1
|
Zhuang C, Yang S, Gonzalez CG, Ainsworth RI, Li S, Kobayashi MT, Wierzbicki I, Rossitto LAM, Wen Y, Peti W, Stanford SM, Gonzalez DJ, Murali R, Santelli E, Bottini N. A novel gain-of-function phosphorylation site modulates PTPN22 inhibition of TCR signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107393. [PMID: 38777143 PMCID: PMC11237943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is encoded by a major autoimmunity gene and is a known inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and drug target for cancer immunotherapy. However, little is known about PTPN22 posttranslational regulation. Here, we characterize a phosphorylation site at Ser325 situated C terminal to the catalytic domain of PTPN22 and its roles in altering protein function. In human T cells, Ser325 is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) following TCR stimulation, which promotes its TCR-inhibitory activity. Signaling through the major TCR-dependent pathway under PTPN22 control was enhanced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated suppression of Ser325 phosphorylation and inhibited by mimicking it via glutamic acid substitution. Global phospho-mass spectrometry showed Ser325 phosphorylation state alters downstream transcriptional activity through enrichment of Swi3p, Rsc8p, and Moira domain binding proteins, and next-generation sequencing revealed it differentially regulates the expression of chemokines and T cell activation pathways. Moreover, in vitro kinetic data suggest the modulation of activity depends on a cellular context. Finally, we begin to address the structural and mechanistic basis for the influence of Ser325 phosphorylation on the protein's properties by deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In conclusion, this study explores the function of a novel phosphorylation site of PTPN22 that is involved in complex regulation of TCR signaling and provides details that might inform the future development of allosteric modulators of PTPN22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos G Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard I Ainsworth
- Department of Medicine, Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Masumi Takayama Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Igor Wierzbicki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Leigh-Ana M Rossitto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yutao Wen
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crespo AR, Luna SG, Moës B, Rodriguez A, Rudd CE. The many faceted role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in T cells and cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2024; 5:11-16. [PMID: 38813058 PMCID: PMC11134095 DOI: 10.46439/cancerbiology.5.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rivas Crespo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Guil Luna
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain
| | - Bastien Moës
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Antonio Rodriguez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yakubovich E, Cook DP, Rodriguez GM, Vanderhyden BC. Mesenchymal ovarian cancer cells promote CD8 + T cell exhaustion through the LGALS3-LAG3 axis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:61. [PMID: 38086828 PMCID: PMC10716312 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often metastasize by undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although abundance of CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironment correlates with improved survival, mesenchymal cancer cells acquire greater resistance to antitumor immunity in some cancers. We hypothesized the EMT modulates the immune response to ovarian cancer. Here we show that cancer cells from infiltrated/inflamed tumors possess more mesenchymal cells, than excluded and desert tumors. We also noted high expression of LGALS3 is associated with EMT in vivo, a finding validated with in vitro EMT models. Dissecting the cellular communications among populations in the tumor revealed that mesenchymal cancer cells in infiltrated tumors communicate through LGALS3 to LAG3 receptor expressed by CD8+ T cells. We found CD8+ T cells express high levels of LAG3, a marker of T cell exhaustion. The results indicate that EMT in ovarian cancer cells promotes interactions between cancer cells and T cells through the LGALS3 - LAG3 axis, which could increase T cell exhaustion in infiltrated tumors, dampening antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yakubovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - David P Cook
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guil-Luna S, Rivas-Crespo A, Navarrete-Sirvent C, Mantrana A, Pera A, Mena-Osuna R, Toledano-Fonseca M, García-Ortíz MV, Villar C, Sánchez-Montero MT, Krueger J, Medina-Fernández FJ, De La Haba-Rodríguez J, Gómez-España A, Aranda E, Rudd CE, Rodríguez-Ariza A. Clinical significance of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) expression and tumor budding grade in colorectal cancer: Implications for targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115592. [PMID: 37778272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) has been proposed as a novel cancer target due to its regulating role in both tumor and immune cells. However, the connection between GSK-3 and immunoevasive contexture, including tumor budding (TB) has not been previously examined. METHODS we investigated the expression levels of total GSK-3 as well as its isoforms (GSK-3β and GSK-3α) and examined their potential correlation with TB grade and the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor samples. Additionally, we compared the efficacy of GSK-3-inhibition with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in humanized patient-derived (PDXs) xenografts models of high-grade TB CRC. RESULTS we show that high-grade (BD3) TB CRC is associated with elevated expression levels of total GSK-3, specifically the GSK-3β isoform, along with increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells. Moreover, we define an improved risk stratification of CRC patients based on the presence of GSK-3+/PD-L1+/BD3 tumors, which are associated with a worse prognosis. Significantly, in contrast to the PD-L1/PD-1 blockade approach, the inhibition GSK-3 demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the antitumor response. This was achieved through the reduction of tumor buds via necrosis and apoptosis pathways, along with a notable increase of activated tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and CD4- CD8- T cells. CONCLUSIONS our study provides compelling evidence for the clinical significance of GSK-3 expression and TB grade in risk stratification of CRC patients. Moreover, our findings strongly support GSK-3 inhibition as an effective therapy specifically targeting high-grade TB in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guil-Luna
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain; Department of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain..
| | - Aurora Rivas-Crespo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Carmen Navarrete-Sirvent
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Ana Mantrana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael Mena-Osuna
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Marta Toledano-Fonseca
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - María Victoria García-Ortíz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Carlos Villar
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Maria Teresa Sánchez-Montero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain.
| | - Janna Krueger
- Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Juan De La Haba-Rodríguez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Auxiliadora Gómez-España
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Andalusia-ROCHE Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Almeida Rodrigues AK, Silva PG, Nogueira C, Ferreira SS, Cordeiro J, Carneiro B, Tavora F. Expression of tumoral GSK3-β, PD-L1, and CD8 cell density in urothelial carcinomas, association with tumor grade and overall survival. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 12:87-97. [PMID: 38022872 PMCID: PMC10658161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urinary tract, and is biologically and clinically quite heterogeneous. Around 90% of diagnoses are made in the 6th decade, being more prevalent in males. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis play a putative role in immune checkpoint and as a means through which cancer evades the immune system. Inhibition of the glicogênio synthase kinase (GSK) 3 leads to the downregulation of PD-1 via upregulation of the transcription factor Tbet. The use of biomarkers PD-L1 and GSK-3β and evaluation of the immune infiltrate have very promising correlations with urothelial carcinoma prognosis and treatment prediction. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protein expression of PD-L1 and GSK-3β and the CD8-positive immune infiltrates in bladder carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 140 samples of urothelial carcinomas from 2015 to 2018. Automated digitally assisted scoring and conventional analyses of the markers of GSK-3β (27C10), CD8 (7103β) and PDL-1 (22c3), were reviewed by two pathologists independently and a histologic score was calculated. The density of CD8 was also measured. RESULTS The immunoexpression of GSK-3β (91%) was presented in most samples, PD-L1 in 62.9% and CD8 cells present in 46.3% of cases. When analyzed in conjunction, the levels of GSK-3β and PD-L1 (P = 0.033), and CD8 and PD-L1 (P<0.002) showed significant correlations. No significant associations were observed between GSK-3β and CD8. The positivity of GSK-3β and PD-L1 was predominant in high-grade tumors. CONCLUSION Despite the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity, the expression of CD8, GSK-3β and PDL1 could be valuable and GSK-3β could be a potential target in advanced bladder cancer, especially in the context of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Goberlanio Silva
- ICC (Ceara Cancer Institute), Laboratory of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cleto Nogueira
- Argos LaboratoryFortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Ferreira
- Argos LaboratoryFortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cordeiro
- Argos LaboratoryFortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Tavora
- Argos LaboratoryFortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of CearaFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao C, Xiong W, Xu Y, Zou J, Zeng Y, Liu J, Peng Y, Hu C, Wu F. Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance. Front Med 2023; 17:585-616. [PMID: 37725232 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated unparalleled clinical responses and revolutionized the paradigm of tumor treatment, while substantial patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance to ICIs as a single agent, which is traceable to cellular metabolic dysfunction. Although dysregulated metabolism has long been adjudged as a hallmark of tumor, it is now increasingly accepted that metabolic reprogramming is not exclusive to tumor cells but is also characteristic of immunocytes. Correspondingly, people used to pay more attention to the effect of tumor cell metabolism on immunocytes, but in practice immunocytes interact intimately with their own metabolic function in a way that has never been realized before during their activation and differentiation, which opens up a whole new frontier called immunometabolism. The metabolic intervention for tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to break the resistance and ameliorate existing ICI immunotherapy, whose crux might be to ascertain synergistic combinations of metabolic intervention with ICIs to reap synergic benefits and facilitate an adjusted anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we elaborate potential mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance from a novel dimension of metabolic reprogramming in diverse tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, and related metabolic intervention in the hope of offering a reference for targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to circumvent immunotherapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ji'an Zou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yurong Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moghaddam M, Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Libra M, Bonavida B. Cancer resistance via the downregulation of the tumor suppressors RKIP and PTEN expressions: therapeutic implications. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:170-207. [PMID: 37205308 PMCID: PMC10185445 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been reported to be underexpressed in many cancers and plays a role in the regulation of tumor cells' survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, hence, a tumor suppressor. RKIP also regulates tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drugs/cells. Likewise, the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, is either mutated, underexpressed, or deleted in many cancers and shares with RKIP its anti-tumor properties and its regulation in resistance. The transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN expressions and their roles in resistance were reviewed. The underlying mechanism of the interrelationship between the signaling expressions of RKIP and PTEN in cancer is not clear. Several pathways are regulated by RKIP and PTEN and the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of RKIP and PTEN is significantly altered in cancers. In addition, RKIP and PTEN play a key role in the regulation of tumor cells response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, molecular and bioinformatic data revealed crosstalk signaling networks that regulate the expressions of both RKIP and PTEN. These crosstalks involved the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/PI3K pathways and the dysregulated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/Snail/Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/RKIP/PTEN loop in many cancers. Furthermore, further bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the correlations (positive or negative) and the prognostic significance of the expressions of RKIP or PTEN in 31 different human cancers. These analyses were not uniform and only revealed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of RKIP and PTEN only in few cancers. These findings demonstrated the existence of signaling cross-talks between RKIP and PTEN and both regulate resistance. Targeting either RKIP or PTEN (alone or in combination with other therapies) may be sufficient to therapeutically inhibit tumor growth and reverse the tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moghaddam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: Benjamin Bonavida, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1602 Molecular Sciences Building, 609 Charles E. Young Drive, East Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang M, Qin B, Li X, Liu Y, Guan G, You J. New advances in pharmaceutical strategies for sensitizing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and clinical research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1837. [PMID: 35929522 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made continuously to use nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) to improve the effect of antitumor therapy. In recent years, especially in the application of immunotherapy represented by antiprogrammed death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1), it has been vigorously developed. Nanodelivery systems are significantly superior in a number of aspects including increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs, enhancing their targeting ability, prolonging their half-life, and reducing side effects. It can not only directly improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, but also indirectly enhance the antineoplastic efficacy of immunotherapy by boosting the effectiveness of therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Here, we summarize the studies published in recent years on the use of nanotechnology in pharmaceutics to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies, analyze their characteristics and shortcomings, and combine with the current clinical research on anti-PD-1 antibodies to provide a reference for the design of future nanocarriers, so as to further expand the clinical application prospects of NDDSs. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Guan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malekinejad Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Nakhlband A, Baradaran B, Jafari S, Bagheri Y, Raei F, Montazersaheb S, Farahzadi R. Recent clinical findings on the role of kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 management. Life Sci 2022; 306:120809. [PMID: 35841979 PMCID: PMC9278000 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic, novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic with poor consequences, urgently calling for new therapeutics, cures, and supportive interventions. It has already affected over 250 million people worldwide; thereby, there is a need for novel therapies to alleviate the related complications. There is a paradigm shift in developing drugs and clinical practices to combat COVID-19. Several clinical trials have been performed or are testing diverse pharmacological interventions to alleviate viral load and complications such as cytokine release storm (CRS). Kinase-inhibitors have appeared as potential antiviral agents for COVID-19 patients due to their efficacy against CRS. Combination of kinase inhibitors with other therapies can achieve more efficacy against COVID-19. Based on the pre-clinical trials, kinase inhibitors such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitors, Brutton's tyrosin kinase (BTK) inhibitors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) inhibitors, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors can be a promising strategy against COVID-19. Kinase inhibitors possess crucial pharmacological properties for a successful re-purposing in terms of dual anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. This review will address the current clinical evidence and the newest discovery regarding the application of kinase inhibitors in COVID-19. An outlook on ongoing clinical trials (clinicaltrials.gov) and unpublished data is also presented here. Besides, Kinase inhibitors' function on COVID-19-mediated CRS is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Malekinejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ailar Nakhlband
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Bagheri
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Raei
- Departement of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaw G, Cavalcante L, Giles FJ, Taylor A. Elraglusib (9-ING-41), a selective small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, reduces expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 and enhances CD8+ T cell cytolytic killing of melanoma cells. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:134. [PMID: 36104795 PMCID: PMC9472445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase with multiple roles in tumour growth, cell invasion and metastasis. We have previously established GSK-3 as an upstream regulator of PD-1 gene expression in CD8 + T cells and demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition is as effective as anti-PD-1 mAb blockade in controlling tumour growth. Elraglusib (9-ING-41) is a specific small-molecule inhibitor of GSK-3β with clinical activity in patients with advanced cancers, including a patient with refractory melanoma whose response provided the rationale for the current study. Methods The B16 melanoma mouse model was used to observe the effect of elraglusib on tumour growth either as a single agent or in combination (simultaneously and sequentially) with anti-PD-1 mAb treatment. B16 tumour cells were implanted in either the flank, brain or both locations, and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to depict survival and significance determined using log rank tests. Expression of the immune checkpoint molecules, TIGIT, LAG-3 and PD-1, was evaluated using flow cytometry alongside expression of the chemokine receptor, CXCR3. Further evaluation of PD-1 expression was determined through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We demonstrated that elraglusib has a suppressive effect against melanoma as a single agent and enhanced anti-PD-1 therapy. There was a synergistic effect when elraglusib was used in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb, and an even greater effect when used as sequential therapy. Suppression of tumour growth was associated with a reduced expression of immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 with upregulation of CXCR3 expression. Conclusions These data highlight the potential of elraglusib as an immune-modulatory agent and demonstrate the benefit of a sequential approach with immune checkpoint inhibition followed by GSK-3β inhibition in melanoma and provide a rationale for clinical investigation of elraglusib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, including those targeting PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3. This has several potential implications for current immunotherapy regimes, including possibly reducing the intensity of anti-PD-1 mAb treatment needed for response in patients receiving elraglusib, especially given the benign adverse event profile of elraglusib observed to date. Based on these data, a clinical study of elraglusib, an anti-PD-1 mAb and chemotherapy is ongoing (NCT NCT05239182). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01352-x.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moore EK, Strazza M, Mor A. Combination Approaches to Target PD-1 Signaling in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927265. [PMID: 35911672 PMCID: PMC9330480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the US, accounting for 25% of all deaths nationwide. Immunotherapy techniques bolster the immune cells' ability to target malignant cancer cells and have brought immense improvements in the field of cancer treatments. One important inhibitory protein in T cells, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has become an invaluable target for cancer immunotherapy. While anti-PD-1 antibody therapy is extremely successful in some patients, in others it fails or even causes further complications, including cancer hyper-progression and immune-related adverse events. Along with countless translational studies of the PD-1 signaling pathway, there are currently close to 5,000 clinical trials for antibodies against PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1, around 80% of which investigate combinations with other therapies. Nevertheless, more work is needed to better understand the PD-1 signaling pathway and to facilitate new and improved evidence-based combination strategies. In this work, we consolidate recent discoveries of PD-1 signaling mediators and their therapeutic potential in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. We focus on the phosphatases SHP2 and PTPN2; the kinases ITK, VRK2, GSK-3, and CDK4/6; and the signaling adaptor protein PAG. We discuss their biology both in cancer cells and T cells, with a focus on their role in relation to PD-1 to determine their potential in therapeutic combinations. The literature discussed here was obtained from a search of the published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov with the following key terms: checkpoint inhibition, cancer immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, SHP2, PTPN2, ITK, VRK2, CDK4/6, GSK-3, and PAG. Together, we find that all of these proteins are logical and promising targets for combination therapy, and that with a deeper mechanistic understanding they have potential to improve the response rate and decrease adverse events when thoughtfully used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Strazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Badiee P, Maritz MF, Thierry B. Glycogen kinase 3 inhibitor nanoformulation as an alternative strategy to inhibit PD-1 immune checkpoint. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Napoleon JV, Zhang B, Luo Q, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. Design, Synthesis, and Targeted Delivery of an Immune Stimulant that Selectively Reactivates Exhausted CAR T Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113341. [PMID: 35088497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated significant promise in suppressing hematopoietic cancers, their applications in treating solid tumors have been limited by onset of CAR T cell exhaustion that accompanies continuous CAR T cell exposure to tumor antigen. To address this limitation, we have exploited the abilities of recently designed universal CARs to bind fluorescein and internalize a fluorescein-TLR7 agonist conjugate by CAR-mediated endocytosis. We demonstrate here that anti-fluorescein CAR-mediated uptake of a fluorescein-TLR7-3 conjugate can reactivate exhausted CAR T cells, leading to dramatic reduction in T cell exhaustion markers (PD-1+ Tim-3+ ) and shrinkage of otherwise resistant tumors without inducing systemic activation of the immune system. We conclude that CAR T cell exhaustion can be reversed by administration of a CAR-targeted TLR7 agonist, thereby enabling the CAR T cells to successfully treat solid tumors without incurring the systemic toxicity that commonly accompanies administration of nontargeted TLR7 agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Victor Napoleon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Boning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Odia Y, Cavalcante L, Safran H, Powell SF, Munster PN, Ma WW, Carneiro BA, Bastos BR, Mikrut S, Mikrut W, Giles FJ, Sahebjam S. Malignant glioma subset from actuate 1801: Phase I/II study of 9-ING-41, GSK-3β inhibitor, monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy for refractory malignancies. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac012. [PMID: 35402914 PMCID: PMC8989389 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GSK3β serine/threonine kinase regulates metabolism and glycogen biosynthesis. GSK3β overexpression promotes progression and resistance through NF-κB and p53 apoptotic pathways. GSK3β inhibits immunomodulation by downregulating PD-L1 and LAG-3 checkpoints and increasing NK and T-cell tumor killing. 9-ING-41, a small-molecule, selective GSK3β inhibitor, showed preclinical activity in chemo-resistant PDX glioblastoma models, including enhanced lomustine antitumor effect. Methods Refractory malignancies (n = 162) were treated with 9-ING-41 monotherapy (n = 65) or combined with 8 cytotoxic regimens after prior exposure (NCT03678883). Recurrent gliomas (n = 18) were treated with 9-ING-41 IV TIW q21day cycles at 3.3, 5, 9.3, 15 mg/kg, as monotherapy or combined with lomustine 30 mg/m² PO weekly q84day cycles. Primary objective was safety. Results RP2D of 15 mg/kg IV TIW was confirmed across all 9 regimens, no accentuated chemotherapy toxicity noted. Glioma subtypes included: 13 glioblastoma, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 1 astrocytoma. Median age 52 (30-69) years; 6 female, 12 male; median ECOG 1 (0-2); median recurrences 3 (1-6). All received upfront radiation/temozolomide (18/18), plus salvage nitrosoureas (15/18), bevacizumab (8/18), TTFields (6/18), or immunotherapy (4/18). IDH/mutation(3/18); 1p19q/codeletion(1/18); MGMT/methylated(1/18). Four received 9-ING-41 monotherapy, 14 concurrent with lomustine. No severe toxicities were attributed to 9-ING-41, only mild vision changes (9/18, 50%), or infusion reactions (4/18, 22%). Lomustine-related toxicities: G3/4 thrombocytopenia (3/14, 21%), G1/2 fatigue (4/14, 28%). Median days on therapy was 55 (4-305); 1 partial response (>50%) was noted. Median OS was 5.5 (95% CI: 2.8-11.4) months and PFS-6 was 16.7%. Conclusion 9-ING-41 plus/minus lomustine is safe and warrants further study in glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Odia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA,Corresponding Author: Yazmin Odia, MD MS FAAN, Chief of Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 North Kendall Drive, Miami, FL 33176, USA ()
| | | | - Howard Safran
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bruno R Bastos
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Solmaz Sahebjam
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA,Present affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Napoleon JV, Zhang B, Luo Q, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. Design, Synthesis, and Targeted Delivery of an Immune Stimulant that Selectively Reactivates Exhausted CAR T Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Victor Napoleon
- Purdue University Department of Chemistry Purdue University Institute for Drug Discovery720 Clinic Dr, 47907 West lafayette UNITED STATES
| | - Boning Zhang
- Purdue University Chemistry Purdue University Institute for Drug Discovery720 Clinic Dr, 47907 West Lafayette, UNITED STATES
| | - Qian Luo
- Purdue University Chemistry Purdue University Institute for Drug Discovery720 Clinic Dr, 47907 West lafayette UNITED STATES
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue University Chemistry Purdue University Institute for Drug Discovery720 Clinic Dr, 47907 West Lafayette UNITED STATES
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue University Department of Chemistry 720 clinic Dr 47907 West Lafayette UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected more than 140 million and killed more than 3 million people worldwide as of April 20, 2021. The novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as an etiological agent for COVID-19. Several kinases have been proposed as possible mediators of multiple viral infections, including life-threatening coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1, Middle East syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. Viral infections hijack abundant cell signaling pathways, resulting in drastic phosphorylation rewiring in the host and viral proteins. Some kinases play a significant role throughout the viral infection cycle (entry, replication, assembly, and egress), and several of them are involved in the virus-induced hyperinflammatory response that leads to cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ injury, and death. Here, we highlight kinases that are associated with coronavirus infections and their inhibitors with antiviral and potentially anti-inflammatory, cytokine-suppressive, or antifibrotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karati D, Shaoo KK, Mahadik K, Kumr D. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors as a novel promising target in the treatment of cancer: Medicinal chemistry perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
Inhibition of T-antigen expression promoting glycogen synthase kinase 3 impairs merkel cell carcinoma cell growth. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:259-267. [PMID: 34715251 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer frequently caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Since proliferation of MCPyV-positive MCC tumor cells strictly depends on expression of the virus-encoded T antigens (TA), these proteins theoretically represent ideal targets for different kinds of therapeutic approaches. Here we developed a cell-based assay to identify compounds which specifically inhibit growth of MCC cells by repressing TA expression. Applying this technique we screened a kinase inhibitor library and identified six compounds targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) such as CHIR99021 as suppressors of TA transcription in MCC cells. Involvement of GSK3α and -β in the regulation of TA-expression was confirmed by combining GSK3A knockout with inducible GSK3B shRNA knockdown since double knockouts could not be generated. Finally, we demonstrate that CHIR99021 exhibits in vivo antitumor activity in an MCC xenograft mouse model suggesting GSK3 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for the treatment of MCC in the future.
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu Y, He L, Fu Q, Hu J. Metabolic Reprogramming in the Tumor Microenvironment With Immunocytes and Immune Checkpoints. Front Oncol 2021; 11:759015. [PMID: 34858835 PMCID: PMC8632143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab, have been applied in anti-tumor therapy and demonstrated exciting performance compared to conventional treatments. However, the unsatisfactory response rates, high recurrence and adaptive resistance limit their benefits. Metabolic reprogramming appears to be one of the crucial barriers to immunotherapy. The deprivation of required nutrients and altered metabolites not only promote tumor progression but also confer dysfunction on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glycolysis plays a central role in metabolic reprogramming and immunoregulation in the TME, and many therapies targeting glycolysis have been developed, and their combinations with ICIs are in preclinical and clinical trials. Additional attention has been paid to the role of amino acids, lipids, nucleotides and mitochondrial biogenesis in metabolic reprogramming and clinical anti-tumor therapy. This review attempts to describe reprogramming metabolisms within tumor cells and immune cells, from the aspects of glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and their impact on immunity in the TME, as well as the significance of targeting metabolism in anti-tumor therapy, especially in combination with ICIs. In particular, we highlight the expression mechanism of programmed cell death (ligand) 1 [PD-(L)1] in tumor cells and immune cells under reprogramming metabolism, and discuss in detail the potential of targeting key metabolic pathways to break resistance and improve the efficacy of ICIs based on results from current preclinical and clinical trials. Besides, we draw out biomarkers of potential predictive value in ICIs treatment from a metabolic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University/The People's Hospital of LiaoNing Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie He
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University/The People's Hospital of LiaoNing Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University/The People's Hospital of LiaoNing Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junzhe Hu
- The Second Clinic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park R, Coveler AL, Cavalcante L, Saeed A. GSK-3β in Pancreatic Cancer: Spotlight on 9-ING-41, Its Therapeutic Potential and Immune Modulatory Properties. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070610. [PMID: 34356465 PMCID: PMC8301062 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is a protein kinase implicated in the promotion and development of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. In cell culture and animal studies, drugs targeting the inhibition of this protein show treatment potential in pancreatic cancer. Studies show targeting this protein for treatment may overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapy in pancreatic tumors. Early-stage clinical trials are currently studying small molecule inhibitors targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and interim results show favorable results. Recent studies also suggest that targeting this protein will create synergy with immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Future studies should aim to study new combination treatments involving glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta targeting drugs with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed molecule with pleiotropic function. It acts as a protooncogene in the development of several solid tumors including pancreatic cancer through its involvement in various cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis, as well as autophagy. Furthermore, the level of aberrant glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta expression in the nucleus is inversely correlated with tumor differentiation and survival in both in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer. Small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta have demonstrated therapeutic potential in pre-clinical models and are currently being evaluated in early phase clinical trials involving pancreatic cancer patients with interim results showing favorable results. Moreover, recent studies support a rationale for the combination of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, warranting the evaluation of novel combination regimens in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Coveler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA;
| | | | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Cancer Center & Research Institute, Kansas, KS 66205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-913-588-6077
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Steele L, Mannion AJ, Shaw G, Maclennan KA, Cook GP, Rudd CE, Taylor A. Non-redundant activity of GSK-3α and GSK-3β in T cell-mediated tumor rejection. iScience 2021; 24:102555. [PMID: 34142056 PMCID: PMC8188550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a positive regulator of PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells and GSK-3 inhibition enhances T cell function and is effective in the control of tumor growth. GSK-3 has two co-expressed isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Using conditional gene targeting, we demonstrate that both isoforms contribute to T cell function to different degrees. Gsk3b-/- mice suppressed tumor growth to the same degree as Gsk3a/b-/- mice, whereas Gsk3a-/- mice behaved similarly to wild-type, revealing an important role for GSK-3β in regulating T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. The individual GSK-3α and β isoforms have differential effects on PD-1, IFNγ, and granzyme B expression and operate in synergy to control PD-1 expression and the infiltration of tumors with CD4 and CD8 T cells. Our data reveal a complex interplay of the GSK-3 isoforms in the control of tumor immunity and highlight non-redundant activity of GSK-3 isoforms in T cells, with implications for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Steele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Aarren J. Mannion
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kenneth A. Maclennan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Graham P. Cook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Christopher E. Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alison Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang P, Min Z, Gao Y, Bian J, Lin X, He J, Ye D, Li Y, Peng C, Cheng Y, Chu Y. Discovery of Novel Benzothiazepinones as Irreversible Covalent Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitors for the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7341-7358. [PMID: 34027661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, irreversible inhibitors have attracted great interest in antitumors due to their advantages of forming covalent bonds to target proteins. Herein, some benzothiazepinone compounds (BTZs) have been designed and synthesized as novel covalent GSK-3β inhibitors with high selectivity for the kinase panel. The irreversible covalent binding mode was identified by kinetics and mass spectrometry, and the main labeled residue was confirmed to be the unique Cys14 that exists only in GSK-3β. The candidate 4-3 (IC50 = 6.6 μM) showed good proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-inducing ability to leukemia cell lines, low cytotoxicity on normal cell lines, and no hERG inhibition, which hinted the potential efficacy and safety. Furthermore, 4-3 exhibited decent pharmacokinetic properties in vivo and remarkably inhibited tumor growth in the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) mouse model. All the results suggest that these newly irreversible BTZ compounds might be useful in the treatment of cancer such as APL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Lab of New Drug & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Key Lab of Anti-Infectives, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihui Min
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Deyong Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yilin Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rudd CE, Chanthong K, Taylor A. Small Molecule Inhibition of GSK-3 Specifically Inhibits the Transcription of Inhibitory Co-receptor LAG-3 for Enhanced Anti-tumor Immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2075-2082.e4. [PMID: 32075731 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade using antibodies against negative co-receptors such as cytolytic T cell antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) has seen much success treating cancer. However, most patients are still not cured, underscoring the need for improved treatments and the possible development of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) for improved immunotherapy. We previously showed that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β is a central regulator of PD-1 expression, where GSK-3 inhibition down-regulates PD-1 and enhances CD8+ cytolytic T cell (CTL) function, reducing viral infections and tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that GSK-3 also negatively regulates Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. GSK-3 SMIs are more effective than LAG-3 blockade alone in suppressing B16 melanoma growth, while their combination resulted in enhanced tumor clearance. This was linked to increased expression of the transcription factor, Tbet, which bound the LAG-3 promoter, inhibiting its transcription, and to increased granzyme B and interferon-γ1 expression. Overall, we describe a small molecule approach to inhibit LAG-3, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Kittiphat Chanthong
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alison Taylor
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rudd CE. Commentary: Does Lithium Deserve a Place in the Treatment Against COVID-19? A Preliminary Observational Study in Six Patients, Case Report. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613734. [PMID: 33390999 PMCID: PMC7772390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Rudd
- Centre de Recherche- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC , Canada.,Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Medical Biochemistry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Allen SD, Liu X, Jiang J, Liao YP, Chang CH, Nel AE, Meng H. Immune checkpoint inhibition in syngeneic mouse cancer models by a silicasome nanocarrier delivering a GSK3 inhibitor. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120635. [PMID: 33422940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blocking antibodies that interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis provide effective cancer immunotherapy for tumors that are immune inflamed or induced to become "hot". It has also been demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of the signaling hub kinase GSK3 can interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in T-cells by suppressing PD-1 expression. This provides an alternative approach to intervening in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to provide cancer immunotherapy. In this communication, we demonstrate the remote loading of GSK3 inhibitor AZD1080 into the porous interior of mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with a lipid bilayer (a.k.a. silicasomes). In a MC38 colon cancer model, intravenous injection (IV) of silicasome-encapsulated AZD1080 significantly improved biodistribution and drug delivery to the tumor site. The improved drug delivery was accompanied by cytotoxic MC38 tumor cell killing by perforin-releasing CD8+ T-cells, exhibiting reduced PD-1 expression. IV injection of encapsulated AZD1080 also resulted in significant tumor shrinkage in other syngeneic mouse tumor models, including another colorectal tumor (CT26), as well as pancreas (KPC) and lung (LLC) cancer models. Not only was the therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated AZD1080 similar or better than anti-PD-1 antibody, but the treatment was devoid of treatment toxicity. These results provide proof-of-principal demonstration of the feasibility of using encapsulated delivery of a GSK3 inhibitor to provide cancer immunotherapy, with the possibility to be used as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or other immunomodulatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre E Nel
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tocheva AS, Peled M, Strazza M, Adam KR, Lerrer S, Nayak S, Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Foster CJR, Philips EA, Neel BG, Ueberheide B, Mor A. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals involvement of PD-1 in multiple T cell functions. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18036-18050. [PMID: 33077516 PMCID: PMC7939457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a critical inhibitory receptor that limits excessive T cell responses. Cancer cells have evolved to evade these immunoregulatory mechanisms by upregulating PD-1 ligands and preventing T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. Consequently, therapeutic blockade of PD-1 enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, but many patients do not respond and a significant proportion develop inflammatory toxicities. To improve anti-cancer therapy, it is critical to reveal the mechanisms by which PD-1 regulates T cell responses. We performed global quantitative phosphoproteomic interrogation of PD-1 signaling in T cells. By complementing our analysis with functional validation assays, we show that PD-1 targets tyrosine phosphosites that mediate proximal T cell receptor signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and immune synapse formation. PD-1 ligation also led to differential phosphorylation of serine and threonine sites within proteins regulating T cell activation, gene expression, and protein translation. In silico predictions revealed that kinase/substrate relationships engaged downstream of PD-1 ligation. These insights uncover the phosphoproteomic landscape of PD-1-triggered pathways and reveal novel PD-1 substrates that modulate diverse T cell functions and may serve as future therapeutic targets. These data are a useful resource in the design of future PD-1-targeting therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tocheva
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Michael Peled
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marianne Strazza
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kieran R Adam
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Proteomics Laboratory, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Connor J R Foster
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elliot A Philips
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Adam Mor
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anderson G. Tumour Microenvironment: Roles of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, O-GlcNAcylation, Acetyl-CoA and Melatonergic Pathway in Regulating Dynamic Metabolic Interactions across Cell Types-Tumour Microenvironment and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E141. [PMID: 33375613 PMCID: PMC7795031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the dynamic interactions of the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the roles of acetyl-CoA and melatonergic pathway regulation in determining the interactions between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis across the array of cells forming the tumour microenvironment. Many of the factors associated with tumour progression and immune resistance, such as yin yang (YY)1 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, regulate acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway, thereby having significant impacts on the dynamic interactions of the different types of cells present in the tumour microenvironment. The association of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment may be mediated by the AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1-driven 'backward' conversion of melatonin to its immediate precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS within tumours and released from tumour microenvironment cells activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, TrkB, thereby increasing the survival and proliferation of cancer stem-like cells. Acetyl-CoA is a crucial co-substrate for initiation of the melatonergic pathway, as well as co-ordinating the interactions of OXPHOS and glycolysis in all cells of the tumour microenvironment. This provides a model of the tumour microenvironment that emphasises the roles of acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway in shaping the dynamic intercellular metabolic interactions of the various cells within the tumour microenvironment. The potentiation of YY1 and GSK3β by O-GlcNAcylation will drive changes in metabolism in tumours and tumour microenvironment cells in association with their regulation of the melatonergic pathway. The emphasis on metabolic interactions across cell types in the tumour microenvironment provides novel future research and treatment directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Clinical Research Communications (CRC) Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 6UT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
He R, Du S, Lei T, Xie X, Wang Y. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2373-2385. [PMID: 33125126 PMCID: PMC7610307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK 3β), a multifunctional serine and threonine kinase, plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, including signaling transduction, protein and glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant regulation of GSK 3β results in a broad range of human diseases, such as tumors, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that GSK 3β is correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, GSK 3β is controversial due to its bifacial roles of tumor suppression and activation. In addition, overexpression of GSK 3β is involved in tumor growth, whereas it contributes to the cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis remain obscure and require further in‑depth investigation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy, and focus on its potentials as an available target in oncotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Union, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dimou A, Syrigos KN. The Role of GSK3β in T Lymphocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1221. [PMID: 32850361 PMCID: PMC7396595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy options for patients with cancer have emerged following decades of research on immune responses against tumors. Most treatments in this category harness T cells with specificity for tumor associated antigens, neoantigens, and cancer-testis antigens. GSK3β is a serine-threonine kinase with the highest number of substrates and multifaceted roles in cell function including immune cells. Importantly, inhibitors of GSK3β are available for clinical and research use. Here, we review the possible role of GSK3β in the immune tumor microenvironment, with goal to guide future research that tests GSK3β inhibition as an immunotherapy adjunct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rudd CE. GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1638. [PMID: 32695123 PMCID: PMC7333796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic and uncertainties in developing a vaccine have created an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. A key question is whether it is possible to make rational predictions of new therapies based on the presently available scientific and medical information. In this regard, I have noticed an omission in the present analysis in the literature related to the exploitation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) as a therapeutic approach. This is based on two key observations, that GSK-3 inhibitors can simultaneously block SARs viral replication, while boosting CD8+ adaptive T-cell and innate natural killer (NK) responses. Firstly, it is already clear that GSK-3 phosphorylation of SARs CoV1 N protein on key serine residues is needed for viral replication such that small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of GSK-3 can inhibit viral replication. In comparing protein sequences, I show here that the key sites in the N protein of SARs CoV1 N for replication are conserved in SARs CoV2. This strongly suggests that GSK-3 SMIs will also inhibit SARs Cov2 replication. Secondly, we and others have previously documented that GSK-3 SMIs markedly enhance CD8+ cytolytic T-cell (CTL) and NK cell anti-viral effector functions leading to a reduction in both acute and chronic viral infections in mice. My hypothesis is that the repurposing of low-cost inhibitors of GSK-3 such as lithium will limit SARS-CoV2 infections by both reducing viral replication and potentiating the immune response against the virus. To date, there has been no mention of this dual connection between GSK-3 and SARs CoV2 in the literature. To my knowledge, no other drugs exist with the potential to simultaneously target both viral replication and immune response against SARs CoV2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Rudd
- Centre de Recherche- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Medical Biochemistry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Augello G, Emma MR, Cusimano A, Azzolina A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, Cervello M. The Role of GSK-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy: GSK-3 Inhibitors as a New Frontier in Cancer Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061427. [PMID: 32526891 PMCID: PMC7348946 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified because of its key role in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. However, it is now well-established that GSK-3 performs critical functions in many cellular processes, such as apoptosis, tumor growth, cell invasion, and metastasis. Aberrant GSK-3 activity has been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, highlighting its potential therapeutic relevance as a target for anticancer therapy. Recently, newly emerging data have demonstrated the pivotal role of GSK-3 in the anticancer immune response. In the last few years, many GSK-3 inhibitors have been developed, and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. This review will discuss preclinical and initial clinical results with GSK-3β inhibitors, highlighting the potential importance of this target in cancer immunotherapy. As described in this review, GSK-3 inhibitors have been shown to have antitumor activity in a wide range of human cancer cells, and they may also contribute to promoting a more efficacious immune response against tumor target cells, thus showing a double therapeutic advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90144 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.R.E.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6809-534
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Cancer Biology and Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061388. [PMID: 32503133 PMCID: PMC7349761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with more than 100 substrates and interacting molecules. GSK3β is normally active in cells and negative regulation of GSK3β activity via phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue is required for most normal cells to maintain homeostasis. Aberrant expression and activity of GSK3β contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of common recalcitrant diseases such as glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite recognized roles against several proto-oncoproteins and mediators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, deregulated GSK3β also participates in tumor cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and invasion, as well as sustaining cancer stemness and inducing therapy resistance. A therapeutic effect from GSK3β inhibition has been demonstrated in 25 different cancer types. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that GSK3β inhibition protects normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. Here, we review the evidence supporting aberrant GSK3β as a hallmark property of cancer and highlight the beneficial effects of GSK3β inhibition on normal cells and tissues during cancer therapy. The biological rationale for targeting GSK3β in the treatment of cancer is also discussed at length.
Collapse
|
34
|
Krueger J, Rudd CE, Taylor A. Glycogen synthase 3 (GSK-3) regulation of PD-1 expression and and its therapeutic implications. Semin Immunol 2020; 42:101295. [PMID: 31604533 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed exciting progress in the application of immune check-point blockade (ICB) for the treatment of various human cancers. ICB was first used against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to demonstrate durable anti-tumor responses followed by ICB against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand, PD-L1. Present approaches involve the use of combinations of blocking antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1 and other inhibitory receptors (IRs) such as TIM3, TIGIT and LAG3. Despite this success, most patients are not cured by ICB therapy and there are limitations to the use of antibodies including cost, tumor penetration, the accessibility of receptors, and clearance from the cell surface as well as inflammatory and autoimmune complications. Recently, we demonstrated that the down-regulation or inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) down-regulates PD-1 expression in infectious diseases and cancer (Taylor et al., 2016 Immunity 44, 274-86; 2018 Cancer Research 78, 706-717; Krueger and Rudd 2018 Immunity 46, 529-531). In this Review, we outline the use of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that target intracellular pathways for co-receptor blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Krueger
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Alison Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, School of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, LEEDS LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Taylor A, Rudd CE. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) controls T-cell motility and interactions with antigen presenting cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:163. [PMID: 32188506 PMCID: PMC7079518 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The threonine/serine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) targets multiple substrates in T-cells, regulating the expression of Tbet and PD-1 on T-cells. However, it has been unclear whether GSK-3 can affect the motility of T-cells and their interactions with antigen presenting cells. Results Here, we show that GSK-3 controls T-cell motility and interactions with other cells. Inhibition of GSK-3, using structurally distinct inhibitors, reduced T-cell motility in terms of distance and displacement. While SB415286 reduced the number of cell-cell contacts, the dwell times of cells that established contacts with other cells did not differ for T-cells treated with SB415286. Further, the increase in cytolytic T-cell (CTL) function in killing tumor targets was not affected by the inhibition of motility. This data shows that the inhibition of GSK-3 has differential effects on T-cell motility and CTL function where the negative effects on cell–cell interactions is overridden by the increased cytolytic potential of CTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. .,Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1Q, UK.
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1Q, UK. .,Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Morenikeji OB, Metelski JL, Hawkes ME, Capria AL, Seamans BN, Falade CO, Ojurongbe O, Thomas BN. CD209 and Not CD28 or STAT6 Polymorphism Mediates Clinical Malaria and Parasitemia among Children from Nigeria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020158. [PMID: 31979279 PMCID: PMC7074881 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant disease, causing epic health problems and challenges all over the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. CD209 and CD28 genes act as co-stimulators and regulators of the immune system, while the STAT6 gene has been reported to mediate cytokine-induced responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of these genes might lead to differential disease susceptibility among populations at risk for malaria, due to alterations in the immune response. We aim to identify key drivers of the immune response to malaria infection among the three SNPs: CD209 (rs4804803), CD28 (rs35593994) and STAT6 (rs3024974). After approval and informed consent, we genotyped blood samples from a total of 531 children recruited from Nigeria using the Taqman SNP genotyping assay and performed comparative analysis of clinical covariates among malaria-infected children. Our results reveal the CD209 (rs4804803) polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for malaria infection, significantly increasing the risk of disease among children, but not CD28 (rs35593994) or STAT6 (rs3024974) polymorphisms. Specifically, individuals with the homozygous mutant allele (rs4804803G/G) for the CD209 gene have a significantly greater susceptibility to malaria, and presented with higher mean parasitemia. This observation may be due to a defective antigen presentation and priming, leading to an ineffective downstream adaptive immune response needed to combat infection, as well as the resultant higher parasitemia and disease manifestation. We conclude that the CD209 gene is a critical driver of the immune response during malaria infection, and can serve as a predictor of disease susceptibility or a biomarker for disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Jessica L. Metelski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Megan E. Hawkes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Anna L. Capria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Brooke N. Seamans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Catherine O. Falade
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P.M.B 3017, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-475-6382; Fax: +1-(585)-475-5809
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
GSK-3β in DNA repair, apoptosis, and resistance of chemotherapy, radiotherapy of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118659. [PMID: 31978503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, functioning in numerous cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK-3β is implicated in different diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes and cancers. GSK-3β is involved in biological processes of tumorigenesis, therefore, it is rational that GSK-3β inhibitors were employed to target malignant tumors. The effects of GSK-3β inhibitors in combination of radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs have been reported in various types of cancers, suggesting GSK-3β would play important roles in cancer treatments. GSK-3β is involved in multiple signal pathway including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/AKT and Notch. GSK-3β also functions in DNA repair through phosphorylation of DNA repair factors and affecting their binding to chromatin. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of GSK-3β in DNA repair, special in base excision repair and double-strands break repair, the roles of GSK-3β in inhibition of apoptosis through activation of NF-κB, and the effects of GSK-3β inhibitors on radio- and chemosensitization of various types of cancers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
Collapse
|
38
|
Thaker YR, Raab M, Strebhardt K, Rudd CE. GTPase-activating protein Rasal1 associates with ZAP-70 of the TCR and negatively regulates T-cell tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4804. [PMID: 31641113 PMCID: PMC6805919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy involving checkpoint blockades of inhibitory co-receptors is effective in combating cancer. Despite this, the full range of mediators that inhibit T-cell activation and influence anti-tumor immunity is unclear. Here, we identify the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rasal1 as a novel TCR-ZAP-70 binding protein that negatively regulates T-cell activation and tumor immunity. Rasal1 inhibits via two pathways, the binding and inhibition of the kinase domain of ZAP-70, and GAP inhibition of the p21ras-ERK pathway. It is expressed in activated CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, and inhibits CD4 + T-cell responses to antigenic peptides presented by dendritic cells as well as CD4 + T-cell responses to peptide antigens in vivo. Furthermore, siRNA reduction of Rasal1 expression in T-cells shrinks B16 melanoma and EL-4 lymphoma tumors, concurrent with an increase in CD8 + tumor-infiltrating T-cells expressing granzyme B and interferon γ-1. Our findings identify ZAP-70-associated Rasal1 as a new negative regulator of T-cell activation and tumor immunity. Activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment can be inhibited through a variety of mechanisms. Here, the authors show that Rasal1, a GTPase-activating protein, binds and inhibits signaling downstream of the T Cell Receptor complex and that consistently, its reduced expression enhances anti-tumor T-cell responses in two syngeneic cancer mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youg Raj Thaker
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,School of Biological Science, Protein Structure and Disease Mechanisms, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signalling Section, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK. .,Département de Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guo Q, Huang F, Goncalves C, Del Rincón SV, Miller WH. Translation of cancer immunotherapy from the bench to the bedside. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:1-62. [PMID: 31202357 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous success of immune checkpoint blockades has revolutionized cancer management. Our increased understanding of the cell types that compose the tumor microenvironment (TME), including those of the innate and adaptive immune system, has helped to shape additional immune modulatory strategies in cancer care. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations targeting novel checkpoint interactions and key pathways that regulate cancer immunity continue to increase rapidly. Various combinatorial drug regimens are being tested in attempt to achieve durable response and survival rates of patients with cancer. This review provides an overview of specific components of the TME, an introduction to novel immune checkpoints, followed by a survey of present day and future combination immune modulatory therapies. The idea that the immune system can recognize and destroy tumor cells was first described in the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis of Burnet and Thomas. However, early experimental evidence failed to support the concept. It was not until the late 1990s when seminal papers clearly showed the existence of cancer immunosurveillance, leading to the cancer immunoediting hypothesis. In this century, progress in the understanding of negative regulators of the immune response led to the discovery that inhibition of these regulators in patients with cancer could lead to dramatic and durable remissions. Drs. Tasuku Honjo and James P. Allison were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2018 for their pioneering work in this field. We now see rapid advances in cancer immunology and emerging effective therapies revolutionizing cancer care across tumor types in the clinic, while pre-clinical research is moving from a focus on the malignant cells themselves to dissect the highly heterogenic and complex multi-cellular tumor microenvironment (TME).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Guo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fan Huang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Goncalves
- Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Segal Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Montreal, QC, Canada; Rossy Cancer Network, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sahin I, Eturi A, De Souza A, Pamarthy S, Tavora F, Giles FJ, Carneiro BA. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors as novel cancer treatments and modulators of antitumor immune responses. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1047-1056. [PMID: 30975030 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1595283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kinase at the crossroads of numerous metabolic and cell growth signaling pathways, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a highly desirable therapeutic target in cancer. Despite its involvement in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of several malignancies, no selective GSK-3β inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of cancer. The regulatory role of GSK-3β in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis reflects the therapeutic relevance of this target and provides the rationale for drug combinations. Emerging data on GSK-3β as a mediator of anticancer immune response also highlight the potential clinical applications of novel selective GSK-3β inhibitors that are entering clinical studies. This manuscript reviews the preclinical and early clinical results with GSK-3β inhibitors and delineates the developmental therapeutics landscape for this potentially important target in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sahin
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Aditya Eturi
- b Department of Medicine , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Andre De Souza
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- c Atrin Pharmaceuticals , Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center , Doylestown , PA , USA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- d Argos Laboratory/Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Francis J Giles
- e Developmental Therapeutics Consortium , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cellular therapy approaches harnessing the power of the immune system for personalized cancer treatment. Semin Immunol 2019; 42:101306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
42
|
Small Molecule Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:225-233. [PMID: 31576552 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has proved successful in the immunotherapeutic treatment of various human cancers. Despite its success, most patients are still not cured while immunogenic cold cancers are still poorly responsive. There is a need for novel clinical interventions in immunotherapy, either alone or in conjunction with ICB. Here, we outline our recent discovery that the intracellular signaling kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a central regulator of PD-1 in T-cells. We demonstrate the application of small molecule inhibitor (SMI) approaches to down-regulate PD-1 in tumor immunotherapy. GSK-3 SMIs were found as effective as anti-PD-1 in the elimination of melanoma in mouse models. We propose the development of novel SMIs to target co-receptors for the future of immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chatterjee S, Chakraborty P, Daenthanasanmak A, Iamsawat S, Andrejeva G, Luevano LA, Wolf M, Baliga U, Krieg C, Beeson CC, Mehrotra M, Hill EG, Rathmell JC, Yu XZ, Kraft AS, Mehrotra S. Targeting PIM Kinase with PD1 Inhibition Improves Immunotherapeutic Antitumor T-cell Response. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1036-1049. [PMID: 30327305 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) of cancer, which involves the infusion of ex vivo-engineered tumor epitope reactive autologous T cells into the tumor-bearing host, is a potential treatment modality for cancer. However, the durable antitumor response following ACT is hampered either by loss of effector function or survival of the antitumor T cells. Therefore, strategies to improve the persistence and sustain the effector function of the antitumor T cells are of immense importance. Given the role of metabolism in determining the therapeutic efficacy of T cells, we hypothesize that inhibition of PIM kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinase that promote cell-cycle transition, cell growth, and regulate mTORC1 activity, can improve the potency of T cells in controlling tumor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The role of PIM kinases in T cells was studied either by genetic ablation (PIM1-/-PIM2-/-PIM3-/-) or its pharmacologic inhibition (pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PimKi). Murine melanoma B16 was established subcutaneously and treated by transferring tumor epitope gp100-reactive T cells along with treatment regimen that involved inhibiting PIM kinases, anti-PD1 or both. RESULTS With inhibition of PIM kinases, T cells had significant reduction in their uptake of glucose, and upregulated expression of memory-associated genes that inversely correlate with glycolysis. In addition, the expression of CD38, which negatively regulates the metabolic fitness of the T cells, was also reduced in PimKi-treated cells. Importantly, the efficacy of antitumor T-cell therapy was markedly improved by inhibiting PIM kinases in tumor-bearing mice receiving ACT, and further enhanced by adding anti-PD1 antibody to this combination. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential therapeutic significance of combinatorial strategies where ACT and inhibition of signaling kinase with checkpoint blockade could improve tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpak Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anusara Daenthanasanmak
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Supinya Iamsawat
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Libia A Luevano
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Melissa Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Uday Baliga
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Department of Public Health, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jeffery C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|