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Ngo C, Garrec C, Tomasello E, Dalod M. The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5. [PMID: 38777879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are essential for antiviral immunity and act through two different but complimentary pathways. First, IFNs activate intracellular antimicrobial programs by triggering the upregulation of a broad repertoire of viral restriction factors. Second, IFNs activate innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of IFN production can lead to severe immune system dysfunction. It is thus crucial to identify and characterize the cellular sources of IFNs, their effects, and their regulation to promote their beneficial effects and limit their detrimental effects, which can depend on the nature of the infected or diseased tissues, as we will discuss. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can produce large amounts of all IFN subtypes during viral infection. pDCs are resistant to infection by many different viruses, thus inhibiting the immune evasion mechanisms of viruses that target IFN production or their downstream responses. Therefore, pDCs are considered essential for the control of viral infections and the establishment of protective immunity. A thorough bibliographical survey showed that, in most viral infections, despite being major IFN producers, pDCs are actually dispensable for host resistance, which is achieved by multiple IFN sources depending on the tissue. Moreover, primary innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are only transiently affected in the absence of pDCs. More surprisingly, pDCs and their IFNs can be detrimental in some viral infections or autoimmune diseases. This makes the conservation of pDCs during vertebrate evolution an enigma and thus raises outstanding questions about their role not only in viral infections but also in other diseases and under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ngo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Garrec
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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Guo X, He C, Xin S, Gao H, Wang B, Liu X, Zhang S, Gong F, Yu X, Pan L, Sun F, Xu J. Current perspective on biological properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and dysfunction in gut. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1005. [PMID: 37773693 PMCID: PMC10510335 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a subtype of DC, possess unique developmental, morphological, and functional traits that have sparked much debate over the years whether they should be categorized as DCs. The digestive system has the greatest mucosal tissue overall, and the pDC therein is responsible for shaping the adaptive and innate immunity of the gastrointestinal tract, resisting pathogen invasion through generating type I interferons, presenting antigens, and participating in immunological responses. Therefore, its alleged importance in the gut has received a lot of attention in recent years, and a fresh functional overview is still required. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mouse and human pDCs, ranging from their formation and different qualities compared with related cell types to their functional characteristics in intestinal disorders, including colon cancer, infections, autoimmune diseases, and intestinal graft-versus-host disease. The purpose of this review is to convey our insights, demonstrate the limits of existing research, and lay a theoretical foundation for the rational development and use of pDCs in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing An Zhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Boya Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fengrong Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Luming Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, Sánchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Innate Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021526. [PMID: 36675038 PMCID: PMC9863490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation with no exact known cause. Intestinal innate immunity is enacted by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), and innate lymphoid cells and NK cells, characterized by their capacity to produce a rapid and nonspecific reaction as a first-line response. Innate immune cells (IIC) defend against pathogens and excessive entry of intestinal microorganisms, while preserving immune tolerance to resident intestinal microbiota. Changes to this equilibrium are linked to intestinal inflammation in the gut and IBD. IICs mediate host defense responses, inflammation, and tissue healing by producing cytokines and chemokines, activating the complement cascade and phagocytosis, or presenting antigens to activate the adaptive immune response. IICs exert important functions that promote or ameliorate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie and sustain IBD. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations will be important for developing therapies targeting the innate immune system in IBD patients. This review examines the complex roles of and interactions among IICs, and their interactions with other immune and non-immune cells in homeostasis and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Sánchez-Martinez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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Zhang T, Peng H, Li Y, Zhou X, Pu W, Zhang Y, Du Z, Wei F, Li S, Zhou Q. Indirubin regulates T cell differentiation by promoting αVβ8 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease. Phytother Res 2023; 37:89-100. [PMID: 36161389 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a disease that can invade the whole digestive tract and is accompanied by immune abnormalities. Immune dysfunction involving dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is recognized as a key factor in diseases. Indirubin (IDRB) exerts antiinflammatory effects and can help in treating immune diseases. This study aimed to isolate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to obtain mature DCs (mDCs). The expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected using flow cytometry after treatment with IDRB. αVβ8 siRNA was used to knock down αVβ8 in mDCs, and the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected. Meanwhile, DCs were co-cultured with T cells. Then, T cell differentiation was detected using flow cytometry, and the cytokine levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease was established in mice. After intervention with IDRB and αVβ8 shRNA, the intestinal tissues were evaluated using H&E staining, disease activity index (DAI) score, and histological damage index, and the corresponding factors and cytokines to regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 were measured. The results showed that αVβ8 was expressed in immature DCs and mDCs. CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II expression decreased after IDRB treatment in mDCs. Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β also decreased after IDRB treatment. The effect of IDRB on the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II, TNF-α, and TGF-β in mDCs was reversed by αVβ8 siRNA. The Treg differentiation increased after IDRB treatment, while the differentiation of Th17 cells was inhibited. This effect of IDRB was reversed by mDCs after treatment with αVβ8 siRNA. In vivo experiments showed that IDRB alleviated the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in animals. Enteritis significantly reduced, and the effect of IDRB was reversed by αVβ8 shRNA. The results suggested that IDRB regulated the differentiation of T cells by mediating the maturation of BMDCs through αVβ8. This study confirmed the therapeutic effect of IDRB in inflammatory bowel disease and suggested that IDRB might serve as a potential drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenfeng Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuxia Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Probiotic-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: A Novel Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158274. [PMID: 34361038 PMCID: PMC8348973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are immune-mediated, chronic relapsing diseases with a rising prevalence worldwide in both adult and pediatric populations. Treatment options for immune-mediated diseases, including IBDs, are traditional steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, none of which are capable of inducing long-lasting remission in all patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in inducing tolerance and regulating T cells and their tolerogenic functions. Hence, modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity by DCs could provide a novel, additional tool for the treatment of IBD. Recent evidence indicates that probiotic bacteria might impact immunomodulation both in vitro and in vivo by regulating DCs’ maturation and producing tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) which, in turn, might dampen inflammation. In this review, we will discuss this evidence and the mechanisms of action of probiotics and their metabolites in inducing tolDCs in IBDs and some conditions associated with them.
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Suppression of plasmacytoid dendritic cell migration to colonic isolated lymphoid follicles abrogates the development of colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111881. [PMID: 34246191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immunological homeostasis by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses via migration to inflamed sites and the lymph nodes (LNs). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have been reported to accumulate in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. However, the role of pDCs in the progression of colonic inflammation remains unclear. METHODS 80 compounds in natural medicines were searched for inhibitors of pDC migration using bone marrow-derived pDCs (BMpDCs) and conventional DCs (BMcDCs). BALB/c mice were given 3% DSS in the drinking water to induce acute colitis. Compounds, which specifically inhibited pDC migration, were administrated into DSS-induced colitis mice. FINDINGS Astragaloside IV (As-IV) and oxymatrine (Oxy) suppressed BMpDC migration but not BMcDC migration. In DSS-induced colitis mice, the number of pDCs was markedly increased in the colonic lamina propria (LP), and the expression of CCL21 was obviously observed in colonic isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). As-IV and Oxy reduced symptoms of colitis and the accumulation of pDCs in colonic ILFs but not in the colonic LP. Moreover, in a BMpDC adoptive transfer model, BMpDC migration to colonic ILFs was significantly decreased by treatment with As-IV or Oxy. INTERPRETATION pDCs accumulated in the colon of colitis mice, and As-IV and Oxy ameliorated colitis by suppressing pDC migration to colonic ILFs. Accordingly, the selective inhibition of pDC migration may be a potential therapeutic approach for treating colonic inflammatory diseases.
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Yang ZJ, Wang BY, Wang TT, Wang FF, Guo YX, Hua RX, Shang HW, Lu X, Xu JD. Functions of Dendritic Cells and Its Association with Intestinal Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030583. [PMID: 33800865 PMCID: PMC7999753 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), serve as the sentinel cells of the immune system and are responsible for presenting antigen information. Moreover, the role of DCs derived from monocytes (moDCs) in the development of inflammation has been emphasized. Several studies have shown that the function of DCs can be influenced by gut microbes including gut bacteria and viruses. Abnormal changes/reactions in intestinal DCs are potentially associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal tumors, allowing DCs to be a new target for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we summarized the physiological functions of DCs in the intestinal micro-environment, their regulatory relationship with intestinal microorganisms and their regulatory mechanism in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Yang
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Years Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Yue-Xin Guo
- Oral Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Morphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (H.-W.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Lu
- Morphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (H.-W.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Correspondence:
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Gu BH, Kim M, Yun CH. Regulation of Gastrointestinal Immunity by Metabolites. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010167. [PMID: 33430497 PMCID: PMC7826526 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract contains multiple types of immune cells that maintain the balance between tolerance and activation at the first line of host defense facing non-self antigens, including dietary antigens, commensal bacteria, and sometimes unexpected pathogens. The maintenance of homeostasis at the gastrointestinal tract requires stringent regulation of immune responses against various environmental conditions. Dietary components can be converted into gut metabolites with unique functional activities through host as well as microbial enzymatic activities. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that gastrointestinal metabolites have significant impacts on the regulation of intestinal immunity and are further integrated into the immune response of distal mucosal tissue. Metabolites, especially those derived from the microbiota, regulate immune cell functions in various ways, including the recognition and activation of cell surface receptors, the control of gene expression by epigenetic regulation, and the integration of cellular metabolism. These mucosal immune regulations are key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the role of gut metabolites in the regulation of gastrointestinal immunity, highlighting the cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms by macronutrient-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
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Soni C, Perez OA, Voss WN, Pucella JN, Serpas L, Mehl J, Ching KL, Goike J, Georgiou G, Ippolito GC, Sisirak V, Reizis B. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Type I Interferon Promote Extrafollicular B Cell Responses to Extracellular Self-DNA. Immunity 2020; 52:1022-1038.e7. [PMID: 32454024 PMCID: PMC7306002 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Class-switched antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are prevalent and pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet mechanisms of their development remain poorly understood. Humans and mice lacking secreted DNase DNASE1L3 develop rapid anti-dsDNA antibody responses and SLE-like disease. We report that anti-DNA responses in Dnase1l3-/- mice require CD40L-mediated T cell help, but proceed independently of germinal center formation via short-lived antibody-forming cells (AFCs) localized to extrafollicular regions. Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and IFN-I-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) facilitate the differentiation of DNA-reactive AFCs in vivo and in vitro and are required for downstream manifestations of autoimmunity. Moreover, the endosomal DNA sensor TLR9 promotes anti-dsDNA responses and SLE-like disease in Dnase1l3-/- mice redundantly with another nucleic acid-sensing receptor, TLR7. These results establish extrafollicular B cell differentiation into short-lived AFCs as a key mechanism of anti-DNA autoreactivity and reveal a major contribution of pDCs, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and IFN-I to this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William N Voss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joseph N Pucella
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lee Serpas
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justin Mehl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Krystal L Ching
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jule Goike
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpt, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Ye Y, Gaugler B, Mohty M, Malard F. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell biology and its role in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1139. [PMID: 32489664 PMCID: PMC7248678 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of dendritic cells specialised in secreting high levels of type I interferons. pDCs play a crucial role in antiviral immunity and have been implicated in the initiation and development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review summarises the latest advances in recent years in several aspects of pDC biology, with special focus on pDC heterogeneity, pDC development via the lymphoid pathway, and newly identified proteins/pathways involved in pDC trafficking, nucleic acid sensing and interferon production. Finally, we also highlight the current understanding of pDC involvement in autoimmunity and alloreactivity, and opportunities for pDC‐targeting therapies in these diseases. These new insights have contributed to answers to several fundamental questions remaining in pDC biology and may pave the way to successful pDC‐targeting therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ye
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Florent Malard
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) Sorbonne Université Paris France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Sorbonne Université Paris France
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11
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Hua X, Hu G, Hu Q, Chang Y, Hu Y, Gao L, Chen X, Yang PC, Zhang Y, Li M, Song J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Dissect the Immunological Network of Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circulation 2020; 142:384-400. [PMID: 32431172 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis can develop into dilated cardiomyopathy, which may require heart transplantation. The immunological network of myocarditis phases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immunological network during the transition from myocarditis to cardiomyopathy and to identify the genes contributing to the inflammatory response to myocarditis. METHODS Mice were treated with myosin heavy chain-α peptides to generate an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of Cd45+ cells extracted from mouse hearts during different EAM phases, including normal control, acute inflammatory, subacute inflammatory, and myopathy phases. Human heart tissues were collected from the surgically removed hearts of patients who had undergone heart transplantation. RESULTS We identified 26 cell subtypes among 34 665 cells. Macrophages constituted the main immune cell population at all disease phases (>60%), and an inflammation-associated macrophage cluster was identified in which the expression of Hif1a-regulated genes was upregulated. The neutrophil population was increased after the induction of EAM, and neutrophils then released Il-1 to participate in the EAM process. T cells were observed at the highest percentage at the subacute inflammatory phase. T-helper 17 cells, in which the expression of Hif1a-regulated genes was upregulated, constituted the main T-cell population detected at the acute inflammatory phase, whereas regulatory T cells were the main T-cell population detected at the subacute inflammatory phase, and γδ T cells releasing Il-17 were the main T-cell population observed at the myopathy phase. Moreover, the Hif1a expression level correlated with the extent of inflammation. In addition, PX-478 could alleviate the inflammatory responses of the different EAM phases. Last, HIF1A was expressed at higher levels in patients with acute autoimmune myocarditis than in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS We present here a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the cardiac immune cells in different EAM phases. In addition, we elucidate the contribution of Hif1a to the inflammatory response through the regulation of immune cell activity, particularly of macrophage cluster 2 and T-helper 17 cells. Moreover, an Hif1a inhibitor alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration of the EAM model and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumeng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Key Laboratory for Medical Data Analysis and Statistical Research of Tianjin, Nankai University, China (G.H.)
| | - Qingtao Hu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.).,Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (Y.C.)
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.).,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Linlin Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China (P.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.).,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.L.)
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
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12
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A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7247238. [PMID: 31886308 PMCID: PMC6914932 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7247238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory disease of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to great advances in the treatment as well as diagnosis of IBD. In this review, we have systemically reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD and highlighted recent advances in host genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors and, especially, in abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses and their interactions, which may hold the keys to identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers and develop new therapies.
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13
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Liu H, Dasgupta S, Fu Y, Bailey B, Roy C, Lightcap E, Faustin B. Subsets of mononuclear phagocytes are enriched in the inflamed colons of patients with IBD. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:42. [PMID: 31718550 PMCID: PMC6852755 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, which include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), play vital roles in innate immunity, and in the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immunity. While T cell-associated activation pathways and cytokines have been identified and evaluated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (Neurath, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:269-78, 1989), the role of mononuclear phagocytes are less understood. Recent reports support the crucial role of DC subsets in the development of acute colitis models (Arimura et al., Mucosal Immunol 10:957-70, 2017), and suggest they may contribute to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) by inducing Th1/Th2/Th17 responses (Matsuno et al., Inflamm Bowel Dis 23:1524-34, 2017). RESULTS We performed in silico analysis and evaluated the enrichment of immune cells, with a focus on mononuclear phagocytes in IBD patient colonic biopsies. Samples were from different gut locations, with different levels of disease severity, and with treatment response to current therapies. We observe enrichment of monocytes, M1 macrophages, activated DCs (aDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in inflamed tissues from various gut locations. This enrichment correlates with disease severity. Additionally, the same mononuclear phagocytes subsets are among the top enriched cell types in both infliximab and vedolizumab treatment non-responder samples. We further investigated the enrichment of selected DC and monocyte subsets based on gene signatures derived from a DC- and monocyte-focused single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) study (Villani et al., Science 356:eaah4573, 2017), and verified enrichment in both inflamed tissues and those with treatment resistance. Moreover, we validated an increased mononuclear phagocyte subset abundance in a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) induced colitis model in C57Bl/6 mice representative of chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We conducted an extensive analysis of immune cell populations in IBD patient colonic samples and identified enriched subsets of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells in inflamed tissues. Understanding how they interact with other immune cells and other cells in the colonic microenvironment such as epithelial and stromal cells will help us to delineate disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Immune-Oncology DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Yu Fu
- Immune-Oncology DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandi Bailey
- Immunology Unit, Takeda California Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christian Roy
- Immune-Oncology DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lightcap
- Immune-Oncology DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- CNRS, UMR 5164, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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Won HY, Lee JY, Ryu D, Kim HT, Chang SY. The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gut Health. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e6. [PMID: 30838161 PMCID: PMC6399095 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of cells with different functional characteristics compared to classical dendritic cells. The pDCs are critical for the production of type I IFN in response to microbial and self-nucleic acids. They have an important role for host defense against viral pathogen infections. In addition, pDCs have been well studied as a critical player for breaking tolerance to self-nucleic acids that induce autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. However, pDCs have an immunoregulatory role in inducing the immune tolerance by generating Tregs and various regulatory mechanisms in mucosal tissues. Here, we summarize the recent studies of pDCs that focused on the functional characteristics of gut pDCs, including interactions with other immune cells in the gut. Furthermore, the dynamic role of gut pDCs will be investigated with respect to disease status including gut infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Won
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Dahye Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hyung-Taek Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
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15
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Reizis B. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Development, Regulation, and Function. Immunity 2019; 50:37-50. [PMID: 30650380 PMCID: PMC6342491 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon. This review summarizes our current understanding of pDC biology, including transcriptional regulation, heterogeneity, role in antiviral immune responses, and involvement in immune pathology, particularly in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer. We also highlight the remaining gaps in our knowledge and important questions for the field, such as the molecular basis of unique interferon-producing capacity of pDCs. A better understanding of cell type-specific positive and negative control of pDC function should pave the way for translational applications focused on this immune cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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