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Wang X, Xue Q, Duan Q, Sun Z, Wu Y, Yang S, Xu P, Cao H, Liao F, Wang X, Miao C. Circ_0011058 alleviates RA pathology through the circ_0011058/miR-335-5p/CUL4B signal axis. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2299587. [PMID: 38254314 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2299587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study found that Cullin 4B (CUL4B) inhibited rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology through glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β)/canonical Wnt signalling pathway. In this work, pre-experiment and bioinformatics analysis suggested that circ_0011058 may lead to the up-regulation of CUL4B expression by inhibiting miR-335-5p. Therefore, we studied whether circ_0011058 can promote the expression of CUL4B through sponging the miR-335-5p and further promote the pathological development of RA. Bioinformatics prediction, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB), double luciferase reporter gene and other relevant methods were used to study the inhibition of circ_0011058 on RA pathology and its molecular mechanism. Results showed that the expression of circ_0011058 was significantly increased in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The knockout of circ_0011058 inhibited the proliferation of AA FLS and RA FLS, decreased the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), fibronectin, which showed that circ_0011058 had a strong role in promoting RA pathology. Furthermore, miR-335-5p expression was reduced in AA rats and RA FLS. The highly expressed circ_0011058 directly sponged the miR-335-5p, which led to the increase of CUL4B expression and promoted the activation of the GSK3β/canonical signalling pathway. Finally, we confirmed that miR-335-5p mediated the roles of circ_0011058 in promoting RA pathological development, which showed that the circ_0011058/miR-335-5p/CUL4B signal axis was involved in RA pathology. This work was of great significance for clarifying the roles of circ_0011058 in RA pathology, and further work was needed to establish whether circ_0011058 was a potential therapeutic target or diagnostic marker for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangjun Duan
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Department of Scientific Research Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Huibo Cao
- Chuzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Chuzhou, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Peng M, Yao Z, Zhang J, Lin Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Liao J, Cai X. Discovery and validation of anti-arthritic ingredients and mechanisms of Qingfu Juanbi Tang, a Chinese herbal formulation, on rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118140. [PMID: 38565409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingfu Juanbi Tang (QFJBT), a novel and improved Chinese herbal formulation, has surged in recent years for its potential in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-arthritic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of QFJBT have increasingly become a focal point in research. AIM OF THE STUDY This study utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation to elucidate effective ingredients and anti-arthritic mechanisms of QFJBT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Targets associated with QFJBT and RA were identified from relevant databases and standardized using the Uniprot for gene nomenclature. A "QFJBT-ingredient-target network" and a "Venn diagram of QFJBT and RA targets" were created from the data. The overlap in the Venn diagram highlighted potential targets of QFJBT in the treatment of RA. These targets were subjected to PPI network, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis. The findings were subsequently confirmed through molecular docking and pharmacological experiments to propose the mechanism of action of QFJBT. RESULTS The study identified 236 active ingredients in QFJBT, with 120 predicted to be effective against RA. Molecular docking showed high binding affinity of key targets (JUN, PTGS2, and TNF-α) with bioactive compounds (rhein, sinomenine, calycosin, and paeoniflorin) of QFJBT. Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated the effects of QFJBT at the dose of 4.56 g/kg in ameliorating symptoms of AIA rats and in reducing levels of JUN, PTGS2, and TNF-α in synovial tissues. In vitro studies further exhibited that rhein, paeoniflorin, sinomenine, calycosin, and QFJBT-containing serum significantly inhibited abnormal proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Interestingly, rhein and paeoniflorin specifically decreased p-JUN/JUN expression and TNF-α release, respectively, while sinomenine and calycosin selectively increased PTGS2 expression. Consistently, QFJBT-containing serum demonstrated similar effects as those active ingredients identified in QFJBT did. CONCLUSIONS QFJBT, QFJBT-containing serum, and its active ingredients (rhein, paeoniflorin, sinomenine, and calycosin) suppress inflammatory responses in RA. Anti-arthritic effects of QFJBT and its active ingredients are likely linked to their modulatory impact on identified hub targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhongliu Yao
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Junlan Zhang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Jing Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Xiong Cai
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Kim Y, Kim H, Yun SY, Lee BK. Primed IFN-γ-Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Ameliorate Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38787325 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disorder affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), marked by persistent inflammation and structural damage to the joint. Only symptomatic treatment is available for managing TMJOA. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) show potential for treating TMJOA via their immune-modulating actions in the disease area. In addition, stimulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma in hUC-MSCs improves the therapeutic activity of naïve stem cells. Emerging evidence indicates that macrophages play significant roles in regulating joint inflammation through diverse secreted mediators in the pathogenesis of TMJOA. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inflammatory cytokine-stimulated hUC-MSCs in repairing TMJOA-induced cartilage lesions and the role of macrophages in the disease. Our in vitro data showed that stimulated hUC-MSCs induce M2 polarization of macrophages and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. These effects were subsequently validated in vivo. In a rat model of TMJOA, stimulated hUC-MSCs ameliorated inflammation and increased M2 macrophages ratio. Our results indicate that hUC-MSCs stimulated by inflammatory cytokines modulate the activation of M2 macrophages, thereby shifting the local osteoarthritis microenvironment toward a prochondrogenic state and facilitating cartilage repair in inflammatory conditions. Stimulating hUC-MSCs with inflammatory cytokines could potentially offer an effective therapeutic approach for TMJOA, with macrophages playing a pivotal role in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- AMIST, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Yun
- AMIST, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- AMIST, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Luo J, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen Y, He K, Liu J. Sinomenine treats rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting MMP9 and inflammatory cytokines expression: bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12786. [PMID: 38834626 PMCID: PMC11151427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease marked by inflammatory cell infiltration and joint damage. The Chinese government has approved the prescription medication sinomenine (SIN), an effective anti-inflammation drug, for treating RA. This study evaluated the possible anti-inflammatory actions of SIN in RA based on bioinformatics analysis and experiments. Six microarray datasets were acquired from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. We used R software to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform function evaluations. The CIBERSORT was used to calculate the abundance of 22 infiltrating immune cells. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to discover genes associated with M1 macrophages. Four public datasets were used to predict the genes of SIN. Following that, function enrichment analysis for hub genes was performed. The cytoHubba and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were employed to select hub genes, and their diagnostic effectiveness was predicted using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Molecular docking was undertaken to confirm the affinity between the SIN and hub gene. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of SIN was validated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells line using Western blot and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was identified as the hub M1 macrophages-related biomarker in RA using bioinformatic analysis and molecular docking. Our study indicated that MMP9 took part in IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that SIN suppresses the MMP9 protein overexpression and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. In conclusion, our work sheds new light on the pathophysiology of RA and identifies MMP9 as a possible RA key gene. In conclusion, the above findings demonstrate that SIN, from an emerging research perspective, might be a potential cost-effective anti-inflammatory medication for treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Luo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, 418000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Ran H, Hui S, Qian L. Effects of sinomenine on a rat orthotopic liver carcinoma model. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:795-804. [PMID: 38084512 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver carcinoma is a common malignant tumor. In this study, an orthotopic liver carcinoma model was established by B-ultrasound, and the therapeutic effect of sinomenine (Sin) on the disease was investigated. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into control, Sin, Sorafenib (Sor), and combination (Sin+Sor) groups (n=8). An orthotopic liver carcinoma model was established by inoculating N1-S1 cells into the rat liver by B-ultrasound-guided, and tumor volume was monitored three times by B-ultrasound after inoculation. After drug treatment, the tumor tissues were stained with HE and TUNEL, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, ALT and AST were detected by ELISA. The numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets were detected. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, CD44, VEGF and CD31. The levels of cell cycle, apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS B-ultrasound monitoring found that Sin reduced tumor volume. Moreover, Sin improved tissue lesions, and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Sin decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, AST and ALT, and decreased the numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Simultaneously, the expressions of Ki-67, CD44, VEGF and CD31 were decreased in the Sin group. Furthermore, Sin decreased the Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and Survivin levels, but increased Bax, Cleaved-caspase3/pro-caspase3, P21 and P27 levels. More importantly, the combination of Sin and Sor treatment was more effective than treatment alone. CONCLUSION A rat orthotopic liver carcinoma model was established under the guidance of B-ultrasound, and Sin had a therapeutic effect on orthotopic liver carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongmei Ran
- Department of Ultrasonography, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanshan Hui
- Department of Ultrasonography, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liping Qian
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Li J, Cao J, Chen Q, Liu D, Li R. Investigating the therapeutic potential of sinomenine in rheumatoid arthritis: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3945-3958. [PMID: 37991542 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of inflammation and subsequent damage to the joints. Although several therapies are available for RA, none are effective, and many have undesirable side effects. The roots of Sinomenium acutum produce an alkaloid called Sinomenine (SIN), which has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine to treat arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of SIN through oral administration following RA induction using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) injections. The study monitored changes in the arthritic index, hind paw volume, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Results demonstrated that SIN effectively inhibited the activity of NF-κB and IKKβ in knee joint tissues, which led to a decrease in tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS in RA-induced rats. The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, Arg-1, and Fizz1 also increased. In rat knee joints, SIN elevated the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 and decreased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, SIN modulated the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in RA-induced rat knee joint tissues, reducing RANKL expression and increasing OPG. SIN also effectively decreased MDA, NO, and elevated antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) in RA-induced rats via Nrf2/Keap 1 signaling pathway activation. In conclusion, this study suggests that SIN possesses potential therapeutic benefits for treating RA by modulating the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which may impact osteoclast activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in knee joint tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Laboratory medicine department, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Qingping Chen
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First Ward of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Salim E, Septama AW, Rullah K, Nainu F, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Emran TB, Roney M, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Fadhil As'ad M, Shamsudin NF, Abdullah MA, Marwa Rani HL, Al Chaira DM, Aulia N. Mechanistic insights into anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of plant secondary metabolites and their therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2931-2961. [PMID: 38600726 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of plant secondary metabolites are due to their diverse mechanisms of action against multifarious molecular targets such as modulation of the complex immune system associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review discussed and critically analyzed the potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of several phytochemicals and their underlying mechanisms in association with RA in experimental studies, including preliminary clinical studies of some of them. A wide range of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, terpenoids, alkaloids, and glycosides have shown significant immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental RA models and a few have undergone clinical trials for their efficacy and safety in reducing RA symptoms and improve patient outcomes. These phytochemicals have potential as safer alternatives to the existing drugs in the management of RA, which possess a wide range of serious side effects. Sufficient preclinical studies on safety and efficacy of these phytochemicals must be performed prior to proper clinical studies. Further studies are needed to address the barriers that have so far limited their human use before the therapeutic potential of these plant-based chemicals as anti-arthritic agents in the treatment of RA is fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Emil Salim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Talhah Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aini Khairunnisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Halimah Raina Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muh Fadhil As'ad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Pelamonia Health Sciences Institute, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Aisyah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Haya Luthfiyyah Marwa Rani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Diany Mahabbah Al Chaira
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Aulia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Gao C, Song XD, Chen FH, Wei GL, Guo CY. The protective effect of natural medicines in rheumatoid arthritis via inhibit angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380098. [PMID: 38881875 PMCID: PMC11176484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic immunological disease leading to the progressive bone and joint destruction. Angiogenesis, accompanied by synovial hyperplasia and inflammation underlies joint destruction. Delaying or even blocking synovial angiogenesis has emerged as an important target of RA treatment. Natural medicines has a long history of treating RA, and numerous reports have suggested that natural medicines have a strong inhibitory activity on synovial angiogenesis, thereby improving the progression of RA. Natural medicines could regulate the following signaling pathways: HIF/VEGF/ANG, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPKs pathway, NF-κB pathway, PPARγ pathway, JAK2/STAT3 pathway, etc., thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHF), sinomenine, and total glucoside of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Are currently the most representative of all natural products worthy of development and utilization. In this paper, the main factors affecting angiogenesis were discussed and different types of natural medicines that inhibit angiogenesis were systematically summarized. Their specific anti-angiogenesis mechanisms are also reviewed which aiming to provide new perspective and options for the management of RA by targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Di Song
- Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gui-Lin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
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Xiao HX, Yu L, Xia Y, Chen K, Li WM, Ge GR, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Zhang HT, Geng DC. Sinomenine increases osteogenesis in mice with ovariectomy-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:486-498. [PMID: 38817333 PMCID: PMC11135257 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decreased autophagic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) has been suggested to be an important cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation. A pharmacological increase in autophagy of BMSCs is a potential therapeutic option to increase osteoblast viability and ameliorate osteoporosis. AIM To explore the effects of sinomenine (SIN) on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS For in vitro experiments, BMSCs were extracted from sham-treated mice and ovariectomized mice, and the levels of autophagy markers and osteogenic differentiation were examined after treatment with the appropriate concentrations of SIN and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. In vivo, the therapeutic effect of SIN was verified by establishing an ovariectomy-induced mouse model and by morphological and histological assays of the mouse femur. RESULTS SIN reduced the levels of AKT and mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibited mTOR activity, and increased autophagy ability of BMSCs, thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and effectively alleviating bone loss in ovariectomized mice in vivo. CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine SIN has potential for the treatment of various types of osteoporosis, bone homeostasis disorders, and autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Centre of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hai'an People's Hospital, Hai'an 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Ran Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Xuzhou 223002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Chun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Jiang S, Li S, Pang S, Liu M, Sun H, Zhang N, Liu J. A systematic review: Sinomenine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29976. [PMID: 38765107 PMCID: PMC11098800 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese medicine, Caulis Sinomenii, has been used as an anti-inflammatory drug in China for over 30 years. With the continuous increase in research on the pharmacological mechanism of SIN, it has been found that, in addition to the typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, SIN can be used as a potentially effective therapeutic drug for anti-tumour, anti-renal, and anti-nervous system diseases. By reviewing a large amount of literature and conducting a summary analysis of the literature pertaining to the pharmacological mechanism of SIN, we completed a review that focused on SIN, found that the current research is insufficient, and offered an outlook for future SIN development. We hope that this review will increase the public understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of SIN, discover SIN research trial shortcomings, and promote the effective treatment of immune diseases, inflammation, and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154000, PR China
| | - Siyuan Pang
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Huifeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410208, PR China
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Cai N, Gao X, Li W, Yang L, Zhao J, Qu J, Zhou Y. Novel trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives as oral cPLA 2/COX-2 dual inhibitors for resolution of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107453. [PMID: 38761708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Thirty-five trifluoromethyl hydrazones and seventeen trifluoromethyl oxime esters were designed and synthesized via molecular hybridization. All the target compounds were initially screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by assessing their inhibitory effect on NO release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and the optimal compound was finally identified as 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-N'-((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-6,9,12,15-tetraen-2-ylidene)acetohydrazide (F26, IC50 = 4.55 ± 0.92 μM) with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, F26 potently reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to indomethacin. The interaction of F26 with COX-2 and cPLA2 was directly verified by the CETSA technique. F26 was found to modulate the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65, as well as the protein expression of IκB, cPLA2, COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, F26 was observed to prevent the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages by immunofluorescence localization. Therefore, the aforementioned in vitro experiments demonstrated that F26 blocked the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways by binding to COX-2 and cPLA2. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis model, F26 demonstrated a significant effect in preventing arthritis symptoms and inflammatory status in rats, exerting an immunomodulatory role by regulating the homeostasis between Th17 and Treg through inhibition of the p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 and NF-κB pathways. Encouragingly, F26 caused less acute ulcerogenicity in rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to indomethacin. Overall, F26 is a promising candidate worthy of further investigation for treating inflammation and associated pain with lesser gastrointestinal irritation, as well as other symptoms in which cPLA2 and COX-2 are implicated in the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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Yao F, Xu M, Dong L, Shen X, Shen Y, Jiang Y, Zhu T, Zhang C, Yu G. Sinomenine attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad3, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38730387 PMCID: PMC11088103 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since COVID-19 became a global epidemic disease in 2019, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has become more prevalent among persons with severe infections, with IPF being the most prevalent form. In traditional Chinese medicine, various disorders are treated using Sinomenine (SIN). The SIN's strategy for PF defense is unclear. METHODS Bleomycin (BLM) was used to induce PF, after which inflammatory factors, lung histological alterations, and the TGF-/Smad signaling pathway were assessed. By administering various dosages of SIN and the TGF- receptor inhibitor SB-431,542 to human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) and A549 cells, we were able to examine proliferation and migration as well as the signaling molecules implicated in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM). RESULTS In vivo, SIN reduced the pathological changes in the lung tissue induced by BLM, reduced the abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines, and improved the weight and survival rate of mice. In vitro, SIN inhibited the migration and proliferation by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways, prevented the myofibroblasts (FMT) of HFL-1, reversed the EMT of A549 cells, restored the balance of matrix metalloenzymes, and reduced the expression of ECM proteins. CONCLUSION SIN attenuated PF by down-regulating TGF-β/Smad3, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, being a potential effective drug in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjun Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yisheng Jiang
- School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangmao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Salnikova DI, Nikiforov NG, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Target Role of Monocytes as Key Cells of Innate Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diseases 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38785736 PMCID: PMC11119903 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory autoimmune condition characterized by synovitis, pannus formation (with adjacent bone erosion), and joint destruction. In the perpetuation of RA, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T-cells-specifically Th1 and Th17 cells-play crucial roles. Additionally, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and monocytes contribute to the disease progression. Monocytes, circulating cells primarily derived from the bone marrow, participate in RA pathogenesis. Notably, CCR2 interacts with CCL2, and CX3CR1 (expressed by monocytes) cooperates with CX3CL1 (produced by FLSs), facilitating the migration involved in RA. Canonical "classical" monocytes predominantly acquire the phenotype of an "intermediate" subset, which differentially expresses proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF) and surface markers (CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, TLRs, and β1- and β2-integrins). However, classical monocytes have greater potential to differentiate into osteoclasts, which contribute to bone resorption in the inflammatory milieu; in RA, Th17 cells stimulate FLSs to produce RANKL, triggering osteoclastogenesis. This review aims to explore the monocyte heterogeneity, plasticity, antigenic expression, and their differentiation into macrophages and osteoclasts. Additionally, we investigate the monocyte migration into the synovium and the role of their cytokines in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salnikova
- Laboratory of Oncoproteomics, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Highway, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
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Yu J, Wang S, Chen SJ, Zheng MJ, Yuan CR, Lai WD, Wen JJ, You WT, Liu PQ, Khanna R, Jin Y. Sinomenine ameliorates fibroblast-like synoviocytes dysfunction by promoting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CRMP2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117704. [PMID: 38176664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and arthritic pain. Sinomenine (SIN), derived from the rhizome of Chinese medical herb Qing Teng (scientific name: Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. Et Wils), has a longstanding use in Chinese traditional medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunosuppressive effects with minimal side-effects clinically. However, the mechanisms governing its effects in treatment of joint pathology, especially on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) dysfunction, and arthritic pain remains unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of SIN on arthritic joint inflammation and joint FLSs dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in rats and the therapeutic effects of SIN on joint pathology were evaluated histopathologically. Next, we conducted a series of experiments using LPS-induced FLSs, which were divided into five groups (Naïve, LPS, SIN 10, 20, 50 μg/ml). The expression of inflammatory factors was measured by qPCR and ELISA. The invasive ability of cells was detected by modified Transwell assay and qPCR. Transwell migration and cell scratch assays were used to assess the migration ability of cells. The distribution and content of relevant proteins were observed by immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy, as well as Western Blot and qPCR. FLSs were transfected with plasmids (CRMP2 T514A/D) to directly modulate the post-translational modification of CRMP2 protein and downstream effects on FLSs function was monitored. RESULTS SIN alleviated joint inflammation in rats with CIA, as evidenced by improvement of synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage damage, as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines release from FLSs induced by LPS. In vitro studies revealed a concentration-dependent suppression of SIN on the invasion and migration of FLSs induced by LPS. In addition, SIN downregulated the expression of cellular CRMP2 that was induced by LPS in FLSs, but increased its phosphorylation at residue T514. Moreover, regulation of pCRMP2 T514 by plasmids transfection (CRMP2 T514A/D) significantly influenced the migration and invasion of FLSs. Finally, SIN promoted nuclear translocation of pCRMP2 T514 in FLSs. CONCLUSIONS SIN may exert its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by modulating CRMP2 T514 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation of FLSs, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and suppressing abnormal invasion and migration. Phosphorylation of CRMP2 at the T514 site in FLSs may present a new therapeutic target for treating inflammatory joint's destruction and arthritic pain in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cun-Rui Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Ting You
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, 317500, China
| | - Pu-Qing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, College of Dentistry, and NYU Pain Research Center, New York, 10010, USA.
| | - Yan Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Li X, Wang X, Qu X, Shi N, Li Q, Yan Z, Li Y, Wang Y. Microenvironmental Enzyme-Responsive Methotrexate Modified Quercetin Micelles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3259-3273. [PMID: 38601347 PMCID: PMC11005996 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s457004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease involving synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Although therapeutic drugs for RA have some efficacy, they usually cause severe side effects and are expensive. RA is characterized by synovial hyperplasia, intra-articular hypoxia, upregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The adverse microenvironment further aggravates activated macrophage infiltration. Therefore, controlling the microenvironment of diseased tissues and targeting the activated macrophages have become new therapeutic targets in RA patients. Methods Here, microenvironment-targeting micelles (PVGLIG-MTX-Que-Ms) were synthesized using the thin film hydration method. In the inflammatory microenvironment, PVGLIG was cleaved by the highly expressed MMP-2, PEG5000 was eliminated, MTX was exposed, macrophage activation was targeted, and Que enrichment was enhanced. The cytotoxicity, targeting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of drug-loaded micelles were tested in vitro. The drug-loaded micelles were used to treat CIA rats. In vivo targeting, expression of serum inflammatory factors, immunohistochemistry of the articular cartilage, and changes in immunofluorescence staining were observed. Results The developed micelles had a particle size of (89.62 ±1.33) nm and a zeta potential of (-4.9 ±0.53) mV. The IC50 value of PVGLIG-MTX-Que-Ms (185.90 ±6.98) μmol/L was significantly lower than that of free Que (141.10 ±6.39) μmol/L. The synthesized micelles exhibited slow-release properties, low cytotoxicity, strong targeting abilities, and significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In vivo, the drug-loaded micelles accumulated at the joint site for a long time. PVGLIG-MTX-Que-Ms significantly reduced joint swelling, improved bone destruction, and decreased the expression of serum inflammatory factors in CIA rats. Conclusion The smart-targeting micelles PVGLIG-MTX-Que-Ms with strong targeting, anti-inflammatory, cartilage-protective, and other multiple positive effects are a promising new tool for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuwu Qu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yandong Li
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Shanxi Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Laboratory, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
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Cai N, Gao X, Yang L, Li W, Sun W, Zhang S, Zhao J, Qu J, Zhou Y. Discovery of novel NSAID hybrids as cPLA 2/COX-2 dual inhibitors alleviating rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116176. [PMID: 38286094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A series of NSAIDs hybrid molecules were synthesized and characterized, and their ability to inhibit NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. Most of the compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, of which (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-2,6,9,12,15-pentaen-2-yl 2-(4-benzoylphenyl) propanoate (VI-60) was the most optimal (IC50 = 3.85 ± 0.25 μΜ) and had no cytotoxicity. In addition, VI-60 notably reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to ketoprofen. Futhur more, VI-60 significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS, cPLA2, and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The binding of VI-60 to cPLA2 and COX-2 was directly verified by the CETSA technique. In vivo studies illustrated that VI-60 exerted an excellent therapeutic effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg through inhibiting the p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Encouragingly, VI-60 showed a lower ulcerative potential in rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to ketoprofen. In conclusion, the hybrid molecules of NSAIDs and trifluoromethyl enols are promising candidates worthy of further investigation for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and other symptoms in which cPLA2 and COX-2 play a role in their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Wuding Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Shuaibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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Fang K, Ren S, Zhang Q. Identification and characterization of the metabolites of sinomenine using liquid chromatography combined with benchtop Orbitrap mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9669. [PMID: 38211350 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sinomenine, a major bioactive compound isolated from Sinomenium acutum, has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other cardio-cerebrovacular diseases. However, the metabolism of this drug has not been fully investigated. The current work was carried out to investigate the in vitro metabolism of sinomenine in liver microsomes. METHODS The metabolites were generated by incubating sinomenine (3 μM) with the liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH at 37°C. The structure of the metabolites was characterized using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Two major metabolites synthesized and their structures were further confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Under the current conditions, 12 metabolites were found and structurally identified using high resolution MS and MS2 spectra. Among these metabolites, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M9, M11, and M12 were first reported. The metabolites M8 and M10 were synthesized and unambiguously identified as N-desmethyl-sinomenine and sinomenine N-oxide, respectively. The phenotyping study revealed that the formation of M8 was catalyzed by CYP2C8, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, whereas the formation of M3, M6, and M10 were exclusively catalyzed by CYP3A4. The metabolic pathways of sinomenine include N-demethylation, O-demethylation, dehydrogenation, oxygenation, and N-oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS N-Demethylation and N-oxygenation were the primary metabolic pathways of sinomenine. This study provides new insight into the in vitro metabolism of sinomenine, which would help prospects of sinomenine disposition and safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoyu Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hou W, Huang L, Huang H, Liu S, Dai W, Tang J, Chen X, Lu X, Zheng Q, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Lan J. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Sinomenine and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:540. [PMID: 38276618 PMCID: PMC10818773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, has been extensively studied for its derivatives as bioactive agents. This review concentrates on the research advancements in the biological activities and action mechanisms of sinomenine-related compounds until November 2023. The findings indicate a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and immunosuppressive properties. These compounds are notably effective against breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 121.4 nM against PC-3 and DU-145 cells, primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Additionally, they manifest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects predominantly via the NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Utilized in treating rheumatic arthritis, these alkaloids also play a significant role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, as well as organ protection through the NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This review concludes with perspectives and insights on this topic, highlighting the potential of sinomenine-related compounds in clinical applications and the development of medications derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lejun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shenglan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Xiangzhao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhinuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinxia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Sun X, Liang Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Wang X. Bisdemethoxycurcumin, a curcumin derivative, ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by suppressing inflammatory reactions and macrophage migration. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110822. [PMID: 38056805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent and chronic inflammatory synovial joint disease manifested by hyperplasia and continuous inflammation. Curcumin (Cur) has been studied for alleviating RA. However, poor stability and oral bioavailability restrict its therapeutic value. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a curcumin (Cur) derivative, exerts better stability and oral bioavailability than Cur. However, the efficacy of BDMC on RA has not been fully clarified. The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of BDMC on RA. The in-vivo anti-arthritic activity of BDMC was determined via adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Paw swelling, body weight, arthritic index, and histopathological assessments were performed. RAW264.7 cell was stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in vitro. The cell viability were determined by CCK8 assay, while the migration ability was determined using cell wound healing and transwell assays. Furthermore, in-vivo and in-vitro levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were assayed by ELISA, and that of IκBα, p-NF-κB, NF-κB, and COX-2 were assessed via Western blot or immunofluorescence. In AIA rat model, it suggested a higher anti-arthritic activity of BDMC than Cur, including amelioration of swelling in hind paws, reduced arthritic index, and alleviated histopathological injury in rats. Furthermore, BDMC also substantially decreased the levels of the aforementioned pro-inflammatory cytokines in both in-vivo and in-vitro, inhibited the IκBα degradation, down-regulated the COX-2 levels and p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio in AIA rats and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, BDMC showed an inhibitory effect on the migration of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. BDMC could effectively ameliorate RA by suppressing inflammatory reactions and inhibiting macrophage migration, more potentially than Cur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfen Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianbin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Rana N, Gupta P, Singh H, Nagarajan K. Role of Bioactive Compounds, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, and Polyherbal Formulations in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:353-385. [PMID: 37711009 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230914103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that generally causes joint synovial inflammation as well as gradual cartilage and degenerative changes, resulting in progressive immobility. Cartilage destruction induces synovial inflammation, including synovial cell hyperplasia, increased synovial fluid, and synovial pane development. This phenomenon causes articular cartilage damage and joint alkalosis. Traditional medicinal system exerts their effect through several cellular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress suppression, cartilage degradation inhibition, increasing antioxidants and decreasing rheumatic biomarkers. The medicinal plants have yielded a variety of active constituents from various chemical categories, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, volatile oils, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. This review sheds light on the utilization of medicinal plants in the treatment of RA. It explains various phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants and their mechanism of action against RA. It also briefs about the uses of polyherbal formulations (PHF), which are currently in the market and the toxicity associated with the use of medicinal plants and PHF, along with the limitations and research gaps in the field of PHF. This review paper is an attempt to understand various mechanistic approaches employed by several medicinal plants, their possible drug delivery systems and synergistic effects for curing RA with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, NCR Campus, Delhi-NCR Campus, Delhi-Meerut Road, Modinagar, 201204, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hridayanand Singh
- Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xin P, Xu X, Zhang H, Hu Y, Deng C, Sun S, Liu S, Zhou X, Ma H, Li X. Mechanism investigation of Duhuo Jisheng pill against rheumatoid arthritis based on a strategy for the integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vivo experimental verification. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1431-1445. [PMID: 37674371 PMCID: PMC10486301 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2252854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Duhuo Jisheng pill (DHJS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The effective components and therapeutic mechanisms of DHJS for treating RA are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of DHJS against RA by means of network pharmacology and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis based on phytochemistry was used to elucidate the mechanism of DHJS against RA. The targets of DHJS anti-RA active ingredient were obtained by searching TCMSP, ETCM and TCMSID. The RA model induced by collagen was established in Wistar rats. The rats in the DHJS group were administered doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg for a period of 10 d. The expression of targets was measured with Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis showed that the anti-RA effect of DHJS was mediated by targets involved in immunity, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signalling pathways. Of 2.0 g/kg DHJS significantly alleviated the ankle inflammation (IL-6: 62.73 ± 8.39 pg/mL, IL-1β: 50.49 ± 11.47 pg/mL, TNF-α: 16.88 ± 3.05 pg/mL, IL-17A: 12.55 ± 1.87 pg/mL, IL-10: 16.24 ± 3.00 pg/mL), comparing with the model group (IL-6: 92.02 ± 13.25 pg/mL, IL-1β: 71.85 ± 4.12 pg/mL, TNF-α: 25.64 ± 3.69 pg/mL, IL-17A: 22.14 ± 4.56 pg/mL, IL-10: 9.51 ± 3.03 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-p65 significantly decreased after DHJS administration. CONCLUSIONS DHJS could alleviate the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Huaxi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yuezhou Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Chengjie Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Shiqin Sun
- Science and Education Department, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Xuegang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, PR China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China
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Wu Z, Zhang T, Ma X, Guo S, Zhou Q, Zahoor A, Deng G. Recent advances in anti-inflammatory active components and action mechanisms of natural medicines. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2901-2937. [PMID: 37947913 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a series of reactions caused by the body's resistance to external biological stimuli. Inflammation affects the occurrence and development of many diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been used widely to treat inflammatory diseases, but long-term use can cause toxic side-effects and affect human functions. As immunomodulators with long-term conditioning effects and no drug residues, natural products are being investigated increasingly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the inflammatory process and cellular mechanisms in the development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and coronavirus disease-2019. Also, we focus on three signaling pathways (Nuclear factor-kappa B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) to explain the anti-inflammatory effect of natural products. In addition, we also classified common natural products based on secondary metabolites and explained the association between current bidirectional prediction progress of natural product targets and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arshad Zahoor
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Gouda NA, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Elkamhawy A. Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2857-2883. [PMID: 37950803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, and is responsible for up to 60% of all deaths worldwide. Metformin, statins, and corticosteroids, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often given as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, however, often have even more debilitating side effects than the illness itself. The natural product-based therapy of inflammation-related diseases has no adverse effects and good beneficial results compared to substitute conventional anti-inflammatory medications. In this review article, we provide a concise overview of present pharmacological treatments, the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the signaling pathways that underlie it. In addition, we focus on the most promising natural products identified as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of natural products as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with promising outcomes are reviewed. In addition, the safety, side effects and technical barriers of natural products are discussed. Furthermore, we also summarized the latest technological advances in the discovery and scientific development of natural products-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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24
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Li JM, Yao YD, Luo JF, Liu JX, Lu LL, Liu ZQ, Dong Y, Xie Y, Zhou H. Pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine in anti-inflammatory immunity and osteoprotection in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155114. [PMID: 37816287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinomenine (SIN) is the main pharmacologically active component of Sinomenii Caulis and protects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of SIN in the treatment of RA. However, the molecular mechanism of SIN in RA has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE To summarize the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of SIN in RA and clarify the most valuable regulatory mechanisms of SIN to provide clues and a basis for basic research and clinical applications. METHODS We systematically searched SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), the Wanfang Databases, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). We organized our work based on the PRISMA statement and selected studies for review based on predefined selection criteria. OUTCOME After screening, we identified 201 relevant studies, including 88 clinical trials and 113 in vivo and in vitro studies on molecular mechanisms. Among these studies, we selected key results for reporting and analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found that most of the known pharmacological mechanisms of SIN are indirect effects on certain signaling pathways or proteins. SIN was manifested to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, thereby reducing the inflammatory response, and apparently blocking the destruction of bone and cartilage. The regulatory effects on inflammation and bone destruction make SIN a promising drug to treat RA. More notably, we believe that the modulation of α7nAChR and the regulation of methylation levels at specific GCG sites in the mPGES-1 promoter by SIN, and its mechanism of directly targeting GBP5, certainly enriches the possibilities and the underlying rationale for SIN in the treatment of inflammatory immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Fang Luo
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510405, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu X, Chen X, Zhang C, Huang M, Yu H, Wang Y, Wang Y. Mitochondrion-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages: A novel mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Notopterygium in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115560. [PMID: 37769392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism by which Notopterygium (NE) regulates the nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated to reveal the scientific implications of NE in RA treatment. METHODS Adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats were replicated. After NE intervention, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of NE in vivo was determined. The mechanism of NE in RA treatment was predicted by network pharmacology, and the key target for further experiments was found through the analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The effect of NE on the NLRP3 inflammasome in AA rats was verified. Furthermore, with the induction of inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), several techniques, such as Griess assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, electron microscopy, and fluorescence probe technology, were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory and related mechanisms of NE in RA treatment. RESULTS NE could inhibit inflammation in AA rats. KEGG results showed that NLRP3 participated in the top three pathways of NE in RA treatment. Through Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, this study demonstrated that NE can regulate NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1, and CD11b in the ankle joint of AA rats. NE may significantly reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells by alleviating mitochondrial damage, reducing the number of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic Acid and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic effect of NE may involve regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mitochondria. NLRP3 is probably the key target molecule of NE in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Meixia Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Hongmin Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yingzheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yinghao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Lu G, Zhang C, Li K, Gao K, Fu M, Lyu C, Quan Z. Sinomenine Ameliorates IL-1β-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats Through Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Keap1/Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4777-4791. [PMID: 37881650 PMCID: PMC10596063 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of sinomenine (SN) on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), and to evaluate the potential role of SN in preventing intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). Methods The Rat NPCs were cultured in vitro and identified using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunofluorescence analysis. NPCs were pretreated with or without SN, then induced with IL-1β to assess cell viability, ROS levels, apoptotic rates, and wound healing ability. Relevant protein expression was detected using Elisa, qPCR and Western Blot techniques. NPCs were pretreated with SN, either alone or in combination with Nrf2-IN-1 or SC, before being induced to undergo apoptosis by IL-1β. Apoptosis was detected using Hoechst staining, while qPCR and Western Blot techniques assessed protein expression. Rat caudal intervertebral discs were induced with IDD, with or without SN injection, and then co-injected with IL-1β. The levels of IDD were evaluated using HE staining and modified saffron-O-fix green cartilage staining. Relevant protein expression was detected using Elisa, qPCR, and Western Blot techniques. Results IL-1β significantly reduced NPC activity, induced ROS accumulation and apoptosis, decreased cell healing rate, promoted the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors, and inhibited extracellular matrix synthesis. However, pretreatment with SN effectively reversed these effects. Inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway or activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effects of SN and increased apoptosis. Acupuncture combined with IL-1β injection markedly induced intervertebral disc degeneration in rat caudal spine, upregulated inflammatory factors expression and secretion, and downregulated extracellular matrix synthesis. SN intervention notably enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression and reversed these outcomes. Conclusion SN can prevent IL-1β-induced apoptosis of NPCs and ameliorate IDD by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongbiao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunxin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoqing Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang Lyu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
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Chen J, Lin X, Liu K, He J, Li X, Zhang C, Deng Y, Luo L, Tao C, Wang Q. CT2-3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175871. [PMID: 37406849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of chronic autoimmune disease. The existing therapies encountered several challenges. Therefore, continued novel anti-RA drug discovery remains necessary for RA therapy. Recently, our group reported a novel compound named CT2-3, which could be realized as a hybrid of the natural product magnolol and phthalimide and exhibited anti-lung cancer activity. However, the effect of CT2-3 on RA is unclear. Here, we aim to explore the effect and potential mechanism of CT2-3 on the abnormal functions of RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). In this study, we identified the important role of the dysregulated cell cycle and apoptosis of RA-FLSs in RA progression. Interestingly, we found that CT2-3 inhibited the proliferation and DNA replication of primary RA-FLSs and immortalized RA-FLSs namely MH7A. In addition, CT2-3 downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin A2, and cyclin B1, resulting in cell cycle arrest of primary RA-FLSs and MH7A cells. Also, CT2-3 downregulated the level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and increased the level of Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), contributing to apoptosis of primary RA-FLSs and MH7A cells. Furthermore, differential analyses of RNA-sequencing, Western blot, and network pharmacological analysis confirmed that CT2-3 inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway of primary RA-FLSs and MH7A cells. In conclusion, CT2-3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in RA-FLSs through modulating PI3K/AKT pathway, which may serve as a potential lead compound for further novel small molecule anti-RA drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Kangdi Liu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yongxing Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Cheng Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Zhang F, Cheng T, Zhang SX. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR): a potential new therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:187. [PMID: 37784141 PMCID: PMC10544394 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic synovitis and bone destruction. Proinflammatory cytokines activate pathways of immune-mediated inflammation, which aggravates RA. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway associated with RA connects immune and metabolic signals, which regulates immune cell proliferation and differentiation, macrophage polarization and migration, antigen presentation, and synovial cell activation. Therefore, therapy strategies targeting mTOR have become an important direction of current RA treatment research. In the current review, we summarize the biological functions of mTOR, its regulatory effects on inflammation, and the curative effects of mTOR inhibitors in RA, thus providing references for the development of RA therapeutic targets and new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Blatt J, Brondon JE, Nieman EL, Phillips K, Pandya A. Repurposing of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of vascular anomalies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108520. [PMID: 37625520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies (VA) are developmental anomalies of veins, arteries, lymphatics or capillaries thought to be caused by mutations in genes that drive angiogenesis. Treatments targeting these genes are limited. We review the literature for conventional medications and products from traditional medicine cultures that have been found to have antiangiogenic activity. Fewer than 50 drugs with credible human activity in VA were identified and include β blockers, monoclonal antibodies, microtubule inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, PIK3CA- and RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors, and thalidomides. Other drug categories of potential interest are ACE-inhibitors, antifungals, antimalarials, MMP9-inhibitors, and over-the-counter compounds used in Eastern traditional medicine. Low toxicity for some offers the possibility of combined use with known effective agents. In addition to already familiar drugs, others with antiangiogenic capabilities already in use in children or adults may deserve further attention for repurposing for VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blatt
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Brondon
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Nieman
- Department of Dermatology, Univerity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kynlon Phillips
- The Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arti Pandya
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Gu H, Li J, Ni Y. Sinomenine improves renal fibrosis by regulating mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and affecting autophagy levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2524-2537. [PMID: 37436133 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study attempts to investigate the therapeutic effect of sinomenine on renal fibrosis and its mechanism. METHODS The 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into sham group, UUO model group, UUO sinomenine group (UUO + Sino 50), UUO + sinomenine group (UUO + Sino 100), UUO + exosome group (exo), and UUO + exo-inhibitor. The pathological changes of kidney were observed by H&E staining, the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was detected by MASSON and Sirius red staining, and the expressions of fibrosis and autophagy markers were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and WB. NTA and electron microscopy were used to analyze exo secretion after sinomenine treatment. RESULTS Sinomenine could improve the progression of renal fibrosis without causing tissue damage including heart, lungs and liver. Sinomenine could promote autophagosome formation. It could promote the secretion of exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Sinomine regulates the PI3K-AKT pathway through BMSC-exo carrying miR-204-5p, affecting autophagy level and alleviating the process of renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that sinomine could improve the progression of renal fibrosis by influencing the expression of miR-204-5p in BMSC-exo and regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuyao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehan Ni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuyao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
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Liang Y, Liu M, Cheng Y, Wang X, Wang W. Prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through traditional Chinese medicine: role of the gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233994. [PMID: 37781405 PMCID: PMC10538529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, despite the increasing availability of treatments for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the incidence of RA and associated disability-adjusted life years have been on the rise globally in the late decades. At present, accumulating evidence has been advanced that RA is related to the gut microbiota, therefore, the therapeutic approaches for RA by regulating the gut microbiota are anticipated to become a new means of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate immunity, reduce inflammation and improve quality of life in various ways. Moreover, it can treat diseases by affecting the gut microbiota, which is a good way to treat RA. In this review, we mainly explore the relationship between TCM and gut microbiota regarding the perspective of treating RA. Moreover, we comprehensively summarize the roles of gut microbiota in the onset, development, progression, and prognosis of RA. Additionally, we elucidate the mechanism of TCM prevention and treatment of RA by the role of microbiota. Finally, we provide an evidence-based rationale for further investigation of microbiota-targeted intervention by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Wang S, Cheng C, Sun X, Liu Z, Wei J, Jiang J, Lan H, Zhou M, Jing P, Lin Y, Zhou X, Zhong Z. Long-Circulating Lipid Nanospheres Loaded with Flurbiprofen Axetil for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5159-5181. [PMID: 37705869 PMCID: PMC10497098 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s419502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flurbiprofen axetil (FA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it suffers from poor solubility, short circulation time, and off-target binding profile, which significantly limit its clinical application. Here, we loaded FA into stealth lipid microspheres modified with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide (cRGD-FA-SLM), and examined the therapeutic potential of the resulting platform for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods cRGD-FA-SLM was prepared by high pressure homogenization, and its toxicity and uptake by macrophages were examined using cultures of RAW264.7 cells. Hemolysis and hepatotoxicity tests were performed to assess the safety of the developed platform, while its pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy were investigated in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model. Results cRGD-FA-SLM showed homogeneous spherical morphology and efficient encapsulation of FA. The developed platform was non-toxic to normal macrophages and was selectively internalized by lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages in vitro, while it distributed mainly to arthritic joints and significantly prolonged FA in circulation in vivo. cRGD-FA-SLM also significantly reduced the expression of prostaglandin E2 and alleviated joint edema and bone erosion, showing prolonged analgesic effects in arthritic rats. Conclusion cRGD-FA-SLM shows good inflammation-targeting ability and prolongs drug circulation in vivo, suggesting promise as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent for targeted RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- The Second People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zerong Liu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
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Keita A, Duval R, Porée FH. Chemistry and biology of ent-morphinan alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:1-96. [PMID: 37716795 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Morphinan alkaloids have attracted constant attention since the isolation of morphine by Sertürner in 1805. However, a group of 45 compounds possessing a complete ent-morphinan backbone can also be found in the literature. These compounds are related to the morphinandienone subgroup and display a substitution pattern which is different from the morphinans. In particular, these alkaloids could be substituted at position C-2 and C-8 either by a hydroxy function or a methoxy moiety. Four groups of ent-morphinan alkaloids can be proposed, the salutaridine, pallidine, cephasugine and erromangine series. Interestingly, the botanical distribution of the ent-morphinans is more widespread than for the morphinans and includes the Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fumariaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Ranunculaceae families. To date, their exact mode of production remains elusive and their interplay with the biosynthetic pathway of other classes of benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, in particular aporphines, should be confirmed. Exploration of the biological and therapeutic potential of these compounds is limited to some areas, namely central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, cancer, malaria and viruses. Further studies should be conducted to identify the cellular/molecular targets in view of promoting these compounds as new scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Duval
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France.
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Liu Y, Li H, Zhao X. Sinomenine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis of WI-38 cells by reducing glutathione S-transferase M1 expression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:434-443. [PMID: 36303295 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pneumonia is an infectious lung disease with high morbidity and mortality. Sinomenine, an alkaloid extracted from Caulis Sinomenii, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used for the establishment of an inflammatory model. This research aimed to explore the influences of sinomenine on LPS-caused inflammatory injuries in fetal lung WI-38 cells. WI-38 cells were treated with LPS to establish a cellular model of pediatric pneumonia. Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity assays. Inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) expression was detected by western blotting. Results showed that LPS reduced WI-38 cell viability, and sinomenine protected cells against LPS-induced viability reduction. Sinomenine concentration-dependently attenuated LPS-induced inflammation by reducing TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1, and increasing IL-10 levels. Sinomenine mitigated LPS-induced apoptosis. GSTM1 was screened by matching the targets of sinomenine and pediatric pneumonia. GSTM1 was upregulated in LPS-treated WI-38 cells, and this effect was attenuated after sinomenine treatment. GSTM1 was upstream of NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of GSTM1 reversed the suppressive functions of sinomenine on LPS-stimulated inflammation and apoptosis. Overall, sinomenine attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in WI-38 cells stimulated by LPS via inhibiting GSTM1 expression, indicating the therapeutic potential of sinomenine in pediatric pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Outpatient Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, China
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Liang F, Du L, Rao X, Li Y, Long W, Tian J, Zhu X, Zou A, Lu W, Wan B. Effect of electroacupuncture at ST36 on the cerebral metabolic kinetics of rheumatoid arthritis rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110700. [PMID: 37414302 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to enhance the recovery of symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Both the pathogenesis of RA and the therapeutic effects of EA are closely associated with the metabolic activity of the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of EA at the "Zusanli" acupoint (ST36) on a rat model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA). The results demonstrated that EA effectively alleviated joint swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage erosion, and bone destruction in CIA rats. Additionally, the metabolic kinetics study revealed a significant increase in the 13C enrichment of GABA2 and Glu4 in the midbrain of CIA rats treated with EA. Correlation network analysis showed that changes in Gln4 levels in the hippocampus were strongly associated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunofluorescence staining of c-Fos in the midbrain's periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and hippocampus demonstrated increased c-Fos expression in these regions following EA treatment. These findings suggest that GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the midbrain, along with astrocytes in the hippocampus, may play vital roles in the beneficial effects of EA on RA. Furthermore, the PAG and hippocampus brain regions hold potential as critical targets for future RA treatments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the specific mechanism of EA in treating RA by elucidating the perspective of cerebral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Du
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Rao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Long
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Tian
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanai Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Aijia Zou
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bijiang Wan
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China.
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Gao H, Li K, Ai K, Geng M, Cao Y, Wang D, Yang J, Wei X. Interleukin-12 induces IFN-γ secretion and STAT signaling implying its potential regulation of Th1 cell response in Nile tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108974. [PMID: 37482205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine consisting of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) features in inflammation regulation and anti-bacterial immunity. While IL-12 homologs have been identified in non-mammalian species, the precise mechanisms by which IL-12 contributes to early adaptive immune responses in vertebrates remain incompletely understood. Herein, an evolutionary conserved Oreochromis niloticus IL-12 (defined as OnIL-12) was identified by synteny characterization, structural comparisons and phylogenetic pattern of IL-12p35b and IL-12p40a. IL-12p35b and IL-12p40a exhibited widespread expression in lymphoid-related tissues of tilapia, while their mRNA expression in head-kidney demonstrated a significant increase after Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Compared with other lymphocytes, recombinant OnIL-12 (rOnIL-12) displayed stronger affinity binding to T cells. Although stimulation of lymphocytes with the p35b or p40a subunit resulted in a significant induction of IFN-γ expression, rOnIL-12 showed stronger potential to promote IFN-γ expression than these subunits. rOnIL-12 not only elevated the mRNA expression level Th1 cell-associated transcription factor T-bet in lymphocytes, but also increased the proportion of CD4-1+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Moreover, the mRNA and phosphorylation levels of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 were enhanced by rOnIL-12. These findings will offer previous evidence for further exploration into the regulatory mechanisms of Th1 cellular immunity in early vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Xiao J, Cai X, Wang R, Zhou W, Ye Z. ALKBH5-YTHDF2 m6A modification axis inhibits rheumatoid arthritis progression by suppressing NLRP3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 668:70-76. [PMID: 37244037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Recently, NLRP3 has been demonstrated to be closely related to RA. The objective of our research was to analyze the specific mechanism of NLRP3 in RA. The m6A levels of NLRP3 was detected with methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) kit. The mRNA and protein levels of related genes were tested with RT-qPCR and Western blot. The inflammatory factors levels were detected with ELISA kits. The cell proliferative ability was measured with CCK-8 and EdU staining assays. NLRP3 levels was prominently in synovial tissues and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients. NLRP3 silencing suppressed FLS proliferation and inflammatory factor levels. Additionally, ALKBH5 was found to bind with NLRP3, and ALKBH5 silencing suppressed FLS proliferation and inflammatory factor levels while NLRP3 overexpressing neutralized the role of ALKBH5 in FLS. Furthermore, m6A modified induced by ALKBH5 suppressed NLRP3 mRNA level through YTHDC2 in RA, and NLRP3 is a hinge factor in RA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 650000, China
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China.
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Yang YL, Li XF, Song B, Wu S, Wu YY, Huang C, Li J. The Role of CCL3 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2023; 10:793-808. [PMID: 37227653 PMCID: PMC10326236 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unexplained causes. Its pathological features include synovial tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration in joint cavity fluid, cartilage bone destruction, and joint deformation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) belongs to inflammatory cell chemokine. It is highly expressed in inflammatory immune cells. Increasingly, studies have shown that CCL3 can promote the migration of inflammatory factors to synovial tissue, the destruction of bone and joint, angiogenesis, and participate in the pathogenesis of RA. These symptoms indicate that the expression of CCL3 is highly correlated with RA disease. Therefore, this paper reviews the possible mechanism of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of RA, which may provide some new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Li W, Yu L, Li W, Ge G, Ma Y, Xiao L, Qiao Y, Huang W, Huang W, Wei M, Wang Z, Bai J, Geng D. Prevention and treatment of inflammatory arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine: Underlying mechanisms based on cell and molecular targets. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101981. [PMID: 37302756 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis, primarily including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases, whose general feature is joint dysfunction with chronic pain and eventually causes disability in older people. To date, both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have developed a variety of therapeutic methods for inflammatory arthritis and achieved excellent results. But there is still a long way to totally cure these diseases. TCM has been used to treat various joint diseases for thousands of years in Asia. In this review, we summarize clinical efficacies of TCM in inflammatory arthritis treatment after reviewing the results demonstrated in meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials. We pioneered taking inflammatory arthritis-related cell targets of TCM as the entry point and further elaborated the molecular targets inside the cells of TCM, especially the signaling pathways. In addition, we also briefly discussed the relationship between gut microbiota and TCM and described the role of drug delivery systems for using TCM more accurately and safely. We provide updated and comprehensive insights into the clinical application of TCM for inflammatory arthritis treatment. We hope this review can guide and inspire researchers to further explore mechanisms of the anti-arthritis activity of TCM and make a great leap forward in comprehending the science of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Minggang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Li M, Yao X, Chao L. Observation on the effect of intraoperative risk management combined with comfort nursing in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34394. [PMID: 37478267 PMCID: PMC10662797 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of intraoperative risk management combined with comfort nursing in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. A retrospective analysis of 384 cases of laparoscopic surgery subjects admitted from February 2019 to June 2022 in the department of gynecology in our hospital were performed and divided into the control group (n = 192) and observation group (n = 192) according to the difference care that they received. Comfort nursing was taken in the control group, and intraoperative risk management combined with comfort nursing was given in the observation group. The coagulation indexes (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time), immune inflammation indexes (monocytes and neutrophils), the incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the satisfaction of nursing care were compared between the 2 groups. After care, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time in the observation group were significantly longer than those in the control group, and the counts of monocytes and neutrophils in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < .05). The incidence of DVT in the observation group was notablely lower than those in the control group (P = .008). The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was notablely higher than those in the control group (P < .001). Intraoperative risk management combined with comfort nursing intervention can improve the level of coagulation indicators and immune inflammation indicators after gynecological laparoscopic surgery, reduce the incidence of DVT, and improve subject nursing satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Li
- Department of Second Center Operating Room, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Chao
- Department of Second Center Operating Room, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sun Z, Chen A, Fang H, Sun D, Huang M, Cheng E, Luo M, Zhang X, Fang H, Qian G. B cell-derived IL-10 promotes the resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:418. [PMID: 37443161 PMCID: PMC10345008 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is critical for acute lung injury (ALI) recovery. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory factor. However, its role in ALI resolution remains unclear. We investigated the effects of IL-10 during the ALI resolution process in a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. Blockade of IL-10 signaling aggravates LPS-induced lung injury, as manifested by elevated pro-inflammatory factors production and increased neutrophils recruitment to the lung. Thereafter, we used IL-10 GFP reporter mice to discern the source cell of IL-10 during ALI. We found that IL-10 is predominantly generated by B cells during the ALI recovery process. Furthermore, we used IL-10-specific loss in B-cell mice to elucidate the effect of B-cell-derived IL-10 on the ALI resolution process. IL-10-specific loss in B cells leads to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, persistent leukocyte infiltration, and prolonged alveolar barrier damage. Mechanistically, B cell-derived IL-10 inhibits the activation and recruitment of macrophages and downregulates the production of chemokine KC that recruits neutrophils to the lung. Moreover, we found that IL-10 deletion in B cells leads to alterations in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In addition, an exogenous supply of IL-10 promotes recovery from LPS-induced ALI, and IL-10-secreting B cells are present in sepsis-related ARDS. This study highlights that B cell-derived IL-10 is critical for the resolution of LPS-induced ALI and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anning Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erdeng Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guojun Qian
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gao Y, Xu X, Zhang X. Targeting different phenotypes of macrophages: A potential strategy for natural products to treat inflammatory bone and joint diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154952. [PMID: 37506402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages, a key class of immune cells, have a dual role in inflammatory responses, switching between anti-inflammatory M2 and pro-inflammatory M1 subtypes depending on the specific environment. Greater numbers of M1 macrophages correlate with increased production of inflammatory chemicals, decreased osteogenic potential, and eventually bone and joint disorders. Therefore, reversing M1 macrophages polarization is advantageous for lowering inflammatory factors. To better treat inflammatory bone disorders in the future, it may be helpful to gain insight into the specific mechanisms and natural products that modulate macrophage polarization. OBJECTIVE This review examines the impact of programmed cell death and different cells in the bone microenvironment on macrophage polarization, as well as the effects of natural products on the various phenotypes of macrophages, in order to suggest some possibilities for the treatment of inflammatory osteoarthritic disorders. METHODS Using 'macrophage polarization,' 'M1 macrophage' 'M2 macrophage' 'osteoporosis,' 'osteonecrosis of femoral head,' 'osteolysis,' 'gouty arthritis,' 'collagen-induced arthritis,' 'freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis,' 'adjuvant arthritis,' and 'rheumatoid arthritis' as search terms, the relevant literature was searched using the PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. RESULTS Targeting macrophages through different signaling pathways has become a key mechanism for the treatment of inflammatory bone and joint diseases, including HIF-1α, NF-κB, AKT/mTOR, JAK1/2-STAT1, NF-κB, JNK, ERK, p-38α/β, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, AMPK/Sirt1, STAT TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/NLRP3, NAMPT pathway, as well as the programmed cell death autophagy, pyroptosis and ERS. CONCLUSION As a result of a search of databases, we have summarized the available experimental and clinical evidence supporting herbal products as potential treatment agents for inflammatory osteoarthropathy. In this paper, we outline the various modulatory effects of natural substances targeting macrophages in various diseases, which may provide insight into drug options and directions for future clinical trials. In spite of this, more mechanistic studies on natural substances, as well as pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Gao
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xilin Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China.
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Zeng YX, Chou KY, Hwang JJ, Wang HS. The effects of IL-1β stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on polarization and apoptosis of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10612. [PMID: 37391581 PMCID: PMC10313744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the functions of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) are different. Our previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and initiate breast cancer cell apoptosis via ligand to death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-1β stimulated hUCMSCs (IL-1β-hUCMSCs) on immunoregulation of M1 and M2 macrophages in vitro and in the RA mouse model. The results showed that IL-1β-hUCMSCs increased macrophage polarization into M2 macrophages and enhanced apoptosis of M1 macrophages in vitro. Moreover, the intravenous injected IL-1β-hUCMSCs in RA mice rehabilitated the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio and thus demonstrated the potential to reduce inflammation in RA. This study advances our knowledge of the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in IL-1β-hUCMSCs to induce M1 macrophage apoptosis and promote the anti-inflammatory polarization of M2 macrophages and demonstrates the potential of IL-1β-hUCMSCs to reduce inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xuan Zeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Yi Chou
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwai-Shi Wang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Park J, Lee C, Kim YT. Effects of Natural Product-Derived Compounds on Inflammatory Pain via Regulation of Microglial Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:941. [PMID: 37513853 PMCID: PMC10386117 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is a type of pain caused by tissue damage associated with inflammation and is characterized by hypersensitivity to pain and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Neuroinflammation is significantly increased by various neurotransmitters and cytokines that are expressed in activated primary afferent neurons, and it plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory pain. The activation of microglia and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are the hallmark features of neuroinflammation. During the development of neuroinflammation, various intracellular signaling pathways are activated or inhibited in microglia, leading to the regulation of inflammatory proteins and cytokines. Numerous attempts have been conducted to alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation. Natural products and their compounds have gained attention as potential candidates for suppressing inflammatory pain due to verified safety through centuries of use. Many studies have also shown that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to suppress microglial activation and alleviate inflammatory pain. Herein, we review the literature on inflammatory mediators and intracellular signaling involved in microglial activation in inflammatory pain, as well as natural product-derived compounds that have been found to suppress microglial activation. This review suggests that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to alleviate inflammatory pain through the suppression of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Sun L, Chen Z, Ni Y, He Z. Network pharmacology-based approach to explore the underlying mechanism of sinomenine on sepsis-induced myocardial injury in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138858. [PMID: 37388447 PMCID: PMC10303801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis, a systemic disease, usually induces myocardial injury (MI), and sepsis-induced MI has become a significant contributor to sepsis-related deaths in the intensive care unit. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of sinomenine (SIN) on sepsis-induced MI and clarify the underlying mechanism based on the techniques of network pharmacology. Methods: Cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) was adopted to induce sepsis in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Serum indicators, echocardiographic cardiac parameters, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were conducted to gauge the severity of cardiac damage. The candidate targets and potential mechanism of SIN against sepsis-induced MI were analyzed via network pharmacology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for detecting the serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was applied for evaluating the levels of protein expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling assay was applied to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Results: SIN significantly improved the cardiac functions, and attenuated myocardial structural damage of rats as compared with the CLP group. In total, 178 targets of SIN and 945 sepsis-related genes were identified, and 33 overlapped targets were considered as candidate targets of SIN against sepsis. Enrichment analysis results demonstrated that these putative targets were significantly associated with the Interleukin 17 (IL-17) signal pathway, inflammatory response, cytokines-mediated signal pathway, and Janus Kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Molecular docking suggested that SIN had favorable binding affinities with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 (MAPK8), Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). SIN significantly reduced the serum concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8), lowered the protein expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), JAK1, JAK2, STAT3, NF-κB, and decreased the proportion of cleaved-caspase3/caspase3. In addition, SIN also significantly inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes as compared with the CLP group. Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology analysis and corresponding experiments, it was concluded that SIN could mediate related targets and pathways to protect against sepsis-induced MI.
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Ma S, Zhao M, Chang M, Shi X, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine on IgA nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154913. [PMID: 37307737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, that causes serious physical and psychological burden to patients worldwide. Some traditional treatment measures, such as blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling blood pressure, and following a low-protein diet, may not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, more effective and safe therapies for IgAN are urgently needed. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and their active ingredients in the treatment and management of IgAN based on the results of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to fully understand the advantages and perspectives of CHMs in the treatment of IgAN. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For this review, the following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data, "IgA nephropathy," "traditional Chinese medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine," "herb," "mechanism," "Meta-analysis," "systematic review," "RCT" and their combinations were the keywords to search the relevant literature. Data were collected from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS This review found that the active ingredients of CHMs commonly act on multiple signaling pathways in the clinical treatment of IgAN, mainly with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects, and regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Compared with the single-target therapy of modern medicine, CHMs can regulate the corresponding pathways from the aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis and autophagy to play a multi-target treatment of IgAN through syndrome differentiation and treatment, which has good clinical efficacy and can be used as the first choice or alternative therapy for IgAN treatment. This review provides evidence and research direction for a comprehensive clinical understanding of the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine on IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Wang L, Li P, Zhou Y, Gu R, Lu G, Zhang C. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing the Inflammation Response via the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2271-2296. [PMID: 37265745 PMCID: PMC10231344 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s406298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Magnoflorine (Mag) has been reported to have anxiolytics, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Mag on the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the underlying mechanism using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage inflammation model. Methods The in vivo effects of Mag on CIA were studied by inducing CIA in a mouse model using DBA/1J mice followed by treatment with vehicle, methotrexate (MTX, 1 mg/kg/d), and Mag (5 mg/kg/d, 10 mg/kg/d, and 20 mg/kg/d), and the in vitro effects of Mag on macrophages were examined by stimulation of RAW264.7 cells line and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) by LPS in the presence of different concentrations of Mag. Network pharmacology and molecular docking was then performed to predict the the binding ability between Mag and its targets. Inflammatory mediators were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Signaling pathway changes were subsequently determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that Mag decreased arthritis severity scores, joints destruction, and macrophages infiltration into the synovial tissues of the CIA mice. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that Mag interacted with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Consistent with this, analysis of the serum, synovial tissue of the CIA mice, and the supernatant of the cultured RAW264.7 cells and PMs showed that Mag suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, and IFN-β. Furthermore, Mag attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs in the synovial tissues of the CIA mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion Mag may exert anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
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Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Alomar HA, Al-Mazroua HA, Ibrahim KE, Alshamrani AA, Al-Hamamah MA, Alfardan AS, Attia SM. CXCR3 antagonist NBI-74330 mitigates joint inflammation in Collagen-Induced arthritis model in DBA/1J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110099. [PMID: 37018975 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by uncontrolled synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. We used the CXCR3-specific antagonist NBI-74330 to block T-cell-mediated signaling in a DBA/1J mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). After CIA induction, DBA/1J mice were treated with NBI-74330 (100 mg/kg) daily from day 21 until day 34 and evaluated for arthritic score and histopathological changes. Furthermore, using flow cytometry, we investigated the effects of NBI-74330 on Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, STAT4, Notch-3, and RANKL), Th17 (IL-21, IL-17A, STAT3, and RORγt), and Th22 (IL-22) cells in splenic CD4+ and CXCR3+T-cells. We also used RT-PCR to assess the effect of mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, RANKL, IL-17A, RORγt, and IL-22 in knee tissues. The IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A serum protein levels were measured using ELISA. Compared to vehicle-treated CIA mice, the severity of arthritic scores and histological severity of inflammation decreased significantly in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice. Moreover, compared to vehicle-treated CIA mice, the percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+TNF-α+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+STAT4+, CD4+Notch-3+, CXCR3+IFN-γ+, CXCR3+TNF-α+, CXCR3+T-bet+, CXCR3+STAT4+, CXCR3+Notch-3+, CD4+RANKL+, CD4+IL-21+, CD4+IL-17A+, CD4+STAT3+, CD4+RORγt+, and CD4+IL-22+ cells decreased in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice. Furthermore, NBI-74330-treatment downregulated IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet, RANKL, STAT3, IL-17A, RORγt, and IL-22 mRNA levels. Serum IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels were significantly lower in NBI-74330-treated CIA mice than in vehicle-treated CIA mice. This study demonstrates the antiarthritic effects of NBI-74330 in CIA mice. Therefore, these data suggest that NBI-74330 could be considered a potential RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alfardan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Zhou Z, Liu Z. A review on pharmacokinetics of sinomenine and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110227. [PMID: 37119677 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs), with significant effects on morbidity and mortality, are a broad spectrum of disorders featured by body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the root and stem of Sinomenium acutum which is mainly used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for centuries in China. Its potential anti-inflammatory role for treating immune-related disorders in experimental animal models and in some clinical applications have been reported widely, suggesting an inspiring application prospect of SIN. In this review, the pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, pharmacological mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SIN, and the possibility of SIN as adjuvant to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy were summarized and evaluated. This paper aims to reveal the potential prospects and limitations of SIN in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases, and to provide ideas for compensating its limitations and reducing the side effects, and thus to make SIN better translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lvzhuo Zhang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Huang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Jingzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zushan Zhou
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China.
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50
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Sinomenine ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting the autophagy/NETosis/inflammation axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3933. [PMID: 36894604 PMCID: PMC9998614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which are the specific dying form of neutrophil upon activation have fundamental role in the rheumatoid arthritis onset and progression. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of Sinomenine on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice, and the neutrophil activities regulated by Sinomenine. The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by local injection of adjuvant and the Sinomenine treatment was administered orally for 30 days, during which, arthritic scores were evaluated and the joint diameter was measured to determine disease progression. The joint tissues and serum were acquired for further tests after sacrifice. Cytometric beads assay was performed to measure the concentration of cytokines. For paraffin-embedded ankle tissues, hematoxylin and erosin staining and Safranin O-fast staining were adopted to monitor the tissue changes of joint. In order to analyze the inflammation, NETs and autophagy of neutrophils in vivo, immunohistochemistry assays were applied to detect the protein expression levels in the local joints. To describe the effect brought by Sinomenine on inflammation, autophagy and NETs in vitro, the western blotting and the immunofluorescence assays were performed. The joint symptoms of the adjuvant induced arthritis were alleviated by the Sinomenine treatment significantly in terms of the ankle diameter and scores. The improvement of local histopathology changes and decrease of inflammatory cytokines in the serum also confirmed the efficacy. The expression levels of interleukin-6, P65 and p-P65 in the ankle areas of mice were remarkably reduced by Sinomenine. Compared with the model group, the decreased expression levels of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex and myeloperoxidase in the Sinomenine treating group showed the inhibitory effect of Sinomenine on the neutrophil migration. The expression of protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4), ctrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) had the similar tendency. Upon activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, Sinomenine suppressed the phosphorylation of P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38 of neutrophil. Meanwhile, Sinomenine inhibited NETs formation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which were demonstrated by the decreased expression of neutrophil elastase (NE), PAD4 and CitH3. Sinomenine also inhibited PMA-induced autophagy in vitro based on the changes of Beclin-1 and LC3B. Sinomenine has good efficacy in treating adjuvant induced arthritis via regulating neutrophil activities. Apart from inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the mechanism includes suppression of NETs formation via autophagy inhibition.
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