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Song K, Yu JY, Li J, Li M, Peng LY, Yi PF. Astragaloside IV Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Immunosuppression Caused by PRRSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1586. [PMID: 37515271 PMCID: PMC10383485 DOI: 10.3390/v15071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a global threat to pig health and results in significant economic losses. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses are evident during PRRSV infection. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a classical pattern recognition receptor recognizing mainly intracytoplasmic DNA, induces type I IFN responses through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. It has also been demonstrated that cGAS-STING is involved in PRRSV infection. This study utilized the qRT-PCR, ELISA, and WB methods to examine the effects of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on the regulation of innate immune function and cGAS-STING signaling pathway in porcine alveolar macrophages. The results showed that AS-IV attenuated the decreased innate immune function caused by PRRSV infection, restored the inhibited cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and increased the expression of interferon, ultimately exerting antiviral effects. Moreover, these results suggest that AS-IV may be a promising candidate for a new anti-PRRSV antiviral, and its mechanism of action may provide insights for developing novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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2
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Thorenoor N, Floros J. The Lung Alveolar Cell (LAC) miRNome and Gene Expression Profile of the SP-A-KO Mice After Infection With and Without Rescue With Human Surfactant Protein-A2 (1A0). Front Immunol 2022; 13:854434. [PMID: 35844510 PMCID: PMC9283764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human surfactant protein (SP)-A1 and SP-A2 exhibit differential qualitative and quantitative effects on the alveolar macrophage (AM), including a differential impact on the AM miRNome. Moreover, SP-A rescue (treatment) of SP-A-knockout (KO) infected mice impoves survival. Here, we studied for the first time the role of exogenous SP-A protein treatment on the regulation of lung alveolar cell (LAC) miRNome, the miRNA-RNA targets, and gene expression of SP-A-KO infected mice of both sexes. Toward this, SP-A-KO mice of both sexes were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and half of them were also treated with SP-A2 (1A0). After 6 h of infection/SP-A treatment, the expression levels and pathways of LAC miRNAs, genes, and target miRNA-mRNAs were studied in both groups. We found 1) significant differences in the LAC miRNome, genes, and miRNA-mRNA targets in terms of sex, infection, and infection plus SP-A2 (1A0) protein rescue; 2) an increase in the majority of miRNA-mRNA targets in both study groups in KO male vs. female mice and involvement of the miRNA-mRNA targets in pathways of inflammation, antiapoptosis, and cell cycle; 3) genes with significant changes to be involved in TP-53, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cell cycle signaling nodes; 4) when significant changes in the expression of molecules from all analyses (miRNAs, miRNA-mRNA targets, and genes) were considered, two signaling pathways, the TNF and cell cycle, referred to as “integrated pathways” were shown to be significant; 5) the cell cycle pathway to be present in all comparisons made. Because SP-A could be used therapeutically in pulmonary diseases, it is important to understand the molecules and pathways involved in response to an SP-A acute treatment. The information obtained contributes to this end and may help to gain insight especially in the case of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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3
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Zhang X, Shearer D, Weisz J, Floros J. Comparison of the Toponomes of Alveolar Macrophages From Wild Type and Surfactant Protein A Knockout Mice and Their Response to Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853611. [PMID: 35572576 PMCID: PMC9094576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) plays a critical role in lung innate immunity by regulating alveolar macrophages (AM), expression of inflammatory mediators, and other host defense proteins. The toponome imaging system (TIS), a serial immunostainer, was used to study the AM toponome because it characterizes the localization of multiple markers and identifies marker combinations in each pixel as combinatorial molecular phenotypes (CMPs). We used TIS to study the AM toponome from wild type (WT) and SP-A knockout (KO) mice and changes following Klebsiella pneumoniae exposure. Methods WT or KO mice received intratracheal K. pneumoniae or vehicle and AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage after one hour. AM were attached to slides and underwent TIS analysis. Images were analyzed to characterize all pixels. AM CMPs from WT vehicle (n=3) and infected (n=3) mice were compared to each other and to AM from KO (n=3 vehicle; n=3 infected). Histograms provided us with a tool to summarize the representation of each marker in a set of CMPs. Results Using the histograms and other tools we identified markers of interest and observed that: 1) Both comparisons had conserved (present in all group members) CMPs, only in vehicle AM and only in infected AM, or common to both vehicle and infected AM, (i.e., unaffected by the condition). 2) the CMP number decreased with infection in WT and KO versus vehicle controls. 3) More infection-specific CMPs in WT vs KO AM. 4) When AM from WT and KO vehicle or infected were compared, there were more unique CMPs exclusive to the KO AM. 5) All comparisons showed CMPs shared by both groups. Conclusions The decrease of CMPs exclusive to infected AM in KO mice may underlie the observed susceptibility of KO mice to infection. However, both KO groups had more exclusive CMPs than the corresponding WT groups, perhaps indicating a vigorous effort by KO to overcome deficits in certain proteins and CMPs that are dysregulated by the absence of SP-A. Moreover, the presence of shared CMPs in the compared groups indicates that regulation of these CMPs is not dependent on either infection or the presence or absence of SP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Debra Shearer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Judith Weisz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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4
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Yang L, Shearer D, Weisz J, Zhang X, Floros J. The alveolar macrophage toponome of female SP-A knockout mice differs from that of males before and after SP-A1 rescue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5039. [PMID: 35322074 PMCID: PMC8943067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS), a serial immunostainer, we studied the patterns of expression of multiple markers in alveolar macrophages (AM) from female mice lacking surfactant protein A (SP-A knockouts; KO) after "rescue" with exogenous SP-A1. We also used a 7-marker subset to compare with AM from males. AM were harvested 18 h after intrapharyngeal SP-A1 or vehicle, attached to slides, and subjected to serial immunostaining for 12 markers. Expression of the markers in each pixel of the image was analyzed both in the whole image and in individual selected cells. The marker combination in each pixel is referred to as a combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP). A subset of antibodies was used to compare AM from male mice to the females. We found: (a) extensive AM heterogeneity in females by CMP analysis and by clustering analysis of CMPs in single cells; (b) AM from female KO mice respond to exogenous SP-A1 by increasing CMP phenotypic diversity and perhaps enhancing their potential innate immune capabilities; and (c) comparison of male and female AM responses to SP-A1 revealed that males respond more vigorously than females and clustering analysis was more effective in distinguishing males from females rather than treated from control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Phelps
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Lili Yang
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Judith Weisz
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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5
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Escobar‐Salom M, Torrens G, Jordana‐Lluch E, Oliver A, Juan C. Mammals' humoral immune proteins and peptides targeting the bacterial envelope: from natural protection to therapeutic applications against multidrug‐resistant
Gram
‐negatives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1005-1037. [PMID: 35043558 PMCID: PMC9304279 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate immunity employs several humoral ‘weapons’ that target the bacterial envelope. The threats posed by the multidrug‐resistant ‘ESKAPE’ Gram‐negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are forcing researchers to explore new therapeutic options, including the use of these immune elements. Here we review bacterial envelope‐targeting (peptidoglycan and/or membrane‐targeting) proteins/peptides of the mammalian immune system that are most likely to have therapeutic applications. Firstly we discuss their general features and protective activity against ESKAPE Gram‐negatives in the host. We then gather, integrate, and discuss recent research on experimental therapeutics harnessing their bactericidal power, based on their exogenous administration and also on the discovery of bacterial and/or host targets that improve the performance of this endogenous immunity, as a novel therapeutic concept. We identify weak points and knowledge gaps in current research in this field and suggest areas for future work to obtain successful envelope‐targeting therapeutic options to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar‐Salom
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Elena Jordana‐Lluch
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
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6
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Floros J, Tsotakos N. Differential Regulation of Human Surfactant Protein A Genes, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, and Their Corresponding Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766719. [PMID: 34917085 PMCID: PMC8669794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 genes encode the surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1) and SP-A2, respectively, and they have been identified with significant genetic and epigenetic variability including sequence, deletion/insertions, and splice variants. The surfactant proteins, SP-A1 and SP-A2, and their corresponding variants play important roles in several processes of innate immunity as well in surfactant-related functions as reviewed elsewhere [1]. The levels of SP-A have been shown to differ among individuals both under baseline conditions and in response to various agents or disease states. Moreover, a number of agents have been shown to differentially regulate SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 transcripts. The focus in this review is on the differential regulation of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 with primary focus on the role of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and flanking sequences on this differential regulation as well molecules that may mediate the differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Tsotakos
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University - Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
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7
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Floros J, Thorenoor N, Tsotakos N, Phelps DS. Human Surfactant Protein SP-A1 and SP-A2 Variants Differentially Affect the Alveolar Microenvironment, Surfactant Structure, Regulation and Function of the Alveolar Macrophage, and Animal and Human Survival Under Various Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681639. [PMID: 34484180 PMCID: PMC8415824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human innate host defense molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants, differentially affect survival after infection in mice and in lung transplant patients. SP-A interacts with the sentinel innate immune cell in the alveolus, the alveolar macrophage (AM), and modulates its function and regulation. SP-A also plays a role in pulmonary surfactant-related aspects, including surfactant structure and reorganization. For most (if not all) pulmonary diseases there is a dysregulation of host defense and inflammatory processes and/or surfactant dysfunction or deficiency. Because SP-A plays a role in both of these general processes where one or both may become aberrant in pulmonary disease, SP-A stands to be an important molecule in health and disease. In humans (unlike in rodents) SP-A is encoded by two genes (SFTPA1 and SFTPA2) and each has been identified with extensive genetic and epigenetic complexity. In this review, we focus on functional, structural, and regulatory differences between the two SP-A gene-specific products, SP-A1 and SP-A2, and among their corresponding variants. We discuss the differential impact of these variants on the surfactant structure, the alveolar microenvironment, the regulation of epithelial type II miRNome, the regulation and function of the AM, the overall survival of the organism after infection, and others. Although there have been a number of reviews on SP-A, this is the first review that provides such a comprehensive account of the differences between human SP-A1 and SP-A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Tsotakos
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - David S Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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8
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Can Prophylactic High Flow of Humidified and Warmed Filtered Air Improve Survival from Bacterial Pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 in Elderly Individuals? The Role of Surfactant Protein A. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050640. [PMID: 33922049 PMCID: PMC8143458 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion article, we discuss a serendipitous observation we made in a study investigating survival in aged mice after bacterial infection. This observation involved a non-invasive ventilation approach that led to variable and higher survival in male and female mice with different genetic backgrounds for the innate immune molecule, surfactant protein A (SP-A). We suggest that employing the best ventilatory modality, whether that be HFNC or another method, may augment the role of other factors such as SP-A genetics and sex in a personalized approach, and may ultimately improve the outcome.
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9
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Gandhi CK, Chen C, Amatya S, Yang L, Fu C, Zhou S, Wu R, Buendía-Roldan I, Selman M, Pardo A, Floros J. SNP and Haplotype Interaction Models Reveal Association of Surfactant Protein Gene Polymorphisms With Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis of Mexican Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:588404. [PMID: 33469544 PMCID: PMC7813780 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.588404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of common environmental organic particles. Surfactant proteins (SPs) play a role in innate immunity and surfactant function. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes of the SP genes associate with HP. Methods: Seventy-five HP patients caused by avian antigen and 258 controls, asymptomatic antigen exposed and non-exposed were enrolled. SNP association was performed using logistic regression analysis and SNP-SNP interaction models. Results: Based on odds ratio, regression analyses showed association of (a) rs7316_G, 1A3 (protective) compared to antigen exposed; (b) male sex, smoking, rs721917_T and rs1130866_T (protective) compared to non-exposed controls with HP; (c) compared to antigen exposed, 25 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model; (d) compared to non-exposed, (i) rs1136451 associated with increased, whereas rs1136450 and rs1130866 associated with lower HP risk, (ii) 97 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model. The majority of SNP-SNP interactions associated with increased HP risk involved SNPs of the hydrophilic SPs, whereas, the majority of interactions associated with lower HP risk involved SNPs of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPs; (e) haplotypes of SP genes associated with HP risk. Conclusions: The complexity of SNPs interactions of the SFTP genes observed indicate that the lung inflammatory response to avian antigens is modulated by a complex gene interplay rather than by single SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K. Gandhi
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenqi Fu
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldan
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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10
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Amatya S, Ye M, Yang L, Gandhi CK, Wu R, Nagourney B, Floros J. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Interactions of the Surfactant Protein Genes Associated With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susceptibility in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:682160. [PMID: 34671583 PMCID: PMC8521105 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.682160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), due to surfactant deficiency in preterm infants, is the most common cause of respiratory morbidity. The surfactant proteins (SFTP) genetic variants have been well-studied in association with RDS; however, the impact of SNP-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) interactions on RDS has not been addressed. Therefore, this study utilizes a newer statistical model to determine the association of SFTP single SNP model and SNP-SNP interactions in a two and a three SNP interaction model with RDS susceptibility. Methods: This study used available genotype and clinical data in the Floros biobank at Penn State University. The patients consisted of 848 preterm infants, born <36 weeks of gestation, with 477 infants with RDS and 458 infants without RDS. Seventeen well-studied SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD SNPs were investigated. Wang's statistical model was employed to test and identify significant associations in a case-control study. Results: Only the rs17886395 (C allele) of the SFTPA2 was associated with protection for RDS in a single-SNP model (Odd's Ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.43, adjusted p = 0.03). The highest number of interactions (n = 27) in the three SNP interactions were among SFTPA1 and SFTPA2. The three SNP models showed intergenic and intragenic interactions among all SFTP SNPs except SFTPC. Conclusion: The single SNP model and SNP interactions using the two and three SNP interactions models identified SFTP-SNP associations with RDS. However, the large number of significant associations containing SFTPA1 and/or SFTPA2 SNPs point to the importance of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 in RDS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rongling Wu
- Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Beth Nagourney
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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11
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Weisz J, Yang L, Shearer D, Zhang X, Floros J. Differences in the alveolar macrophage toponome in humanized SP-A1 and SP-A2 transgenic mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141410. [PMID: 33141765 PMCID: PMC7819750 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are differentially regulated by human surfactant protein-A1 (SP-A1) or SP-A2. However, AMs are very heterogeneous and differences are difficult to characterize in intact cells. Using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS), an imaging technique that uses sequential immunostaining to identify patterns of biomarker expression or combinatorial molecular phenotypes (CMPs), we studied individual single cells and identified subgroups of AMs (n = 168) from SP-A–KO mice and mice expressing either SP-A1 or SP-A2. The effects, as shown by CMPs, of SP-A1 and SP-A2 on AMs were significant and differed. SP-A1 AMs were the most diverse and shared the fewest CMPs with KO and SP-A2. Clustering analysis of each group showed 3 clusters where the CMP-based phenotype was distinct in each cluster. Moreover, a clustering analysis of all 168 AMs revealed 10 clusters, many dominated by 1 group. Some CMP overlap among groups was observed with SP-A2 AMs sharing the most CMPs and SP-A1 AMs the fewest. The CMP-based patterns identified here provide a basis for understanding not only AMs’ diversity, but also most importantly, the molecular basis for the diversity of functional differences in mouse models where the impact of genetics of innate immune molecules on AMs has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | | | - Judith Weisz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Debra Shearer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Joanna Floros
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Thorenoor N, Phelps DS, Floros J. Differential Sex-Dependent Regulation of the Alveolar Macrophage miRNome of SP-A2 and co-ex (SP-A1/SP-A2) and Sex Differences Attenuation after 18 h of Ozone Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121190. [PMID: 33260937 PMCID: PMC7768498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human SP-A1 and SP-A2, encoded by SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, and their genetic variants differentially impact alveolar macrophage (AM) functions and regulation, including the miRNome. We investigated whether miRNome differences previously observed between AM from SP-A2 and SP-A1/SP-A2 mice are due to continued qualitative differences or a delayed response of mice carrying a single gene. Methods: Human transgenic (hTG) mice, carrying SP-A2 or both SP-A genes, and SP-A-KO mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ozone (O3). AM miRNA levels, target gene expression, and pathways determined 18 h after O3 exposure. RESULTS: We found (a) differences in miRNome due to sex, SP-A genotype, and exposure; (b) miRNome of both sexes was largely downregulated by O3, and co-ex had fewer changed (≥2-fold) miRNAs than either group; (c) the number and direction of the expression of genes with significant changes in males and females in co-ex are almost the opposite of those in SP-A2; (d) the same pathways were found in the studied groups; and (e) O3 exposure attenuated sex differences with a higher number of genotype-dependent and genotype-independent miRNAs common in both sexes after O3 exposure. Conclusion: Qualitative differences between SP-A2 and co-ex persist 18 h post-O3, and O3 attenuates sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.T.); (D.S.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Xu HN, Lin Z, Gandhi CK, Amatya S, Wang Y, Li LZ, Floros J. Sex and SP-A2 Dependent NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Mouse Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Ozone Exposure: Potential Implications for COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100915. [PMID: 32992843 PMCID: PMC7601279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) redox plays a key role in macrophage function. Surfactant protein (SP-) A modulates the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM) and ozone (O3) exposure in the presence or absence of SP-A and reduces mouse survival in a sex-dependent manner. It is unclear whether and how NAD(H) redox status plays a role in the innate immune response in a sex-dependent manner. We investigated the NAD(H) redox status of AM from SP-A2 and SP-A knockout (KO) mice in response to O3 or filtered air (control) exposure using optical redox imaging technique. We found: (i) In SP-A2 mice, the redox alteration of AM in response to O3 showed sex-dependence with AM from males being significantly more oxidized and having a higher level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species than females; (ii) AM from KO mice were more oxidized after O3 exposure and showed no sex differences; (iii) AM from female KO mice were more oxidized than female SP-A2 mice; and (iv) Two distinct subpopulations characterized by size and redox status were observed in a mouse AM sample. In conclusions, the NAD(H) redox balance in AM responds to O3 in a sex-dependent manner and the innate immune molecule, SP-A2, contributes to this observed sex-specific redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenwu Lin
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
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14
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Impact of Ozone, Sex, and Gonadal Hormones on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Characteristics and Survival in SP-A KO Mice Infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091354. [PMID: 32899781 PMCID: PMC7563396 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in innate immunity. The sex-dependent survival of infected SP-A knockout (KO) mice has been observed. Our goal was to study the impact of ozone (O3) and sex, as well as gonadal hormones, on the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) readouts and survival, respectively, of Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected SP-A KO mice. Male and female SP-A KO mice were exposed to O3 or filtered air and infected with K. pneumoniae. We studied markers of inflammation and tissue damage at 4, 24, and 48 h, as well as the survival over 14 days, of gonadectomized (Gx) mice implanted with control pellets (CoP) or hormone (5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in female gonadectomized mice (GxF) or 17β-estradiol (E2) in male gonadectomized mice (GxM)). We observed: (1) an increase in neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels as time progressed post-infection, and O3 exposure appeared to increase this response; (2) an increase in lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, oxidized protein, and phospholipids in response to O3 with no consistent sex differences in studied parameters; and (3) a reduction in survival of the GxM and CoP mice, the GxM and E2 mice, and the GxF and DHT mice but not for the GxF and CoP mice after O3. Without SP-A, (a) sex was found to have a minimal impact on BAL cellular composition and tissue damage markers, and (b) the impact of gonadal hormones on survival was found to involve different mechanisms than in the presence of SP-A.
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15
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Tekos F, Skaperda Z, Goutzourelas N, Phelps DS, Floros J, Kouretas D. The Importance of Redox Status in the Frame of Lifestyle Approaches and the Genetics of the Lung Innate Immune Molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2, on Differential Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090784. [PMID: 32854247 PMCID: PMC7554878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is of great concern to the scientific community. This mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases. People with obesity are more likely to experience unpleasant disease symptoms and increased mortality. The severe oxidative environment that occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation permits viral activation of further inflammation leading to severe lung disease. Lifestyle affects the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been shown that a careful diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, and fasting regimens, each and/or together, can reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system as they lead to weight loss and activate cellular antioxidant mechanisms and reduce oxidative damage. Thus, a lifestyle change based on the three pillars: antioxidants, exercise, and fasting could act as a proactive preventative measure against the adverse effects of COVID-19 by maintaining redox balance and well-functioning immunity. Moreover, because of the observed diversity in the expression of COVID-19 inflammation, the role of genetics of innate immune molecules, surfactant protein A (SP-A)1 and SP-A2, and their differential impact on the local lung microenvironment and host defense is reviewed as genetics may play a major role in the diverse expression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2410-565-277; Fax: +30-2410-565-290
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16
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Thorenoor N, S. Phelps D, Kala P, Ravi R, Floros Phelps A, M. Umstead T, Zhang X, Floros J. Impact of Surfactant Protein-A Variants on Survival in Aged Mice in Response to Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection and Ozone: Serendipity in Action. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091276. [PMID: 32825654 PMCID: PMC7570056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune molecules, SP-A1 (6A2, 6A4) and SP-A2 (1A0, 1A3), differentially affect young mouse survival after infection. Here, we investigated the impact of SP-A variants on the survival of aged mice. hTG mice carried a different SP-A1 or SP-A2 variant and SP-A-KO were either infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae or exposed to filtered air (FA) or ozone (O3) prior to infection, and their survival monitored over 14 days. In response to infection alone, no gene- or sex-specific (except for 6A2) differences were observed; variant-specific survival was observed (1A0 > 6A4). In response to O3, gene-, sex-, and variant-specific survival was observed with SP-A2 variants showing better survival in males than females, and 1A0 females > 1A3 females. A serendipitous, and perhaps clinically important observation was made; mice exposed to FA prior to infection exhibited significantly better survival than infected alone mice. 1A0 provided an overall better survival in males and/or females indicating a differential role for SP-A genetics. Improved ventilation, as provided by FA, resulted in a survival of significant magnitude in aged mice and perhaps to a lesser extent in young mice. This may have clinical application especially within the context of the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (T.M.U.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (J.F.)
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (T.M.U.); (X.Z.)
| | - Padma Kala
- Independent Consultant, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA;
| | - Radhika Ravi
- Division of Anesthesia, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA;
| | | | - Todd M. Umstead
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (T.M.U.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (T.M.U.); (X.Z.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (T.M.U.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (J.F.)
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17
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King SD, Chen SY. Recent progress on surfactant protein A: cellular function in lung and kidney disease development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C316-C320. [PMID: 32639871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a heterogeneous active surface complex made up of lipids and proteins. The major glycoprotein in surfactant is surfactant protein A (SP-A), which is released into the alveolar lumen from cytoplasmic lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells. SP-A is involved in phospholipid absorption. SP-A together with other surfactant proteins and phospholipids prevent alveolar collapse during respiration by decreasing the surface tension of the air-liquid interface. Additionally, SP-A interacts with pathogens to prevent their propagation and regulate host immune responses. Studies in human and animal models have shown that deficiencies or mutations in surfactant components result in various lung or kidney pathologies, suggesting a role for SP-A in the development of lung and kidney diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the current understanding of SP-A functions, recent findings of its dysfunction in specific lung and kidney pathologies, and how SP-A has been used as a biomarker to detect the outcome of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar D King
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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18
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Thorenoor N, Kawasawa YI, Gandhi CK, Floros J. Sex-Specific Regulation of Gene Expression Networks by Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) Variants in Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1290. [PMID: 32670284 PMCID: PMC7326812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) in addition to its surfactant-related functions interacts with alveolar macrophages (AM), the guardian cells of innate immunity in the lungs, and regulates many of its functions under basal condition and in response to various pressures, such as infection and oxidative stress. The human SP-A locus consists of two functional genes, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, and one pseudogene. The functional genes encode human SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins, respectively, and each has been identified with several genetic variants. SP-A variants differ in their ability to regulate lung function mechanics and survival in response to bacterial infection. Here, we investigated the effect of hSP-A variants on the AM gene expression profile in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. We used four humanized transgenic (hTG) mice that each carried SP-A1 (6A2, 6A4) or SP-A2 (1A0, 1A3), and KO. AM gene expression profiling was performed after 6 h post-infection. We found: (a) significant sex differences in the expression of AM genes; (b) in response to infection, 858 (KO), 196 (6A2), 494 (6A4), 276 (1A0), and 397 (1A3) genes were identified (P < 0.05) and some of these were differentially expressed with ≥2 fold, specific to either males or females; (c) significant SP-A1 and SP-A2 variant-specific differences in AM gene expression; (d) via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), key pathways and molecules were identified that had direct interaction with TP53, TNF, and cell cycle signaling nodes; (e) of the three pathways (TNF, TP-53, and cell cycle signaling nodes) studied here, all variants except SP-A2 (1A3) female, showed significance for at least 2 of these pathways, and KO male showed significance for all three pathways; (f) validation of key molecules exhibited variant-specific significant differences in the expression between sexes and a similarity in gene expression profile was observed between KO and SP-A1. These results reveal for the first time a large number of biologically relevant functional pathways influenced in a sex-specific manner by SP-A variants in response to infection. These data may assist in studying molecular mechanisms of SP-A-mediated AM gene regulation and potentially identify novel therapeutic targets for K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Pharmacology & Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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19
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Mei H, An C, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xin C. Study on the Relationship Between Respiratory Distress Syndrome and SP-A1 (rs1059057) Gene Polymorphism in Mongolian Very Premature Infants. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:81. [PMID: 32257981 PMCID: PMC7090089 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the relationship between rs1059057 polymorphism of pulmonary surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in Mongolian very premature infants. Methods: Applying the strategy of case-control study, 120 Mongolian RDS very premature infants (58 males and 62 females) in the western part of Inner Mongolia were selected as the case group, and 120 subjects of non-RDS very premature infants (56 males and 64 females) with the same nationality, same sex and similar gestational age were used as the control group. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs1059057 of SP-A1 was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Results: Two genotypes, A/G and A/A, were detected at the SP-A1 rs1059057 locus in the western part of Inner Mongolia. In the case group, the frequencies of two genotypes were 53 and 47%, and the frequencies of A allele and G allele were 73 and 27%, respectively. In the control group, the frequencies of the two genotypes were 42 and 58%, and the frequencies of A allele and G allele were 79 and 21%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the genotype frequency of SP-A1 (rs1059057) locus between the case group and the control group (X 2 = 3.275, P > 0.05), and no significant difference in allele frequency between the case group and the control group (X 2 = 2.255, P > 0.05). Conclusion: The genotypes and allele frequencies of SP-A1 (rs1059057) locus were not associated with the incidence of RDS in Mongolian very premature infants in western Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hua Mei
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caiyan An
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunzhi Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Xin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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20
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D'Ovidio F, Floros J, Aramini B, Lederer D, DiAngelo SL, Arcasoy S, Sonett JR, Robbins H, Shah L, Costa J, Urso A. Donor surfactant protein A2 polymorphism and lung transplant survival. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00618-2019. [PMID: 31831583 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00618-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene polymorphisms of surfactant proteins, key players in lung innate immunity, have been associated with various lung diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between variations within the surfactant protein (SP)-A gene of the donor lung allograft and recipient post-transplant outcome. METHODS Lung-transplant patients (n=192) were prospectively followed-up with pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopies with bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsies. Donor lungs were assayed for SP-A1 (6An) and SP-A2 (1An) gene polymorphism using the pyrosequencing method. Unadjusted and adjusted stratified Cox survival models are reported. RESULTS SP-A1 and SP-A2 genotype frequency and lung transplant recipient and donor characteristics as well as cause of death are noted. Recipients were grouped per donor SP-A2 variants. Individuals that received lungs from donors with the SP-A2 1A0 (n=102) versus 1A1 variant (n=68) or SP-A2 genotype 1A01A0 (n=54) versus 1A0A1 (n=38) had greater survival at 1 year (log-rank p<0.025). No significant association was noted for SP-A1 variants. Stratified adjusted survival models for 1-year survival and diagnosis showed a reduced survival for 1A1 variant and the 1A01A1 genotype. Furthermore, when survival was conditional on 1-year survival no significance was observed, indicating that the survival difference was due to the first year's outcome associated with the 1A1 variant. CONCLUSION Donor lung SP-A gene polymorphisms are associated with post-transplant clinical outcome. Lungs from donors with the SP-A2 variant 1A1 had a reduced survival at 1 year. The observed donor genetic differences, via innate immunity relate to the post-transplant clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D'Ovidio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Lederer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan L DiAngelo
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua R Sonett
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hillary Robbins
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lory Shah
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Costa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreacarola Urso
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Weisz J, Shearer D, Zhang X, Floros J. Using toponomics to characterize phenotypic diversity in alveolar macrophages from male mice treated with exogenous SP-A1. Biomark Res 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32082572 PMCID: PMC7020580 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We used the Toponome Imaging System (TIS) to identify “patterns of marker expression”, referred to here as combinatorial molecular phenotypes (CMPs) in alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to the innate immune molecule, SP-A1. Methods We compared 114 AM from male SP-A deficient mice. One group (n = 3) was treated with exogenous human surfactant protein A1 (hSP-A1) and the other with vehicle (n = 3). AM obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were plated onto slides and analyzed using TIS to study the AM toponome, the spatial network of proteins within intact cells. With TIS, each slide is sequentially immunostained with multiple FITC-conjugated antibodies. Images are analyzed pixel-by-pixel identifying all of the proteins within each pixel, which are then designated as CMPs. CMPs represent organized protein clusters postulated to contribute to specific functions. Results 1) We compared identical CMPs in KO and SP-A1 cells and found them to differ significantly (p = 0.0007). Similarities between pairs of markers in the two populations also differed significantly (p < 0.0001). 2) Focusing on the 20 most abundant CMPs for each cell, we developed a method to generate CMP “signatures” that characterized various groups of cells. Phenotypes were defined as cells exhibiting similar signatures of CMPs. i) AM were extremely diverse and each group contained cells with multiple phenotypes. ii) Among the 114 AM analyzed, no two cells were identical. iii) However, CMP signatures could distinguish among cell subpopulations within and between groups. iv) Some cell populations were enriched with SP-A1 treatment, some were more common without SP-A1, and some seemed not to be influenced by the presence of SP-A1. v) We also found that AM were more diverse in mice treated with SP-A1 compared to those treated with vehicle. Conclusions AM diversity is far more extensive than originally thought. The increased diversity of SP-A1-treated mice points to the possibility that SP-A1 enhances or activates several pathways in the AM to better prepare it for its innate immune functions and other functions shown previously to be affected by SP-A treatment. Future studies may identify key protein(s) responsible for CMP integrity and consequently for a given function, and target it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- 2Public Health Sciences; and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Judith Weisz
- 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.,3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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22
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Nalian A, Umstead TM, Yang CH, Silveyra P, Thomas NJ, Floros J, McCormack FX, Chroneos ZC. Structural and Functional Determinants of Rodent and Human Surfactant Protein A: A Synthesis of Binding and Computational Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2613. [PMID: 31781112 PMCID: PMC6856657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) provides surfactant stability, first line host defense, and lung homeostasis by binding surfactant phospholipids, pathogens, alveolar macrophages (AMs), and epithelial cells. Non-primates express one SP-A protein whereas humans express two: SP-A1 and SP-A2 with core intra- and inter-species differences in the collagen-like domain. Here, we used macrophages and solid phase binding assays to discern structural correlates of rat (r) and human (h) SP-A function. Binding assays using recombinant rSP-A expressed in insect cells showed that lack of proline hydroxylation, truncations of amino-terminal oligomerization domains, and site-directed serine (S) or alanine (A) mutagenesis of cysteine 6 (C6S), glutamate 195 (E195A), and glutamate 171 (E171A) in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) all impaired SP-A binding. Replacement of arginine 197 with alanine found in hSP-A (R197A), however, restored the binding of hydroxyproline-deficient rSP-A to the SP-A receptor SP-R210 similar to native rat and human SP-A. In silico calculation of Ca++ coordination bond length and solvent accessibility surface area revealed that the “humanized” R197A substitution alters topology and solvent accessibility of the Ca++ coordination residues of the CRD domain. Binding assays in mouse AMs that were exposed to either endogenous SP-A or hSP-A1 (6A2) and hSP-A2 (1A0) isoforms in vivo revealed that mouse SP-A is a functional hybrid of hSP-A1 and hSP-A2 in regulating SP-A receptor occupancy and binding affinity. Binding assays using neonatal and adult human AMs indicates that the interaction of SP-A1 and SP-A2 with AMs is developmentally regulated. Furthermore, our data indicate that the auxiliary ion coordination loop encompassing the conserved E171 residue may comprise a conserved site of interaction with macrophages, and SP-R210 specifically, that merits further investigation to discern conserved and divergent SP-A functions between species. In summary, our findings support the notion that complex structural adaptation of SP-A regulate conserved and species specific AM functions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nalian
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States.,The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ching-Hui Yang
- The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Center of Host Defense and Inflammatory Disease Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- The Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and PennState Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States
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23
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Thorenoor N, Kawasawa YI, Gandhi CK, Zhang X, Floros J. Differential Impact of Co-expressed SP-A1/SP-A2 Protein on AM miRNome; Sex Differences. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1960. [PMID: 31475015 PMCID: PMC6707024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans there are two surfactant protein A (SP-A) functional genes SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 encoding innate immune molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2, respectively, with numerous genetic variants each. SP-A interacts and regulates many of the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM). It is shown that SP-A variants differ in their ability to regulate the AM miRNome in response to oxidative stress (OxS). Because humans have both SP-A gene products, we were interested to determine the combined effect of co-expressed SP-A1/SP-A2 (co-ex) in response to ozone (O3) induced OxS on AM miRNome. Human transgenic (hTG) mice, carrying both SP-A1/SP-A2 (6A2/1A0, co-ex) and SP-A- KO were utilized. The hTG and KO mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or O3 and miRNA levels were measured after AM isolation with or without normalization to KO. We found: (i) The AM miRNome of co-ex males and females in response to OxS to be largely downregulated after normalization to KO, but after Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis only in females the AM miRNome remained significantly different compared to control (FA); (ii) The targets of the significantly changed miRNAs were downregulated in females and upregulated in males; (iii) Several of the validated mRNA targets were involved in pro-inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation; (iv) The AM of SP-A2 male, shown, previously to have major effect on the male AM miRNome in response to OxS, shared similarities with the co-ex, namely in pathways involved in the pro-inflammatory response and anti-apoptosis but also exhibited differences with the cell-cycle, growth, and proliferation pathway being involved in co-ex and ROS homeostasis in SP-A2 male. We speculate that the presence of both gene products vs. single gene products differentially impact the AM responses in males and females in response to OxS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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24
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Noutsios GT, Thorenoor N, Zhang X, Phelps DS, Umstead TM, Durrani F, Floros J. Major Effect of Oxidative Stress on the Male, but Not Female, SP-A1 Type II Cell miRNome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1514. [PMID: 31354704 PMCID: PMC6635478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in surfactant metabolism and lung innate immunity. In humans there are two proteins, SP-A1 and SP-A2, encoded by SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, respectively, which are produced by the alveolar type II cells (T2C). We sought to investigate the differential influence of SP-A1 and SP-A2 in T2C miRNome under oxidative stress (OxS). SP-A knock out (KO) and hTG male and female mice expressing SP-A1 or SP-A2 as well as gonadectomized (Gx) mice were exposed to O3-induced oxidative stress (OxS) or filtered air (FA). Expression of miRNAs and mRNAs was measured in the T2C of experimental animals. (a) In SP-A1 males after normalizing to KO males, significant changes were observed in the miRNome in terms of sex-OxS effects, with 24 miRNAs being differentially expressed under OxS. (b) The mRNA targets of the dysregulated miRNAs included Ago2, Ddx20, Plcg2, Irs1, Elf2, Jak2, Map2k4, Bcl2, Ccnd1, and Vhl. We validated the expression levels of these transcripts, and observed that the mRNA levels of all of these targets were unaffected in SP-A1 T2C but six of these were significantly upregulated in the KO (except Bcl2 that was downregulated). (c) Gondadectomy had a major effect on the expression of miRNAs and in three of the mRNA targets (Irs1, Bcl2, and Vhl). Ccnd1 was upregulated in KO regardless of Gx. (d) The targets of the significantly changed miRNAs are involved in several pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, cell cycle, anti-apoptosis, and other. In conclusion, in response to OxS, SP-A1 and male hormones appear to have a major effect in the T2C miRNome.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Noutsios
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David S Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Faryal Durrani
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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25
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Floros J, D'Ovidio F. Surfactant protein A and D personalized medicine: A healthy day at the SP-A. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:e425. [PMID: 30961981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD), Research Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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26
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Wang G, Umstead TM, Hu S, Mikerov AN, Phelps DS, Floros J. Differential Effects of Human SP-A1 and SP-A2 on the BAL Proteome and Signaling Pathways in Response to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Ozone Exposure. Front Immunol 2019; 10:561. [PMID: 30972061 PMCID: PMC6443908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays critical roles in host defense, regulation of inflammation and surfactant metabolism in the lung. The human SP-A locus consists of two functional genes, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 encoding surfactant proteins SP-A1 and SP-A2, respectively. Structural and functional differences exist between SP-A1 and SP-A2 in vitro and in vivo. Ozone is a major air pollutant with a negative impact on many biological processes. In this study we used humanized transgenic (hTG) SP-A1 and SP-A2 mice, and SP-A KO mice to study in vivo effects of SP-A1 and SP-A2 on the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteomic profile and associated signaling pathways in response to ozone or filtered air (FA) exposure and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. The BAL samples were harvested 24 h after ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) or FA exposure and infection and analyzed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and MALDI-ToF/ToF. We found: that (1) Ozone exposure, but not infection, is a major factor for increases in total BAL protein content. (2) A total of 36 proteins were identified, accounting for 89.62% of the BAL proteins resolved by the 2D-DIGE system. (3) The number of proteins in which levels were altered more than 25% following infection and FA exposure was: SP-A2 > SP-A1 > KO for male mice, and SP-A2 ≈ SP-A1 > KO for female mice. (4) The number of proteins with more than 25% increase/decrease after ozone exposure and infection was: SP-A2 > SP-A1 ≈ KO, with the majority being increases in male mice and decreases in female mice. (5) Eleven out of the 36 proteins, including annexin A5, glutathione S-transferase A4, SP-A1/SP-A2, and 14-3-3 zeta protein, exhibited significant differences among SP-A genotypes. The acute phase response (APR) that includes the NF-kB signaling pathway plays a critical role, followed by Nrf2-mediated oxidative response, and others. These associated with SP-A genotype, sex, and ozone-induced oxidative stress in response to infection. We concluded that human SP-A2 and SP-A1 exhibit differential genotype-and sex-dependent innate immune responses to microbial pathogens and/or ozone-induced oxidative stress by modulating proteomic patterns and signaling pathways in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Anatoly N Mikerov
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David S Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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27
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Surfactant protein A and D polymorphisms and methylprednisolone pharmacogenetics in donor lungs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:2109-2117. [PMID: 30827536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surfactant proteins A and D are important molecules involved in lung allograft innate immunity. Genetic polymorphisms of surfactant proteins A and D are associated with various lung diseases. In this study, surfactant protein A and D expression responses were investigated during pharmacogenetics upon methylprednisolone treatment as observed during lung transplantation. METHODS A human cell line (NCI-H441) and precision-cut lung slices from 16 human donors were incubated with methylprednisolone, and surfactant protein A1, surfactant protein A2, and surfactant protein D messenger RNA and surfactant protein A protein expression were assayed. Surfactant protein A1, A2, and D polymorphisms and surfactant protein A gene and protein expressions were determined. RESULTS In NCI-H441 cells, methylprednisolone treatment at 10-5 M and 10-6 M reduced surfactant protein A1 and surfactant protein A2 messenger RNA and surfactant protein A protein expression (P < .05). A pharmacogenetic relationship was observed in human donor precision-cut lung slices between the surfactant protein A2 (1Ax) variants: Surfactant protein A1, A2, and D messenger RNA expression were greater for 1A0 versus 1A1 (P < .05); surfactant protein A1/surfactant protein A2 genotype 6A26A2/1A01A0 (n = 5) showed greater surfactant protein A1, A2, and D messenger RNA expression and surfactant protein A protein expression compared with the other surfactant protein A1/surfactant protein A2 genotypes (n = 11) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The surfactant protein A genotype and methylprednisolone stimuli influence donor lung surfactant protein A and D expression. Lungs carrying the surfactant protein A2 variant 1A0 have a greater expression of surfactant protein A when treated with methylprednisolone. Surfactant protein A polymorphisms could be used to personalize immunosuppressive regimens.
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