Saito K. Kynurenine plays an immunosuppressive role in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfate-induced colitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:918-932. [PMID: 32206003 PMCID: PMC7081011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i9.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation leading to intestinal mucosal damage. Inflammatory bowel disease causes dysregulation of mucosal T cell responses, especially the responses of CD4+ T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase plays an immunosuppressive role in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfate (TNBS)-induced colitis. Although indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase exerts immunosuppressive effects by altering the local concentration of tryptophan (Trp) and immunomodulatory Trp metabolites, the specific changes in immune regulation during colitis caused by Trp metabolites and its related enzymes remain unclear.
AIM To investigate role of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in TNBS-induced colitis and involvement of Trp metabolites in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
METHODS Colitis was induced in eight-week-old male KMO+/+ or KMO−/− mice of C57BL/6N background using TNBS. Three days later, the colon was used for hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological grading, immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence staining for KMO, cytokines, and immune cells. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using quantitative RT-PCR, and kynurenine (Kyn) pathway metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cell proportions of colonic lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry.
RESULTS KMO expression levels in the colonic mononuclear phagocytes, including dendritic cells and macrophages increased upon TNBS induction. Notably, KMO deficiency reduced TNBS-induced colitis, resulting in an increased frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increased mRNA and protein levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10.
CONCLUSION Absence of KMO reduced TNBS-induced colitis via generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by producing Kyn. Thus, Kyn may play a therapeutic role in colon protection during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Tashita
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science, Gifu 501-3892, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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19
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Prokhnevska N, Emerson DA, Kissick HT, Redmond WL. Immunological Complexity of the Prostate Cancer Microenvironment Influences the Response to Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1210:121-147. [PMID: 31900908 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Recent advances in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, including the use of more potent and selective inhibitors of the androgen signaling pathway, have provided significant clinical benefit for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, most patients develop progressive lethal disease, highlighting the need for more effective treatments. One such approach is immunotherapy, which harness the power of the patient's immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells through the activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells specific for tumor antigens. Although immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint blockade, can induce significant clinical responses in patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies, minimal efficacy has been observed in men with mCRPC. In the current review, we discuss our current understanding of the immunological complexity of the immunosuppressive prostate cancer microenvironment, preclinical models of prostate cancer, and recent advances in immunotherapy clinical trials to improve outcomes for men with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana A Emerson
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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20
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Pai N, Popov J, Hill L, Hartung E. Protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study for assessing the feasibility and efficacy of faecal microbiota transplant in a paediatric Crohn's disease population: PediCRaFT Trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030120. [PMID: 31784432 PMCID: PMC6924772 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition with transmural involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. Extraintestinal manifestations are common, and the disease burden on patients and the healthcare system is significant. While treatment options have expanded in recent years, they have mainly focused on dampening the immune response, thus carrying notable risks associated with long-term immunosuppression. Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) targets inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by modifying intestinal dysbiosis. Limited adult and paediatric data have demonstrated a favourable response to FMT in IBD; however, no randomised controlled trial has yet been published in paediatrics. This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study will assess feasibility and efficacy outcomes of FMT in a paediatric CD population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Forty-five patients between the ages of 3 and 17 years, with established CD or IBD unclassified, will be enrolled 2:1 to undergo FMT intervention or placebo control. Participants will undergo a colonoscopic infusion to the terminal ileum at baseline, followed by oral capsules two times per week for 6 weeks. Outcomes will be measured throughout the intervention period and 18 weeks of subsequent follow-up. Primary outcomes will assess feasibility, including patient recruitment, sample collection and rates of adverse events. Secondary outcomes will address clinical efficacy, including change in clinical response, change in urine metabolome and change in microbiome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval from the local hospital research ethics board was obtained at the primary site (McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton), with ethics pending at the secondary site (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Sainte-Justine, Montréal). RBX7455 and RBX2660 are human donor-sourced, microbiota-based therapeutic formulations. Both RBX7455 and RBX2660 are currently undergoing clinical trials to support potential US Food and Drug Administration approval. Approval to conduct this paediatric clinical trial was obtained from Health Canada's Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate. The results of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will help inform a large, multicentre trial in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03378167; pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Pai
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jelena Popov
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Hill
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Hartung
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Wiede F, Brodnicki TC, Goh PK, Leong YA, Jones GW, Yu D, Baxter AG, Jones SA, Kay TWH, Tiganis T. T-Cell-Specific PTPN2 Deficiency in NOD Mice Accelerates the Development of Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Comorbidities. Diabetes 2019; 68:1251-1266. [PMID: 30936146 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified PTPN2 as an important non-MHC gene for autoimmunity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that reduce PTPN2 expression have been linked with the development of various autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. The tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 attenuates T-cell receptor and cytokine signaling in T cells to maintain peripheral tolerance, but the extent to which PTPN2 deficiency in T cells might influence type 1 diabetes onset remains unclear. NOD mice develop spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes similar to that seen in humans. In this study, T-cell PTPN2 deficiency in NOD mice markedly accelerated the onset and increased the incidence of type 1 diabetes as well as that of other disorders, including colitis and Sjögren syndrome. Although PTPN2 deficiency in CD8+ T cells alone was able to drive the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and the onset of diabetes, T-cell-specific PTPN2 deficiency was also accompanied by increased CD4+ T-helper type 1 differentiation and T-follicular-helper cell polarization and increased the abundance of B cells in pancreatic islets as seen in human type 1 diabetes. These findings causally link PTPN2 deficiency in T cells with the development of type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas C Brodnicki
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pei Kee Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yew A Leong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gareth W Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan G Baxter
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon A Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Thomas W H Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Wyss A, Raselli T, Perkins N, Ruiz F, Schmelczer G, Klinke G, Moncsek A, Roth R, Spalinger MR, Hering L, Atrott K, Lang S, Frey-Wagner I, Mertens JC, Scharl M, Sailer AW, Pabst O, Hersberger M, Pot C, Rogler G, Misselwitz B. The EBI2-oxysterol axis promotes the development of intestinal lymphoid structures and colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:733-745. [PMID: 30742043 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding for Epstein-Barr virus-induced G-protein-coupled receptor 2 (EBI2) is a risk gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Together with its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, EBI2 mediates migration and differentiation of immune cells. However, the role of EBI2 in the colonic immune system remains insufficiently studied. We found increased mRNA expression of EBI2 and oxysterol-synthesizing enzymes (CH25H, CYP7B1) in the inflamed colon of patients with ulcerative colitis and mice with acute or chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. Accordingly, we detected elevated levels of 25-hydroxylated oxysterols, including 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol in mice with acute colonic inflammation. Knockout of EBI2 or CH25H did not affect severity of DSS colitis; however, inflammation was decreased in male EBI2-/- mice in the IL-10 colitis model. The colonic immune system comprises mucosal lymphoid structures, which accumulate upon chronic inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice and in chronic DSS colitis. However, EBI2-/- mice formed significantly less colonic lymphoid structures at baseline and showed defects in inflammation-induced accumulation of lymphoid structures. In summary, we report induction of the EBI2-7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol axis in colitis and a role of EBI2 for the accumulation of lymphoid tissue during homeostasis and inflammation. These data implicate the EBI2-7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol axis in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ruiz
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Schmelczer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Roth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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23
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule for life. It is a component of the cell membrane, and it is a precursor molecule for bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. Cholesterol is actively metabolized, but the impact of endogenous cholesterol metabolites on immune function, especially in the intestine, is poorly understood. In this review, I focus on oxysterols, hydroxylated forms of cholesterol, and their specialized functions in intestinal immunity. Oxysterols act through various intracellular and extracellular receptors and serve as key metabolic signals, coordinating immune activity and inflammation. Our recent work has identified an unexpected link between cholesterol metabolism, innate lymphoid cell function and intestinal homeostasis. We discovered that oxysterol sensing through the G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) directs the migration of innate lymphoid cells, which is essential for the formation of lymphoid tissue in the colon. Moreover, we found that the interaction of GPR183 with oxysterols regulates intestinal inflammation. I will discuss the therapeutic potential of oxysterols and future possibilities of treating inflammatory bowel disease through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Willinger
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Jansen CS, Prokhnevska N, Kissick HT. The requirement for immune infiltration and organization in the tumor microenvironment for successful immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 37:543-555. [PMID: 30446449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy-particularly immune checkpoint blockade-has seen great success in many tumor types. However, checkpoint-based therapies have not demonstrated high levels of success in prostate cancer, and there is much to be learned from both the successes and failures of these treatments. Here we review the evidence that composition of infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is fundamental to the response to immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss the emerging idea that the organization of these immune cells may also be crucial to this response. In prostate cancer, the composition and organization of the tumor immune microenvironment are preeminent topics of discussion and areas of important future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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25
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Ge Y, Li Y, Gong J, Zhu W. Mesenteric organ lymphatics and inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Anat 2018; 218:199-204. [PMID: 29723582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder and its etiology is unclear yet. Current theory in IBD is focused on genetics, immunity and intestinal microbes. Emerging clinical evidence and experimental results suggest that morphologic abnormalities and dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatics may have potential roles in the pathogenesis and disease course of IBD. In this review, we summarize the findings of specific investigations of the lymphatics and explore its role in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
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