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Romero MJ, Yue Q, Singla B, Hamacher J, Sridhar S, Moseley AS, Song C, Mraheil MA, Fischer B, Zeitlinger M, Chakraborty T, Fulton D, Gan L, Annex BH, Csanyi G, Eaton DC, Lucas R. Direct endothelial ENaC activation mitigates vasculopathy induced by SARS-CoV2 spike protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241448. [PMID: 37638055 PMCID: PMC10449264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS can be accompanied by significantly increased levels of circulating cytokines, the former significantly differs from the latter by its higher vasculopathy, characterized by increased oxidative stress and coagulopathy in lung capillaries. This points towards the existence of SARS-CoV2-specific factors and mechanisms that can sensitize the endothelium towards becoming dysfunctional. Although the virus is rarely detected within endothelial cells or in the circulation, the S1 subunit of its spike protein, which contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) for human ACE2 (hACE2), can be detected in plasma from COVID-19 patients and its levels correlate with disease severity. It remains obscure how the SARS-CoV2 RBD exerts its deleterious actions in lung endothelium and whether there are mechanisms to mitigate this. Methods In this study, we use a combination of in vitro studies in RBD-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-MVEC), including electrophysiology, barrier function, oxidative stress and human ACE2 (hACE2) surface protein expression measurements with in vivo studies in transgenic mice globally expressing human ACE2 and injected with RBD. Results We show that SARS-CoV2 RBD impairs endothelial ENaC activity, reduces surface hACE2 expression and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tissue factor (TF) generation in monolayers of HL-MVEC, as such promoting barrier dysfunction and coagulopathy. The TNF-derived TIP peptide (a.k.a. solnatide, AP301) -which directly activates ENaC upon binding to its a subunit- can override RBD-induced impairment of ENaC function and hACE2 expression, mitigates ROS and TF generation and restores barrier function in HL-MVEC monolayers. In correlation with the increased mortality observed in COVID-19 patients co-infected with S. pneumoniae, compared to subjects solely infected with SARS-CoV2, we observe that prior intraperitoneal RBD treatment in transgenic mice globally expressing hACE2 significantly increases fibrin deposition and capillary leak upon intratracheal instillation of S. pneumoniae and that this is mitigated by TIP peptide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza J. Romero
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qian Yue
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V—Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Auriel S. Moseley
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chang Song
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mobarak A. Mraheil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Giessen-Marburg-Langen Site, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Douglas C. Eaton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Hamacher J, Hadizamani Y, Huwer H, Moehrlen U, Bally L, Stammberger U, Wendel A, Lucas R. Characteristics of inflammatory response and repair after experimental blast lung injury in rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281446. [PMID: 36928833 PMCID: PMC10019677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blast-induced lung injury is associated with inflammatory, which are characterised by disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, haemorrhage, pulmonary infiltrateration causing oedema formation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and anti-inflammatory counter-regulation. The objective of the current study was to define sequence of such alterations in with establishing blast-induced lung injury in rats using an advanced blast generator. METHODS Rats underwent a standardized blast wave trauma and were euthanised at defined time points. Non-traumatised animals served as sham controls. Obtained samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at each time-point were assessed for histology, leukocyte infiltration and cytokine/chemokine profile. RESULTS After blast lung injury, significant haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration were observed. Similarly, protein accumulation, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), alveolar eicosanoid release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, pro-Inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL) -6 raised up. While declining in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 occurred. Ultimately, pulmonary oedema developed that increased to its maximum level within the first 1.5 h, then recovered within 24 h. CONCLUSION Using a stablished model, can facilitate the study of inflammatory response to blast lung injury. Following the blast injury, alteration in cytokine/chemokine profile and activity of cells in the alveolar space occurs, which eventuates in alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction and oedema formation. Most of these parameters exhibit time-dependent return to their basal status that is an indication to resilience of lungs to blast-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Hamacher
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V—Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Völklingen Heart Centre, Völklingen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of the University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uz Stammberger
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, Switzerland
- STM ClinMedRes Consulting, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Wendel
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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Ex Vivo Pulmonary Oedema after In Vivo Blast-Induced Rat Lung Injury: Time Dependency, Blast Intensity and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Role. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112930. [PMID: 36428498 PMCID: PMC9687465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Current treatments for blast-induced lung injury are limited to supportive procedures including mechanical ventilation. The study aimed to investigate the role of post-trauma-induced oedema generation in the function of time and trauma intensity and the probable role of beta 2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) agonists on pulmonary oedema. The study is conducted using an ex vivo model after an experimental in vivo blast-induced thorax trauma in rats. Methods: Rats were randomised and divided into two groups, blast and sham. The blast group were anaesthetised and exposed to the blast wave (3.16 ± 0.43 bar) at a distance of 3.5 cm from the thorax level. The rats were sacrificed 10 min after the blast, the lungs explanted and treated with terbutaline, formoterol, propranolol or amiloride to assess the involvement of sodium transport. Other groups of rats were exposed to distances of 5 and 7 cm from the thorax to reduce the intensity of the injury. Further, one group of rats was studied after 180 min and one after 360 min after a 3.5 cm blast injury. Sham controls were exposed to identical procedures except for receiving blast overpressure. Results: Lung injury and oedema generation depended on time after injury and injury intensity. Perfusion with amiloride resulted in a further increase in oedema formation as indicated by weight gain (p < 0.001), diminished tidal volume (Tv) (p < 0.001), and increased airway resistance (p < 0.001). Formoterol caused a significant increase in the Tv (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in the airway resistance (p < 0.01), while the lung weight was not influenced. Trauma-related oedema was significantly reduced by terbutaline in terms of lung weight gain (p < 0.01), Tv (p < 0.001), and airway resistance (p < 0.01) compared to control blast-injured lungs. Terbutaline-induced effects were completely blocked by the β-receptor antagonist propranolol (p < 0.05). Similarly, amiloride, which was added to terbutaline perfusion, reversed terbutaline-induced weight gain reduction (p < 0.05). Conclusions: β2-adrenoceptor stimulation had a beneficial impact by amiloride-dependent sodium and therefore, fluid transport mechanisms on the short-term ex vivo oedema generation in a trauma-induced in vivo lung injury of rats.
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Pinto ACMD, Nunes RDM, Nogueira IA, Fischer B, Lucas R, Girão-Carmona VCC, de Oliveira VLS, Amaral FA, Schett G, Rocha FAC. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF in joints. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049368. [PMID: 36389831 PMCID: PMC9659759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in joint destruction, TNF inhibitors, including neutralizing anti-TNF antibodies and soluble TNF receptor constructs, are commonly used therapeutics for the treatment of arthropathies like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, not all patients achieve remission; moreover, there is a risk of increased susceptibility to infection with these agents. Spatially distinct from its receptor binding sites, TNF harbors a lectin-like domain, which exerts unique functions that can be mimicked by the 17 residue solnatide peptide. This domain binds to specific oligosaccharides such as N'N'-diacetylchitobiose and directly target the α subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Solnatide was shown to have anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung injury and glomerulonephritis models. In this study, we evaluated whether the lectin-like domain of TNF can mitigate the development of immune-mediated arthritis in mice. In an antigen-induced arthritis model, solnatide reduced cell influx and release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the joints, associated with reduction in edema and tissue damage, as compared to controls indicating that TNF has anti-inflammatory effects in an acute model of joint inflammation via its lectin-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo de Melo Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Igor Albuquerque Nogueira
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Flavio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunolgy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Phenotypic and Transcriptional Changes of Pulmonary Immune Responses in Dogs Following Canine Distemper Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710019. [PMID: 36077417 PMCID: PMC9456005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, is a highly contagious infectious agent causing a multisystemic, devastating disease in a broad range of host species, characterized by severe immunosuppression, encephalitis and pneumonia. The present study aimed at investigating pulmonary immune responses of CDV-infected dogs in situ using immunohistochemistry and whole transcriptome analyses by bulk RNA sequencing. Spatiotemporal analysis of phenotypic changes revealed pulmonary immune responses primarily driven by MHC-II+, Iba-1+ and CD204+ innate immune cells during acute and subacute infection phases, which paralleled pathologic lesion development and coincided with high viral loads in CDV-infected lungs. CD20+ B cell numbers initially declined, followed by lymphoid repopulation in the advanced disease phase. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated an increased expression of transcripts related to innate immunity, antiviral defense mechanisms, type I interferon responses and regulation of cell death in the lung of CDV-infected dogs. Molecular analyses also revealed disturbed cytokine responses with a pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and impaired mucociliary defense in CDV-infected lungs. The exploratory study provides detailed data on CDV-related pulmonary immune responses, expanding the list of immunologic parameters potentially leading to viral elimination and virus-induced pulmonary immunopathology in canine distemper.
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6
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Baloglu E, Velineni K, Ermis-Kaya E, Mairbäurl H. Hypoxia Aggravates Inhibition of Alveolar Epithelial Na-Transport by Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulation of Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158315. [PMID: 35955448 PMCID: PMC9368968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and hypoxia impair alveolar barrier tightness, inhibit Na- and fluid reabsorption, and cause edema. We tested whether stimulated alveolar macrophages affect alveolar Na-transport and whether hypoxia aggravates the effects of inflammation, and tested for involved signaling pathways. Primary rat alveolar type II cells (rA2) were co-cultured with rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) or treated with NR8383-conditioned media after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 µg/mL) and exposed to normoxia and hypoxia (1.5% O2). LPS caused a fast, transient increase in TNFα and IL-6 mRNA in macrophages and a sustained increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) mRNA in macrophages and in rA2 cells resulting in elevated nitrite levels and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 into culture media. In normoxia, 24 h of LPS treated NR8383 decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of co-cultures, of amiloride-sensitive short circuit current (ISCΔamil); whereas Na/K-ATPase activity was not affected. Inhibition was also seen with conditioned media from LPS-stimulated NR8383 on rA2, but was less pronounced after dialysis to remove small molecules and nitrite. The effect of LPS-stimulated macrophages on TEER and Na-transport was fully prevented by the iNOS-inhibitor L-NMMA applied to co-cultures and to rA2 mono-cultures. Hypoxia in combination with LPS-stimulated NR8383 totally abolished TEER and ISCΔamil. These results indicate that the LPS-stimulation of alveolar macrophages impairs alveolar epithelial Na-transport by NO-dependent mechanisms, where part of the NO is produced by rA2 induced by signals from LPS stimulated alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Baloglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.V.); (E.E.-K.)
| | - Kalpana Velineni
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.V.); (E.E.-K.)
| | - Ezgi Ermis-Kaya
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.V.); (E.E.-K.)
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.V.); (E.E.-K.)
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-39329
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Cui Y, Wang X, Lin F, Li W, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Yang H, Rao M, li Y, Liang H, Dai M, Liu B, Chen L, Han D, Lu R, Peng W, Zhang Y, Song C, Luo Y, Pan P. MiR-29a-3p Improves Acute Lung Injury by Reducing Alveolar Epithelial Cell PANoptosis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:899-909. [PMID: 35656115 PMCID: PMC9116916 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell damage is an important determinant of the severity of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the molecular mechanisms of alveolar epithelial death during the development of ALI/ARDS remain unclear. In this study, we explore the role of miR-29a-3p in ALI/ARDS and its molecular mechanism. Plasma samples were collected from healthy controls and ARDS patients. Mice were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish acute lung injury. N6-adenosine (m6A) quantification, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, cell viability assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were performed. We found that miR-29a-3p was down-regulated in plasma of ARDS patients and lung tissue of ALI model mice, and miR-29a-3p agomir injection down-regulated the levels of the inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the lungs, reducing alveolar epithelial cell PANoptosis as evaluated by the downregulation of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-3, caspase-8, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), ultimately improving lung injury in the ALI model mice. Mechanism studies demonstrated that the knockout of methyltransferase 3 (N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit) removed the m6A modification of miR-29a-3p and reduced miR-29a-3p expression. Our findings suggest that miR-29a-3p is a potential target that can be manipulated for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cui
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Center for neuroscience and behavior, Changsha medical university, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Fengyu Lin
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Mingjun Rao
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yi li
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Huaying Liang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Minhui Dai
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Duoduo Han
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Rongli Lu
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wenzhong Peng
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Chao Song
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood transfusion, The third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410000, China
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Enkhbaatar P, Csanyi G, Caldwell RW, Hundsberger H, Sridhar S, Lever AA, Hudel M, Ash D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T, Chakraborty T, Verin A, Eaton DC, Romero M, Hamacher J. Dichotomous Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pulmonary Barrier Function and Alveolar Fluid Clearance. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793251. [PMID: 35264975 PMCID: PMC8899333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID-19. Apart from barrier dysfunction, ARDS is characterized by hyper-inflammation and impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which foster the development of pulmonary permeability edema and hamper gas exchange. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic cytokine, involved in host immune defense against pathogens and cancer. TNF exists in both membrane-bound and soluble form and its mainly -but not exclusively- pro-inflammatory and cytolytic actions are mediated by partially overlapping TNFR1 and TNFR2 binding sites situated at the interface between neighboring subunits in the homo-trimer. Whereas TNFR1 signaling can mediate hyper-inflammation and impaired barrier function and AFC in the lungs, ligand stimulation of TNFR2 can protect from ventilation-induced lung injury. Spatially distinct from the TNFR binding sites, TNF harbors within its structure a lectin-like domain that rather protects lung function in ARDS. The lectin-like domain of TNF -mimicked by the 17 residue TIP peptide- represents a physiological mediator of alveolar-capillary barrier protection. and increases AFC in both hydrostatic and permeability pulmonary edema animal models. The TIP peptide directly activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) -a key mediator of fluid and blood pressure control- upon binding to its α subunit, which is also a part of the non-selective cation channel (NSC). Activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF is preserved in complexes between TNF and its soluble TNFRs and can be physiologically relevant in pneumonia. Antibody- and soluble TNFR-based therapeutic strategies show considerable success in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, but their chronic use can increase susceptibility to infection. Since the lectin-like domain of TNF does not interfere with TNF's anti-bacterial actions, while exerting protective actions in the alveolar-capillary compartments, it is currently evaluated in clinical trials in ARDS and COVID-19. A more comprehensive knowledge of the precise role of the TNFR binding sites versus the lectin-like domain of TNF in lung injury, tissue hypoxia, repair and remodeling may foster the development of novel therapeutics for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Rudolf Lucas,
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert W. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alice Ann Lever
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Martina Hudel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Douglas C. Eaton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maritza Romero
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Jürg Hamacher,
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9
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Liu J, Dean DA. Gene Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 12:786255. [PMID: 35111077 PMCID: PMC8801611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.786255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical syndrome that leads to acute respiratory failure and accounts for over 70,000 deaths per year in the United States alone, even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. While its molecular details have been teased apart and its pathophysiology largely established over the past 30 years, relatively few pharmacological advances in treatment have been made based on this knowledge. Indeed, mortality remains very close to what it was 30 years ago. As an alternative to traditional pharmacological approaches, gene therapy offers a highly controlled and targeted strategy to treat the disease at the molecular level. Although there is no single gene or combination of genes responsible for ARDS, there are a number of genes that can be targeted for upregulation or downregulation that could alleviate many of the symptoms and address the underlying mechanisms of this syndrome. This review will focus on the pathophysiology of ARDS and how gene therapy has been used for prevention and treatment. Strategies for gene delivery to the lung, such as barriers encountered during gene transfer, specific classes of genes that have been targeted, and the outcomes of these approaches on ARDS pathogenesis and resolution will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David A. Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Hou Y, Li J, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Luteolin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome by activating alveolar epithelial sodium channels via cGMP/PI3K pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114654. [PMID: 34537283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luteolin (Lut) was recently identified as the major active ingredient of Mosla scabra, which was a typical representative traditional Chinese medicine and had been used to treat pulmonary diseases for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to explore the effects and relative mechanisms of Lut in LPS-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). The main characteristic of ALI/ARDS is pulmonary edema, and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a key factor in effective removal of excessive alveolar edematous fluid, which is essential for repairing gas exchange and minimizing damage to the peripheral tissues. However, whether the therapeutic effects of Lut on respiratory diseases are relative with ENaC is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alveolar fluid clearance was calculated in BALB/c mice and ENaC function was measured in H441 cells. Moreover, ENaC membrane protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. We also studied the involvement of cGMP/PI3K pathway during the regulation of Lut on ENaC during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS by ELISA method and applying cGMP/PI3K inhibitors/siRNA. RESULTS The beneficial effects of Lut in ALI/ARDS were evidenced by the alleviation of pulmonary edema, and enhancement of both amiloride-sensitive alveolar fluid clearance and short-circuit currents. Lut could alleviate the LPS decreased expression levels of ENaC mRNA and membrane protein in H441 cells and mouse lung. In addition, cGMP concentration was increased after the administration of Lut in ALI/ARDS mice, while the inhibition of cGMP/PI3K pathway could abrogate the enhanced AFC and ENaC protein expression of Lut. CONCLUSION These results implied that Lut could attenuate pulmonary edema via enhancing the abundance of membrane ENaC at least partially through the cGMP/PI3K pathway, which could provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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11
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Sriram K, Insel MB, Insel PA. Inhaled β2 Adrenergic Agonists and Other cAMP-Elevating Agents: Therapeutics for Alveolar Injury and Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:488-526. [PMID: 34795026 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and short-acting β-adrenergic agonists are approved for the treatment of obstructive lung disease via actions mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) that increase cellular cAMP synthesis. This review discusses the potential of β2-AR agonists, in particular LABAs, for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We emphasize ARDS induced by pneumonia and focus on the pathobiology of ARDS and actions of LABAs and cAMP on pulmonary and immune cell types. β2-AR agonists/cAMP have beneficial actions that include protection of epithelial and endothelial cells from injury, restoration of alveolar fluid clearance, and reduction of fibrotic remodeling. β2-AR agonists/cAMP also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system by actions on several types of immune cells. Early administration is likely critical for optimizing efficacy of LABAs or other cAMP-elevating agents, such as agonists of other Gs-coupled G protein-coupled receptors or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clinical studies that target lung injury early, prior to development of ARDS, are thus needed to further assess the use of inhaled LABAs, perhaps combined with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting muscarinic cholinergic antagonists. Such agents may provide a multipronged, repurposing, and efficacious therapeutic approach while minimizing systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after pulmonary alveolar injury (e.g., certain viral infections) is associated with ∼40% mortality and in need of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the pathobiology of ARDS, focusing on contributions of pulmonary and immune cell types and potentially beneficial actions of β2 adrenergic receptors and cAMP. Early administration of inhaled β2 adrenergic agonists and perhaps other cAMP-elevating agents after alveolar injury may be a prophylactic approach to prevent development of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael B Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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12
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Ba G, Tang R, Mao S, Li Z, Ye H, Lin H, Zhang W. The Expression and Regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 84:139-146. [PMID: 34551419 DOI: 10.1159/000517101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) is essential in maintaining cell permeability, reserving potential energy, and preventing cellular edema. Nevertheless, how NKA expression is altered and regulated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) remain uncertain. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the expression and regulation of NKA in CRSwNP. METHODS NKA immunolabeling was assessed by the immunohistochemistry method, NKA protein levels were detected with the Western blotting method, and mRNA levels of NKA and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) were assayed by real-time PCR in nasal tissues from CRSwNP and control subjects. The co-localization of NKA with inflammatory cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were cultured and stimulated using various stimulators to evaluate the regulation of NKA. RESULTS We found significantly decreased NKA positive cells, NKA protein levels, and mRNA levels of NKA and AQP5 in nasal tissues from CRSwNP patients compared to control subjects, especially in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Furthermore, NKA mRNA levels in HNECs were downregulated by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), inflammatory cytokine (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-1β. CONCLUSION NKA and AQP5 expressions were decreased in CRSwNP. NKA in HNECs could be suppressed by SEB, LPS, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-1β. Impairment of NKA may contribute to the genesis and development of CRSwNP via inducing AQP5 downregulation and edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
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13
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Escherichia coli infection activates the production of IFN-α and IFN-β via the JAK1/STAT1/2 signaling pathway in lung cells. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1609-1622. [PMID: 34524541 PMCID: PMC8441250 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli infections can result in lung injury, which may be closely linked to the induction of interferon secretion. The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of most important pathways that regulate interferon production. Thus, the present study aimed to dissect whether E. coli infections can regulate interferon production and the underlying mechanisms. For this aim, two lung cell lines, a human bronchial epithelial cell line transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2b) and a human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1) cell line, were used. The effects of E. coli infections on interferon production were studied using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and siRNA knockdown assays. E. coli infections remarkably promoted the expression levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISGs. Major components of the JAK/STAT pathway, including JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2, were demonstrated to be regulated by E. coli infections. Importantly, knockdown of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2 abolished the induction of IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISGs by E. coli. Therefore, experiments in the present study demonstrated that E. coli infections remarkably promoted interferon production in lung cells, which was closely regulated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The findings in the present study are useful for further understanding the pathogenesis of E. coli infections in the lung and finding novel therapies to treat E. coli-induced lung injury.
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14
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Role of pirfenidone in TGF-β pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: a theoretical perspective. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:712-727. [PMID: 33880743 PMCID: PMC8057922 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes pulmonary injury or multiple-organ injury by various pathological pathways. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key factor that is released during SARS-CoV-2 infection. TGF-β, by internalization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), suppresses the anti-oxidant system, downregulates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and activates the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). These changes cause inflammation and lung injury along with coagulopathy. Moreover, reactive oxygen species play a significant role in lung injury, which levels up during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Drug Suggestion Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic drug with an anti-oxidant activity that can prevent lung injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the maturation process of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and enhancing the protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Pirfenidone is a safe drug for patients with hypertension or diabetes and its side effect tolerated well. Conclusion The drug as a theoretical perspective may be an effective and safe choice for suppressing the inflammatory response during COVID-19. The recommendation would be a combination of pirfenidone and N-acetylcysteine to achieve maximum benefit during SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
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15
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Homophilic and heterophilic cadherin bond rupture forces in homo- or hetero-cellular systems measured by AFM-based single-cell force spectroscopy. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 50:543-559. [PMID: 33880610 PMCID: PMC8190030 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins enable intercellular adherens junctions to withstand tensile forces in tissues, e.g. generated by intracellular actomyosin contraction. In-vitro single molecule force spectroscopy experiments can reveal cadherin–cadherin extracellular region binding dynamics such as bond formation and strength. However, characterization of cadherin-presenting cell homophilic and heterophilic binding in the proteins’ native conformational and functional states in living cells has rarely been done. Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) to measure rupture forces of homophilic and heterophilic bond formation of N- (neural), OB- (osteoblast) and E- (epithelial) cadherins in living fibroblast and epithelial cells in homo- and hetero-cellular arrangements, i.e., between cells and cadherins of the same and different types. In addition, we used indirect immunofluorescence labelling to study and correlate the expression of these cadherins in intercellular adherens junctions. We showed that N/N and E/E-cadherin homophilic binding events are stronger than N/OB heterophilic binding events. Disassembly of intracellular actin filaments affects the cadherin bond rupture forces suggesting a contribution of actin filaments in cadherin extracellular binding. Inactivation of myosin did not affect the cadherin rupture force in both homo- and hetero-cellular arrangements, but particularly strengthened the N/OB heterophilic bond and reinforced the other cadherins’ homophilic bonds.
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Mraheil MA, Toque HA, La Pietra L, Hamacher J, Phanthok T, Verin A, Gonzales J, Su Y, Fulton D, Eaton DC, Chakraborty T, Lucas R. Dual Role of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:962-978. [PMID: 32283950 PMCID: PMC8035917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance:Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive human pathogen with increasing rates of penicillin and macrolide resistance, is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. Pneumococci are a primary agent of severe pneumonia in children younger than 5 years and of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. A major defense mechanism toward Spn is the generation of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during the oxidative burst of neutrophils and macrophages. Paradoxically, Spn produces high endogenous levels of H2O2 as a strategy to promote colonization. Recent Advances: Pneumococci, which express neither catalase nor common regulators of peroxide stress resistance, have developed unique mechanisms to protect themselves from H2O2. Spn generates high levels of H2O2 as a strategy to promote colonization. Production of H2O2 moreover constitutes an important virulence phenotype and its cellular activities overlap and complement those of other virulence factors, such as pneumolysin, in modulating host immune responses and promoting organ injury. Critical Issues: This review examines the dual role of H2O2 in pneumococcal pneumonia, from the viewpoint of both the pathogen (defense mechanisms, lytic activity toward competing pathogens, and virulence) and the resulting host-response (inflammasome activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier in the lungs). Future Directions: An understanding of the complexity of H2O2-mediated host-pathogen interactions is necessary to develop novel strategies that target these processes to enhance lung function during severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luigi La Pietra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juerg Hamacher
- Internal Medicine and Pneumology, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine V-Pneumology, Allergology, Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tenzing Phanthok
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center and Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Zyrianova T, Lopez B, Liao A, Gu C, Wong L, Ottolia M, Olcese R, Schwingshackl A. BK Channels Regulate LPS-induced CCL-2 Release from Human Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:224-234. [PMID: 33217242 PMCID: PMC7874395 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently established a role for the stretch-activated two-pore-domain K+ (K2P) channel TREK-1 (K2P2.1) in inflammatory cytokine secretion using models of hyperoxia-, mechanical stretch-, and TNF-α-induced acute lung injury. We have now discovered the expression of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and primary human alveolar epithelial cells using semiquantitative real-time PCR, IP and Western blot, and investigated their role in inflammatory cytokine secretion using an LPS-induced acute lung injury model. As expected, LPS induced IL-6 and CCL-2 secretion from pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. BK activation with NS1619 decreased LPS-induced CCL-2 but not IL-6 secretion from endothelial cells and had no effect on epithelial cells, although fluorometric assays revealed that BK activation hyperpolarized the plasma membrane potential (Em) of both cell types. Interestingly, BK inhibition (Paxilline) did not alter cytokine secretion or the Em in either cell type. Furthermore, LPS treatment by itself did not affect the Em or intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Therefore, we propose BK channel activation as a novel targeted approach to counteract LPS-induced CCL-2 secretion from endothelial cells. This protective effect appears to occur via Em hyperpolarization but independent of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Metz JK, Wiegand B, Schnur S, Knoth K, Schneider-Daum N, Groß H, Croston G, Reinheimer TM, Lehr CM, Hittinger M. Modulating the Barrier Function of Human Alveolar Epithelial (hAELVi) Cell Monolayers as a Model of Inflammation. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 48:252-267. [DOI: 10.1177/0261192920983015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an important problem, particularly in the present time with the Covid-19 pandemic. However, an adequate in vitro test system to monitor the barrier function of the alveolar epithelium during inflammation and for assessing anti-inflammatory drugs is urgently needed. Therefore, we treated human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus-immortalised cells (hAELVi cells) with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (25 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (30 ng/ml), in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone (HC). While TNF-α and IFN-γ are known to reduce epithelial barrier properties, HC could be expected to protect the barrier function and result in an anti-inflammatory effect. We investigated the impact of anti-inflammatory/inflammatory treatment on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the apparent permeability coefficient (P app) of the low permeability marker sodium fluorescein (NaFlu). After incubating hAELVi cells for 48 hours with a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ, there was a significant decrease in TEER and a significant increase in the P app. The presence of HC maintained the TEER values and barrier properties, so that no significant P app change was observed. By using hAELVi cells to study anti-inflammatory drugs in vitro, the need for animal experiments could be reduced and pulmonary drug development accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Katharina Metz
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Schnur
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- 3RProducts Marius Hittinger, Blieskastel, Germany
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19
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Chen B, Lu C, Gu HQ, Li Y, Zhang G, Lio J, Luo X, Zhang L, Hu Y, Lan X, Chen Z, Xie Q, Pan H. Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:633767. [PMID: 34025575 PMCID: PMC8134697 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.633767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hyperuricemia frequently associates with respiratory diseases, patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) can show marked hypouricemia. Previous studies on the association of serum uric acid with risk of adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 have produced contradictory results. The precise relationship between admission serum uric acid and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients is unknown. METHODS Data of patients affected by laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and admitted to Leishenshan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was composite and comprised events, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between serum concentrations of uric acid and the composite outcome, as well as each of its components. To determine the association between serum uric acid and in-hospital adverse outcomes, serum uric acid was also categorized by restricted cubic spline, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS The study cohort included 1854 patients (mean age, 58 years; 52% women). The overall mean ± SD of serum levels of uric acid was 308 ± 96 µmol/L. Among them, 95 patients were admitted to ICU, 75 patients received mechanical ventilation, and 38 died. In total, 114 patients reached composite end-points (have either ICU admission, mechanical ventilation or death) during hospitalization. Compared with a reference group with estimated baseline serum uric acid of 279-422 µmol/L, serum uric acid values ≥ 423 µmol/L were associated with an increased risk of composite outcome (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.07- 6.29) and mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.06- 8.51). Serum uric acid ≤ 278 µmol/L was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.18- 3.65), ICU admission (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.17- 4.05]), and mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.06- 4.28), as assessed by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the association between admission serum uric acid and composite outcome of COVID-19 patients was U-shaped. In particular, we found that compared with baseline serum uric acid levels of 279-422 µmol/L, values ≥ 423 µmol/L were associated with an increased risk of composite outcome and mechanical ventilation, whereas levels ≤ 278 µmol/L associated with increased risk of composite outcome, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Qiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jonathan Lio
- Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiongyan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingshu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Lan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zerong Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qibing Xie, ; Huaqin Pan,
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qibing Xie, ; Huaqin Pan,
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20
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Low-dose chlorine exposure impairs lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Life Sci 2020; 267:118912. [PMID: 33338503 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the different consequences of acute and chronic exposure to chlorine gas (Cl2) on the functional and histological parameters of health mice. MAIN METHODS Firstly, male BALB/c mice were acute exposed to 3.3 or 33.3 or 70.5 mg/m3 Cl2. We analyzed the lung function, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage, cell influx in the peribrochoalveolar space and mucus production. In a second phase, mice were chronic exposed to 70.5 mg/m3 Cl2. Besides the first phase analyses, we also evaluated the epithelial cells thickness, collagen deposition in the airways, immunohistochemistry stain for IL-1β, iNOS, IL-17 and ROCK-2 and the levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-1β and TNF-α in lung homogenate. KEY FINDINGS Acute exposure to chlorine impaired the lung function, increased the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF and in the airways, also increased the mucus production. Furthermore, when chlorine was exposed chronically, increased the airway remodeling with collagen deposition and epithelial cells thickness, positive cells for IL-1β, iNOS, IL-17 in the airways and in the alveolar walls and ROCK-2 in the alveolar walls, lung inflammation with increased levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-1β and TNF-α in the lung homogenate, and also, induced the acid mucus production by the nasal epithelium. SIGNIFICANCE Acute and chronic exposure to low dose of chlorine gas worsens lung function, induces oxidative stress activation and mucus production and contributes to augmenting inflammation in health mice.
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21
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Hoevenaar M, Goossens D, Roorda J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system, type-2 diabetes, interleukin-6, and their interactions regarding the complex COVID-19 pathophysiological crossroads. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21:1470320320979097. [PMID: 33283602 PMCID: PMC7724427 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320979097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the current COVID-19-pandemic, the world is currently being held hostage in various lockdowns. ACE2 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry, and is at the very center of several pathophysiological pathways regarding the RAAS, CS, KKS, T2DM, and IL-6. Their interactions with severe COVID-19 complications (e.g. ARDS and thrombosis), and potential therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janne Roorda
- Medical Doctor, General Practice
van Dijk, Oisterwijk, The Netherlands
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22
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Tim‑3 regulates the ability of macrophages to counter lipopolysaccharide‑induced pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt pathway in epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:534-542. [PMID: 32377751 PMCID: PMC7248473 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction is a critical pathological component of lung injury, caused primarily by impaired epithelial cell migration. Moreover, macrophage-epithelial interactions in pulmonary alveoli may either protect or damage epithelial barrier function. To investigate the effects of different macrophage subtypes, M1 and M2, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, M1 and M2 macrophages were used to treat LPS-injured musculus lung epithelial cells (MLE-12). Barrier function was evaluated by monitoring cell monolayer permeability, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3) small interfering RNA and anti-mouse Tim-3 antibody were used to knockdown or block endogenous Tim-3, to verify the role of the Tim-3 in macrophage-mediated barrier protection in LPS-injured MLE-12 cells. LY294002 was used to inhibit the activity of PI3K to verify the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the restoration of epithelial cell. The present results revealed that co-culture of LPS-treated epithelial MLE-12 cells with M1 macrophages decreased cell migration and promoted permeability, whereas co-culture with M2 macrophages caused the opposite effects. It was determined that blocking T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3) signaling in macrophages and PI3K/Akt signaling in epithelial cells eliminated the barrier protection supplied by M2 macrophages. Tim-3, which maintains macrophage M2 polarization, is a key component of the macrophage-mediated barrier-repair process, while M2 macrophages regulate PI3K/Akt signaling in epithelial cells, which in turn enhances pulmonary epithelial barrier function by restoring cell migration.
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23
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Gonzales J, Gorshkov B, Bodmer T, Berthiaume Y, Moehrlen U, Lode H, Huwer H, Hudel M, Mraheil MA, Toque HAF, Chakraborty T, Hamacher J. Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040223. [PMID: 32252376 PMCID: PMC7232160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland;
| | - Hartmut Lode
- Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany;
| | - Martina Hudel
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Haroldo Alfredo Flores Toque
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
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24
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Wang XL, Yan R, Zhang Z, Cong GZ, Yi ZJ, Leng YP, Chen AF. Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 aggravates LPS-induced lung injury in mice via an MDA5-independent pathway. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2182-2182. [PMID: 32049361 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) has been shown to participate in the regulation of endothelial cells (ECs), as well as local and systemic inflammatory responses. Here, we find that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of ADAR1 in lung ECs is impaired in aged mice, an animal model with high rates of sepsis and mortality. Endothelial cell-specific ADAR1 knockout (ADAR1ECKO ) mice suffer from higher mortality rates, aggravated lung injury, and increased vascular permeability under LPS challenge. In primary ADAR1 knockout ECs, expression of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), a downstream effector of ADAR1, is significantly elevated. MDA5 knockout completely rescues the postnatal offspring death of ADAR1ECKO mice. However, there is no reduction in mortality or apoptosis in lung cells of ADAR1ECKO /MDA5-/- mice challenged with LPS, indicating the involvement of an MDA5-independent mechanism in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Wang
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Cong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Ping Leng
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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25
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Kashiouris MG, L’Heureux M, Cable CA, Fisher BJ, Leichtle SW, Fowler AA. The Emerging Role of Vitamin C as a Treatment for Sepsis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020292. [PMID: 31978969 PMCID: PMC7070236 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Decades of research have failed to identify any specific therapeutic targets outside of antibiotics, infectious source elimination, and supportive care. More recently, vitamin C has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent to treat sepsis. Vitamin C has been shown to be deficient in septic patients and the administration of high dose intravenous as opposed to oral vitamin C leads to markedly improved and elevated serum levels. Its physiologic role in sepsis includes attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, improving vasopressor synthesis, enhancing immune cell function, improving endovascular function, and epigenetic immunologic modifications. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of vitamin C and two recent studies have shown promising data on mortality improvement. Currently, larger randomized controlled studies are underway to validate these findings. With further study, vitamin C may become standard of care for the treatment of sepsis, but given its safety profile, current treatment can be justified with compassionate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos G. Kashiouris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.L.); (C.A.C.); (B.J.F.); (A.A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(804)-828-9893
| | - Michael L’Heureux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.L.); (C.A.C.); (B.J.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Casey A. Cable
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.L.); (C.A.C.); (B.J.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Bernard J. Fisher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.L.); (C.A.C.); (B.J.F.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Stefan W. Leichtle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980454, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Alpha A. Fowler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 E Broad St., P.O. Box 980050, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.L.); (C.A.C.); (B.J.F.); (A.A.F.)
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26
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Soni S, Tirlapur N, O'Dea KP, Takata M, Wilson MR. Microvesicles as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:931-941. [PMID: 31724440 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1692816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease; it is a common and devastating condition that has a high mortality. Treatment is limited to supportive measures hence novel pharmacological approaches are necessary. We propose a new direction in ARDS research; this means moving away from thinking about individual inflammatory mediators and instead investigating how packaged information is transmitted between cells. Microvesicles (MVs) represent a novel vehicle for inter-cellular communication with an emerging role in ARDS pathophysiology.Areas covered: This review examines current approaches to ARDS and emerging MV research. We describe advances in our understanding of microvesicles and focus on their pro-inflammatory roles in airway and endothelial signaling. We also offer reasons for why MVs are attractive therapeutic targets.Expert opinion: MVs have a key role in ARDS pathophysiology. Preclinical studies must move away from simple models toward more realistic scenarios while clinical studies must embrace patient heterogeneity. Microvesicles have the potential to aid identification of patients who may benefit from particular treatments and act as biomarkers of cellular status and disease progression. Understanding microvesicle cargoes and their cellular interactions will undoubtedly uncover new targets for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanooj Soni
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikhil Tirlapur
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kieran P O'Dea
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Li H, Li J, Luo Y, Yan X. Novel insights into the role of LRRC8A in ameliorating alveolar fluid clearance in LPS induced acute lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172613. [PMID: 31421089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8A (LRRC8A) protein was recently identified as an essential component of volume-regulated anion channel which plays a central role in maintaining cell volume. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of LRRC8A in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and the effect of inflammatory cytokines on LRRC8A and the underlying mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to generate a rat acute lung injury model. The results showed that the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased significantly, but the expression of LRRC8A in the lung tissue decreased dramatically in the acute lung injury group followed by a decline in the AFC rate. Additionally, LRRC8A knockdown reduced AFC in normal rats. However, specific overexpression of LRRC8A in the lung could increase AFC. Furthermore, we observed the effects of LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 on the LRRC8A current in alveolar type II (ATII) cells, and IL-1β showed the greatest inhibition among them, which was involved in phospho-p38 activation. Overall, LRRC8A plays an essential role in the progression of AFC in LPS-induced acute lung injury, and chronic treatment with IL-1β or TNF-α could inhibit the function of LRRC8A in ATII cells by targeting phospho-p38. All of the findings suggested that LRRC8A could be a new partner in AFC and a potential target for the treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of pharmacology, School of pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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28
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Armstrong DA, Chen Y, Dessaint JA, Aridgides DS, Channon JY, Mellinger DL, Christensen BC, Ashare A. DNA Methylation Changes in Regional Lung Macrophages Are Associated with Metabolic Differences. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:274-281. [PMID: 31356157 PMCID: PMC6686200 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pulmonary diseases occur with upper lobe predominance, including cystic fibrosis and smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the healthy lung, several physiologic and metabolic factors exhibit disparity when comparing the upper lobe of the lung to lower lobe, including differences in oxygenation, ventilation, lymphatic flow, pH, and blood flow. In this study, we asked whether these regional differences in the lung are associated with DNA methylation changes in lung macrophages that could potentially lead to altered cell responsiveness upon subsequent environmental challenge. All analyses were performed using primary lung macrophages collected via bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy human subjects with normal pulmonary function. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was examined via Infinium MethylationEPIC (850K) array and validated by targeted next-generation bisulfite sequencing. We observed 95 CpG loci with significant differential methylation in lung macrophages, comparing upper lobe to lower lobe (all false discovery rate < 0.05). Several of these genes, including CLIP4, HSH2D, NR4A1, SNX10, and TYK2, have been implicated as participants in inflammatory/immune-related biological processes. Functionally, we identified phenotypic differences in oxygen use, comparing upper versus lower lung macrophages. Our results support a hypothesis that epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation, at a multitude of gene loci in lung macrophages are associated with metabolic differences regionally in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756;
| | - Youdinghuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - John A Dessaint
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Daniel S Aridgides
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Jacqueline Y Channon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Diane L Mellinger
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
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29
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Canella R, Martini M, Cavicchio C, Cervellati F, Benedusi M, Valacchi G. Involvement of the TREK-1 channel in human alveolar cell membrane potential and its regulation by inhibitors of the chloride current. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17704-17713. [PMID: 30805940 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
K+ channels of the alveolar epithelium control the driving force acting on the ionic and solvent flow through the cell membrane contributing to the maintenance of cell volume and the constitution of epithelial lining fluid. In the present work, we analyze the effect of the Cl- channel inhibitors: (4-[(2-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-inden-5-yl)oxy] butanoic acid (DCPIB) and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-AC) on the total current in a type II pneumocytes (A549 cell line) model by patch clamp, immunocytochemical, and gene knockdown techniques. We noted that DCPIB and 9-AC promote the activation of K conductance. In fact, they significantly increase the intensity of the current and shift its reversal potential to values more negative than the control. By silencing outward rectifier channel in its anoctamin 6 portion, we excluded a direct involvement of Cl- ions in modulation of IK and, by means of functional tests with its specific inhibitor spadin, we identified the TREK-1 channel as the presumable target of both drugs. As the activity of TREK-1 has a key role for the correct functioning of the alveolar epithelium, the identification of DCPIB and 9-AC molecules as its activators suggests their possible use to build new pharmacological tools for the modulation of this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Cavicchio
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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STAT3 signaling maintains homeostasis through a barrier function and cell survival in corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang J, Ruan F, Zheng Z. Ripasudil Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells via ROCK2/eNOS Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3212-3219. [PMID: 29766980 PMCID: PMC5984573 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular endothelial inflammation and apoptosis are responsible for septic acute lung injury (ALI). Ripasudil is a novel Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor which shows therapeutic effects on several vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and correlated molecular mechanisms of ripasudil on lipopolysaccharide- induced inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured PMVECs were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ripasudil at various concentrations was used to treat the cells. Several cells were also co-administrated with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Terminal dUTP transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptosis. The colorimetric method was used to measure the activity of eNOS and ROCK2. Protein phosphorylation and expression were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Ripasudil attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PMVECs, which was reversed by L-NAME. Ripasudil suppressed ROCK2 activity and further increased the eNOS activity. Ripasudil treatment increased the phosphorylation of eNOS, increased the expression level of Bcl2, and decreased the expression level of active caspase3 in LPS-treated PMVECs. Moreover, the ripasudil treatment also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and further suppressed the levels of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. The co-treatment with L-NAME, however, impaired the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of ripasudil on PMVECs without affecting ROCK2. CONCLUSIONS The novel ROCK2 inhibitor ripasudil suppressed LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in PMVECs by regulating the ROCK2/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Ruan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongjun Zheng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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