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Ribeiro KS, Karmakar E, Park C, Garg R, Kung GP, Kadakia I, Gopianand JS, Arun T, Kisselev O, Gnana-Prakasam JP. Iron Regulates Cellular Proliferation by Enhancing the Expression of Glucose Transporter GLUT3 in the Liver. Cells 2024; 13:1147. [PMID: 38994998 PMCID: PMC11240476 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is often accumulated in the liver during pathological conditions such as cirrhosis and cancer. Elevated expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 is associated with reduced overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is not known whether iron can regulate glucose transporters and contribute to tumor proliferation. In the present study, we found that treatment of human liver cell line HepG2 with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) resulted in a significant upregulation of GLUT3 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, iron accumulation in mice fed with high dietary iron as well as in mice injected intraperitoneally with iron dextran enhanced the GLUT3 expression drastically in the liver. We demonstrated that iron-induced hepatic GLUT3 upregulation is mediated by the LKB1/AMPK/CREB1 pathway, and this activation was reversed when treated with iron chelator deferiprone. In addition, inhibition of GLUT3 using siRNA prevented iron-mediated increase in the expression of cell cycle markers and cellular hyperproliferation. Furthermore, exogenous sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate treatment prevented iron-mediated hepatic GLUT3 activation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results underscore the importance of iron, AMPK, CREB1 and GLUT3 pathways in cell proliferation and highlight the therapeutic potential of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate in hepatocellular carcinoma with high GLUT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleber S Ribeiro
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Eshani Karmakar
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Christine Park
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Richa Garg
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - George P Kung
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Isha Kadakia
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - Tejas Arun
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Oleg Kisselev
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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2
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Woodward B, Hillyer LM, Monk JM. The Tolerance Model of Non-Inflammatory Immune Competence in Acute Pediatric Malnutrition: Origins, Evidence, Test of Fitness and Growth Potential. Nutrients 2023; 15:4922. [PMID: 38068780 PMCID: PMC10707886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tolerance model rests on the thesis of a physiologically regulated, albeit unsustainable, systemic attempt to adapt to the catabolic challenge posed by acute prepubescent malnutrition even in its severe forms. The model centers on the immunological component of the attempt, positing reorientation toward a non-inflammatory form of competence in place of the classic paradigm of immunological attrition and exhaustion. The foundation of the model was laid in 1990, and sixteen years later it was articulated formally on the basis of a body of evidence centered on T cell cytokines and interventions with cytokine and hormonal mediators. The benefit originally suggested was a reduced risk of autoimmune pathologies consequent to the catabolic release of self-antigens, hence the designation highlighting immune tolerance. Herein, the emergence of the tolerance model is traced from its roots in the recognition that acute malnutrition elicits an endocrine-based systemic adaptive attempt. Thereafter, the growth of the evidence base supporting the model is outlined, and its potential to shed new light on existing information is tested by application to the findings of a published clinical study of acutely malnourished children. Finally, some knowledge gaps pertinent to the model are identified and its potential for growth consonant with evolving perceptions of immunobiology is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Woodward
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.M.H.); (J.M.M.)
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Asantewaa G, Anabire NG, Bauer M, Weis S, Neugebauer S, Quaye O, Helegbe GK. Serum Metabolome Signatures Characterizing Co-Infection of Plasmodium falciparum and HBV in Pregnant Women. Diseases 2023; 11:94. [PMID: 37489446 PMCID: PMC10366841 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is on the rise among pregnant women in northern Ghana. Mono-infection with either of these two pathogens results in unique metabolic alterations. Thus, we aimed to explicate the effects of this co-infection on the metabolome signatures of pregnant women, which would indicate the impacted metabolic pathways and provide useful prognostic or diagnostic markers. Using an MS/MS-based targeted metabolomic approach, we determined the serum metabolome in pregnant women with P. falciparum mono-infection, HBV mono-infection, P. falciparum, and HBV co-infection and in uninfected (control) women. We observed significantly decreased sphingolipid concentrations in subjects with P. falciparum mono-infection, whereas amino acids and phospholipids were decreased in subjects with HBV mono-infection. Co-infections were found to be characterized distinctively by reduced concentrations of phospholipids and hexoses (mostly glucose) as well as altered pathways that contribute to redox homeostasis. Overall, PC ae C40:1 was found to be a good discriminatory metabolite for the co-infection group. PC ae C40:1 can further be explored for use in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria and chronic hepatitis B co-morbidity as well as to distinguish co-infections from cases of mono-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Nsoh Godwin Anabire
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology and Natural Product Research, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Gideon Kofi Helegbe
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
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Cerasuolo M, Di Meo I, Auriemma MC, Trojsi F, Maiorino MI, Cirillo M, Esposito F, Polito R, Colangelo AM, Paolisso G, Papa M, Rizzo MR. Iron and Ferroptosis More than a Suspect: Beyond the Most Common Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutic Approaches to Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9637. [PMID: 37298586 PMCID: PMC10253771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a multifactorial process that involves multiple mechanisms. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases are Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These are progressive and irreversible pathologies, characterized by neuron vulnerability, loss of structure or function of neurons, and even neuron demise in the brain, leading to clinical, functional, and cognitive dysfunction and movement disorders. However, iron overload can cause neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of iron metabolism associated with cellular damage and oxidative stress is reported as a common event in several neurodegenerative diseases. Uncontrolled oxidation of membrane fatty acids triggers a programmed cell death involving iron, ROS, and ferroptosis, promoting cell death. In Alzheimer's disease, the iron content in the brain is significantly increased in vulnerable regions, resulting in a lack of antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial alterations. Iron interacts with glucose metabolism reciprocally. Overall, iron metabolism and accumulation and ferroptosis play a significant role, particularly in the context of diabetes-induced cognitive decline. Iron chelators improve cognitive performance, meaning that brain iron metabolism control reduces neuronal ferroptosis, promising a novel therapeutic approach to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cerasuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Irene Di Meo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Auriemma
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience “R. Levi-Montalcini”, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.M.); (M.C.A.); (F.T.); (M.I.M.); (M.C.); (F.E.); (G.P.)
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5
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Ribeiro V, Martins SG, Lopes AS, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Zilhão R, Carlos AR. NFIXing Cancer: The Role of NFIX in Oxidative Stress Response and Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054293. [PMID: 36901722 PMCID: PMC10001739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NFIX, a member of the nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors, is known to be involved in muscle and central nervous system embryonic development. However, its expression in adults is limited. Similar to other developmental transcription factors, NFIX has been found to be altered in tumors, often promoting pro-tumorigenic functions, such as leading to proliferation, differentiation, and migration. However, some studies suggest that NFIX can also have a tumor suppressor role, indicating a complex and cancer-type dependent role of NFIX. This complexity may be linked to the multiple processes at play in regulating NFIX, which include transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes. Moreover, other features of NFIX, including its ability to interact with different NFI members to form homodimers or heterodimers, therefore allowing the transcription of different target genes, and its ability to sense oxidative stress, can also modulate its function. In this review, we examine different aspects of NFIX regulation, first in development and then in cancer, highlighting the important role of NFIX in oxidative stress and cell fate regulation in tumors. Moreover, we propose different mechanisms through which oxidative stress regulates NFIX transcription and function, underlining NFIX as a key factor for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ribeiro
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana G. Martins
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lopes
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), 1449-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Zilhão
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- cE3c-CHANGE, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Murphy RD, James KM, Ippolito JR, Barney DE, Miller KM, Murphy NE, Gwin JA, Pasiakos SM, McClung JP, Margolis LM, Hennigar SR. Mild to Moderate Food Deprivation Increases Hepcidin and Results in Hypoferremia and Tissue Iron Sequestration in Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:2198-2208. [PMID: 35906187 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term starvation and severe food deprivation (FD) reduce dietary iron absorption and restricts iron to tissues, thereby limiting the amount of iron available for erythropoiesis. These effects may be mediated by increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin; however, whether mild to moderate FD has similar effects on hepcidin and iron homeostasis is not known. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of varying magnitudes and durations of FD on hepcidin and indicators of iron status in male and female mice. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice (14 wk old; n = 170) were randomly assigned to consume AIN-93M diets ad libitum (AL) or varying magnitudes of FD (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100%). FD was based on the average amount of food consumed by the AL males or females, and food was split into morning and evening meals. Mice were euthanized at 48 h and 1, 2, and 3 wk, and hepcidin and indicators of iron status were measured. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Liver hepcidin mRNA was positively correlated with the magnitude of FD at all time points (P < 0.05). At 3 wk, liver hepcidin mRNA increased 3-fold with 10% and 20% FD compared with AL and was positively associated with serum hepcidin (R = 0.627, P < 0.0001). Serum iron was reduced by ∼65% (P ≤ 0.01), and liver nonheme iron concentrations were ∼75% greater (P ≤ 0.01) with 10% and 20% FD for 3 wk compared with AL. Liver hepcidin mRNA at 3 wk was positively correlated with liver Bmp6 (R = 0.765, P < 0.0001) and liver gluconeogenic enzymes (R = >0.667, P < 0.05) but not markers of inflammation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FD increases hepcidin in male and female mice and results in hypoferremia and tissue iron sequestration. These findings suggest that increased hepcidin with FD may contribute to the disturbances in iron homeostasis with undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Murphy
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kelsey M James
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James R Ippolito
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David E Barney
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katelyn M Miller
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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7
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Lai Y, Zhao S, Chen B, Huang Y, Guo C, Li M, Ye B, Wang S, Zhang H, Yang N. Iron controls T helper cell pathogenicity by promoting glucose metabolism in autoimmune myopathy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e999. [PMID: 35917405 PMCID: PMC9345506 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper cells in patients with autoimmune disease of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are characterized with the proinflammatory phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed for differential expression genes. Gene expression in CD4+ T-cells was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. CD4+ T-cells from IIM patients or healthy controls were evaluated for metabolic activities by Seahorse assay. Glucose uptake, T-cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated and measured by flow cytometry. Human CD4+ T-cells treated with iron chelators or Pfkfb4 siRNA were measured for glucose metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Signalling pathway activation was evaluated by western blot and flow cytometry. Mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) were induced and treated with iron chelator or rapamycin. CD4+ T-cell differentiation and muscle inflammation in the EAM mice were evaluated. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that iron was involved with glucose metabolism and CD4+ T-cell differentiation. IIM patient-derived CD4+ T-cells showed enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, which was inhibited by iron chelation. CD4+ T-cells from patients with IIM was proinflammatory and iron chelation suppressed the differentiation of interferon gamma (IFNγ)- and interleukin (IL)-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells, which resulted in an increased percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Mechanistically, iron promoted glucose metabolism by an upregulation of PFKFB4 through AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Notably, the knockdown of Pfkfb4 decreased glucose influx and thus suppressed the differentiation of IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells. In vivo, iron chelation inhibited mTOR signalling pathway and reduced PFKFB4 expression in CD4+ T-cells, resulting in reduced proinflammatory IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells and increased Foxp3+ Treg cells, leading to ameliorated muscle inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Iron directs CD4+ T-cells into a proinflammatory phenotype by enhancing glucose metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism should have the potential to normalize glucose metabolism in CD4+ T-cells and reverse their proinflammatory phenotype in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Lai
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Binfeng Chen
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baokui Ye
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Daniel AI, Umar MB, Tijani OJ, Muhammad R. Antidiabetic potentials of green-synthesized alpha iron oxide nanoparticles using stem extract of Securidaca longipedunculata. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections. Commun Biol 2022; 5:674. [PMID: 35798936 PMCID: PMC9262959 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection induces tissue damage including lymph node (LN) fibrosis and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption leading to bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Natural hosts of SIV, such as African Green Monkeys (AGM), do not display tissue damage despite high viral load in blood and intestinal mucosa. AGM mount a NK cell-mediated control of SIVagm replication in peripheral LN. We analyzed if NK cells also control SIVagm in mesenteric (mes) LN and if this has an impact on gut humoral responses and the production of IgA known for their anti-inflammatory role in the gut. We show that CXCR5 + NK cell frequencies increase in mesLN upon SIVagm infection and that NK cells migrate into and control viral replication in B cell follicles (BCF) of mesLN. The proportion of IgA+ memory B cells were increased in mesLN during SIVagm infection in contrast to SIVmac infection. Total IgA levels in gut remained normal during SIVagm infection, while strongly decreased in intestine of chronically SIVmac-infected macaques. Our data suggest an indirect impact of NK cell-mediated viral control in mesLN during SIVagm infection on preserved BCF function and IgA production in intestinal tissues. Differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections are investigated, in terms of NK cell location, function and IgA responses in gut associated lymphoid tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes, jejunum, ileon, colon).
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Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062890. [PMID: 33809200 PMCID: PMC8001015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients’ energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of “resistance” and “tolerance” typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to eliminate the cancer, tolerance mechanisms can utilize the symptoms of cachexia (anemia, anorexia, and fatigue) to counteract unregulated cancer growth. These notions are also sustained by the evidence that cancer cachexia may be reversible if the resistance and tolerance phases are supported by appropriate antineoplastic treatments. Accordingly, there is no doubt that anticachectic therapies have an irreplaceable role in cases of reversible cancer cachexia where, if harmoniously associated with effective antineoplastic therapies, they can contribute to preserve the quality of life and improve prognosis. Such anticachectic treatments should be based on targeting the complex immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in the complex pathogenesis of cachexia. Meanwhile, the role of the anticachectic therapies is very different in the stage of irreversible cachexia when the available antineoplastic treatments are not able to control the disease and the resistance mechanisms fail with the prevalence of the tolerance phenomena. At this stage, they can be useful only to improve the quality of life, allowing the patient and their family to get a better awareness of the final phases of life, thereby opening to the best spiritual remodulation of the final event, death.
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Bodhale N, Ohms M, Ferreira C, Mesquita I, Mukherjee A, André S, Sarkar A, Estaquier J, Laskay T, Saha B, Silvestre R. Cytokines and metabolic regulation: A framework of bidirectional influences affecting Leishmania infection. Cytokine 2020; 147:155267. [PMID: 32917471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania, a protozoan parasite inflicting the complex of diseases called Leishmaniases, resides and replicates as amastigotes within mammalian macrophages. As macrophages are metabolically highly active and can generate free radicals that can destroy this parasite, Leishmania also devise strategies to modulate the host cell metabolism. However, the metabolic changes can also be influenced by the anti-leishmanial immune response mediated by cytokines. This bidirectional, dynamic and complex metabolic coupling established between Leishmania and its host is the result of a long co-evolutionary process. Due to the continuous alterations imposed by the host microenvironment, such metabolic coupling continues to be dynamically regulated. The constant pursuit and competition for nutrients in the host-Leishmania duet alter the host metabolic pathways with major consequences for its nutritional reserves, eventually affecting the phenotype and functionality of the host cell. Altered phenotype and functions of macrophages are particularly relevant to immune cells, as perturbed metabolic fluxes can crucially affect the activation, differentiation, and functions of host immune cells. All these changes can deterministically direct the outcome of an infection. Cytokines and metabolic fluxes can bidirectionally influence each other through molecular sensors and regulators to dictate the final infection outcome. Our studies along with those from others have now identified the metabolic nodes that can be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Bodhale
- National Centre for Cell Science, 411007 Pune, India; Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search (JBNSTS), Kolkata 700107 India
| | - Mareike Ohms
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Sónia André
- INSERM U1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM U1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, 411007 Pune, India; Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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12
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González Plaza JJ. Small RNAs as Fundamental Players in the Transference of Information During Bacterial Infectious Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:101. [PMID: 32613006 PMCID: PMC7308464 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication shapes life on Earth. Transference of information has played a paramount role on the evolution of all living or extinct organisms since the appearance of life. Success or failure in this process will determine the prevalence or disappearance of a certain set of genes, the basis of Darwinian paradigm. Among different molecules used for transmission or reception of information, RNA plays a key role. For instance, the early precursors of life were information molecules based in primitive RNA forms. A growing field of research has focused on the contribution of small non-coding RNA forms due to its role on infectious diseases. These are short RNA species that carry out regulatory tasks in cis or trans. Small RNAs have shown their relevance in fine tuning the expression and activity of important regulators of essential genes for bacteria. Regulation of targets occurs through a plethora of mechanisms, including mRNA stabilization/destabilization, driving target mRNAs to degradation, or direct binding to regulatory proteins. Different studies have been conducted during the interplay of pathogenic bacteria with several hosts, including humans, animals, or plants. The sRNAs help the invader to quickly adapt to the change in environmental conditions when it enters in the host, or passes to a free state. The adaptation is achieved by direct targeting of the pathogen genes, or subversion of the host immune system. Pathogens trigger also an immune response in the host, which has been shown as well to be regulated by a wide range of sRNAs. This review focuses on the most recent host-pathogen interaction studies during bacterial infectious diseases, providing the perspective of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González Plaza
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Sustained Immunoparalysis in Endotoxin-Tolerized Monocytic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8294342. [PMID: 32617075 PMCID: PMC7306843 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction triggering a complex and prolonged immune response. Septic patients have been shown to develop sustained immunosuppression due to a reduced responsiveness of leukocytes to pathogens. Changes in cellular metabolism of leukocytes have been linked to this phenomenon and contribute to the ongoing immunological derangement. However, the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena are incompletely understood. In cell culture models, we mimicked LPS tolerance conditions to provide evidence that epigenetic modifications account for monocyte metabolic changes which cause immune paralysis in restimulated septic monocytes. In detail, we observed differential methylation of CpG sites related to metabolic activity in human PBMCs 18 h after septic challenge. The examination of changes in immune function and metabolic pathways was performed in LPS-tolerized monocytic THP-1 cells. Passaged THP-1 cells, inheriting initial LPS challenge, presented with dysregulation of cytokine expression and oxygen consumption for up to 7 days after the initial LPS treatment. Proinflammatory cytokine concentrations of TNFα and IL1β were significantly suppressed following a second LPS challenge (p < 0.001) on day 7 after first LPS stimulation. However, the analysis of cellular metabolism did not reveal any noteworthy alterations between tolerant and nontolerant THP-1 monocytes. No quantitative differences in ATP and NADH synthesis or participating enzymes of energy metabolism occurred. Our data demonstrate that the function and epigenetic modifications of septic and tolerized monocytes can be examined in vitro with the help of our LPS model. Changes in CpG site methylation and monocyte function point to a correlation between epigenetic modification in metabolic pathways and reduced monocyte function under postseptic conditions.
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Abstract
Intestinal iron homeostasis is like the Zhong-Yong in traditional Chinese culture, which is a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
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15
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Englert FA, Seidel RA, Galler K, Gouveia Z, Soares MP, Neugebauer U, Clemens MG, Sponholz C, Heinemann SH, Pohnert G, Bauer M, Weis S. Labile heme impairs hepatic microcirculation and promotes hepatic injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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Massaquoi MS, Guillemin K. Evolving in a Microbial Soup: You Are What They Eat. Dev Cell 2018; 47:682-683. [PMID: 30562507 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal and plant developmental programs are genetically encoded but shaped by evolutionary histories with microbes. Recently published work demonstrates how variation in host iron and glucose levels alters interactions with an enteric pathogen from deadly to benign, highlighting how bacteria impose constraints on tissue properties and their developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
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