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Wu S, Lei X, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Gao Y, Wei J, Qin Q. Grouper OTUB1 and OTUB2 promote red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) replication by inhibiting the host innate immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109715. [PMID: 38909637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is a major viral pathogen of grouper and is able to antagonize interferon responses through multiple strategies, particularly evading host immune responses by inhibiting interferon responses. Ovarian tumor (OTU) family proteins are an important class of DUBs and the underlying mechanisms used to inhibit interferon pathway activation are unknown. In the present study, primers were designed based on the transcriptome data, and the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 (OTUB1) and OTUB2 genes of Epinephelus coioides (EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2) were cloned and characterized. The homology alignment showed that both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 were most closely related to E. lanceolatus with 98 % identity. Both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 were distributed to varying degrees in grouper tissues, and the transcript levels were significantly up-regulated following RGNNV stimulation. Both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 promoted replication of RGNNV in vitro, and inhibited the promoter activities of interferon stimulated response element (ISRE), nuclear transcription factors kappaB (NF-κB) and IFN3, and the expression levels of interferon related genes and proinflammatory factors. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 could interact with TRAF3 and TRAF6, indicating that EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 may play important roles in interferon signaling pathway. The results will provide a theoretical reference for the development of novel disease prevention and control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Guangdong Haiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Yangjiang, 529800, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
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Zhang L, Tang R, Liang D, Wang W, Min K, Luo T, Li X. Uncovering the Interaction between TRAF1 and MAVS in the RIG-I Pathway to Enhance the Upregulation of IRF1/ISG15 during Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection. Cells 2024; 13:1165. [PMID: 38995016 PMCID: PMC11240745 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which poses a threat to swine production. The activation of host innate immunity through linker proteins such as tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) is crucial for the induction of the NF-κB pathway. Recent research has revealed the involvement of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) in the interaction with TRAF2, 3, 5, and 6 to activate both the NF-κB and IRF3 pathways. This study revealed that CSFV infection led to the upregulation of TRAF1 mRNA and protein levels; moreover, TRAF1 overexpression inhibited CSFV replication, while TRAF1 knockdown promoted replication, highlighting its importance in the host response to CSFV infection. Additionally, the expression of RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF1, IRF1, and ISG15 were detected in PK-15 cells infected with CSFV, revealing that TRAF1 plays a role in regulating IRF1 and ISG15 within the RIG-I pathway. Furthermore, Co-IP, GST pull-down, and IFA analyses demonstrated that TRAF1 interacted with MAVS and co-localized in the cytoplasm during CSFV infection. Ultimately, TRAF1 acted as a novel member of the TRAF family, bound to MAVS as a linker molecule, and functioned as a mediator downstream of MAVS in the RIG-I/MAVS pathway against CSFV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rongze Tang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kaijun Min
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guaxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (D.L.); (W.W.); (K.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guaxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
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Shen J, Xie P, Wang J, Yang F, Li S, Jiang H, Wu X, Zhou F, Li J. Nlrp6 protects from corticosterone-induced NSPC ferroptosis by modulating RIG-1/MAVS-mediated mitophagy. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103196. [PMID: 38772149 PMCID: PMC11134915 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are highly vulnerable to different stress stimuli, resulting in adult neurogenesis decline and eventual cognitive defects. Our previous study demonstrated that NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 6 (Nlrp6) highly expressed in NSPCs played a critical role in sustaining hippocampal neurogenesis to resist stress-induced depression, but the underlying mechnistms are still unclear. Here, we found that Nlrp6 depletion led to cognitive defects and hippocampal NSPC loss in mice. RNA-sequencing analysis of the primary NSPCs revealed that Nlrp6 deficiency altered gene expression profiles of mitochondrial energy generation and ferroptotic process. Upon siNlrp6 transfection, as well as corticosterone (CORT) exposure, downregulation of Nlrp6 suppressed retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1)/mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins (MAVS)-mediated autophagy, but drove NSPC ferroptotic death. More interesting, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) upregulated Nlrp6 expression and promoted RIG-1/MAVS-mediated mitophagy, preventing CORT-induced NSPC ferroptosis. Our study further demonstrates that Nlrp6 should be a sensor for RIG-1/MAVS-mediated mitophagy and play a critical role in maintain mitochondrial homeostasis of hippocampal NSPCs. These results suggests that Nlrp6 should be a potential drug target to combat neurodegenerative diseases relative with chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junhan Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China.
| | - Jianmei Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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4
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Xia C, Wang T, Hahm B. Triggering Degradation of Host Cellular Proteins for Robust Propagation of Influenza Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4677. [PMID: 38731896 PMCID: PMC11083682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Following infection, influenza viruses strive to establish a new host cellular environment optimized for efficient viral replication and propagation. Influenza viruses use or hijack numerous host factors and machinery not only to fulfill their own replication process but also to constantly evade the host's antiviral and immune response. For this purpose, influenza viruses appear to have formulated diverse strategies to manipulate the host proteins or signaling pathways. One of the most effective tactics is to specifically induce the degradation of the cellular proteins that are detrimental to the virus life cycle. Here, we summarize the cellular factors that are deemed to have been purposefully degraded by influenza virus infection. The focus is laid on the mechanisms for the protein ubiquitination and degradation in association with facilitated viral amplification. The fate of influenza viral infection of hosts is heavily reliant on the outcomes of the interplay between the virus and the host antiviral immunity. Understanding the processes of how influenza viruses instigate the protein destruction pathways could provide a foundation for the development of advanced therapeutics to target host proteins and conquer influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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5
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Xu C, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Zhao X, Liu M, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S. Multiple functions of the nonstructural protein 3D in picornavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365521. [PMID: 38629064 PMCID: PMC11018997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
3D polymerase, also known as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is encoded by all known picornaviruses, and their structures are highly conserved. In the process of picornavirus replication, 3D polymerase facilitates the assembly of replication complexes and directly catalyzes the synthesis of viral RNA. The nuclear localization signal carried by picornavirus 3D polymerase, combined with its ability to interact with other viral proteins, viral RNA and cellular proteins, indicate that its noncatalytic role is equally important in viral infections. Recent studies have shown that 3D polymerase has multiple effects on host cell biological functions, including inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating host cell translation, inducing autophagy, evading immune responses, and triggering inflammasome formation. Thus, 3D polymerase would be a very valuable target for the development of antiviral therapies. This review summarizes current studies on the structure of 3D polymerase and its regulation of host cell responses, thereby improving the understanding of picornavirus-mediated pathogenesis caused by 3D polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou J, Li C, Lu M, Jiang G, Chen S, Li H, Lu K. Pharmacological induction of autophagy reduces inflammation in macrophages by degrading immunoproteasome subunits. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002537. [PMID: 38447109 PMCID: PMC10917451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is linked to proinflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms by which autophagy limits inflammation remain elusive. Here, we found that the pan-FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 efficiently activated autophagy and suppressed expression of proinflammatory factors in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Multiplex proteomic profiling identified the immunoproteasome, which is a specific isoform of the 20s constitutive proteasome, as a substrate that is degraded by selective autophagy. SQSTM1/p62 was found to be a selective autophagy-related receptor that mediated this degradation. Autophagy deficiency or p62 knockdown blocked the effects of LY2874455, leading to the accumulation of immunoproteasomes and increases in inflammatory reactions. Expression of proinflammatory factors in autophagy-deficient macrophages could be reversed by immunoproteasome inhibitors, confirming the pivotal role of immunoproteasome turnover in the autophagy-mediated suppression on the expression of proinflammatory factors. In mice, LY2874455 protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and caused low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoproteasomes. These findings suggested that selective autophagy of the immunoproteasome was a key regulator of signaling via the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoyue Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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7
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1828. [PMID: 38339107 PMCID: PMC10855445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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8
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Chen Y, Wu C, Zhao X, Tan H, Li C, Deng Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Tian N, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Sun L. 20-Deoxyingenol alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by activating TFEB in nucleus pulposus cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115865. [PMID: 37863322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative disease with significant adverse implications for patients' quality of life and socioeconomic status. Although the precise etiology of IVDD remains elusive, the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells is recognized as the primary pathogenic factor of IVDD; however, drugs that may targetedly inhibit senescence are still lacking. In the current study, we evaluated the small-molecule active drug 20-Deoxyingenol(20-DOI) for its effects on combating senescence and delaying the progression of IVDD. In vitro experiments revealed that the administration of 20-DOI displayed inhibitory effects on senescence and the senescence-related cGAS-STING pathway of nucleus pulposus cells. Additionally, it exhibited the ability to enhance lysosome activity and promote autophagy flux within nucleus pulposus cells. Subsequent investigations elucidated that the inhibitory impact of 20-DOI on nucleus pulposus cell senescence was mediated through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This effect was diminished in the presence of transcription factor EB (TFEB) small hairpin RNA (shRNA), thereby confirming the regulatory role of 20-DOI on the autophagy-lysosome pathway and senescence through TFEB. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 20-DOI effectively impeded the progression ofIVDD in rats. These findings collectively illustrate that 20-DOI may facilitate the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by activating TFEB, thereby suppressing the senescence in nucleus pulposus cells, thus suggesting 20-DOI as a promising therapeutic approach for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongye Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Liaojun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Luo Y, Li Y, He L, Tu H, Lin X, Zhao F, Huang Y, Wen M, Wang L, Yang Z. Xinyang tablet ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by regulating Beclin-1 to mediate macrophage autophagy and M2 polarization through LncSICRNT1 targeting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. Chin Med 2023; 18:143. [PMID: 37919806 PMCID: PMC10621131 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Xinyang Tablet (XYT) has emerged as a potential intervention to counter sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMID) by influencing macrophage autophagy and M2 polarization. This study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism of XYT in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD). METHODS A microarray analysis was employed to explore sepsis-related changes, and bioinformatics analysis was used to predict lncRNAs binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This studio utilized SIMD mouse models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, followed by treatments involving varied doses of XYT, digoxin (positive control), or si-LncSICRNT1. After seven days, evaluations encompassing mouse hair/mental state/diet/weight were measured, and cardiac function via echocardiography were conducted. Myocardial tissue changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) subjected to LPS for M1 polarization were treated with oe-LncSICRNT1, si-TRAF6 and their negative control, XYT, or autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) (positive control). RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were employed to assess LncSICRNT1, TRAF6, Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I, and p62 levels. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used for M1/M2 polarization markers, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) gauged inflammatory factor levels. Interaction between TRAF6 and LncSICRNT1 was probed using RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS Chip analysis obtained 1463 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including LINC01550 (LncSICRNT1). Further prediction indicated that LncSICRNT1 was highly likely to directly bind to TRAF6. XYT treatment in LPS-induced SIMD mice led to notable enhancements in sleep/hair/diet/activity, increased weight/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd)/LV ejection fraction (LVEF)/LV fraction shortening (LVFS). These improvements were associated with elevated LncSICRNT1 expression and decreased TRAF6 protein levels, culminating in reduced myocardial inflammatory responses and improved cardiac function. Notably, XYT was found to suppress macrophage M1 polarization, while enhancing M2 polarization, ultimately benefitting cardiac function via LncSICRNT1 modulation. Furthermore, the study revealed LncSICRNT1 modulated Beclin-1 ubiquitination and restrained macrophage autophagy by targeting TRAF6 expression. CONCLUSION The study highlights XYT's potential to ameliorate LPS-induced SIMD by elevating LncSICRNT1 expression, influencing TRAF6 expression, and regulating Beclin-1 ubiquitination. These actions collectively inhibit macrophage autophagy and foster M1/M2 polarization, contributing to cardiac function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei He
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Tu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyong Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- President's Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Yan J, Gao Y, Bai J, Li J, Li M, Liu X, Jiang P. SERPINB1 promotes Senecavirus A replication by degrading IKBKE and regulating the IFN pathway via autophagy. J Virol 2023; 97:e0104523. [PMID: 37811994 PMCID: PMC10617579 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus associated with vesicular disease, which wide spreads around the world. It has evolved multiple strategies to evade host immune surveillance. The mechanism and pathogenesis of the virus infection remain unclear. In this study, we show that SERPINB1, a member of the SERPINB family, promotes SVA replication, and regulates both innate immunity and the autophagy pathway. SERPINB1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of IκB kinase epsilon (IKBKE) and degrades IKBKE through the proteasome pathway. Inhibition of IKBKE expression by SERPINB1 induces autophagy to decrease type I interferon signaling, and ultimately promotes SVA proliferation. These results provide importantly the theoretical basis of SVA replication and pathogenesis. SERPINB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Bullen CK, Singh AK, Krug S, Lun S, Thakur P, Srikrishna G, Bishai WR. MDA5 RNA-sensing pathway activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes innate immune subversion and pathogen survival. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166242. [PMID: 37725440 PMCID: PMC10619499 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cytosolic sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) RNA by the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family perturbs innate immune control within macrophages; however, a distinct role of MDA5, a member of the RLR family, in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. To further define the role of MDA5 in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, we evaluated M. tuberculosis intracellular growth and innate immune responses in WT and Mda5-/- macrophages. Transfection of M. tuberculosis RNA strongly induced proinflammatory cytokine production in WT macrophages, which was abrogated in Mda5-/- macrophages. M. tuberculosis infection in macrophages induced MDA5 protein expression, accompanied by an increase in MDA5 activation as assessed by multimer formation. IFN-γ-primed Mda5-/- macrophages effectively contained intracellular M. tuberculosis proliferation to a markedly greater degree than WT macrophages. Further comparisons of WT versus Mda5-/- macrophages revealed that during M. tuberculosis infection MDA5 contributed to IL-1β production and inflammasome activation and that loss of MDA5 led to a substantial increase in autophagy. In the mouse TB model, loss of MDA5 conferred host survival benefits with a concomitant reduction in M. tuberculosis bacillary burden. These data reveal that loss of MDA5 is host protective during M. tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that M. tuberculosis exploits MDA5 to subvert immune containment.
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12
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Wu M, Pei Z, Long G, Chen H, Jia Z, Xia W. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein: a potential therapeutic target in renal disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266461. [PMID: 37901251 PMCID: PMC10602740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a key innate immune adaptor on the outer mitochondrial membrane that acts as a switch in the immune signal transduction response to viral infections. Some studies have reported that MAVS mediates NF-κB and type I interferon signaling during viral infection and is also required for optimal NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Recent studies have reported that MAVS is involved in various cancers, systemic lupus erythematosus, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we summarize the structure, activation, pathophysiological roles, and MAVS-based therapies for renal diseases. This review provides novel insights into MAVS's role and therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyin Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Luo W, Qi H, Huang Z, Guo M, Peng D, Yang Z, Fan Z, Wang Q, Qin Q, Yang M, Lee X. Autophagy induced by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) facilitated intracellular viral replication and extracellular viral yields in common carp brain cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109049. [PMID: 37678483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conservative and important process that exists in all eukaryotic cells in nature. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as KHV (Koi Herpesvirus), is a pathogen that mainly infecting common carp and koi. In the present study, we identified the CcLC3B gene, with a length of 379 bp and displaying a close evolutionary relationship with other sixteen different species, the tissue distribution and expression pattern of CcLC3 were also identified. We found that CyHV-3 infection could promote autophagy in CCB cells at the early stage but inhibit autophagy at the late stage by using confocal fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. And we measured the protein levels associated with the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, intracellular replication of CyHV-3 at the mRNA and protein levels as well as viral titters. Collectively, the results taken together suggested that CyHV-3 infection could promote autophagy in CCB cells at the early stage but inhibit autophagy at the late stage via mTOR and that promoting autophagy could facilitate CyHV-3 intracellular replication and extracellular viral yields in CCB cells. These findings revealed the relationship between CyHV-3 and autophagy and provided a novel treatment strategy targeting the autophagy signalling pathway against CyHV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hemei Qi
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Centre, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Min Guo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Dikuang Peng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zimin Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zihan Fan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Xuezhu Lee
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bio Resource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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14
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Tojjari A, Saeed A, Singh M, Cavalcante L, Sahin IH, Saeed A. A Comprehensive Review on Cancer Vaccines and Vaccine Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1357. [PMID: 37631925 PMCID: PMC10459477 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, presents a substantial global health challenge due to its high mortality and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the potential of cancer vaccines as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC. We examine the various categories of cancer vaccines, including peptide-based, dendritic cell-based, viral vector-based, DNA, and mRNA vaccines, and their potential application in HCC management. This review also addresses the inherent challenges in vaccine development, such as tumor heterogeneity and the need for identifying tumor-specific antigens. We underscore the role of cancer vaccines in reshaping the immune environment within HCC, fostering durable immune memory, and their potential in combination therapies. The review also evaluates clinical trials and emphasizes the necessity for more extensive research to optimize vaccine design and patient selection criteria. We conclude with future perspectives, highlighting the significance of personalized therapies, innovative antigen delivery platforms, immune modulatory agents, and predictive biomarkers in revolutionizing HCC treatment. Simple Summary: This review explores the potential of cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent and deadly liver cancer. The authors discuss various types of cancer vaccines, their challenges, and their role in modulating the immune response within HCC. They also highlight clinical trials and future perspectives, emphasizing the importance of personalized therapies, novel antigen delivery platforms, and predictive biomarkers. The findings from this research could significantly impact the research community by providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of cancer vaccines for HCC, thereby guiding future research and potentially transforming HCC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
| | - Ahmed Saeed
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Institute, HCA Midwest Health, Kansas City, MO 64131, USA;
| | - Meghana Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
| | | | - Ibrahim Halil Sahin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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Chaudhary R, Meher A, Krishnamoorthy P, Kumar H. Interplay of host and viral factors in inflammatory pathway mediated cytokine storm during RNA virus infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100062. [PMID: 37273890 PMCID: PMC10238879 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses always have been a serious concern for human health by causing several outbreaks, often pandemics. The excessive mortality and deaths associated with the outbreaks caused by these viruses were due to the excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to cytokine storm. Cytokines are important for cell-to-cell communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This could lead to a severe self-reinforcement of several feedback processes, which could eventually cause systemic harm, multiple organ failure, or death. Multiple inflammation-associated pathways were involved in the cytokine production and its regulation. Different RNA viruses induce these pathways through the interplay with their viral factors and host proteins and miRNAs regulating these pathways. This review will discuss the interplay of host proteins and miRNAs that can play an important role in the regulation of cytokine storm and the possible therapeutic potential of these molecules for the treatment and the challenges associated with the clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Aparna Meher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
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16
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Mosaddeghi P, Farahmandnejad M, Zarshenas MM. The role of transposable elements in aging and cancer. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z. [PMID: 37017895 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large portion of the human genome. Various mechanisms at the transcription and post-transcription levels developed to suppress TE activity in healthy conditions. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that TE dysregulation is involved in various human diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. In this review, we explained how sensing TEs by the immune system could induce innate immune responses, chronic inflammation, and following age-related diseases. We also noted that inflammageing and exogenous carcinogens could trigger the upregulation of TEs in precancerous cells. Increased inflammation could enhance epigenetic plasticity and upregulation of early developmental TEs, which rewires the transcriptional networks and gift the survival advantage to the precancerous cells. In addition, upregulated TEs could induce genome instability, activation of oncogenes, or inhibition of tumor suppressors and consequent cancer initiation and progression. So, we suggest that TEs could be considered therapeutic targets in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Quality Control of Drug Products Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Chen F, Guo Z, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Hu B, Bai L, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y. Canine distemper virus N protein induces autophagy to facilitate viral replication. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:60. [PMID: 36922800 PMCID: PMC10015816 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine distemper virus (CDV) is one of the most contagious and lethal viruses known to the Canidae, with a very broad and expanding host range. Autophagy serves as a fundamental stabilizing response against pathogens, but some viruses have been able to evade or exploit it for their replication. However, the effect of autophagy mechanisms on CDV infection is still unclear. RESULTS In the present study, autophagy was induced in CDV-infected Vero cells as demonstrated by elevated LC3-II levels and aggregation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 spots. Furthermore, CDV promoted the complete autophagic process, which could be determined by the degradation of p62, co-localization of LC3 with lysosomes, GFP degradation, and accumulation of LC3-II and p62 due to the lysosomal protease inhibitor E64d. In addition, the use of Rapamycin to promote autophagy promoted CDV replication, and the inhibition of autophagy by Wortmannin, Chloroquine and siRNA-ATG5 inhibited CDV replication, revealing that CDV-induced autophagy facilitated virus replication. We also found that UV-inactivated CDV still induced autophagy, and that nucleocapsid (N) protein was able to induce complete autophagy in an mTOR-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time revealed that CDV N protein induced complete autophagy to facilitate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye St., Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Shuaiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yongshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Feline Calicivirus P39 Inhibits Innate Immune Responses by Autophagic Degradation of Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065254. [PMID: 36982330 PMCID: PMC10048920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a feline pathogen that can cause severe upper respiratory tract disease in cats, thus posing a major threat to their health. The exact pathogenic mechanism of FCV is still unclear, although it has been identified as having the ability to induce immune depression. In this study, we discovered that FCV infection triggers autophagy and that its non-structural proteins, P30, P32, and P39, are responsible for initiating this process. Additionally, we observed that altering autophagy levels via chemical modulation resulted in different influences on FCV replication. Moreover, our findings indicate that autophagy can modify the innate immunity induced by FCV infection, with increased autophagy further suppressing FCV-induced RIG-I signal transduction. This research provides insights into the mechanism of FCV replication and has the potential to aid in the development of autophagy-targeted drugs to inhibit or prevent FCV infection.
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Chen T, Tu S, Ding L, Jin M, Chen H, Zhou H. The role of autophagy in viral infections. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:5. [PMID: 36653801 PMCID: PMC9846652 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic cellular process that exerts antiviral functions during a viral invasion. However, co-evolution and co-adaptation between viruses and autophagy have armed viruses with multiple strategies to subvert the autophagic machinery and counteract cellular antiviral responses. Specifically, the host cell quickly initiates the autophagy to degrade virus particles or virus components upon a viral infection, while cooperating with anti-viral interferon response to inhibit the virus replication. Degraded virus-derived antigens can be presented to T lymphocytes to orchestrate the adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, some viruses have evolved the ability to inhibit autophagy in order to evade degradation and immune responses. Others induce autophagy, but then hijack autophagosomes as a replication site, or hijack the secretion autophagy pathway to promote maturation and egress of virus particles, thereby increasing replication and transmission efficiency. Interestingly, different viruses have unique strategies to counteract different types of selective autophagy, such as exploiting autophagy to regulate organelle degradation, metabolic processes, and immune responses. In short, this review focuses on the interaction between autophagy and viruses, explaining how autophagy serves multiple roles in viral infection, with either proviral or antiviral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shaoyu Tu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ling Ding
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Meilin Jin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430030 China
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20
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Panda C, Mahapatra RK. Bi-Directional Relationship Between Autophagy and Inflammasomes in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:115-137. [PMID: 35066716 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system, as the first line of cellular defense, triggers a protective response called inflammation when encountered with invading pathogens. Inflammasome is a multi-protein cytosolic signaling complex that induces inflammation and is critical for inflammation-induced pyroptotic cell death. Inflammasome activation has been found associated with neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Autophagy is a crucial intracellular quality control and homeostasis process which removes the dysfunctional organelles, damaged proteins, and pathogens by sequestering the cytosolic components in a double-membrane vesicle, which eventually fuses with lysosome resulting in cargo degradation. Autophagy disruption has been observed in many NDs presented with persistent neuroinflammation and excessive inflammasome activation. An interplay between inflammation activation and the autophagy process has been realized over the last decade. In the case of NDs, autophagy regulates neuroinflammation load and cellular damage either by engulfing the misfolded protein deposits, dysfunctional mitochondria, or the inflammasome complex itself. A healthy two-way regulation between both cellular processes has been realized for cell survival and cell defense during inflammatory conditions. Therefore, clinical interest in the modulation of inflammasome activation by autophagy inducers is rapidly growing. In this review, we discuss the structural basis of inflammasome activation and the mechanistic ideas of the autophagy process in NDs. Along with comments on multiple ways of neuroinflammation regulation by microglial autophagy, we also present a perspective on pharmacological opportunities in this molecular interplay pertaining to NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Panda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Rajani Kanta Mahapatra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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21
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Zhang K, Huang Q, Peng L, Lin S, Liu J, Zhang J, Li C, Zhai S, Xu Z, Wang S. The multifunctional roles of autophagy in the innate immune response: Implications for regulation of transplantation rejection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007559. [PMID: 36619861 PMCID: PMC9810636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the main treatment for end-stage organ failure, which has rescued tens of thousands of lives. Immune rejection is the main factor affecting the survival of transplanted organs. How to suppress immune rejection is an important goal of transplantation research. A graft first triggers innate immune responses, leading to graft inflammation, tissue injury and cell death, followed by adaptive immune activation. At present, the importance of innate immunity in graft rejection is poorly understood. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation system, is proven to be involved in regulating innate immune response following graft transplants. Moreover, there is evidence indicating that autophagy can regulate graft dysfunction. Although the specific mechanism by which autophagy affects graft rejection remains unclear, autophagy is involved in innate immune signal transduction, inflammatory response, and various forms of cell death after organ transplantation. This review summarizes how autophagy regulates these processes and proposes potential targets for alleviating immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laru Peng
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International BioIsland, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Yantang Dairy Co, Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhihong Xu, ; Sutian Wang,
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China,*Correspondence: Zhihong Xu, ; Sutian Wang,
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Ji L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Lu J, Bao S, Shen Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang W. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: The Operators of the Ubiquitin Code That Regulates the RLR and cGAS-STING Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314601. [PMID: 36498930 PMCID: PMC9740615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks caused by RNA and DNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox, pose serious threats to human health. The RLR and cGAS-STING pathways contain major cytoplasmic sensors and signaling transduction axes for host innate antiviral immunity. In physiological and virus-induced pathological states, the activation and inactivation of these signal axes are tightly controlled, especially post-translational modifications (PTMs). E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are the direct manipulator of ubiquitin codons and determine the type and modification type of substrate proteins. Therefore, members of the E3s family are involved in balancing the host's innate antiviral immune responses, and their functions have been extensively studied over recent decades. In this study, we overviewed the mechanisms of different members of three E3s families that mediate the RLR and cGAS-STING axes and analyzed them as potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of virus-related diseases.
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23
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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马 沁, 刘 莉, 于 嘉, 宫 照, 王 晓, 吴 晓, 邓 光. [TRAF6 promotes Bacillus Calmette- Guérin-induced macrophage apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1279-1287. [PMID: 36210699 PMCID: PMC9550557 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in regulating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced macrophage apoptosis. METHODS The expression of TRAF6 in peripheral blood samples of 50 patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and 50 healthy individuals were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RAW264.7 macrophages were infected with BCG at different MOI and for different lengths of time, and the changes in expressions of Caspase 3 and TRAF6 were detected with Western blotting and qPCR. In a RAW264.7 cell model of BCG infection with TRAF6 knockdown established using RNA interference technique, the bacterial load was measured and cell apoptotic rate and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined with flow cytometry. The expression levels of TRAF6, Caspase 3, PARP, BAX and Bcl-2 in the cells were detected using Western blotting, and the expressions of TRAF6 and Caspase 3 were also examined with immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The expression of TRAF6 was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB as compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). In RAW264.7 cells, BCG infection significantly increased the expressions of Caspase 3 and TRAF6, which were the highest in cells infected for 18 h and at the MOI of 15. TRAF6 knockdown caused a significant increase of bacterial load in BCG-infected macrophages (P=0.05), lowered the cell apoptotic rate (P < 0.001) and reduced the expressions of Caspase 3 (P=0.002) and PARP (P < 0.001). BCG-infected RAW264.7 cells showed a significantly increased MMP (P < 0.001), which was lowered by TRAF6 knockdown (P < 0.001); the cells with both TRAF6 knockdown and BCG infection showed a lowered BAX expression (P=0.005) and an increased expression of Bcl-2 (P=0.04). CONCLUSION TRAF6 promotes BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis by regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 沁梅 马
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 莉 刘
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 嘉霖 于
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 照乾 宫
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 晓平 王
- 宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院,宁夏 银川 750021Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 晓玲 吴
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - 光存 邓
- 西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China
- 宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏 银川 750021College of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Ye S, Tan C, Yang X, Wang J, Li Q, Xu L, Wang Z, Mao J, Wang J, Cheng K, Chen A, Zhou P, Li S. Transcriptome Analysis of Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Overexpression Reveals the Potential Genes for Autophagy-Related Negative Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:2009. [PMID: 35805093 PMCID: PMC9265583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) serves as an essential viral RNA sensor for innate immune. The activation of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) pathway triggers many regulations for the outcome of type I interferon, including ubiquitination, dephosphorylation, ISGylation, and autophagy. However, the autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I is still not fully understood. To investigate the potentially unknown genes related to autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I, we firstly confirm the induction of autophagy derived by overexpression of RIG-I. Furthermore, the autophagy inducer and inhibitor drugs were used in different assays. The results showed autophagy could control the activation of RLRs pathway and expression of exogenous RIG-I. In addition, we carried out the transcriptome analysis of overexpression of RIG-I in vitro. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GO and KEGG signaling pathways enrichment provided a newly complex network. Finally, the validation of qPCR indicated that the DEGs PTPN22, PRKN, OTUD7B, and SIRT2 were correlated to the negative regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. Taken together, our study contributed new insights into a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. It provided the potential candidate genes for autophagy-related negative regulation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, China;
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China;
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aolei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
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26
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Rudiansyah M, Jasim SA, Mohammad Pour ZG, Athar SS, Jeda AS, Doewes RI, Jalil AT, Bokov DO, Mustafa YF, Noroozbeygi M, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) update: From metabolic reprogramming to immunometabolism. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4611-4627. [PMID: 35689351 PMCID: PMC9350347 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of immunometabolism investigates and describes the effects of metabolic rewiring in immune cells throughout activation and the fates of these cells. Recently, it has been appreciated that immunometabolism plays an essential role in the progression of viral infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Regarding COVID‐19, the aberrant immune response underlying the progression of diseases establishes two major respiratory pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pneumonia‐induced acute lung injury (ALI). Both innate and adaptive immunity (T cell‐based) were impaired in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Current findings have deciphered that macrophages (innate immune cells) are involved in the inflammatory response seen in COVID‐19. It has been demonstrated that immune system cells can change metabolic reprogramming in some conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious disease, including COVID‐19. The growing findings on metabolic reprogramming in COVID‐19 allow an exploration of metabolites with immunomodulatory properties as future therapies to combat this hyperinflammatory response. The elucidation of the exact role and mechanism underlying this metabolic reprograming in immune cells could help apply more precise approaches to initial diagnosis, prognosis, and in‐hospital therapy. This report discusses the latest findings from COVID‐19 on host metabolic reprogramming and immunometabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat/Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | | | - Sara Sohrabi Athar
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi Jeda
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - D O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mina Noroozbeygi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Zerdan MB, Nasr L, Kassab J, Saba L, Ghossein M, Yaghi M, Dominguez B, Chaulagain CP. Adhesion molecules in multiple myeloma oncogenesis and targeted therapy. Int J Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:IJH39. [PMID: 35663420 PMCID: PMC9136637 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day we march closer to finding the cure for multiple myeloma. The myeloma cells inflict their damage through specialized cellular meshwork and cytokines system. Implicit in these interactions are cellular adhesion molecules and their regulators which include but are not limited to integrins and syndecan-1/CD138, immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, such as CD44, cadherins such as N-cadherin, and selectins, such as E-selectin. Several adhesion molecules are respectively involved in myelomagenesis such as in the transition from the precursor disorder monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to indolent asymptomatic multiple myeloma (smoldering myeloma) then to active multiple myeloma or primary plasma cell leukemia, and in the pathological manifestations of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Myeloma & Amyloidosis Program, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | - Lewis Nasr
- Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kassab
- Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ludovic Saba
- Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Myriam Ghossein
- Department of Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Myeloma & Amyloidosis Program, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | - Barbara Dominguez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Myeloma & Amyloidosis Program, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | - Chakra P Chaulagain
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Myeloma & Amyloidosis Program, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
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28
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Lv Z, Guo M, Zhao X, Shao Y, Zhang W, Li C. IL-17/IL-17 Receptor Pathway-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Apostichopus japonicus Supports the Conserved Functions of Cytokines in Invertebrates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:464-479. [PMID: 34965964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation participates in host defenses against infectious agents and contributes to the pathophysiology of many diseases. IL-17 is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to various aspects of inflammation in vertebrates. However, the functional role of invertebrate IL-17 in inflammatory regulation is not well understood. In this study, we first established an inflammatory model in the Vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata). Typical inflammatory symptoms, such as increased coelomocyte infiltration, tissue vacuoles, and tissue fractures, were observed in the V. splendidus-infected and diseased tissue of the body wall. Interestingly, A. japonicus IL-17 (AjIL-17) expression in the body wall and coelomocytes was positively correlated with the development of inflammation. The administration of purified recombinant AjIL-17 protein also directly promoted inflammation in A. japonicus Through genome searches and ZDOCK prediction, a novel IL-17R counterpart containing FNIII and hypothetical TIR domains was identified in the sea cucumber genome. Coimmunoprecipitation, far-Western blotting, and laser confocal microscopy confirmed that AjIL-17R could bind AjIL-17. A subsequent cross-linking assay revealed that the AjIL-17 dimer mediates the inflammatory response by the specific binding of dimeric AjIL-17R upon pathogen infection. Moreover, silencing AjIL-17R significantly attenuated the LPS- or exogenous AjIL-17-mediated inflammatory response. Functional analysis revealed that AjIL-17/AjIL-17R modulated inflammatory responses by promoting A. japonicus TRAF6 ubiquitination and p65 nuclear translocation and evenly mediated coelomocyte proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results provide functional evidence that IL-17 is a conserved cytokine in invertebrates and vertebrates associated with inflammatory regulation via the IL-17-IL-17R-TRAF6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; and .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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29
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Liang W, Liu H, He J, Ai L, Meng Q, Zhang W, Yu C, Wang H, Liu H. Studies Progression on the Function of Autophagy in Viral Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:772965. [PMID: 34977022 PMCID: PMC8716779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conservative lysosomal catabolic pathway commonly seen in eukaryotic cells. It breaks down proteins and organelles by forming a two-layer membrane structure of autophagosomes and circulating substances and maintaining homeostasis. Autophagy can play a dual role in viral infection and serve either as a pro-viral factor or an antiviral defense element dependent on the virus replication cycle. Recent studies have suggested the complicated and multidirectional role of autophagy in the process of virus infection. On the one hand, autophagy can orchestrate immunity to curtail infection. On the other hand, some viruses have evolved strategies to evade autophagy degradation, facilitating their replication. In this review, we summarize recent progress of the interaction between autophagy and viral infection. Furthermore, we highlight the link between autophagy and SARS-CoV-2, which is expected to guide the development of effective antiviral treatments against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junli He
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Ai
- Department of Teaching and Research, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Department of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengwei Yu
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Ke PY. Autophagy and antiviral defense. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:317-338. [PMID: 34859938 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy not only maintains cellular homeostasis but also counteracts the effects of external stimuli, including invading pathogens. Among various kinds of pathogens, viruses have been extensively shown to induce autophagy to benefit viral growth in infected cells and to modulate host defense responses, such as innate antiviral immunity. Recently, numerous lines of evidence have implied that virus-induced autophagy triggers multilayer mechanisms to regulate the innate antiviral response of host cells, thus promoting a balance in virus-host cell interactions. In this review, the detailed mechanisms underlying autophagy and the innate antiviral immune response are first described. Then, I summarize the current information regarding the diverse functional role(s) of autophagy in the control of antiviral defenses against different types of viral infections. Moreover, the physiological significance of autophagy-regulated antiviral responses on the viral life cycle and the potential autophagy alterations induced by virus-associated antiviral signaling is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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31
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Chauhan S, Jena KK, Mehto S, Chauhan NR, Sahu R, Dhar K, Yadav R, Krishna S, Jaiswal P, Chauhan S. Innate immunity and inflammophagy: balancing the defence and immune homeostasis. FEBS J 2021; 289:4112-4131. [PMID: 34826185 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive crosstalk exists between autophagy and innate immune signalling pathways. The stimuli that induce pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated innate immune signalling pathways, also upregulate autophagy. The purpose of this increased autophagy is to eliminate the stimuli and/or suppress the inflammatory pathways by targeted degradation of PRRs or intermediary proteins (termed 'inflammophagy'). By executing these functions, autophagy dampens excess inflammation triggered by the innate immune signalling pathways. Thus, autophagy helps in the maintenance of the body's innate immune homeostasis to protect from inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Many autophagy-dependent mechanisms that could control innate immune signalling have been studied over the last few years. However, still, the understanding is incomplete, and studies that are more systematic should be undertaken to delineate the mechanisms of inflammophagy. Here, we discuss the available knowledge of crosstalk between autophagy and PRR signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chauhan
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kautilya Kumar Jena
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhash Mehto
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rinku Sahu
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kollori Dhar
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rina Yadav
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sivaram Krishna
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pundrik Jaiswal
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Cell and Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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32
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Zhang K, Huang Q, Deng S, Yang Y, Li J, Wang S. Mechanisms of TLR4-Mediated Autophagy and Nitroxidative Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:766590. [PMID: 34746034 PMCID: PMC8570305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.766590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic infections have badly affected public health and the development of the breeding industry. Billions of dollars are spent every year fighting against these pathogens. The immune cells of a host produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which promote the clearance of these microbes. In addition, autophagy, which is considered an effective method to promote the destruction of pathogens, is involved in pathological processes. As research continues, the interplay between autophagy and nitroxidative stress has become apparent. Autophagy is always intertwined with nitroxidative stress. Autophagy regulates nitroxidative stress to maintain homeostasis within an appropriate range. Intracellular oxidation, in turn, is a strong inducer of autophagy. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor mainly involved in the regulation of inflammation during infectious diseases. Several studies have suggested that TLR4 is also a key regulator of autophagy and nitroxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of TLR4 in autophagy and oxidation, and focus on its function in influencing autophagy-nitroxidative stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yecheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Gene Editing Engineering Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. Autophagy Modulation by Viral Infections Influences Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743780. [PMID: 34745965 PMCID: PMC8569469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly relevant in tumor model in which autophagy has been demonstrated to have an important impact on tumor behavior. In one hand, autophagy limits tumor transformation of precancerous cells in early stage, and in the other hand, it favors the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to antitumor therapies in more advanced tumors. This catabolic machinery can be induced by an important variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli. For instance, viral infection has often been associated to autophagic modulation, and the role of autophagy in virus replication differs according to the virus studied. In the context of tumor development, virus-modulated autophagy can have an important impact on tumor cells' fate. Extensive analyses have shed light on the molecular and/or functional complex mechanisms by which virus-modulated autophagy influences precancerous or tumor cell development. This review includes an overview of discoveries describing the repercussions of an autophagy perturbation during viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
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34
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Wan SW, Lee YR, Ho TS, Chang CP. Regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by autophagy in dengue virus infection. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:170-179. [PMID: 34553486 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is not only an intracellular recycling degradation system that maintains cellular homeostasis but is also a component of innate immunity that contributes to host defense against viral infection. The viral components as well as viral particles trapped in autophagosomes can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Abundant evidence indicates that dengue virus (DENV) has evolved the potent ability to hijack or subvert autophagy process for escaping host immunity and promoting viral replication. Moreover, autophagy is often required to deliver viral components to pattern recognition receptors signaling for interferon (IFN)-mediated viral elimination. Hence, this review summarizes DENV-induced autophagy, which exhibits dual effects on proviral activity of promoting replication and antiviral activity to eliminating viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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35
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Dubey AR, Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Patwa SM, Kinger S, Kumar A, Singh S, Prasad A, Jana NR, Mishra A. Biochemical strategies of E3 ubiquitin ligases target viruses in critical diseases. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:161-182. [PMID: 34520596 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known to cause various diseases in human and also infect other species such as animal plants, fungi, and bacteria. Replication of viruses depends upon their interaction with hosts. Human cells are prone to such unwanted viral infections. Disintegration and reconstitution require host machinery and various macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins are invaded by viral particles. E3 ubiquitin ligases are known for their specific function, that is, recognition of their respective substrates for intracellular degradation. Still, we do not understand how ubiquitin proteasome system-based enzymes E3 ubiquitin ligases do their functional interaction with different viruses. Whether E3 ubiquitin ligases help in the elimination of viral components or viruses utilize their molecular capabilities in their intracellular propagation is not clear. The first time our current article comprehends fundamental concepts and new insights on the different viruses and their interaction with various E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. In this review, we highlight the molecular pathomechanism of viruses linked with E3 Ubiquitin Ligases dependent mechanisms. An enhanced understanding of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-mediated removal of viral proteins may open new therapeutic strategies against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur R Dubey
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj A Jagtap
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Som M Patwa
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Nihar R Jana
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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36
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TRAF6 Promoted Tumor Glycolysis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Activating the Akt-HIF α Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3431245. [PMID: 34409101 PMCID: PMC8367595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3431245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
TRAF6 has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its precise role in tumor development has not been elaborated. In the present study, the function and the mechanism by which TRAF6 contributes to development were intensively investigated. TRAF6 was found to be overexpressed in primary NSCLC tumor tissue and all tested cell lines. Knockdown of TRAF6 with shRNA substantially attenuated NSCLC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, tumor glycolysis, such as glucose consumption and lactate production, also significantly impaired. In TRAF6-deficient cells, hexokinase-2 expression was significantly reduced, which was caused by the decrease of HIF-1α transcriptional activity. Further investigations demonstrated that TRAF6 played an important role in the regulation of Akt activation, and exogenous overexpression of constitutively activated Akt substantially rescued glycolysis suppression in TRAF6 knockdown cells. The results of the xenograft model confirmed that downregulation of TRAF6 in NSCLC tumor cells dramatically restrained tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our studies revealed the mechanism by which TRAF6 exerts its role in NSCLC development and suggested TRAF6 maybe was a promising candidate target for lung cancer prevention and therapy.
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37
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Ganesh GV, Mohanram RK. Metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in viral diseases. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2268. [PMID: 34176174 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide and the ensuing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left us scrambling for ways to contain the disease and develop vaccines that are safe and effective. Equally important, understanding the impact of the virus on the host system in convalescent patients, healthy otherwise or with co-morbidities, is expected to aid in developing effective strategies in the management of patients afflicted with the disease. Viruses possess the uncanny ability to redirect host metabolism to serve their needs and also limit host immune response to ensure their survival. An ever-increasingly powerful approach uses metabolomics to uncover diverse molecular signatures that influence a wide array of host signalling networks in different viral infections. This would also help integrate experimental findings from individual studies to yield robust evidence. In addition, unravelling the molecular mechanisms harnessed by both viruses and tumours in their host metabolism will help broaden the repertoire of therapeutic tools available to combat viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham V Ganesh
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar K Mohanram
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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38
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Frietze KK, Brown AM, Das D, Franks RG, Cunningham JL, Hayward M, Nickels JT. Lipotoxicity reduces DDX58/Rig-1 expression and activity leading to impaired autophagy and cell death. Autophagy 2021; 18:142-160. [PMID: 33966599 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1920818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD is a consequence of fat accumulation in the liver leading to lipotoxicity. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the critical role of autophagy in NAFLD. This study uncovers the unexpected role of immune surveillance protein DDX58/Rig-1 (DExD/H box helicase 58) in activating macroautophagy/autophagy and protecting from lipotoxicity associated with NAFLD. Here we show for the first time that DDX58 protein is significantly reduced in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model, an aggressive form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. In addition to decreased expression of DDX58, we found that DDX58 activity can be attenuated by treatments with palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid. To investigate whether PA inhibition of DDX58 is harmful to the cell, we characterized DDX58 function in hepatocytes when exposed to high doses of PA in the presence and/or absence of DDX58. We show that siRNA knockdown of DDX58 promotes apoptosis. Importantly, we show that stable overexpression of DDX58 is protective against toxic levels of PA and stimulates autophagy. This study begins to demonstrate the regulation of the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 through DDX58. DDX58 expression directly influences SQSTM1 mRNA and protein levels. This work proposes a model in which activating DDX58 increases an autophagic response and this aids in clearing toxic lipid inclusion bodies, which leads to inflammation and apoptosis. Activating a DDX58-induced autophagy response may be a strategy for treating NAFLD.Abbreviations:5'pppdsRNA: 5' triphosphate double-stranded RNA; CDAHFD: choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined high-fat diet; CEBPB: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta; CQ: chloroquine; DDX58/retinoic acid inducible gene 1/Rig-1: DExD/H box helicase 58; h: hours; IFIH1/MDA5: interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta 1, fibroblast; KO: knockout; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; PA: palmitic acid; poly:IC: polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; PRR: pattern recognition receptors; PSR: picrosirus red; RAP: rapamycin; RLR: RIG-I-like receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K Frietze
- Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Alyssa M Brown
- Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Dividutta Das
- Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Raymond G Franks
- Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph T Nickels
- Institute of Metabolic Disorders, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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39
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Yang L, Wang J, Hui P, Yarovinsky TO, Badeti S, Pham K, Liu C. Potential role of IFN-α in COVID-19 patients and its underlying treatment options. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4005-4015. [PMID: 33950278 PMCID: PMC8096625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide. Given that this contagious viral outbreak is still unfolding, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore effective treatments to protect patients from developing a severe illness related to COVID-19. Recently, IFN-α has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat COVID-19 disease, mainly because the innate immune system rapidly produces IFN-α as the first line of defense to combat viral infections. However, IFN-α can also play a role in immunoregulatory effects, causing pathogenic damage and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. There are 13 human IFN-α subtypes that bind to the same receptor and induce different interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, regulating various antiviral and immunoregulatory effects. The varying degrees of inflammatory regulations may raise concerns about the possible side effects to enlarge the inflammatory responses, exacerbating the severity of infection. Thus, the analysis of various IFN-α subtype induction during SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary in exploring the mechanism of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of IFN-α in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus diseases and IFN-α based clinical intervention used in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory virus diseases. Besides, new ideas in selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates for viral infection treatment will also be discussed.Key Points• IFN-α plays an important role in anti-viral and immunoregulatory effects in COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2.• The uncontrolled inflammation and disease severity correlated to the diversity of IFN-α subtype induction.• Selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates will be beneficial for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Saiaditya Badeti
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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40
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Huoh YS, Hur S. Death domain fold proteins in immune signaling and transcriptional regulation. FEBS J 2021; 289:4082-4097. [PMID: 33905163 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Death domain fold (DDF) superfamily comprises of the death domain (DD), death effector domain (DED), caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD), and pyrin domain (PYD). By utilizing a conserved mode of interaction involving six distinct surfaces, a DDF serves as a building block that can densely pack into homomultimers or filaments. Studies of immune signaling components have revealed that DDF-mediated filament formation plays a central role in mediating signal transduction and amplification. The unique ability of DDFs to self-oligomerize upon external signals and induce oligomerization of partner molecules underlies key processes in many innate immune signaling pathways, as exemplified by RIG-I-like receptor signalosome and inflammasome assembly. Recent studies showed that DDFs are not only limited to immune signaling pathways, but also are involved with transcriptional regulation and other biological processes. Considering that DDF annotation still remains a challenge, the current list of DDFs and their functions may represent just the tip of the iceberg within the full spectrum of DDF biology. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of DDF functions, structures, and assembly architectures with a focus on CARD- and PYD-containing proteins. We also discuss areas of future research and the potential relationship of DDFs with biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-San Huoh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
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41
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Verhoeven J, Baelen J, Agrawal M, Agostinis P. Endothelial cell autophagy in homeostasis and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1497-1511. [PMID: 33837545 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic materials, is increasingly recognized as a major player in endothelial cell (EC) biology and vascular pathology. Particularly in solid tumors, tumor microenvironmental stress such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, inflammatory mediators, and metabolic aberrations stimulates autophagy in tumor-associated blood vessels. Increased autophagy in ECs may serve as a mechanism to alleviate stress and restrict exacerbated inflammatory responses. However, increased autophagy in tumor-associated ECs can re-model metabolic pathways and affect the trafficking and surface availability of key mediators and regulators of the interplay between EC and immune cells. In line with this, heightened EC autophagy is involved in pathological angiogenesis, inflammatory, and immune responses. Here, we review major cellular and molecular mechanisms regulated by autophagy in ECs under physiological conditions and discuss recent evidence implicating EC autophagy in tumor angiogenesis and immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Verhoeven
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Baelen
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Grolmusz VK, Bozsik A, Papp J, Patócs A. Germline Genetic Variants of Viral Entry and Innate Immunity May Influence Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Toward a Polygenic Risk Score for Risk Stratification. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653489. [PMID: 33763088 PMCID: PMC7982482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected all aspects of human society with a special focus on healthcare. Although older patients with preexisting chronic illnesses are more prone to develop severe complications, younger, healthy individuals might also exhibit serious manifestations. Previous studies directed to detect genetic susceptibility factors for earlier epidemics have provided evidence of certain protective variations. Following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, viral entry into cells followed by recognition and response by the innate immunity are key determinants of COVID-19 development. In the present review our aim was to conduct a thorough review of the literature on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as key agents affecting the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity. Several SNPs within the scope of our approach were found to alter susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, a multitude of studies confirmed genetic associations between the analyzed genes and autoimmune diseases, underlining the versatile immune consequences of these variants. Based on confirmed associations it is highly plausible that the SNPs affecting viral entry and innate immunity might confer altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complex clinical consequences. Anticipating several COVID-19 genomic susceptibility loci based on the ongoing genome wide association studies, our review also proposes that a well-established polygenic risk score would be able to clinically leverage the acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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43
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Cao W, Li J, Yang K, Cao D. An overview of autophagy: Mechanism, regulation and research progress. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:304-322. [PMID: 33423775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to the formation of autophagosomes by membrane wrapping part of the cytoplasm and the organelles and proteins that need to be degraded in the cells. Autophagosomes are fused with lysosomes to form autophagolysosome, which degrade the contents of the inclusions, to achieve cell homeostasis and organelle renewal. The regulatory mechanism of autophagy is complex, and its upstream signaling pathway mainly involves mTOR dependent pathway and mTOR independent pathway (AMPK, PI3K, Ras-MAPK, p53, PTEN, endoplasmic reticulum stress). Autophagy is a phenomenon of "self-eating" in cells. Apoptosis is a phenomenon of "self-killing". Both of them share the same stimulating factors and regulatory proteins, but the threshold of induction is different. How to transform and coordinate is not clear at present. This paper summarizes the history of autophagy discovery, the structure and function of related molecules, the biological function of autophagy, the regulatory mechanism and the research results of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Cao
- Anhui University of Science & Technology, Medical school, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jinhong Li
- Juancheng Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group, Heze 274100, China
| | - Kepeng Yang
- Anhui University of Science & Technology, Medical school, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Dongli Cao
- Anhui University of Science & Technology, Medical school, Huainan 232001, China
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44
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Pradel B, Robert-Hebmann V, Espert L. Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Autophagy: A Goldmine for Viruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578038. [PMID: 33123162 PMCID: PMC7573147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway for intracellular components and is highly conserved across eukaryotes. This process is a key player in innate immunity and its activation has anti-microbial effects by directly targeting pathogens and also by regulating innate immune responses. Autophagy dysfunction is often associated with inflammatory diseases. Many studies have shown that it can also play a role in the control of innate immunity by preventing exacerbated inflammation and its harmful effects toward the host. The arms race between hosts and pathogens has led some viruses to evolve strategies that enable them to benefit from autophagy, either by directly hijacking the autophagy pathway for their life cycle, or by using its regulatory functions in innate immunity. The control of viral replication and spread involves the production of anti-viral cytokines. Controlling the signals that lead to production of these cytokines is a perfect way for viruses to escape from innate immune responses and establish successful infection. Published reports related to this last viral strategy have extensively grown in recent years. In this review we describe several links between autophagy and regulation of innate immune responses and we provide an overview of how viruses exploit these links for their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pradel
- IRIM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lucile Espert
- IRIM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
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45
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Khalil H, Abd ElHady A, Elawdan KA, Mohamed D, Mohamed DD, Abd El Maksoud AI, El-Chennawi FA, El-Fikiy B, El-Sayed IH. The Mechanical Autophagy as a Part of Cellular Immunity; Facts and Features in Treating the Medical Disorders. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:266-289. [PMID: 32993405 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1828453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular housekeeping process that incorporates lysosomal-degradation to maintain cell survival and energy sources. In recent decades, the role of autophagy has implicated in the initiation and development of many diseases that affect humanity. Among these diseases are autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, which connected with the lacking autophagy. Other diseases are connected with the increasing levels of autophagy such as cancers and infectious diseases. Therefore, controlling autophagy with sufficient regulators could represent an effective strategy to overcome such diseases. Interestingly, targeting autophagy can also provide a sufficient method to combat the current epidemic caused by the ongoing coronavirus. In this review, we aim to highlight the physiological function of the autophagic process to understand the circumstances surrounding its role in the cellular immunity associated with the development of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amira Abd ElHady
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Doaa D Mohamed
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Farha A El-Chennawi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansora University, Mansora, Egypt
| | - Bhgat El-Fikiy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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46
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Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that collectively establish an antiviral host response. Recent studies have revealed that both viral and host-derived RNAs can trigger RLR activation; this can lead to an effective antiviral response but also immunopathology if RLR activities are uncontrolled. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the types of RNA sensed by RLRs in the contexts of viral infection, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. We further describe how the activity of RLRs is controlled by host regulatory mechanisms, including RLR-interacting proteins, post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss key outstanding questions in the RLR field, including how our knowledge of RLR biology could be translated into new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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47
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Xu F, Ma Y, Huang W, Gao J, Guo M, Li J, Kong L, Liang G, Du R, Xu Q, Wu X. Typically inhibiting USP14 promotes autophagy in M1-like macrophages and alleviates CLP-induced sepsis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32820146 PMCID: PMC7441392 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, with diverse functions and variable phenotypes, are considered as an important executor of inflammatory diseases. And it has been proved that autophagy is deeply connected with the development of inflammation, while the exact regulatory mechanism still remains unclear, and the application of autophagy regulators in anti-inflammation needs to be further confirmed. Here, we firstly verified that neochromine S5 (hereinafter referred to as S5) significantly inhibited M1-like macrophage polarization with decrease of the proinflammatory cytokines and downregulation of NF-κB and STAT1 signals. Then, in vivo experiments demonstrated S5 improved cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis specially based on the regulation of M1-like macrophages. Mechanistic studies indicated that S5 treatment dramatically upregulated cellular autophagy in M1-like macrophage. Furthermore, by multiple methods, S5 was revealed to directly bind with ubiquitin-specific proteases 14 (USP14) at Ser404, Phe405, and Cys414 by hydrogen bond to inhibit its deubiquitinating activity, and block USP14-TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) interaction, subsequently promoting ubiquitination of Beclin1, interrupting Beclin1-Bcl2 interaction, and accumulating the autophagosome in macrophages, which finally resulted in the blockade of M1-like macrophage polarization. Animal experiments also confirmed the protection of S5 in CLP mice was dependent on activation of macrophage autophagy. What's more, as a novel USP14 inhibitor, S5 exhibited higher efficiency and safety than IU1, the known USP14 inhibitor. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that typically inhibiting USP14 promotes autophagy in M1-like macrophages and alleviates CLP-induced sepsis. Moreover, we provide a new candidate compound, S5, for sensitizing autophagy to interfere with the macrophage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jianxin Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, 325035 China
| | - Ronghui Du
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 China
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ClC-3 induction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through promoting Beclin1/Vps34-mediated autophagy. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1046-1055. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sanchez-Garrido J, Shenoy AR. Regulation and repurposing of nutrient sensing and autophagy in innate immunity. Autophagy 2020; 17:1571-1591. [PMID: 32627660 PMCID: PMC8354595 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1783119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients not only act as building blocks but also as signaling molecules. Nutrient-availability promotes cell growth and proliferation and suppresses catabolic processes, such as macroautophagy/autophagy. These effects are mediated by checkpoint kinases such as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), which is activated by amino acids and growth factors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is activated by low levels of glucose or ATP. These kinases have wide-ranging activities that can be co-opted by immune cells upon exposure to danger signals, cytokines or pathogens. Here, we discuss recent insight into the regulation and repurposing of nutrient-sensing responses by the innate immune system during infection. Moreover, we examine how natural mutations and pathogen-mediated interventions can alter the balance between anabolic and autophagic pathways leading to a breakdown in tissue homeostasis and/or host defense.Abbreviations: AKT1/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP3K7/TAK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NLR: NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRR: pattern-recognition receptor; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RALB: RAS like proto-oncogene B; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RRAG: Ras related GTP binding; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1/TMEM173: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM: tripartite motif protein; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-proton-translocating ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sanchez-Garrido
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Satellite Group Leader, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Li K, Hao Z, Zhao X, Du J, Zhou Y. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune responses: Friends or foes? Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12895. [PMID: 32445403 PMCID: PMC7267129 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an emerging coronavirus that belongs to the β‐genus, causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can stimulate a pronounced immune response in the host, which embodies in the decrease of lymphocytes and aberrant increase of cytokines in COVID‐19 patients. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and proteins interact with various pattern recognition receptors that switch on antiviral immune responses to regulate viral replication and spreading within the host in vivo. However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation. This article focuses on the dual roles of immune system during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, providing a theoretical basic for identifying therapeutic targets in a situation with an unfavourable immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Hao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiying Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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