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Falck D, Wuhrer M. GlYcoLISA: antigen-specific and subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation analysis based on an immunosorbent assay with an LC-MS readout. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1887-1909. [PMID: 38383719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) glycosylation modulates effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Consequently, assessing IgG Fc glycosylation is important for understanding the role of antibodies in infectious, alloimmune and autoimmune diseases. GlYcoLISA determines the Fc glycosylation of antigen-specific IgG by an immunosorbent assay with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) readout. Detection of antigen-specific IgG glycosylation in a subclass- and site-specific manner is realized by LC-MS-based glycopeptide analysis after proteolytic cleavage. GlYcoLISA addresses challenges related to the low abundance of specific IgG and the high background of total IgG by using well-established immunosorbent assays for purifying antibodies of the desired specificity using immobilized antigen. Alternative methods with sufficient glycan resolution lack these important specificities. GlYcoLISA is performed in a 96-well plate format, and the analysis of 160 samples takes ~5 d, with 1 d for sample preparation, 2 d of LC-MS measurement and 2 d for partially automated data processing. GlYcoLISA requires expertise in LC-MS operation and data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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de Graaf EL, Larsen MD, van der Bolt N, Visser R, Verhagen OJHM, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Koeleman CAM, van der Schoot CE, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Assessment of IgG-Fc glycosylation from individual RhD-specific B cell clones reveals regulation at clonal rather than clonotypic level. Immunology 2024; 171:428-439. [PMID: 38097893 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The type and strength of effector functions mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies rely on the subclass and the composition of the N297 glycan. Glycosylation analysis of both bulk and antigen-specific human IgG has revealed a marked diversity of the glycosylation signatures, including highly dynamic patterns as well as long-term stability of profiles, yet information on how individual B cell clones would contribute to this diversity has hitherto been lacking. Here, we assessed whether clonally related B cells share N297 glycosylation patterns of their secreted IgG. We differentiated single antigen-specific peripheral IgG+ memory B cells into antibody-secreting cells and analysed Fc glycosylation of secreted IgG. Furthermore, we sequenced the variable region of their heavy chain, which allowed the grouping of the clones into clonotypes. We found highly diverse glycosylation patterns of culture-derived IgG, which, to some degree, mimicked the glycosylation of plasma IgG. Each B cell clone secreted IgG with a mixture of different Fc glycosylation patterns. The majority of clones produced fully fucosylated IgG. B cells producing afucosylated IgG were scattered across different clonotypes. In contrast, the remaining glycosylation traits were, in general, more uniform. These results indicate IgG-Fc fucosylation to be regulated at the single-clone level, whereas the regulation of other glycosylation traits most likely occurs at a clonotypic or systemic level. The discrepancies between plasma IgG and culture-derived IgG, could be caused by the origin of the B cells analysed, clonal dominance or factors from the culture system, which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L de Graaf
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nieke van der Bolt
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J H M Verhagen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Maimela PWM, Smith M, Nel AJM, Bernam SDP, Jonas EG, Blackburn JM. Humoral immunoprofiling identifies novel biomarkers and an immune suppressive autoantibody phenotype at the site of disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330419. [PMID: 38450186 PMCID: PMC10917065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a heterogeneous cancer, with minimal response to therapeutic intervention and with 85% of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage due to lack of early symptoms, highlighting the importance of understanding PDAC immunology in greater detail. Here, we applied an immunoproteomic approach to investigate autoantibody responses against cancer-testis and tumor-associated antigens in PDAC using a high-throughput multiplexed protein microarray platform, comparing humoral immune responses in serum and at the site of disease in order to shed new light on immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. We simultaneously quantified serum or tissue IgG and IgA antibody isotypes and subclasses in a cohort of PDAC, disease control and healthy patients, observing inter alia that subclass utilization in tumor tissue samples was predominantly immune suppressive IgG4 and inflammatory IgA2, contrasting with predominant IgG3 and IgA1 subclass utilization in matched sera and implying local autoantibody production at the site of disease in an immune-tolerant environment. By comparison, serum autoantibody subclass profiling for the disease controls identified IgG4, IgG1, and IgA1 as the abundant subclasses. Combinatorial analysis of serum autoantibody responses identified panels of candidate biomarkers. The top IgG panel included ACVR2B, GAGE1, LEMD1, MAGEB1 and PAGE1 (sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of 0.933, 0.767 and 0.906). Conversely, the top IgA panel included AURKA, GAGE1, MAGEA10, PLEKHA5 and XAGE3aV1 (sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 1.000, 0.800, and 0.954). Assessment of antigen-specific serum autoantibody glycoforms revealed abundant sialylation on IgA in PDAC, consistent with an immune suppressive IgA response to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Winnie M. Maimela
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muneerah Smith
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew J. M. Nel
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Eduard G. Jonas
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Carpenter MC, Souter SC, Zipkin RJ, Ackerman ME. Current Insights Into K-associated Fetal Anemia and Potential Treatment Strategies for Sensitized Pregnancies. Transfus Med Rev 2024; 38:150779. [PMID: 37926651 PMCID: PMC10856777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
K-associated anemic disease of the fetus and newborn (K-ADFN) is a rare but life-threatening disease in which maternal alloantibodies cross the placenta and can mediate an immune attack on fetal red blood cells expressing the K antigen. A considerably more common disease, D-associated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (D-HDFN), can be prophylactically treated using polyclonal α-D antibody preparations. Currently, no such prophylactic treatment exists for K-associated fetal anemia, and disease is usually treated with intrauterine blood transfusions. Here we review current understanding of the biology of K-associated fetal anemia, how the maternal immune system is sensitized to fetal red blood cells, and what is understood about potential mechanisms of prophylactic HDFN interventions. Given the apparent challenges associated with preventing alloimmunization, we highlight novel strategies for treating sensitized mothers to prevent fetal anemia that may hold promise not only for K-mediated disease, but also for other pathogenic alloantibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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5
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Van Coillie J, Pongracz T, Rahmöller J, Chen HJ, Geyer CE, van Vught LA, Buhre JS, Šuštić T, van Osch TLJ, Steenhuis M, Hoepel W, Wang W, Lixenfeld AS, Nouta J, Keijzer S, Linty F, Visser R, Larsen MD, Martin EL, Künsting I, Lehrian S, von Kopylow V, Kern C, Lunding HB, de Winther M, van Mourik N, Rispens T, Graf T, Slim MA, Minnaar RP, Bomers MK, Sikkens JJ, Vlaar AP, van der Schoot CE, den Dunnen J, Wuhrer M, Ehlers M, Vidarsson G. The BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces transient afucosylated IgG1 in naive but not in antigen-experienced vaccinees. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104408. [PMID: 36529104 PMCID: PMC9756879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afucosylated IgG1 responses have only been found against membrane-embedded epitopes, including anti-S in SARS-CoV-2 infections. These responses, intrinsically protective through enhanced FcγRIIIa binding, can also trigger exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19. We investigated if the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA also induced afucosylated IgG responses. METHODS Blood from vaccinees during the first vaccination wave was collected. Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study anti-S IgG1 Fc glycoprofiles. Responsiveness of alveolar-like macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines in presence of sera and antigen was tested. Antigen-specific B cells were characterized and glycosyltransferase levels were investigated by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Initial transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 responses were found in naive vaccinees, but not in antigen-experienced ones. All vaccinees had increased galactosylated and sialylated anti-S IgG1. Both naive and antigen-experienced vaccinees showed relatively low macrophage activation potential, as expected, due to the low antibody levels for naive individuals with afucosylated IgG1, and low afucosylation levels for antigen-experienced individuals with high levels of anti-S. Afucosylation levels correlated with FUT8 expression in antigen-specific plasma cells in naive individuals. Interestingly, low fucosylation of anti-S IgG1 upon seroconversion correlated with high anti-S IgG levels after the second dose. INTERPRETATION Here, we show that BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 responses in naive individuals. This observation warrants further studies to elucidate the clinical context in which potent afucosylated responses would be preferred. FUNDING LSBR1721, 1908; ZonMW10430012010021, 09150161910033, 10430012010008; DFG398859914, 400912066, 390884018; PMI; DOI4-Nr. 3; H2020-MSCA-ITN 721815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Luc Junior van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sophie Lixenfeld
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Keijzer
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emily Lara Martin
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inga Künsting
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Selina Lehrian
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vera von Kopylow
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Kern
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Bele Lunding
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van Mourik
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Graf
- Medical Department 2, University Heart Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marleen Adriana Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marije Kristianne Bomers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonne Jochum Sikkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands,Corresponding author.
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Corresponding author.
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7
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Oosterhoff JJ, Larsen MD, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:800-814. [PMID: 36008258 PMCID: PMC9395167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Immunoassay for quantification of antigen-specific IgG fucosylation. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104109. [PMID: 35752106 PMCID: PMC9240806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies serve a crucial immuno-protective function mediated by IgG Fc receptors (FcγR). Absence of fucose on the highly conserved N-linked glycan in the IgG Fc domain strongly enhances IgG binding and activation of myeloid and natural killer (NK) cell FcγRs. Although afucosylated IgG can provide increased protection (malaria and HIV), it also boosts immunopathologies in alloimmune diseases, COVID-19 and dengue fever. Quantifying IgG fucosylation currently requires sophisticated methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and extensive analytical skills reserved to highly specialized laboratories. Methods Here, we introduce the Fucose-sensitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Antigen-Specific IgG (FEASI), an immunoassay capable of simultaneously quantitating and qualitatively determining IgG responses. FEASI is a two-tier immunoassay; the first assay is used to quantify antigen-specific IgG (IgG ELISA), while the second gives FcγRIIIa binding-dependent readout which is highly sensitive to both the IgG quantity and the IgG Fc fucosylation (FcγR-IgG ELISA). Findings IgG Fc fucosylation levels, independently determined by LC-MS and FEASI, in COVID-19 responses to the spike (S) antigen, correlated very strongly by simple linear regression (R2=0.93, p < 0.0001). The FEASI method was then used to quantify IgG levels and fucosylation in COVID-19 convalescent plasma which was independently validated by LC-MS. Interpretation FEASI can be reliably implemented to measure relative and absolute IgG Fc fucosylation and quantify binding of antigen-specific IgG to FcγR in a high-throughput manner accessible to all diagnostic and research laboratories. Funding This work was funded by the Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening (PPOC 19-08 and SQI00041) and ZonMW 10430 01 201 0021.
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9
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Wojcik I, Schmidt DE, de Neef LA, Rab MAE, Meek B, de Weerdt O, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Zwaginga JJ, de Haas M, Falck D, Vidarsson G. A functional spleen contributes to afucosylated IgG in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24045. [PMID: 34911982 PMCID: PMC8674363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lymphoid organ, the spleen hosts a wide range of immune cell populations, which not only remove blood-borne antigens, but also generate and regulate antigen-specific immune responses. In particular, the splenic microenvironment has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in adaptive immune responses to enveloped viral infections and alloantigens. During both types of immunizations, antigen-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) have been characterized by the reduced amount of fucose present on N-linked glycans of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. These glycans are essential for mediating the induction of immune effector functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that a spleen may modulate humoral responses and serve as a preferential site for afucosylated IgG responses, which potentially play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis. To determine the role of the spleen in IgG-Fc glycosylation, we performed IgG subclass-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of Fc glycosylation in a large cohort of individuals splenectomized due to trauma, due to ITP, or spherocytosis. IgG-Fc fucosylation was consistently increased after splenectomy, while no effects for IgG-Fc galactosylation and sialylation were observed. An increase in IgG1- and IgG2/3-Fc fucosylation level upon splenectomy has been reported here for the first time, suggesting that immune responses occurring in the spleen may be particularly prone to generate afucosylated IgG responses. Surprisingly, the level of total IgG-Fc fucosylation was decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, our results suggest a yet unrecognized role of the spleen in either the induction or maintenance of afucosylated IgG responses by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojcik
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - David E Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Okke de Weerdt
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Kralj S, Hodošček M, Podobnik B, Kunej T, Bren U, Janežič D, Konc J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Interactions of an IgG1 Antibody With Selected Fc Receptors. Front Chem 2021; 9:705931. [PMID: 34277572 PMCID: PMC8283507 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.705931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a survey of novel interactions between an IgG1 antibody and different Fcγ receptors (FcγR), molecular dynamics simulations were performed of interactions of monoclonal antibody involved complexes with FcγRs. Free energy simulations were also performed of isolated wild-type and substituted Fc regions bound to FcγRs with the aim of assessing their relative binding affinities. Two different free energy calculation methods, Molecular Mechanical/Generalized Born Molecular Volume (MM/GBMV) and Bennett Acceptance Ratio (BAR), were used to evaluate the known effector substitution G236A that is known to selectively increase antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis. The obtained results for the MM/GBMV binding affinity between different FcγRs are in good agreement with previous experiments, and those obtained using the BAR method for the complete antibody and the Fc-FcγR simulations show increased affinity across all FcγRs when binding to the substituted antibody. The FcγRIIa, a key determinant of antibody agonistic efficacy, shows a 10-fold increase in binding affinity, which is also consistent with the published experimental results. Novel interactions between the Fab region of the antibody and the FcγRs were discovered with this in silico approach, and provide insights into the antibody-FcγR binding mechanism and show promise for future improvements of therapeutic antibodies for preclinical studies of biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastjan Kralj
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Milan Hodošček
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Podobnik
- Biologics Technical Development Mengeš, Technical Research and Development Novartis, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušanka Janežič
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Janez Konc
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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11
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High-throughput rat immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation profiling revealed subclass-specific changes associated with chronic stress. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104293. [PMID: 34118474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation corresponds well with immune system changes, so it can potentially be used as a biomarker for the consequences of chronic stress such as low-grade inflammation and enhanced immunosenescence in older animals. Here we present a high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow, including IgG enrichment, HILIC glycopeptide purification, and nano-LC-MS analysis of tryptic glycopeptides applied for the analysis of rat IgG. A cohort of 80 animals was exposed to seven stressors in a customized chronic stress protocol with blood and tissue sampling in three timepoints. Young female rats experienced an increase in agalactosylated glycoforms on IgG2a and IgG2c accompanied by a decrease in monogalactosylation. Among old females, increased galactosylation was observed in the IgG2b subclass, pointing to an anti-inflammatory activity of IgG. Additionally, IgG Fc N-glycosylation patterns in Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed, quantified, and reported for the first time. Our findings emphasize age-, sex- and subclass-dependent differences in IgG glycosylation related to chronic stress exposure, confirming the relevance of newly developed methods for further research in glycobiology of rodent immune response. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we showed that a high-throughput streamlined methodology based on protein L 96-well monolithic plates for efficient rat IgG immunoaffinity enrichment from blood plasma, paired with appropriate tryptic glycopeptide preparation, HILIC-SPE enrichment, and nano-LC-MS methods was suitable for quick processing of large sample sets. We report a subclass-specific profiling and changes in rat IgG Fc galactosylation and adrenal gland immunohistochemistry of male and female animals exposed to a customized chronic stress protocol.
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12
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Hoepel W, Chen HJ, Geyer CE, Allahverdiyeva S, Manz XD, de Taeye SW, Aman J, Mes L, Steenhuis M, Griffith GR, Bonta PI, Brouwer PJM, Caniels TG, van der Straten K, Golebski K, Jonkers RE, Larsen MD, Linty F, Nouta J, van Roomen CPAA, van Baarle FEHP, van Drunen CM, Wolbink G, Vlaar APJ, de Bree GJ, Sanders RW, Willemsen L, Neele AE, van de Beek D, Rispens T, Wuhrer M, Bogaard HJ, van Gils MJ, Vidarsson G, de Winther M, den Dunnen J. High titers and low fucosylation of early human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote inflammation by alveolar macrophages. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf8654. [PMID: 33979301 PMCID: PMC8158960 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) become critically ill primarily around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early-phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces excessive inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more proinflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the antibody Fc tail. Low fucosylation of anti-spike IgG was normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fcγ receptor (FcγR) IIa and FcγRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated human macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Last, we demonstrate that the inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small-molecule inhibitor of Syk kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara E Geyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sona Allahverdiyeva
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xue D Manz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René E Jonkers
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mads D Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P A A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank E H P van Baarle
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Admiraal Helfrichstraat 1, 1056 AA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Centre, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 AZ Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation pattern have been observed in a vast array of auto- and alloimmune, infectious, cardiometabolic, malignant, and other diseases. This chapter contains an updated catalog of over 140 studies within which IgG glycosylation analysis was performed in a disease setting. Since the composition of IgG glycans is known to modulate its effector functions, it is suggested that a changed IgG glycosylation pattern in patients might be involved in disease development and progression, representing a predisposition and/or a functional effector in disease pathology. In contrast to the glycopattern of bulk serum IgG, which likely relates to the systemic inflammatory background, the glycosylation profile of antigen-specific IgG probably plays a direct role in disease pathology in several infectious and allo- and autoimmune antibody-dependent diseases. Depending on the specifics of any given disease, IgG glycosylation read-out might therefore in the future be developed into a useful clinical biomarker or a supplementary to currently used biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pezer
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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14
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Nimmerjahn F, Werner A. Sweet Rules: Linking Glycosylation to Antibody Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:365-393. [PMID: 34687017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced upon infections with pathogenic microorganisms are essential for clearing primary infections and for providing the host with long-lasting immunity. Moreover, antibodies have become the most widely used platform for developing novel therapies against cancer and autoimmunity, requiring an in-depth understanding of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and which factors modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory antibody activities. Since the discovery that select residues present in the sugar domain attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can modulate both, pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions, a wealth of studies has focused on understanding how IgG glycosylation is regulated and how this knowledge can be used to optimize therapeutic antibody activity. With the introduction of glycoengineered afucosylated antibodies in cancer therapy and the initiation of clinical testing of highly sialylated anti-inflammatory antibodies the proof-of-concept that understanding antibody glycosylation can lead to clinical innovation has been provided. The focus of this review is to summarize recent insights into how antibody glycosylation is regulated in vivo and how select sugar residues impact IgG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Chu TH, Patz EF, Ackerman ME. Coming together at the hinges: Therapeutic prospects of IgG3. MAbs 2021; 13:1882028. [PMID: 33602056 PMCID: PMC7899677 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1882028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human IgG3 subclass is conspicuously absent among the formats for approved monoclonal antibody therapies and Fc fusion protein biologics. Concern about the potential for rapid degradation, reduced plasma half-life, and increased immunogenicity due to marked variation in allotypes has apparently outweighed the potential advantages of IgG3, which include high affinity for activating Fcγ receptors, effective complement fixation, and a long hinge that appears better suited for low abundance targets. This review aims to highlight distinguishing features of IgG3 and to explore its functional role in the immune response. We present studies of natural immunity and recombinant antibody therapies that elucidate key contributions of IgG3 and discuss historical roadblocks that no longer remain clearly relevant. Collectively, this body of evidence motivates thoughtful reconsideration of the clinical advancement of this distinctive antibody subclass for treatment of human diseases. Abbreviations: ADCC - Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated CytotoxicityADE - Antibody-dependent enhancementAID - Activation-Induced Cytidine DeaminaseCH - Constant HeavyCHF - Complement factor HCSR - Class Switch RecombinationEM - Electron MicroscopyFab - Fragment, antigen bindingFc - Fragment, crystallizableFcRn - Neonatal Fc ReceptorFcγR - Fc gamma ReceptorHIV - Human Immunodeficiency VirusIg - ImmunoglobulinIgH - Immunoglobulin Heavy chain geneNHP - Non-Human Primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach H. Chu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward F. Patz
- Department of Radiology and Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Mimura Y, Saldova R, Mimura-Kimura Y, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:481-517. [PMID: 34687020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities. Glycoengineering is a promising approach for the production of selected mAb glycoforms with improved effector functions, and non- and low-fucosylated mAbs exhibiting enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity have been approved or are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cancers, autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases, and infection. Recently, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering method that allows for the transfer of structurally defined oligosaccharides to Asn-linked GlcNAc residues with glycosynthase has been developed for remodeling of IgG-Fc oligosaccharides with high efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, various glycoengineering methods have been developed that utilize the Fc oligosaccharides of IgG as reaction handles to conjugate cytotoxic agents by "click chemistry", providing new routes to the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with tightly controlled drug-antibody ratios (DARs) and homogeneity. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological relevance of individual IgG glycoforms and advances in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Sénard T, Gargano AFG, Falck D, de Taeye SW, Rispens T, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M, Somsen GW, Domínguez-Vega E. MS-Based Allotype-Specific Analysis of Polyclonal IgG-Fc N-Glycosylation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2049. [PMID: 32973813 PMCID: PMC7472933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to study glycosylation of polyclonal human immunoglobulins G (IgG) usually imply protein digestion or glycan release. While these approaches allow in-depth characterization, they also result in a loss of valuable information regarding certain subclasses, allotypes and co-occuring post-translational modifications (PTMs). Unfortunately, the high variability of polyclonal IgGs makes their intact mass spectrometry (MS) analysis extremely challenging. We propose here a middle-up strategy for the analysis of the intact fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of human plasma IgGs, with the aim of acquiring integrated information of the N-glycosylation and other PTMs of subclasses and allotypes. Human plasma IgG was isolated using Fc-specific beads followed by an on-bead C H 2 domain digestion with the enzyme IdeS. The obtained mixture of Fc subunits was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) hyphenated with MS. CE-MS provided separation of different IgG-subclasses and allotypes, while HILIC-MS allowed resolution of the different glycoforms and their oxidized variants. The orthogonality of these techniques was key to reliably assign Fc allotypes. Five individual donors were analyzed using this approach. Heterozygosis was observed in all the analyzed donors resulting in a total of 12 allotypes identified. The assignments were further confirmed using recombinant monoclonal IgG allotypes as standards. While the glycosylation patterns were similar within allotypes of the same subclass, clear differences were observed between IgG subclasses and donors, highlighting the relevance of the proposed approach. In a single analysis, glycosylation levels specific for each allotype, relative abundances of subclasses and information on co-occurring modifications are obtained. This middle-up method represents an important step toward a comprehensive analysis of immunoglobulin G-Fc variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Analytical Chemistry Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Wieczorek M, Braicu EI, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Sehouli J, Blanchard V. Immunoglobulin G Subclass-Specific Glycosylation Changes in Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32477323 PMCID: PMC7242562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was previously shown to be associated with glycosylation changes of total serum and total IgG proteins. However, as a majority of previous studies analyzed released glycan profiles, still little is known about IgG subclass-specific alterations in ovarian cancer. Hence, in this study, we investigated EOC-related glycosylation changes of the three most abundant IgG subclasses, namely, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 isolated from sera of 87 EOC patients and 74 age-matched healthy controls. In order to separate IgG2 and IgG3, we performed a two-step affinity purification employing Protein A and Protein G Sepharose. After tryptic digestion, IgG glycopeptides were enriched and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. Finally, EOC-related glycosylation changes were monitored at the level of total agalactosylation, monogalactosylation, digalactosylation, sialylation, bisection and fucosylation, which were calculated separately for each IgG subclass. Interestingly, aside from an EOC-related increase in agalactosylation/decrease in monogalactosylation and digalactosylation observed in all IgG subclasses, some subclass-specific trends were detected. Glycosylation of IgG1 was found to be most strongly affected in EOC, as it exhibited the highest number of significant differences between healthy controls and EOC patients. Specifically, IgG1 was the only subclass that showed a significant decrease in sialylation and a significant increase in fucosylation in EOC patients. Interestingly, IgG2 and IgG3 that were often investigated collectively in previous studies, were found to have distinct glycosylation patterns. IgG3 displayed stronger EOC-related increase in agalactosylation/decrease in digalactosylation and was characterized by notably higher sialylation, which consequently decreased in EOC patients. In conclusion, our study indicates that IgG subclasses exhibit subtly distinct glycosylation patterns of EOC-related alterations and that IgG1 and IgG3 agalactosylation show the strongest association with CA125, the routine diagnostic marker. Additionally, our results show that simultaneous analyses of IgG2 and IgG3 might lead to wrong conclusions as these two subclasses exhibit noticeably different glycosylation phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wieczorek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Ioana Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NOGGO Group, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jahid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NOGGO Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Momčilović A, de Haan N, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Bondt A, Koeleman CAM, Falck D, de Neef LA, Mesker WE, Tollenaar R, de Ru A, van Veelen P, Wuhrer M, Dotz V. Simultaneous Immunoglobulin A and G Glycopeptide Profiling for High-Throughput Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4518-4526. [PMID: 32091889 PMCID: PMC7252899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Immunoglobulin (Ig)
glycosylation is recognized for its influence
on Ig turnover and effector functions. However, the large-scale profiling
of Ig glycosylation in a biomedical setting is challenged by the existence
of different Ig isotypes and subclasses, their varying serum concentrations,
and the presence of multiple glycosylation sites per Ig. Here, a high-throughput
nanoliquid chromatography (LC)- mass spectrometry (MS)-based method
for simultaneous analysis of IgG and IgA glycopeptides was developed
and applied on a serum sample set from 185 healthy donors. Sample
preparation from minute amounts of serum was performed in 96-well
plate format. Prior to trypsin digestion, IgG and IgA were enriched
simultaneously, followed by a one-step denaturation, reduction, and
alkylation. The obtained nanoLC-MS data were subjected to semiautomated,
targeted feature integration and quality control. The combined and
simplified protocol displayed high overall method repeatability, as
assessed using pooled plasma and serum standards. Taking all samples
together, 143 individual N- and O-glycopeptides were reliably quantified. These glycopeptides were
attributable to 11 different peptide backbones, derived from IgG1,
IgG2/3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, and the joining chain from dimeric IgA.
Using this method, novel associations were found between IgA N- and O-glycosylation and age. Furthermore,
previously reported associations of IgG Fc glycosylation with age
in healthy individuals were confirmed. In conclusion, the new method
paves the way for high-throughput multiprotein plasma glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Momčilović
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes L Hipgrave Ederveen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louise A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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