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Staurenghi E, Testa G, Leoni V, Cecci R, Floro L, Giannelli S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Gamba P. Altered Brain Cholesterol Machinery in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model: A Possible Common Feature with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:435. [PMID: 38671883 PMCID: PMC11047305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex chromosomal disorder considered as a genetically determined form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis is essential for brain functioning and development, and its dysregulation is associated with AD neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Brain cholesterol imbalances also likely occur in DS, concurring with the precocious AD-like neurodegeneration. In this pilot study, we analyzed, in the brain of the Ts2Cje (Ts2) mouse model of DS, the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and of the levels of cholesterol and its main precursors and products of its metabolism (i.e., oxysterols). The results showed, in Ts2 mice compared to euploid mice, the downregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the latter originally recognized as an indicator of AD, and the consequent reduction in total cholesterol levels. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for brain cholesterol oxidation and the amounts of the resulting oxysterols were modified in Ts2 mouse brains, and the levels of cholesterol autoxidation products were increased, suggesting an exacerbation of cerebral oxidative stress. We also observed an enhanced inflammatory response in Ts2 mice, underlined by the upregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding for α-interferon and interleukin-6, two cytokines whose synthesis is increased in the brains of AD patients. Overall, these results suggest that DS and AD brains share cholesterol cycle derangements and altered oxysterol levels, which may contribute to the oxidative and inflammatory events involved in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20832 Desio, Italy;
| | - Rebecca Cecci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Floro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.S.); (R.C.); (L.F.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.)
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Bobermin LD, Sesterheim P, da Costa DS, Rezena E, Schmitz I, da Silva A, de Moraes ADM, Souza DO, Wyse AT, Leipnitz G, Netto CA, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Simvastatin Differentially Modulates Glial Functions in Cultured Cortical and Hypothalamic Astrocytes Derived from Interferon α/β Receptor Knockout mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:732-743. [PMID: 38063948 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes have key regulatory roles in central nervous system (CNS), integrating metabolic, inflammatory and synaptic responses. In this regard, type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling in astrocytes can regulate synaptic plasticity. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug that has shown anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on astrocytes, a main source of cholesterol for neurons, remain to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of simvastatin in inflammatory and functional parameters of primary cortical and hypothalamic astrocyte cultures obtained from IFNα/β receptor knockout (IFNα/βR-/-) mice. Overall, simvastatin decreased extracellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which were related to a downregulation in gene expression in hypothalamic, but not in cortical astrocytes. Moreover, there was an increase in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both structures. Effects of simvastatin in inflammatory signaling also involved a downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression as well as an upregulation of nuclear factor κB subunit p65 (NFκB p65). The expression of cytoprotective genes sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2 (Nrf2) was also increased by simvastatin. In addition, simvastatin increased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels only in cortical astrocytes. Our findings provide evidence that astrocytes from different regions are important cellular targets of simvastatin in the CNS, even in the absence of IFNα/βR, which was showed by the modulation of cytokine production and release, as well as the expression of cytoprotective genes and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Schauren da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ester Rezena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Daniel Moreira de Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Ts Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Taylor R, Zhang C, George D, Kotecha S, Abdelghaffar M, Forster T, Santos Rodrigues PD, Reisinger AC, White D, Hamilton F, Watkins WJ, Griffith DM, Ghazal P. Low circulatory levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C are associated with death of patients with sepsis and critical illness: systematic review, meta-analysis, and perspective of observational studies. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104981. [PMID: 38290288 PMCID: PMC10844818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic studies have established a biological role of sterol metabolism in infection and immunity with clinical data linking deranged cholesterol metabolism during sepsis with poorer outcomes. In this systematic review we assess the relationship between biomarkers of cholesterol homeostasis and mortality in critical illness. METHODS We identified articles by searching a total of seven electronic databases from inception to October 2023. Prospective observational cohort studies included those subjects who had systemic cholesterol (Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-C or LDL-C) levels assessed on the first day of ICU admission and short-term mortality recorded. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to evaluate overall mean differences in serum cholesterol levels between survivors and non-survivors. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. FINDINGS From 6469 studies identified by searches, 24 studies with 2542 participants were included in meta-analysis. Non-survivors had distinctly lower HDL-C at ICU admission -7.06 mg/dL (95% CI -9.21 to -4.91, p < 0.0001) in comparison with survivors. Corresponding differences were also seen less robustly for TC -21.86 mg/dL (95% CI -31.23 to -12.49, p < 0.0001) and LDL-C -8.79 mg/dL (95% CI, -13.74 to -3.83, p = 0.0005). INTERPRETATION Systemic cholesterol levels (TC, HDL-C and LDL-C) on admission to critical care are inversely related to mortality. This finding is consistent with the notion that inflammatory and metabolic setpoints are coupled, such that the maladaptive-setpoint changes of cholesterol in critical illness are related to underlying inflammatory processes. We highlight the potential of HDL-biomarkers as early predictors of severity of illness and emphasise that future research should consider the metabolic and functional heterogeneity of HDLs. FUNDING EU-ERDF-Welsh Government Ser Cymru programme, BBSRC, and EU-FP7 ClouDx-i project (PG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Taylor
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Chengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deslit George
- School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alexander C Reisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel White
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W John Watkins
- Dept of Immunity and Infection, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David M Griffith
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Molecular, Genetics, and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.
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4
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Bauer R, Brüne B, Schmid T. Cholesterol metabolism in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1121819. [PMID: 36744258 PMCID: PMC9895399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of biologically active lipid mediators, such as prostanoids, leukotrienes, and specialized pro-resolving mediators, in the regulation of inflammation is well established. While the relevance of cholesterol in the context of atherosclerosis is also widely accepted, the role of cholesterol and its biosynthetic precursors on inflammatory processes is less comprehensively described. In the present mini-review, we summarize the current understanding of the inflammation-regulatory properties of cholesterol and relevant biosynthetic intermediates taking into account the implications of different subcellular distributions. Finally, we discuss the inflammation-regulatory effect of cholesterol homeostasis in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,*Correspondence: Tobias Schmid,
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Lu Z, Chen J, Yu P, Atherton MJ, Gui J, Tomar VS, Middleton JD, Sullivan NT, Singhal S, George SS, Woolfork AG, Weljie AM, Hai T, Eruslanov EB, Fuchs SY. Tumor factors stimulate lysosomal degradation of tumor antigens and undermine their cross-presentation in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6623. [PMID: 36333297 PMCID: PMC9636202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activities of dendritic cells (DCs) that present tumor antigens are often suppressed in tumors. Here we report that this suppression is induced by tumor microenvironment-derived factors, which activate the activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) transcription factor and downregulate cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Loss of CH25H in antigen presenting cells isolated from human lung tumors is associated with tumor growth and lung cancer progression. Accordingly, mice lacking CH25H in DCs exhibit an accelerated tumor growth, decreased infiltration and impaired activation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. These mice do not establish measurable long-term immunity against malignant cells that undergo chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death. Mechanistically, downregulation of CH25H stimulates membrane fusion between endo-phagosomes and lysosomes, accelerates lysosomal degradation and restricts cross-presentation of tumor antigens in the intratumoral DCs. Administration of STING agonist MSA-2 reduces the lysosomal activity in DCs, restores antigen cross presentation, and increases therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade against tumour challenge in a CH25H-dependent manner. These studies highlight the importance of downregulation of CH25H in DCs for tumor immune evasion and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jinyun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jun Gui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivek S Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin D Middleton
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Neil T Sullivan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Subin S George
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Branche E, Wang YT, Viramontes KM, Valls Cuevas JM, Xie J, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Shafee N, Duttke SH, McMillan RE, Clark AE, Nguyen MN, Garretson AF, Crames JJ, Spann NJ, Zhu Z, Rich JN, Spector DH, Benner C, Shresta S, Carlin AF. SREBP2-dependent lipid gene transcription enhances the infection of human dendritic cells by Zika virus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5341. [PMID: 36097162 PMCID: PMC9465152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health threat has highlighted the unmet need for ZIKV-specific vaccines and antiviral treatments. ZIKV infects dendritic cells (DC), which have pivotal functions in activating innate and adaptive antiviral responses; however, the mechanisms by which DC function is subverted to establish ZIKV infection are unclear. Here we develop a genomics profiling method that enables discrete analysis of ZIKV-infected versus neighboring, uninfected primary human DCs to increase the sensitivity and specificity with which ZIKV-modulated pathways can be identified. The results show that ZIKV infection specifically increases the expression of genes enriched for lipid metabolism-related functions. ZIKV infection also increases the recruitment of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors to lipid gene promoters, while pharmacologic inhibition or genetic silencing of SREBP2 suppresses ZIKV infection of DCs. Our data thus identify SREBP2-activated transcription as a mechanism for promoting ZIKV infection amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Branche
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joan M Valls Cuevas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jialei Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Rachel E McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan J Crames
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Deborah H Spector
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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7
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Mastrodomenico V, LoMascolo NJ, Cruz-Pulido YE, Cunha CR, Mounce BC. Polyamine-Linked Cholesterol Incorporation in Rift Valley Fever Virus Particles Promotes Infectivity. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1439-1448. [PMID: 35786847 PMCID: PMC9549488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses rely on an array of cellular metabolites to replicate and form progeny virions. One set of these molecules, polyamines, are small aliphatic molecules, which are abundant in most cells, that support virus infection; however, the precise roles of polyamines in virus infection remain incompletely understood. Recent work demonstrated that polyamine metabolism supports cellular cholesterol synthesis through translation of the key transcription factor SREBP2. Here, we show that the bunyavirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) relies on both cholesterol and polyamines for virus infection. Depletion of cellular cholesterol or interruption of cholesterol trafficking negatively impacts RVFV infection. Cholesterol is incorporated into RVFV virions and mediates their infectivity in a polyamine-dependent manner; we find that the virus derived from polyamine-depleted cells lacks cholesterol within the virion membrane. Conversely, we find that virion-associated cholesterol is linked to the incorporation of spermidine within the virion. Our prior work demonstrated that polyamines facilitate pH-mediated fusion and genome release, which may be a consequence of cholesterol depletion within virions. Thus, our work highlights the metabolic connection between polyamines and cholesterol synthesis to impact bunyavirus infection. These data demonstrate the connectedness between cellular metabolic pathways and reveal potential avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Christina R Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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8
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Huijser E, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Grashof DGB, Tarn JR, Brkic Z, Huisman JMA, Wahadat MJ, van de Werken HJG, Lopes AP, van Roon JAG, van Daele PLA, Kamphuis S, Ng WF, Bekkering S, Joosten LAB, Dik WA, Versnel MA. Trained Immunity in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Linking Type I Interferons to a Pro-Atherogenic Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840751. [PMID: 35860283 PMCID: PMC9289449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trained immunity – or innate immune memory – can be described as the long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells towards a hyperresponsive state which involves intracellular metabolic changes. Trained immunity has been linked to atherosclerosis. A subgroup of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) exhibits systemic type I interferon (IFN) pathway activation, indicating innate immune hyperactivation. Here, we studied the link between type I IFNs and trained immunity in an in vitro monocytic cell model and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from pSS patients. Methods The training stimuli heat killed Candida albicans, muramyl dipeptide, IFNβ, and patient serum were added to THP-1 cells for 24 hours, after which the cells were washed, rested for 48 hours and subsequently re-stimulated with LPS, Pam3Cys, poly I:C, IFNβ or oxLDL for 4-24 hours. PBMCs from pSS patients and healthy controls were stimulated with LPS, Pam3Cys, poly I:C or IFNβ for 0.5-24 hours. Results Training with IFNβ induced elevated production of pro-atherogenic cytokines IL-6, TNFα and CCL2, differential cholesterol- and glycolysis-related gene expression, and increased glucose consumption and oxLDL uptake upon re-stimulation. Type I IFN production was increased in Candida albicans- and IFNβ-trained cells after LPS re-stimulation, but was reduced after poly I:C re-stimulation. Training with muramyl dipeptide and IFNβ, but not Candida albicans, affected the IFN-stimulated gene expression response to IFNβ re-stimulation. PBMCs from pSS patients consumed more glucose compared with healthy control PBMCs and tended to produce more TNFα and type I IFNs upon LPS stimulation, but less type I IFNs upon poly I:C stimulation. Conclusions Type I IFN is a trainer inducing a trained immunity phenotype with pro-atherogenic properties in monocytes. Conversely, trained immunity also affects the production of type I IFNs and transcriptional response to type I IFN receptor re-stimulation. The phenotype of pSS PBMCs is consistent with trained immunity. This connection between type I IFN, trained immunity and cholesterol metabolism may have important implications for pSS and the pathogenesis of (subclinical) atherosclerosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Huijser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Dwin G. B. Grashof
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica R. Tarn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Zana Brkic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josje M. A. Huisman
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Javad Wahadat
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harmen J. G. van de Werken
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana P. Lopes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joel A. G. van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul L. A. van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Kamphuis
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan A. Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marjan A. Versnel,
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9
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Challenging molecular dogmas in human sepsis using mathematical reasoning. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104031. [PMID: 35523015 PMCID: PMC9079163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host-response to infection, across all ages and pathogens. What defines a dysregulated state remains intensively researched but incompletely understood. Here, we dissect the meaning of this definition and its importance for the diagnosis and management of sepsis. We deliberate on pathophysiological features and dogmas that range from cytokine storms and immune paralysis to dormancy and altered homeostasis setpoints. Mathematical reasoning, used to test for plausibility, reveals three interlinked cardinal rules governing host-response trajectories in sepsis. Rule one highlights that the amplitude of the immune response while important is not sufficient and is strictly dependent on rule two, specifying bioenergetic capacity and are together dynamically driven by rule three, delineating stability and alterations in setpoints. We consider these rules and associated pathophysiological parameters for guiding data-science and artificial intelligence mining of multi-omics and big-data for improving the precision of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to sepsis. Funding PG funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Welsh Government (Ser Cymru programme – Project Sepsis).
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10
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Munoz MA, Fletcher EK, Skinner OP, Jurczyluk J, Kristianto E, Hodson MP, Sun S, Ebetino FH, Croucher DR, Hansbro PM, Center JR, Rogers MJ. Bisphosphonate drugs have actions in the lung and inhibit the mevalonate pathway in alveolar macrophages. eLife 2021; 10:e72430. [PMID: 34967731 PMCID: PMC8718110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates drugs target the skeleton and are used globally for the treatment of common bone disorders. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates act by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway in bone-resorbing osteoclasts but, surprisingly, also appear to reduce the risk of death from pneumonia. We overturn the long-held belief that these drugs act only in the skeleton and show that a fluorescently labelled bisphosphonate is internalised by alveolar macrophages and large peritoneal macrophages in vivo. Furthermore, a single dose of a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid) in mice was sufficient to inhibit the mevalonate pathway in tissue-resident macrophages, causing the build-up of a mevalonate metabolite and preventing protein prenylation. Importantly, one dose of bisphosphonate enhanced the immune response to bacterial endotoxin in the lung and increased the level of cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar fluid. These studies suggest that bisphosphonates, as well as preventing bone loss, may boost immune responses to infection in the lung and provide a mechanistic basis to fully examine the potential of bisphosphonates to help combat respiratory infections that cause pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A Munoz
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Emma K Fletcher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Oliver P Skinner
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Julie Jurczyluk
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Esther Kristianto
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Innovation CentreSydneyAustralia
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Innovation CentreSydneyAustralia
- School of Pharmacy, University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaAustralia
| | - Shuting Sun
- BioVincPasadenaUnited States
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | | | - David R Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
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11
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Glitscher M, Hildt E. Endosomal Cholesterol in Viral Infections - A Common Denominator? Front Physiol 2021; 12:750544. [PMID: 34858206 PMCID: PMC8632007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has gained tremendous attention as an essential lipid in the life cycle of virtually all viruses. These seem to have developed manifold strategies to modulate the cholesterol metabolism to the side of lipid uptake and de novo synthesis. In turn, affecting the cholesterol homeostasis has emerged as novel broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. On the other hand, the innate immune system is similarly regulated by the lipid and stimulated by its derivatives. This certainly requires attention in the design of antiviral strategies aiming to decrease cellular cholesterol, as evidence accumulates that withdrawal of cholesterol hampers innate immunity. Secondly, there are exceptions to the rule of the abovementioned virus-induced metabolic shift toward cholesterol anabolism. It therefore is of interest to dissect underlying regulatory mechanisms, which we aimed for in this minireview. We further collected evidence for intracellular cholesterol concentrations being less important in viral life cycles as compared to the spatial distribution of the lipid. Various routes of cholesterol trafficking were found to be hijacked in viral infections with respect to organelle-endosome contact sites mediating cholesterol shuttling. Thus, re-distribution of cellular cholesterol in the context of viral infections requires more attention in ongoing research. As a final aim, a pan-antiviral treatment could be found just within the transport and re-adjustment of local cholesterol concentrations. Thus, we aimed to emphasize the importance of the regulatory roles the endosomal system fulfils herein and hope to stimulate research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
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12
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Cholesterol metabolism: a new molecular switch to control inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1389-1408. [PMID: 34086048 PMCID: PMC8187928 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The immune system protects the body against harm by inducing inflammation. During the immune response, cells of the immune system get activated, divided and differentiated in order to eliminate the danger signal. This process relies on the metabolic reprogramming of both catabolic and anabolic pathways not only to produce energy in the form of ATP but also to generate metabolites that exert key functions in controlling the response. Equally important to mounting an appropriate effector response is the process of immune resolution, as uncontrolled inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including allergy, chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we aim to introduce the reader to the field of cholesterol immunometabolism and discuss how both metabolites arising from the pathway and cholesterol homeostasis are able to impact innate and adaptive immune cells, staging cholesterol homeostasis at the centre of an adequate immune response. We also review evidence that demonstrates the clear impact that cholesterol metabolism has in both the induction and the resolution of the inflammatory response. Finally, we propose that emerging data in this field not only increase our understanding of immunometabolism but also provide new tools for monitoring and intervening in human diseases, where controlling and/or modifying inflammation is desirable.
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13
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Bahadoran A, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS. Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism. Immunol Rev 2021; 295:140-166. [PMID: 32320072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever-changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza-induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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14
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Henry RT, Jiamsakul A, Law M, Losso M, Kamarulzaman A, Phanuphak P, Kumarasamy N, Foulkes S, Mohapi L, Nwizu C, Wood R, Kelleher A, Polizzotto M. Factors Associated With and Characteristic of HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infection: A Retrospective Analysis of SECOND-LINE Clinical Trial Participants. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:720-729. [PMID: 33399309 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in people living with HIV. However, the risk factors for HIV/TB co-infection in second-line HIV therapy are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for TB co-infection in SECOND-LINE, an international randomized clinical trial of second-line HIV therapy. METHODS We did a cohort analysis of TB cases in SECOND-LINE. TB cases included any clinical or laboratory-confirmed diagnoses and/or commencement of treatment for TB after randomization. Baseline factors associated with TB were analyzed using Cox regression stratified by site. RESULTS TB cases occurred at sites in Argentina, India, Malaysia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand, in a cohort of 355 of the 541 SECOND-LINE participants. Overall, 20 cases of TB occurred, an incidence rate of 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.1 to 5.1). Increased TB risk was associated with a low CD4+-cell count (≤200 cells/μL), high viral load (>200 copies/mL), low platelet count (<150 ×109/L), and low total serum cholesterol (≤4.5 mmol/L) at baseline. An increased risk of death was associated with TB, adjusted for CD4, platelets, and cholesterol. A low CD4+-cell count was significantly associated with incident TB, mortality, other AIDS diagnoses, and virologic failure. DISCUSSION The risk of TB remains elevated in PLHIV in the setting of second-line HIV therapy in TB endemic regions. TB was associated with a greater risk of death. Finding that low CD4+ T-cell count was significantly associated with poor outcomes in this population supports the value of CD4+ monitoring in HIV clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Henry
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Law
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy
- CART Clinical Research Site, Infectious Diseases Medical Centre, Voluntary Health Services (VHS), Chennai, India
| | | | - Lerato Mohapi
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Chidi Nwizu
- Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; and
| | - Robin Wood
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Polizzotto
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Adamek M, Davies J, Beck A, Jordan L, Becker AM, Mojzesz M, Rakus K, Rumiac T, Collet B, Brogden G, Way K, Bergmann SM, Zou J, Steinhagen D. Antiviral Actions of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Fish Vary With the Virus-Host Combination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:581786. [PMID: 33717065 PMCID: PMC7943847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.581786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for building and maintaining cell membranes and is critical for several steps in the replication cycle of viruses, especially for enveloped viruses. In mammalian cells virus infections lead to the accumulation of the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), an antiviral factor, which is produced from cholesterol by the cholesterol 25 hydroxylase (CH25H). Antiviral responses based on CH25H are not well studied in fish. Therefore, in the present study putative genes encoding for CH25H were identified and amplified in common carp and rainbow trout cells and an HPLC-MS method was applied for determination of oxysterol concentrations in these cells under virus infection. Our results give some evidence that the activation of CH25H could be a part of the antiviral response against a broad spectrum of viruses infecting fish, in both common carp and rainbow trout cells in vitro. Quantification of oxysterols showed that fibroblastic cells are capable of producing 25HC and its metabolite 7α,25diHC. The oxysterol 25HC showed an antiviral activity by blocking the entry of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) into KFC cells, but not spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) or common carp paramyxovirus (Para) in the same cells, or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) into RTG-2 cells. Despite the fact that the CH25H based antiviral response coincides with type I IFN responses, the stimulation of salmonid cells with recombinant type I IFN proteins from rainbow trout could not induce ch25h_b gene expression. This provided further evidence, that the CH25H-response is not type I IFN dependent. Interestingly, the susceptibility of CyHV-3 to 25HC is counteracted by a downregulation of the expression of the ch25h_b gene in carp fibroblasts during CyHV-3 infection. This shows a unique interplay between oxysterol based immune responses and immunomodulatory abilities of certain viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Beck
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Jordan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna M Becker
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Mojzesz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Typhaine Rumiac
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Graham Brogden
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Keith Way
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Bhattacharya B, Xiao S, Chatterjee S, Urbanowski M, Ordonez A, Ihms EA, Agrahari G, Lun S, Berland R, Pichugin A, Gao Y, Connor J, Ivanov AR, Yan BS, Kobzik L, Koo BB, Jain S, Bishai W, Kramnik I. The integrated stress response mediates necrosis in murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis granulomas. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:130319. [PMID: 33301427 PMCID: PMC7843230 DOI: 10.1172/jci130319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which only some individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop necrotic granulomas with progressive disease while others form controlled granulomas that contain the infection remains poorly defined. Mice carrying the sst1-suscepible (sst1S) genotype develop necrotic inflammatory lung lesions, similar to human tuberculosis (TB) granulomas, which are linked to macrophage dysfunction, while their congenic counterpart (B6) mice do not. In this study we report that (a) sst1S macrophages developed aberrant, biphasic responses to TNF characterized by superinduction of stress and type I interferon pathways after prolonged TNF stimulation; (b) the late-stage TNF response was driven via a JNK/IFN-β/protein kinase R (PKR) circuit; and (c) induced the integrated stress response (ISR) via PKR-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the subsequent hyperinduction of ATF3 and ISR-target genes Chac1, Trib3, and Ddit4. The administration of ISRIB, a small-molecule inhibitor of the ISR, blocked the development of necrosis in lung granulomas of M. tuberculosis-infected sst1S mice and concomitantly reduced the bacterial burden. Hence, induction of the ISR and the locked-in state of escalating stress driven by the type I IFN pathway in sst1S macrophages play a causal role in the development of necrosis in TB granulomas. Interruption of the aberrant stress response with inhibitors such as ISRIB may offer novel host-directed therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Bhattacharya
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujoy Chatterjee
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Urbanowski
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alvaro Ordonez
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ihms
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garima Agrahari
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shichun Lun
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Berland
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Pichugin
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuanwei Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Bishai
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Chen HJ, Tas SW, de Winther MPJ. Type-I interferons in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132613. [PMID: 31821440 PMCID: PMC7037237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chen et al. review the effects of type-I IFNs and the potential of anti–type-I IFN therapies in atherosclerosis. The contribution of dyslipidemia and inflammation in atherosclerosis is well established. Along with effective lipid-lowering treatments, the recent success of clinical trials with anti-inflammatory therapies and the accelerated atherosclerosis in many autoimmune diseases suggest that targeting inflammation may open new avenues for the prevention and the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the past decades, studies have widened the role of type-I interferons (IFNs) in disease, from antivirus defense to autoimmune responses and immuno-metabolic syndromes. While elevated type-I IFN level in serum is associated with CVD incidence in patients with interferonopathies, experimental data have attested that type-I IFNs affect plaque-residing macrophages, potentiate foam cell and extracellular trap formation, induce endothelial dysfunction, alter the phenotypes of dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes, and lead to exacerbated atherosclerosis outcomes. In this review, we discuss the production and the effects of type-I IFNs in different atherosclerosis-associated cell types from molecular biology studies, animal models, and clinical observations, and the potential of new therapies against type-I IFN signaling for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Chen
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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18
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Quiroga AD, Vera MC, Ferretti AC, Lucci A, Comanzo CG, Lambertucci F, Ceballos MP, Carrillo MC. IFN-α-2b induces apoptosis by decreasing cellular cholesterol levels in rat preneoplastic hepatocytes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155172. [PMID: 32590329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IFN-α administration to patients has been long discouraged and pushed back by new and apparently better drugs; however the adverse secondary effect, the high costs and the lack of specific action, make these new drugs hard to be used and put IFN-α again in the eye of the researchers. IFN-α-2b was demonstrated to induce apoptosis and modulation of lipid metabolism and the mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we sought to find the link between these features using a model of early stage cancer development. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we evaluated apoptosis and lipid metabolism. IFN-α-2b induced changes in hepatic cholesterol mass due to decreased synthesis and increased secretion. Interestingly, the drop in cellular cholesterol levels was necessary for IFN-α-2b to induce apoptosis. Results presented in this paper show the complexity of the action of IFN-α-2b on the early stages of liver cancer development. We show for the first time an interrelationship between cholesterol, apoptosis and IFN-α-2b. This makes clear the need for a reevaluation of IFN-α-2b action in order to develop softer, safer and more bearable derivatives. In this regard, knowing the molecular mechanisms by which IFN-α exerts its cellular actions is of crucial importance, and it is the main condition for therapy success for classical and new malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; CAECIHS, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Marina C Vera
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Anabela C Ferretti
- Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Alvaro Lucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Carla G Comanzo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Flavia Lambertucci
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María P Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María C Carrillo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
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19
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Brown AJ, Sharpe LJ, Rogers MJ. Oxysterols: From physiological tuners to pharmacological opportunities. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3089-3103. [PMID: 32335907 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxygenated forms of cholesterol generated via autooxidation by free radicals and ROS, or formed enzymically by a variety of enzymes such as those involved in the synthesis of bile acids. Although found at very low concentrations in vivo, these metabolites play key roles in health and disease, particularly in development and regulating immune cell responses, by binding to effector proteins such as LXRα, RORγ and Insig and directly or indirectly regulating transcriptional programmes that affect cell metabolism and function. In this review, we summarise the routes by which oxysterols can be generated and subsequently modified to other oxysterol metabolites and highlight their diverse and profound biological functions and opportunities to alter their levels using pharmacological approaches. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Influenza infection rewires energy metabolism and induces browning features in adipose cells and tissues. Commun Biol 2020; 3:237. [PMID: 32409640 PMCID: PMC7224208 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all obligate intracellular pathogens, influenza A virus (IAV) reprograms host cell's glucose and lipid metabolism to promote its own replication. However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control of systemic energy homeostasis, has not been yet characterized. Here, we show that influenza infection induces alterations in whole-body glucose metabolism that persist long after the virus has been cleared. We report depot-specific changes in the WAT of IAV-infected mice, notably characterized by the appearance of thermogenic brown-like adipocytes within the subcutaneous fat depot. Importantly, viral RNA- and viral antigen-harboring cells are detected in the WAT of infected mice. Using in vitro approaches, we find that IAV infection enhances the expression of brown-adipogenesis-related genes in preadipocytes. Overall, our findings shed light on the role that the white adipose tissue, which lies at the crossroads of nutrition, metabolism and immunity, may play in influenza infection.
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21
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Komissarov AB, Sergeeva MV, Mozhaeva EV, Eshchenko NV, Vasilieva A, Vasilyev KA, Medvedev SP, Malakhova AA, Balakhonova EA, Malanin S, Grigoryeva TV, Zhuravlev ES, Semenov DV, Richter V, Stepanov G. Increase in Sensitivity of HEK293FT Cells to Influenza Infection by CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Knockout of IRF7 Transcription Factor. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Perucha E, Melchiotti R, Bibby JA, Wu W, Frederiksen KS, Roberts CA, Hall Z, LeFriec G, Robertson KA, Lavender P, Gerwien JG, Taams LS, Griffin JL, de Rinaldis E, van Baarsen LGM, Kemper C, Ghazal P, Cope AP. The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway regulates IL-10 expression in human Th1 cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:498. [PMID: 30700717 PMCID: PMC6353904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling CD4+ T cell switching from an effector to an anti-inflammatory (IL-10+) phenotype play an important role in the persistence of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we identify the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as a key regulator of this process. Pathway analysis of cultured cytokine-producing human T cells reveals a significant association between IL-10 and cholesterol metabolism gene expression. Inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway with atorvastatin or 25-hydroxycholesterol during switching from IFNγ+ to IL-10+ shows a specific block in immune resolution, defined as a significant decrease in IL-10 expression. Mechanistically, the master transcriptional regulator of IL10 in T cells, c-Maf, is significantly decreased by physiological levels of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Strikingly, progression to rheumatoid arthritis is associated with altered expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes in synovial biopsies of predisposed individuals. Our data reveal a link between sterol metabolism and the regulation of the anti-inflammatory response in human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Perucha
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Rossella Melchiotti
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jack A Bibby
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Wing Wu
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Ceri A Roberts
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Therapy, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Gaelle LeFriec
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kevin A Robertson
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Paul Lavender
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jens Gammeltoft Gerwien
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
- Rheumatology NEC, Eli Lilly, 2730, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center (ARC), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Medical School, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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23
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Poore GD, Ko ER, Valente A, Henao R, Sumner K, Hong C, Burke TW, Nichols M, McClain MT, Huang ES, Ginsburg GS, Woods CW, Tsalik EL. A miRNA Host Response Signature Accurately Discriminates Acute Respiratory Infection Etiologies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2957. [PMID: 30619110 PMCID: PMC6298190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading indication for antibacterial prescriptions despite a viral etiology in the majority of cases. The lack of available diagnostics to discriminate viral and bacterial etiologies contributes to this discordance. Recent efforts have focused on the host response as a source for novel diagnostic targets although none have explored the ability of host-derived microRNAs (miRNA) to discriminate between these etiologies. Methods: In this study, we compared host-derived miRNAs and mRNAs from human H3N2 influenza challenge subjects to those from patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Sparse logistic regression models were used to generate miRNA signatures diagnostic of ARI etiologies. Generalized linear modeling of mRNAs to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes allowed analysis of potential miRNA:mRNA relationships. High likelihood miRNA:mRNA interactions were examined using binding target prediction and negative correlation to further explore potential changes in pathway regulation in response to infection. Results: The resultant miRNA signatures were highly accurate in discriminating ARI etiologies. Mean accuracy was 100% [88.8-100; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] in discriminating the healthy state from S. pneumoniae pneumonia and 91.3% (72.0-98.9; 95% CI) in discriminating S. pneumoniae pneumonia from influenza infection. Subsequent differential mRNA gene expression analysis revealed alterations in regulatory networks consistent with known biology including immune cell activation and host response to viral infection. Negative correlation network analysis of miRNA:mRNA interactions revealed connections to pathways with known immunobiology such as interferon regulation and MAP kinase signaling. Conclusion: We have developed novel human host-response miRNA signatures for bacterial and viral ARI etiologies. miRNA host response signatures reveal accurate discrimination between S. pneumoniae pneumonia and influenza etiologies for ARI and integrated analyses of the host-pathogen interface are consistent with expected biology. These results highlight the differential miRNA host response to bacterial and viral etiologies of ARI, offering new opportunities to distinguish these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Poore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Emily R. Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashlee Valente
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey Sumner
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher Hong
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marshall Nichols
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Medicine Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erich S. Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Medicine Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Emergency Medicine Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
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24
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Koczok K, Gurumurthy CB, Balogh I, Korade Z, Mirnics K. Subcellular localization of sterol biosynthesis enzymes. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:63-73. [PMID: 30535733 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a complex, coordinated process involving a series of enzymes. As of today, our understanding of subcellular localization of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is far from complete. Considering the complexity and intricacies of this pathway and the importance of functions of DHCR7, DHCR24 and EBP enzymes for human health, we undertook a study to determine their subcellular localization and co-localization. Using expression constructs and antibody staining in cell cultures and transgenic mice, we found that all three enzymes are expressed in ER and nuclear envelope. However, their co-localization was considerably different across the cellular compartments. Furthermore, we observed that in the absence of DHCR7 protein, DHCR24 shows a compensatory upregulation in a Dhcr7-/- transgenic mouse model. The overall findings suggest that the sterol biosynthesis enzymes might not always work in a same functional complex, but that they potentially have different, multifunctional roles that go beyond the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the newly uncovered compensatory mechanism between DHCR7 and DHCR24 could be of importance for designing medications that would improve cholesterol production in patients with desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Koczok
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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25
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Newmark H, Dantoft W, Ghazal P. Evolutionary Origin of the Interferon-Immune Metabolic Axis: The Sterol-Vitamin D Link. Front Immunol 2017; 8:62. [PMID: 28232830 PMCID: PMC5298971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate animals, the sterol metabolic network is emerging as a central player in immunity and inflammation. Upon infection, flux in the network is acutely moderated by the interferon (IFN) response through direct molecular and bi-directional communications. How sterol metabolism became linked to IFN control and for what purpose is not obvious. Here, we deliberate on the origins of these connections based on a systematic review of the literature. A narrative synthesis of publications that met eligibility criteria allowed us to trace an evolutionary path and functional connections between cholesterol metabolism and immunity. The synthesis supports an ancestral link between toxic levels of cholesterol-like products and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is an ancient nuclear hormone receptor that was originally involved in the recognition and detoxification of xenobiotic marine biotoxins exhibiting planar sterol ring scaffolds present in aquatic environments. Coadaptation of this receptor with the acquisition of sterol biosynthesis and IFNs in vertebrate animals set a stage for repurposing and linking a preexisting host-protection mechanism of harmful xenobiotics to become an important regulator in three key interlinked biological processes: bone development, immunity, and calcium homeostasis. We put forward the hypothesis that sterol metabolites, especially oxysterols, have acted as evolutionary drivers in immunity and may represent the first example of small-molecule metabolites linked to the adaptive coevolution and diversification of host metabolic and immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Newmark
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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