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Kumaria A, Kirkman MA, Scott RA, Dow GR, Leggate AJ, Macarthur DC, Ingale HA, Smith SJ, Basu S. A Reappraisal of the Pathophysiology of Cushing Ulcer: A Narrative Review. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2024; 36:211-217. [PMID: 37188653 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In 1932, Harvey Cushing described peptic ulceration secondary to raised intracranial pressure and attributed this to vagal overactivity, causing excess gastric acid secretion. Cushing ulcer remains a cause of morbidity in patients, albeit one that is preventable. This narrative review evaluates the evidence pertaining to the pathophysiology of neurogenic peptic ulceration. Review of the literature suggests that the pathophysiology of Cushing ulcer may extend beyond vagal mechanisms for several reasons: (1) clinical and experimental studies have shown only a modest increase in gastric acid secretion in head-injured patients; (2) increased vagal tone is found in only a minority of cases of intracranial hypertension, most of which are related to catastrophic, nonsurvivable brain injury; (3) direct stimulation of the vagus nerve does not cause peptic ulceration, and; (4) Cushing ulcer can occur after acute ischemic stroke, but only a minority of strokes are associated with raised intracranial pressure and/or increased vagal tone. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Medicine honored the discovery that bacteria play key roles in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Brain injury results in widespread changes in the gut microbiome in addition to gastrointestinal inflammation, including systemic upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Alternations in the gut microbiome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury include colonization with commensal flora associated with peptic ulceration. The brain-gut-microbiome axis integrates the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the immune system. Following the review of the literature, we propose a novel hypothesis that neurogenic peptic ulcer may be associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, resulting in gastrointestinal inflammation leading to ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A Scott
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre
| | - Graham R Dow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre
| | | | | | | | - Stuart J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Surajit Basu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre
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Flinn H, Marshall A, Holcomb M, Cruz L, Soriano S, Treangen TJ, Villapol S. Antibiotic treatment induces microbiome dysbiosis and reduction of neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4475195. [PMID: 38946944 PMCID: PMC11213166 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4475195/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is linked to brain pathology in cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the specific bacteria that are implicated are not well characterized. To address this gap, in this study, we induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in male C57BL/6J mice using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model. After 35 days, we administered a broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) cocktail (ampicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole, vancomycin) through oral gavage for 2 days to diminish existing microbiota. Subsequently, we inflicted a second TBI on the mice and analyzed the neuropathological outcomes five days later. Results Longitudinal analysis of the microbiome showed significant shifts in the diversity and abundance of bacterial genera during both acute and chronic inflammation. These changes were particularly dramatic following treatment with ABX and after the second TBI. ABX treatment did not affect the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) but did alter intestinal morphology, characterized by reduced villus width and a lower count of goblet cells, suggesting potential negative impacts on intestinal integrity. Nevertheless, diminishing the intestinal microbiome reduced cortical damage, apoptotic cell density, and microglial/macrophage activation in the cortical and thalamic regions of the brain. Conclusions Our findings suggest that eliminating colonized gut bacteria via broad-spectrum ABX reduces neuroinflammation and enhances neurological outcomes in TBI despite implications to gut health.
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Gu N, Yan J, Tang W, Zhang Z, Wang L, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Tang S, Zhong J, Cheng C, Sun X, Huang Z. Prevotella copri transplantation promotes neurorehabilitation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:147. [PMID: 38835057 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating brain function through the microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with neurological impairment in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Our previous study found that TBI results in a decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri (P. copri). P. copri has been shown to have antioxidant effects in various diseases. Meanwhile, guanosine (GUO) is a metabolite of intestinal microbiota that can alleviate oxidative stress after TBI by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of P. copri transplantation on TBI and its relationship with GUO-PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS In this study, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to induce TBI in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Subsequently, P. copri was transplanted by intragastric gavage for 7 consecutive days. To investigate the effect of the GUO-PI3K/Akt pathway in P. copri transplantation therapy, guanosine (GUO) was administered 2 h after TBI for 7 consecutive days, and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) was administered 30 min before TBI. Various techniques were used to assess the effects of these interventions, including quantitative PCR, neurological behavior tests, metabolite analysis, ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, Evans blue assays, transmission electron microscopy, FITC-dextran permeability assay, gastrointestinal transit assessment, and 16 S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS P. copri abundance was significantly reduced after TBI. P. copri transplantation alleviated motor and cognitive deficits tested by the NSS, Morris's water maze and open field test. P. copri transplantation attenuated oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier damage and reduced neuronal apoptosis after TBI. In addition, P. copri transplantation resulted in the reshaping of the intestinal flora, improved gastrointestinal motility and intestinal permeability. Metabolomics and ELISA analysis revealed a significant increase in GUO levels in feces, serum and injured brain after P. copri transplantation. Furthermore, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was found to be increased after P. copri transplantation and GUO treatment. Notably, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment attenuated the observed improvements. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that P. copri transplantation can improve GI functions and alter gut microbiota dysbiosis after TBI. Additionally, P. copri transplantation can ameliorate neurological deficits, possibly via the GUO-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Emergency Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yajun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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El Baassiri MG, Raouf Z, Badin S, Escobosa A, Sodhi CP, Nasr IW. Dysregulated brain-gut axis in the setting of traumatic brain injury: review of mechanisms and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:124. [PMID: 38730498 PMCID: PMC11083845 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and debilitating disease, associated with a high risk of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite significant advancements in improving outcomes, the lack of effective treatments underscore the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The brain-gut axis has emerged as a crucial bidirectional pathway connecting the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) system through an intricate network of neuronal, hormonal, and immunological pathways. Four main pathways are primarily implicated in this crosstalk, including the systemic immune system, autonomic and enteric nervous systems, neuroendocrine system, and microbiome. TBI induces profound changes in the gut, initiating an unrestrained vicious cycle that exacerbates brain injury through the brain-gut axis. Alterations in the gut include mucosal damage associated with the malabsorption of nutrients/electrolytes, disintegration of the intestinal barrier, increased infiltration of systemic immune cells, dysmotility, dysbiosis, enteroendocrine cell (EEC) dysfunction and disruption in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Collectively, these changes further contribute to brain neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via the gut-brain axis. In this review article, we elucidate the roles of various anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies capable of attenuating the dysregulated inflammatory response along the brain-gut axis in TBI. These agents include hormones such as serotonin, ghrelin, and progesterone, ANS regulators such as beta-blockers, lipid-lowering drugs like statins, and intestinal flora modulators such as probiotics and antibiotics. They attenuate neuroinflammation by targeting distinct inflammatory pathways in both the brain and the gut post-TBI. These therapeutic agents exhibit promising potential in mitigating inflammation along the brain-gut axis and enhancing neurocognitive outcomes for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G El Baassiri
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zachariah Raouf
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Badin
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alejandro Escobosa
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Isam W Nasr
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Holcomb M, Marshall A, Flinn H, Lozano M, Soriano S, Gomez-Pinilla F, Treangen TJ, Villapol S. Probiotic treatment causes sex-specific neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4196801. [PMID: 38645104 PMCID: PMC11030542 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4196801/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in shaping traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Changes in the levels and types of Lactobacillus bacteria present might impact the immune system disturbances, neuroinflammatory responses, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, and compromised neuroprotection mechanisms triggered by TBI. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of a daily pan-probiotic (PP) mixture in drinking water containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. gasseri, and L. casei, administered for either two or seven weeks before inducing TBI on both male and female mice. Methods Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis was performed for metabolite measurements. The taxonomic profiles of murine fecal samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequencing analysis. Histological analyses were used to assess neuroinflammation and gut changes post-TBI, while behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Results Our findings suggest that PP administration modulates the diversity and composition of the microbiome and increases the levels of SCFAs in a sex-dependent manner. We also observed a reduction of lesion volume, cell death, and microglial and macrophage activation after PP treatment following TBI in male mice. Furthermore, PP-treated mice show motor function improvements and decreases in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PP administration can mitigate neuroinflammation and ameliorate motor and anxiety and depressive-like behavior deficits following TBI. These results underscore the potential of probiotic interventions as a viable therapeutic strategy to address TBI-induced impairments, emphasizing the need for gender-specific treatment approaches.
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Gandasasmita N, Li J, Loane DJ, Semple BD. Experimental Models of Hospital-Acquired Infections After Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Opportunities. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:752-770. [PMID: 37885226 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients hospitalized after a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of nosocomial infections, including bacterial pneumonia and other upper respiratory tract infections. Infections represent a secondary immune challenge for vulnerable TBI patients that can lead to increased morbidity and poorer long-term prognosis. This review first describes the clinical significance of infections after TBI, delving into the known mechanisms by which a TBI can alter systemic immunological responses towards an immunosuppressive state, leading to promotion of increased vulnerability to infections. Pulmonary dysfunction resulting from respiratory tract infections is considered in the context of neurotrauma, including the bidirectional relationship between the brain and lungs. Turning to pre-clinical modeling, current laboratory approaches to study experimental TBI and lung infections are reviewed, to highlight findings from the limited key studies to date that have incorporated both insults. Then, practical decisions for the experimental design of animal studies of post-injury infections are discussed. Variables associated with the host animal, the infectious agent (e.g., species, strain, dose, and administration route), as well as the timing of the infection relative to the injury model are important considerations for model development. Together, the purpose of this review is to highlight the significant clinical need for increased pre-clinical research into the two-hit insult of a hospital-acquired infection after TBI to encourage further scientific enquiry in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 2024; 28:71. [PMID: 38454447 PMCID: PMC10918982 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit"). Moreover, accumulating evidence supports the knowledge that gut microbiota constitutes a critical superorganism and an organ on its own, potentially modifying various physiological functions of the host. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ritter K, Somnuke P, Hu L, Griemert EV, Schäfer MKE. Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:10. [PMID: 38424488 PMCID: PMC10905838 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in young people and older adults worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for TBI besides surgical interventions and symptomatic relief. Post-injury infections, such as lower respiratory tract and surgical site infections or meningitis are frequent complications following TBI. Whether the use of preventive and/or symptomatic antibiotic therapy improves patient mortality and outcome is an ongoing matter of debate. In contrast, results from animal models of TBI suggest translational perspectives and support the hypothesis that antibiotics, independent of their anti-microbial activity, alleviate secondary injury and improve neurological outcomes. These beneficial effects were largely attributed to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. In this review, we briefly outline current treatment options, including antibiotic therapy, for patients with TBI. We then summarize the therapeutic effects of the most commonly tested antibiotics in TBI animal models, highlight studies identifying molecular targets of antibiotics, and discuss similarities and differences in their mechanistic modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Pawit Somnuke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Lingjiao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Eva-Verena Griemert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany.
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Fecal microbiota transplantation unveils sex-specific differences in a controlled cortical impact injury mouse model. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1336537. [PMID: 38410824 PMCID: PMC10894955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of locomotor disability and mortality worldwide. While post-TBI deleterious consequences are influenced by gender and gut dysbiosis, the sex-specific importance of commensal gut microbiota is underexplored after TBI. In this study, we investigated the impact of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on gut microbiota signature in a sex-specific manner in mice. Methods We depleted the gut microflora of male and female C57BL/6 mice using antibiotic treatment. Thereafter, male mice were colonized by the gut microbiota of female mice and vice versa, employing the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) method. CCI surgery was executed using a stereotaxic impactor (Impact One™). For the 16S rRNA gene amplicon study, fecal boli of mice were collected at 3 days post-CCI (dpi). Results and discussion CCI-operated male and female mice exhibited a significant alteration in the genera of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus. At the species level, less abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus hamsteri was observed in female mice, implicating the importance of sex-specific bacteriotherapy in CCI-induced neurological deficits. FMT from female donor mice to male mice displayed an increase in genera of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus and species of Bacteroides acidifaciens and Ruminococcus gnavus. Female FMT-recipient mice from male donors showed an upsurge in the genus Lactobacillus and species of Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus hamsteri, and Prevotella copri. These results suggest that the post-CCI neurological complications may be influenced by the differential gut microbiota perturbation in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Celorrio M, Shumilov K, Friess SH. Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:272-276. [PMID: 37488877 PMCID: PMC10503601 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute care management of traumatic brain injury is focused on the prevention and reduction of secondary insults such as hypotension, hypoxia, intracranial hypertension, and detrimental inflammation. However, the imperative to balance multiple clinical concerns simultaneously often results in therapeutic strategies targeted to address one clinical concern causing unintended effects in other remote organ systems. Recently the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain has been shown to influence both the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract homeostasis in health and disease. A critical component of this axis is the microorganisms of the gut known as the gut microbiome. Changes in gut microbial populations in the setting of central nervous system disease, including traumatic brain injury, have been reported in both humans and experimental animal models and can be further disrupted by off-target effects of patient care. In this review article, we will explore the important role gut microbial populations play in regulating brain-resident and peripheral immune cell responses after traumatic brain injury. We will discuss the role of bacterial metabolites in gut microbial regulation of neuroinflammation and their potential as an avenue for therapeutic intervention in the setting of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Celorrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart H. Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Lu Y, Gao X, Mohammed SAD, Wang T, Fu J, Wang Y, Nan Y, Lu F, Liu S. Efficacy and mechanism study of Baichanting compound, a combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, on Parkinson's disease based on metagenomics and metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117182. [PMID: 37714224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly progressing neurological disorder. Currently, Medication for PD has numerous limitations. Baichanting Compound (BCT) is a Chinese herbal prescription, a Combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, that was developed to treat PD and holds a national patent (ZL, 201110260536.3). AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the therapeutic effect of BCT on PD and explore its possible mechanism based on metabolomics and metagenomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used as a control group, and α-syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the PD (without treatment) or BCT (with BCT treatment) group. UPLC-MS was performed to detect dopamine levels in brain tissue, while ELISA was used to determine inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and NO, and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Fecal metabolomics was used to detect fecal metabolic profiles, screen differential metabolic markers, and predict metabolic pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis. Metagenomics was used to determine the intestinal microbial composition, and KO enrichment analysis was performed to predict the potential function of different gut microbiota. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to find the possible relationships among intestinal flora, metabolic markers, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and dopamine levels. RESULTS BCT increased the superoxide dismutase activity of α-Syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.01), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, NO and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01, 0.05), and increased the release of dopamine (P < 0.01). Metabolomics results show that BCT could regulate Acetatifactor, Marvinbryantia, Faecalitalea, Anaeromassilibacillus, Anaerobium, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Lachnotalea and Acetatifactor_muris, Marvinbryantia_formatexigens, Lachnotalea_sp_AF33_28, Faecalitalea_sp_Marseille_P3755 and Anaerobium_acetethylicum, Gemmiger_sp_An120 abundance to restore intestinal flora function, and reverse fecal metabolism trend, restoring the content of α-D-glucose, cytidine, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamate, raffinose and uracil. In addition, it regulates arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate, pyrimidine, galactose and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION BCT may regulate the composition of the gut microbiota to reverse fecal metabolism in PD mice to protect the substantia nigra and striatum from oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and ultimately play an anti-PD role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shadi A D Mohammed
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Sana'a, 18644, Yemen
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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12
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Yilmaz A, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Shohami E, Gordevičius J, Kerševičiūtė I, Sherman E, Bahado-Singh RO, Graham SF. The longitudinal biochemical profiling of TBI in a drop weight model of TBI. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22260. [PMID: 38097614 PMCID: PMC10721861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly among individuals under the age of 45. It is a complex, and heterogeneous disease with a multifaceted pathophysiology that remains to be elucidated. Metabolomics has the potential to identify metabolic pathways and unique biochemical profiles associated with TBI. Herein, we employed a longitudinal metabolomics approach to study TBI in a weight drop mouse model to reveal metabolic changes associated with TBI pathogenesis, severity, and secondary injury. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, we biochemically profiled post-mortem brain from mice that suffered mild TBI (N = 25; 13 male and 12 female), severe TBI (N = 24; 11 male and 13 female) and sham controls (N = 16; 11 male and 5 female) at baseline, day 1 and day 7 following the injury. 1H NMR-based metabolomics, in combination with bioinformatic analyses, highlights a few significant metabolites associated with TBI severity and perturbed metabolism related to the injury. We report that the concentrations of taurine, creatinine, adenine, dimethylamine, histidine, N-Acetyl aspartate, and glucose 1-phosphate are all associated with TBI severity. Longitudinal metabolic observation of brain tissue revealed that mild TBI and severe TBI lead distinct metabolic profile changes. A multi-class model was able to classify the severity of injury as well as time after TBI with estimated 86% accuracy. Further, we identified a high degree of correlation between respective hemisphere metabolic profiles (r > 0.84, p < 0.05, Pearson correlation). This study highlights the metabolic changes associated with underlying TBI severity and secondary injury. While comprehensive, future studies should investigate whether: (a) the biochemical pathways highlighted here are recapitulated in the brain of TBI sufferers and (b) if the panel of biomarkers are also as effective in less invasively harvested biomatrices, for objective and rapid identification of TBI severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Sports Therapy, Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Ono Academic College, Qiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Esther Shohami
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juozas Gordevičius
- VUGENE LLC, 625 EKenmoor Avenue Southeast, Suite 301, PMB 96578, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Ieva Kerševičiūtė
- VUGENE LLC, 625 EKenmoor Avenue Southeast, Suite 301, PMB 96578, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Eric Sherman
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48073, USA.
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13
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Armstrong PA, Venugopal N, Wright TJ, Randolph KM, Batson RD, Yuen KCJ, Masel BE, Sheffield-Moore M, Urban RJ, Pyles RB. Traumatic brain injury, abnormal growth hormone secretion, and gut dysbiosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101841. [PMID: 38000973 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated in a variety of neuropathologies with recent data suggesting direct effects of the microbiome on host metabolism, hormonal regulation, and pathophysiology. Studies have shown that gut bacteria impact host growth, partially mediated through the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. However, no study to date has examined the specific role of GH on the fecal microbiome (FMB) or the changes in this relationship following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current literature has demonstrated that TBI can lead to either temporary or sustained abnormal GH secretion (aGHS). More recent literature has suggested that gut dysbiosis may contribute to aGHS leading to long-term sequelae now known as brain injury associated fatigue and cognition (BIAFAC). The aGHS observed in some TBI patients presents with a symptom complex including profound fatigue and cognitive dysfunction that improves significantly with exogenous recombinant human GH treatment. Notably, GH treatment is not curative as fatigue and cognitive decline typically recur upon treatment cessation, indicating the need for additional studies to address the underlying mechanistic cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton A Armstrong
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Navneet Venugopal
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Traver J Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Kathleen M Randolph
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | | | - Kevin C J Yuen
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Barrow Pituitary Center and Barrow Neuroendocrinology Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013 United States.
| | - Brent E Masel
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Centre for Neuro Skills, Bakersfield, CA 93313, United States.
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Randall J Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
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14
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Du Q, Li Q, Liao G, Li J, Ye P, Zhang Q, Gong X, Yang J, Li K. Emerging trends and focus of research on the relationship between traumatic brain injury and gut microbiota: a visualized study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278438. [PMID: 38029105 PMCID: PMC10654752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious types of trauma and imposes a heavy social and economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The development of emerging biotechnologies is uncovering the relationship between TBI and gut flora, and gut flora as a potential intervention target is of increasing interest to researchers. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research employing bibliometric methodologies to scrutinize the interrelation between these two. Therefore, this study visualized the relationship between TBI and gut flora based on bibliometric methods to reveal research trends and hotspots in the field. The ultimate objective is to catalyze progress in the preclinical and clinical evolution of strategies for treating and managing TBI. Methods Terms related to TBI and gut microbiota were combined to search the Scopus database for relevant documents from inception to February 2023. Visual analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results From September 1972 to February 2023, 2,957 documents published from 98 countries or regions were analyzed. The number of published studies on the relationship between TBI and gut flora has risen exponentially, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom being representative of countries publishing in related fields. Research has formed strong collaborations around highly productive authors, but there is a relative lack of international cooperation. Research in this area is mainly published in high-impact journals in the field of neurology. The "intestinal microbiota and its metabolites," "interventions," "mechanism of action" and "other diseases associated with traumatic brain injury" are the most promising and valuable research sites. Targeting the gut flora to elucidate the mechanisms for the development of the course of TBI and to develop precisely targeted interventions and clinical management of TBI comorbidities are of great significant research direction and of interest to researchers. Conclusion The findings suggest that close attention should be paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and TBI, especially the interaction, potential mechanisms, development of emerging interventions, and treatment of TBI comorbidities. Further investigation is needed to understand the causal relationship between gut flora and TBI and its specific mechanisms, especially the "brain-gut microbial axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Du
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qijie Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafei Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Ye
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotong Gong
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaju Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Hu X, Jin H, Yuan S, Ye T, Chen Z, Kong Y, Liu J, Xu K, Sun J. Fecal microbiota transplantation inhibited neuroinflammation of traumatic brain injury in mice via regulating the gut-brain axis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254610. [PMID: 37743861 PMCID: PMC10513427 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective means of regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis, while the beneficial effect and potential mechanisms of FMT against TBI remain unclear. Here, we elucidated the anti-neuroinflammatory effect and possible mechanism of FMT against TBI in mice via regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methods The TBI mouse model was established by heavy object falling impact and then treated with FMT. The neurological deficits, neuropathological change, synaptic damage, microglia activation, and neuroinflammatory cytokine production were assessed, and the intestinal pathological change and gut microbiota composition were also evaluated. Moreover, the population of Treg cells in the spleen was measured. Results Our results showed that FMT treatment significantly alleviated neurological deficits and neuropathological changes and improved synaptic damage by increasing the levels of the synaptic plasticity-related protein such as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin I in the TBI mice model. Moreover, FMT could inhibit the activation of microglia and reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, alleviating the inflammatory response of TBI mice. Meanwhile, FMT treatment could attenuate intestinal histopathologic changes and gut microbiota dysbiosis and increase the Treg cell population in TBI mice. Conclusion These findings elucidated that FMT treatment effectively suppressed the TBI-induced neuroinflammation via regulating the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis, and its mechanism was involved in the regulation of peripheral immune cells, which implied a novel strategy against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hangqi Jin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Gharaie S, Lee K, Newman-Rivera AM, Xu J, Patel SK, Gooya M, Arend LJ, Raj DS, Pluznick J, Parikh C, Noel S, Rabb H. Microbiome modulation after severe acute kidney injury accelerates functional recovery and decreases kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2023; 104:470-491. [PMID: 37011727 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting gut microbiota has shown promise to prevent experimental acute kidney injury (AKI). However, this has not been studied in relation to accelerating recovery and preventing fibrosis. Here, we found that modifying gut microbiota with an antibiotic administered after severe ischemic kidney injury in mice, particularly with amoxicillin, accelerated recovery. These indices of recovery included increased glomerular filtration rate, diminution of kidney fibrosis, and reduction of kidney profibrotic gene expression. Amoxicillin was found to increase stool Alistipes, Odoribacter and Stomatobaculum species while significantly depleting Holdemanella and Anaeroplasma. Specifically, amoxicillin treatment reduced kidney CD4+T cells, interleukin (IL)-17 +CD4+T cells, and tumor necrosis factor-α double negative T cells while it increased CD8+T cells and PD1+CD8+T cells. Amoxicillin also increased gut lamina propria CD4+T cells while decreasing CD8+T and IL-17+CD4+T cells. Amoxicillin did not accelerate repair in germ-free or CD8-deficient mice, demonstrating microbiome and CD8+T lymphocytes dependence for amoxicillin protective effects. However, amoxicillin remained effective in CD4-deficient mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation from amoxicillin-treated to germ-free mice reduced kidney fibrosis and increased Foxp3+CD8+T cells. Amoxicillin pre-treatment protected mice against kidney bilateral ischemia reperfusion injury but not cisplatin-induced AKI. Thus, modification of gut bacteria with amoxicillin after severe ischemic AKI is a promising novel therapeutic approach to accelerate recovery of kidney function and mitigate the progression of AKI to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Gharaie
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea M Newman-Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shishir Kumar Patel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahta Gooya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lois J Arend
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic S Raj
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chirag Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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17
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Fongang B, Satizabal C, Kautz TF, Wadop YN, Muhammad JAS, Vasquez E, Mathews J, Gireud-Goss M, Saklad AR, Himali J, Beiser A, Cavazos JE, Mahaney MC, Maestre G, DeCarli C, Shipp EL, Vasan RS, Seshadri S. Cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with decreased abundance of gut Barnesiella intestinihominis bacterium in the Framingham Heart Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13622. [PMID: 37604954 PMCID: PMC10442369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional communication exists between the brain and the gut, in which the gut microbiota influences cognitive function and vice-versa. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the relationship between gut dysbiosis and markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), a major contributor to ADRD, is unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the connection between the gut microbiome, cognitive, and neuroimaging markers of cSVD in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Markers of cSVD included white matter hyperintensities (WMH), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), and executive function (EF), estimated as the difference between the trail-making tests B and A. We included 972 FHS participants with MRI scans, neurocognitive measures, and stool samples and quantified the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. We used multivariable association and differential abundance analyses adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and education level to estimate the association between gut microbiota and WMH, PSMD, and EF measures. Our results suggest an increased abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Ruminococcus genera was associated with lower WMH and PSMD (p values < 0.001), as well as better executive function (p values < 0.01). In addition, in both differential and multivariable analyses, we found that the gram-negative bacterium Barnesiella intestinihominis was strongly associated with markers indicating a higher cSVD burden. Finally, functional analyses using PICRUSt implicated various KEGG pathways, including microbial quorum sensing, AMP/GMP-activated protein kinase, phenylpyruvate, and β-hydroxybutyrate production previously associated with cognitive performance and dementia. Our study provides important insights into the association between the gut microbiome and cSVD, but further studies are needed to replicate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fongang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Claudia Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany F Kautz
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yannick N Wadop
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jazmyn A S Muhammad
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin Vasquez
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Mathews
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Monica Gireud-Goss
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amy R Saklad
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jayandra Himali
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose E Cavazos
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Gladys Maestre
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Eric L Shipp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University's Center for Computing and Data Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- The University of Texas School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Munley JA, Kirkpatrick SL, Gillies GS, Bible LE, Efron PA, Nagpal R, Mohr AM. The Intestinal Microbiome after Traumatic Injury. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1990. [PMID: 37630549 PMCID: PMC10459834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in host immune function and homeostasis. Patients suffering from-as well as models representing-multiple traumatic injuries, isolated organ system trauma, and various severities of traumatic injury have been studied as an area of interest in the dysregulation of immune function and systemic inflammation which occur after trauma. These studies also demonstrate changes in gut microbiome diversity and even microbial composition, with a transition to a pathobiome state. In addition, sex has been identified as a biological variable influencing alterations in the microbiome after trauma. Therapeutics such as fecal transplantation have been utilized to ameliorate not only these microbiome changes but may also play a role in recovery postinjury. This review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiome that occur postinjury, either in isolated injury or multiple injuries, along with proposed mechanisms for these changes and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Munley
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Letitia E. Bible
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
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19
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Sun Y, Wang S, Liu B, Hu W, Zhu Y. Host-Microbiome Interactions: Tryptophan Metabolism and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10820. [PMID: 37445997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury refers to the damage caused to intracranial tissues by an external force acting on the head, leading to both immediate and prolonged harmful effects. Neuroinflammatory responses play a critical role in exacerbating the primary injury during the acute and chronic phases of TBI. Research has demonstrated that numerous neuroinflammatory responses are mediated through the "microbiota-gut-brain axis," which signifies the functional connection between the gut microbiota and the brain. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a vital role in facilitating communication between the host and microbiota through recognizing specific ligands produced directly or indirectly by the microbiota. Tryptophan (trp), an indispensable amino acid in animals and humans, represents one of the key endogenous ligands for AhR. The metabolites of trp have significant effects on the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) through activating AHR signalling, thereby establishing bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. These interactions are mediated through immune, metabolic, and neural signalling mechanisms. In this review, we emphasize the co-metabolism of tryptophan in the gut microbiota and the signalling pathway mediated by AHR following TBI. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of these mechanisms on the underlying processes involved in traumatic brain injury, while also addressing potential future targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bingwei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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20
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Ritter K, Vetter D, Wernersbach I, Schwanz T, Hummel R, Schäfer MKE. Pre-traumatic antibiotic-induced microbial depletion reduces neuroinflammation in acute murine traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2023:109648. [PMID: 37385435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The connection between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and diseases and injuries of the brain has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Interestingly, antibiotic-induced microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), while early administration of antibiotics associates with improved survival in TBI patients. In animal models of TBI, short- or long-term administration of antibiotics, both peri- or post-operatively, were shown to induce gut microbiome dysbiosis but also anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the acute consequences of microbial dysbiosis on TBI pathogenesis after discontinuation of antibiotic treatment are elusive. In this study, we tested whether pre-traumatic antibiotic-induced microbial depletion by vancomycin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid affects pathogenesis during the acute phase of TBI in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Pre-traumatic microbiome depletion did not affect neurological deficits over 72 h post injury (hpi) and brain histopathology, including numbers of activated astrocytes and microglia, at 72 hpi. However, astrocytes and microglia were smaller after pre-traumatic microbiome depletion compared to vehicle treatment at 72hpi, indicating less inflammatory activation. Accordingly, TBI-induced gene expression of the inflammation markers Interleukin-1β, complement component C3, translocator protein TSPO and the major histocompatibility complex MHC2 was attenuated in microbiome-depleted mice along with reduced Immunoglobulin G extravasation as a proxy of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. These results suggest that the gut microbiome contributes to early neuroinflammatory responses to TBI but does not have a significant impact on brain histopathology and neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Diana Vetter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Isa Wernersbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schwanz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Germany.
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21
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Dai Y, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhu M, Xiong W, Li H, Zhao Y, Hammock BD, Zhu X. Enhancement of the liver's neuroprotective role ameliorates traumatic brain injury pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301360120. [PMID: 37339206 PMCID: PMC10293829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301360120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pervasive problem worldwide for which no effective treatment is currently available. Although most studies have focused on the pathology of the injured brain, we have noted that the liver plays an important role in TBI. Using two mouse models of TBI, we found that the enzymatic activity of hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was rapidly decreased and then returned to normal levels following TBI, whereas such changes were not observed in the kidney, heart, spleen, or lung. Interestingly, genetic downregulation of hepatic Ephx2 (which encodes sEH) ameliorates TBI-induced neurological deficits and promotes neurological function recovery, whereas overexpression of hepatic sEH exacerbates TBI-associated neurological impairments. Furthermore, hepatic sEH ablation was found to promote the generation of A2 phenotype astrocytes and facilitate the production of various neuroprotective factors associated with astrocytes following TBI. We also observed an inverted V-shaped alteration in the plasma levels of four EET (epoxyeicosatrienoic acid) isoforms (5,6-, 8,9-,11,12-, and 14,15-EET) following TBI which were negatively correlated with hepatic sEH activity. However, hepatic sEH manipulation bidirectionally regulates the plasma levels of 14,15-EET, which rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier. Additionally, we found that the application of 14,15-EET mimicked the neuroprotective effect of hepatic sEH ablation, while 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid blocked this effect, indicating that the increased plasma levels of 14,15-EET mediated the neuroprotective effect observed after hepatic sEH ablation. These results highlight the neuroprotective role of the liver in TBI and suggest that targeting hepatic EET signaling could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Jinghua Dong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Minzhen Zhu
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Wenchao Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
| | - Huanyu Li
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Yulu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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22
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Bicknell B, Liebert A, Borody T, Herkes G, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119577. [PMID: 37298527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, and diverse microbiome and overall health. When the gut microbiome becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and ageing, this has a profound effect on our health and is linked to many diseases, including lifestyle diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurological diseases. While this link in humans is largely an association of dysbiosis with disease, in animal models, a causative link can be demonstrated. The link between the gut and the brain is particularly important in maintaining brain health, with a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This link suggests not only that the gut microbiota composition can be used to make an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases but also that modifying the gut microbiome to influence the microbiome-gut-brain axis might present a therapeutic target for diseases that have proved intractable, with the aim of altering the trajectory of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, among others. There is also a microbiome-gut-brain link to other potentially reversible neurological diseases, such as migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and long COVID, which might be considered models of therapy for neurodegenerative disease. The role of traditional methods in altering the microbiome, as well as newer, more novel treatments such as faecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Governance and Research, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - Thomas Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Department of Governance and Research, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - Craig McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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23
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Chen Y, Chen J, Wei H, Gong K, Meng J, Long T, Guo J, Hong J, Yang L, Qiu J, Xiong K, Wang Z, Xu Q. Akkermansia muciniphila-Nlrp3 is involved in the neuroprotection of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 deficiency in traumatic brain injury mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172710. [PMID: 37287985 PMCID: PMC10242175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut-microbiota-brain axis is a potential treatment to decrease the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase, resides in mitochondrial membrane and regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism. Mitochondria mediates intestinal barrier and gut microbiome. Objectives This study investigated the association between PGAM5 and gut microbiota in mice with TBI. Methods The controlled cortical impact injury was established in mice with genetically-ablated Pgam5 (Pgam5-/-) or wild type, and WT male mice were treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from male Pgam5-/- mice or Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila). Then the gut microbiota abundance, blood metabolites, neurological function, and nerve injury were detected. Results Treated with antibiotics for suppressing gut microbiota in Pgam5-/- mice partially relieved the role of Pgam5 deficiency in the improvement of initial inflammatory factors and motor dysfunction post-TBI. Pgam5 knockout exhibited an increased abundance of A. muciniphila in mice. FMT from male Pgam5-/- mice enabled better maintenance of amino acid metabolism and peripherial environment than that in TBI-vehicle mice, which suppressed neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits, and A. muciniphila was negatively associated with intestinal mucosal injury and neuroinflammation post-TBI. Moreover, A. muciniphila treatment ameliorated neuroinflammation and nerve injury by regulating Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in cerebral cortex with TBI. Conclusion Thus, the present study provides evidence that Pgam5 is involved in gut microbiota-mediated neuroinflammation and nerve injury, with A. muciniphila-Nlrp3 contributing to peripheral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Teaching and Research, Xi’an Siyuan University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjian Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Junling Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Northwestern University, Shannxi, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
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24
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Huang R, Lu Y, Jin M, Liu Y, Zhang M, Xian S, Chang Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Lu J, Tong X, Wang S, Zhu Y, Huang J, Jiang L, Gu M, Huang Z, Wu M, Ji S. A bibliometric analysis of the role of microbiota in trauma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1091060. [PMID: 36819034 PMCID: PMC9932281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last several decades, the gut microbiota has been implicated in the formation and stabilization of health, as well as the development of disease. With basic and clinical experiments, scholars are gradually understanding the important role of gut microbiota in trauma, which may offer novel ideas of treatment for trauma patients. In this study, we purposed to summarize the current state and access future trends in gut microbiota and trauma research. Methods We retrieved relevant documents and their published information from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometrix package was responsible for the visualized analysis. Results Totally, 625 documents were collected and the number of annual publications kept increasing, especially from 2016. China published the most documents while the USA had the highest local citations. The University of Colorado and Food & Function are respectively the top productive institution and journal, as PLOS One is the most local cited journal. With the maximum number of articles and local citations, Deitch EA is supported to be the most contributive author. Combining visualized analysis of keywords and documents and literature reading, we recognized two key topics: bacteria translocation in trauma and gut microbiota's effect on inflammation in injury, especially in nervous system injury. Discussion The impact of gut microbiota on molecular and pathological mechanism of inflammation is the focus now. In addition, the experiments of novel therapies based on gut microbiota's impact on trauma are being carried out. We hope that this study can offer a birds-eye view of this field and promote the gradual improvement of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xirui Tong
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luofeng Jiang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Gu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang ✉
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Minjuan Wu ✉
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Shizhao Ji ✉
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25
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Frankot MA, O’Hearn CM, Blancke AM, Rodriguez B, Pechacek KM, Gandhi J, Hu G, Martens KM, Haar CV. Acute gut microbiome changes after traumatic brain injury are associated with chronic deficits in decision-making and impulsivity in male rats. Behav Neurosci 2023; 137:15-28. [PMID: 35901372 PMCID: PMC9996537 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying chronic psychiatric-like impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are currently unknown. The goal of the present study was to assess the role of diet and the gut microbiome in psychiatric symptoms after TBI. Rats were randomly assigned to receive a high-fat diet (HFD) or calorie-matched low-fat diet (LFD). After 2 weeks of free access, rats began training on the rodent gambling task (RGT), a measure of risky decision-making and motor impulsivity. After training, rats received a bilateral frontal TBI or a sham procedure and continued postinjury testing for 10 weeks. Fecal samples were collected before injury and 3-, 30-, and 60 days postinjury to evaluate the gut microbiome. HFD altered the microbiome, but ultimately had low-magnitude effects on behavior and did not modify functional outcomes after TBI. Injury-induced functional deficits were far more robust; TBI substantially decreased optimal choice and increased suboptimal choice and motor impulsivity on the RGT. TBI also affected the microbiome, and a model comparison approach revealed that bacterial diversity measured 3 days postinjury was predictive of chronic psychiatric-like deficits on the RGT. A functional metagenomic analysis identified changes to dopamine and serotonin synthesis pathways as a potential candidate mechanism. Thus, the gut may be a potential acute treatment target for psychiatric symptoms after TBI, as well as a biomarker for injury and deficit severity. However, further research will be needed to confirm and extend these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyssa M. Blancke
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bryan Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Jasleen Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kris M. Martens
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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26
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Bao W, Sun Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen Z. An integrated analysis of gut microbiota and the brain transcriptome reveals host-gut microbiota interactions following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148149. [PMID: 36335996 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between gut and brain via microbial, immune, endocrine and neural signaling pathways, but the changes of gut-brain axis following brain trauma has not yet been clearly shown. The aim of this study was to reveal the gut microbiota and transcriptomic profile of the cerebral cortex in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice. METHODS A controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to establish a TBI model. Behavioral testing and histopathological analysis were performed. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and gene expression in the cerebral cortex was detected by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) 7 days after TBI. RESULTS The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data indicated that TBI increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium. The TBI group showed a disturbance in intestinal flora. RNA-Seq analysis identified 523 differentially expressed genes (481 upregulated and 42 downregulated) in the cerebral cortex of the TBI group compared with the sham group. Cluster analysis revealed 93 immune system process-related genes and 55 inflammatory response-related genes that were differentially expressed. CONCLUSIONS This manuscript reports pathogenic changes via the gut-brain axis driven by TBI, which confer persistent symptoms and susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Chiu LS, Anderton RS. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in long-term neurodegenerative processes following traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:400-418. [PMID: 36494087 PMCID: PMC10107147 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a devastating and debilitating disease to endure. Due to improvements in clinical practice, declining mortality rates have led to research into the long-term consequences of TBI. For example, the incidence and severity of TBI have been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms linking this alarming association are yet to be fully understood. Recently, there has been a groundswell of evidence implicating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Interestingly, survivors of TBI often report gastrointestinal complaints and animal studies have demonstrated gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis following injury. Autonomic dysregulation and chronic inflammation appear to be the main driver of these pathologies. Consequently, this review will explore the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of neurodegenerative diseases following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shan Chiu
- School of Medicine, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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Characteristics of Gut Microbiome After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2023; 35:86-90. [PMID: 34238913 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have reported significant changes in the gut microbiome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that TBI induces the growth of Proteobacteria in the human gut. Our primary outcome was to study the profile of the human fecal microbiome after TBI and the secondary outcome was to identify colonization with colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant pathogens. METHODS Consecutive patients with moderate-severe TBI admitted to the neurotrauma-intensive care unit within 48 hours of injury were enrolled into this observational study. Samples from rectal swabs obtained on days 0, 3, and 7 after admission were assessed for microbial growth and antibiotic resistance. Demographic data and variables such as hypotension, blood transfusion, surgery, start of nasogastric feeding, use of antibiotics, length of hospital stay and mortality were noted. RESULTS One hundred one patients were enrolled into this study; 57 (56.4%) underwent surgery, 80 (79.2%) required blood transfusion, 15 (14.9%) had an episode of hypotension, 37 (36.6%) received enteral feed within the first 3 days, and 79 (78.2%) received antibiotics. Rectal microbiological samples were collected from 101, 95, and 85 patients on days 0, 3, and 7, respectively. All organisms isolated at the 3 time-points belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum, with Enterobacteriaceae forming the largest group. Colistin-resistant organisms were found in 17 (16.8%) of 101 patients and multidrug-resistant organisms in 25 (64.1%) of the 39 patients in whom isolates were tested against the entire panel of antimicrobials. CONCLUSION TBI is associated with widespread colonization with Proteobacteria as early as 48 hours after injury. Colonization with colistin and multidrug-resistant organisms highlights the importance of the judicious use of antibiotics.
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Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7128. [PMID: 36473852 PMCID: PMC9726982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis. There is an urgency to identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression and the gut microbiome is a novel area of interest. Here we investigate the relation of fecal microbiome diversity and composition with depressive symptoms in 1,054 participants from the Rotterdam Study cohort and validate these findings in the Amsterdam HELIUS cohort in 1,539 subjects. We identify association of thirteen microbial taxa, including genera Eggerthella, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Hungatella, Ruminococcaceae (UCG002, UCG003 and UCG005), LachnospiraceaeUCG001, Eubacterium ventriosum and Ruminococcusgauvreauiigroup, and family Ruminococcaceae with depressive symptoms. These bacteria are known to be involved in the synthesis of glutamate, butyrate, serotonin and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), which are key neurotransmitters for depression. Our study suggests that the gut microbiome composition may play a key role in depression.
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Willman J, Willman M, Reddy R, Fusco A, Sriram S, Mehkri Y, Charles J, Goeckeritz J, Lucke-Wold B. Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2022; 2:e139. [PMID: 36268259 PMCID: PMC9577538 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment. Background An abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors. Methods In this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns. Results Specifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation. Conclusion The GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna Fusco
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sai Sriram
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yusuf Mehkri
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jude Charles
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joel Goeckeritz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Sgro M, Iacono G, Yamakawa GR, Kodila ZN, Marsland BJ, Mychasiuk R. Age matters: Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild traumatic brain injury differentially alters microbial composition and function in adolescent and adult rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278259. [PMID: 36449469 PMCID: PMC9710846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been shown to perpetuate neuroinflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modify repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI)-induced deficits. However, there have been no investigations regarding the comparative effects that the microbiome may have on RmTBI in adolescents and adults. Therefore, we examined the influence of microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI on microbial composition and metabolome, in adolescent and adult Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned to standard or antibiotic drinking water for 14 days, and to subsequent sham or RmTBIs. The gut microbiome composition and metabolome were analysed at baseline, 1 day after the first mTBI, and at euthanasia (11 days following the third mTBI). At euthanasia, intestinal samples were also collected to quantify tight junction protein (TJP1 and occludin) expression. Adolescents were significantly more susceptible to microbiome depletion via antibiotic administration which increased pro-inflammatory composition and metabolites. Furthermore, RmTBI induced a transient increase in 'beneficial bacteria' (Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibaculum) in only adolescents that may indicate compensatory action in response to the injury. Finally, microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI generated a microbiome composition and metabolome that exemplified a potentially chronic pathogenic and inflammatory state as demonstrated by increased Clostridium innocuum and Erysipelatoclostridium and reductions in Bacteroides and Clostridium Sensu Stricto. Results highlight that adolescents are more vulnerable to RmTBI compared to adults and dysbiosis prior to injury may exacerbate secondary inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giulia Iacono
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe N. Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Yanckello LM, Chang YH, Sun M, Chlipala G, Green SJ, Lei Z, Ericsson AC, Xing X, Hammond TC, Bachstetter AD, Lin AL. Inulin supplementation prior to mild traumatic brain injury mitigates gut dysbiosis, and brain vascular and white matter deficits in mice. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOMES 2022; 1:986951. [PMID: 36756543 PMCID: PMC9903356 DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2022.986951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been shown to negatively alter bacterial diversity and composition within the gut, known as dysbiosis, in rodents and humans. These changes cause secondary consequences systemically through decreased bacterial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which play a role in inflammation and metabolism. The goal of the study was to identify if giving prebiotic inulin prior to closed head injury (CHI) could mitigate gut dysbiosis, increase SCFAs, and improve recovery outcomes, including protecting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter integrity (WMI) in young mice. Methods We fed mice at 2 months of age with either inulin or control diet (with cellulose as fiber source) for two months before the CHI and continued till the end of the study. We analyzed gut microbiome composition and diversity, determined SCFAs levels, and measured CBF and WMI using MRI. We compared the results with Naïve and Sham-injury mice at 24 hours, 1.5 months, and 3-4 months post-injury. Results We found that both CHI and Sham mice had time-dependent changes in gut composition and diversity after surgery. Inulin significantly reduced the abundance of pathobiont bacteria, such as E. coli, Desulfovibrio spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in Sham and CHI mice compared to mice fed with control diet. On the other hand, inulin increased SCFAs-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus spp, increased levels of SCFAs, including butyrate and propionate, and significantly altered beta diversity as early as 24 hours post-injury, which lasted up to 3-4 months post-injury. The mitigation of dysbiosis is associated with protection of WMI in fimbria, internal and external capsule, and CBF in the right hippocampus of CHI mice, suggesting protection of memory and cognitive functions. Discussion The results indicate that giving inulin prior to CHI could promote recovery outcome through gut microbiome modulation. As inulin, microbiome analysis, and MRI are readily to be used in humans, the findings from the study may pave a way for a cost-effective, accessible intervention for those at risk of sustaining a head injury, such as military personnel or athletes in contact sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille M. Yanckello
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - McKenna Sun
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - George Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xin Xing
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tyler C. Hammond
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, United States
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science &Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Comparative Metagenomics and Metabolomes Reveals Abnormal Metabolism Activity Is Associated with Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911560. [PMID: 36232865 PMCID: PMC9569518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cognitive decline, of which the potential pathogenesis remains unclear. In order to understand the mechanism of gut microbiota in AD, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolites. Behavioral tests, pathological examination, metagenomics, and metabolomics were applied to analyze the difference of gut microbiota and metabolome between APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (PAP) mice with cognitive decline and age-matched controls, and their possible correlations. Our results showed that PAP mice and health mice had different structures of the bacterial communities in the gut. The abundances and diversities of the bacterial communities in health mice were higher than in PAP mice by metagenomics analysis. The abundances of Libanicoccus massiliensis, Paraprevotella clara, and Lactobacillus amylovorus were significantly increased in PAP mice, while the abundances of Turicibacter sanguinis, Dubosiella newyorkensis, and Prevotella oris were greatly reduced. Furthermore, PAP mice possessed peculiar metabolic phenotypes in stool, serum, and hippocampus relative to WT mice, as is demonstrated by alterations in neurotransmitters metabolism, lipid metabolism, aromatic amino acids metabolism, energy metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption, and bile metabolism. Microbiota-host metabolic correlation analysis suggests that abnormal metabolism in stool, serum, and hippocampus of PAP mice may be modulated by the gut microbiota, especially T. sanguinis, D. newyorkensis, and P. oris. Therefore, abnormal metabolism activity is associated with gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease mice. Our results imply that modifying host metabolism through targeting gut microbiota may be a novel and viable strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD in the future.
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The Brain–Gut Axis in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Nutrition Support. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can prove difficult due to TBI-induced feeding intolerance secondary to disruption of the brain-gut axis, a network composed of central nervous system (CNS) input, autonomic signaling, and immunologic regulation that controls gut and CNS homeostasis. Here, we discuss the pathophysiology of brain–gut axis dysregulation and outline nutrition strategies in patients with TBI.
Recent Findings
Feeding intolerance following TBI is multifactorial; complex signaling between the CNS, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and enteric nervous system that controls gut homeostasis is disrupted within hours post-injury. This has profound effects on the immune system and gut microbiome, further complicating post-TBI recovery. Despite this disruption, calorie and protein requirements increase considerably following TBI, and early nutritional supplementation improves survival following TBI. Enteral nutrition has proven more efficacious than parenteral nutrition in TBI patients and should be initiated within 48 hours following admission. Immune-fortified nutrition reduces CNS and gut inflammation and may improve outcomes in TBI patients.
Summary
Although autonomic dysregulation of the brain–gut axis results in feeding intolerance following TBI, early enteral nutrition is of paramount importance. Enteral nutrition reduces post-TBI inflammation and enhances immunologic and gut function. When feasible, enteral nutrition should be initiated within 48 hours following injury.
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Krakovski MA, Arora N, Jain S, Glover J, Dombrowski K, Hernandez B, Yadav H, Sarma AK. Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002266. [PMID: 36188471 PMCID: PMC9523267 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj Arora
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Glover
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Keith Dombrowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Hernandez
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hariom Yadav,
| | - Anand Karthik Sarma
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Anand Karthik Sarma,
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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis after Traumatic Brain Injury Contributes to Persistent Microglial Activation Associated with Upregulated Lyz2 and Shifted Tryptophan Metabolic Phenotype. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173467. [PMID: 36079724 PMCID: PMC9459947 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and mortality, affecting millions of people every year. The neuroinflammation and immune response post-TBI initially have neuroprotective and reparative effects, but prolonged neuroinflammation leads to secondary injury and increases the risk of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Persistent microglial activation plays a critical role in chronic neuroinflammation post-TBI. Given the bidirectional communication along the brain–gut axis, it is plausible to suppose that gut microbiota dysbiosis post-TBI influences microglial activation. In the present study, hippocampal microglial activation was observed at 7 days and 28 days post-TBI. However, in TBI mice with a depletion of gut microbiota, microglia were activated at 7 days post-TBI, but not at 28 days post-TBI, indicating that gut microbiota contributes to the long-term activation of microglia post-TBI. In addition, in conventional mice colonized by the gut microbiota of TBI mice using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), microglial activation was observed at 28 days post-TBI, but not at 7 days post-TBI, supporting the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in persistent microglial activation post-TBI. The RNA sequencing of the hippocampus identified a microglial activation gene, Lyz2, which kept upregulation post-TBI. This persistent upregulation was inhibited by oral antibiotics and partly induced by FMT. 16s rRNA gene sequencing showed that the composition and function of gut microbiota shifted over time post-TBI with progressive dysbiosis, and untargeted metabolomics profiling revealed that the tryptophan metabolic phenotype was differently reshaped at 7 days and 28 days post-TBI, which may play a role in the persistent upregulation of Lyz2 and the activation of microglia. This study implicates that gut microbiota and Lyz2 are potential targets for the development of novel strategies to address persistent microglial activation and chronic neuroinflammation post-TBI, and further investigations are warranted to elucidate the specific mechanism.
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Clark A, Zelmanovich R, Hosseini Siyanaki MR, Michel M, Hanna C, Davidson C, Lucke-Wold B. Microbiome and Neurotrauma: Emerging Innovations. NEUROLOGY & NEUROTHERAPY OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL 2022; 7:170. [PMID: 36035066 PMCID: PMC9410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in bidirectional communication that exists and can be altered by injury. Neurotrauma provides acute alteration in the GI tract and alters autonomic function. In this focused review, we highlight what is known about GI disruption following neurotrauma. We then delve into how this affects recovery. Areas of innovation and emerging pre-clinical results are addressed. Finally, we address the link between neurotrauma induced GI dysfunction and progression to neurodegenerative disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clark
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R Zelmanovich
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - M Michel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Hanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Davidson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yu L, Duan H, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Tian F, Chen W. Dose-dependent effects of chronic lead toxicity in vivo: Focusing on trace elements and gut microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134670. [PMID: 35452643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dose-dependent effects of chronic Pb exposure-induced injuries, especially on the trace elements and gut microbiota in mice, have not been explored. In the present study, we investigated these aspects using C57BL/6 mouse models that were exposed to Pb via drinking water with Pb concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L for 8 weeks. The results showed that with the increase in chronic Pb exposure dose, the Pb levels in the blood and tissues, Zn levels in the kidney and brain were elevated, and the levels of bone Zn, kidney Fe, brain Mg, Ca, and Fe, renal catalase activity, and glutathione levels, as well as the expression of colonic zonula occludens-1 and occludin, decreased with a strong linear correlation. Moreover, the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and Ruminococcus 1 increased, while that of Lactobacillus and Roseburia decreased linearly with the Pb exposure dose. PICRUSt analysis revealed that chronic Pb exposure had a greater impact on the metabolism of macronutrients, trace elements, and neurodegenerative injury. These findings suggest that chronic Pb exposure disrupts trace element levels in tissues, especially in the brain, and induces gut dysbiosis in a dose-dependent manner, which is different from the dose-effect of acute Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Chen Z, Tang Z, Kong J, Chen L, Liu J, Li Y, Huang W, Li W, Wu J, Zhao W, Meng X, Fan H. Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 Protects Against Pb-Induced Injury in Young Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Increasing Pb Excretion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914323. [PMID: 35845769 PMCID: PMC9278719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pb poisoning affects infant growth and development. However, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as the current therapy for Pb poisoning exerts relatively significant toxic side effects in infants. Therefore, identifying a non-toxic treatment in this regard is particularly important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of an infant feces-derived probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 (SYF-08), on Pb poisoning in young mice. The Pb levels in the organisms were detected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while the therapeutic effect of SYF-08 on Pb-induced neural system damage was explored via the Morris water maze test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SYF-08 against Pb-induced intestinal damage were also explored via histological staining, 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. In vivo experiments revealed that SYF-08 reduced blood and bone Pb levels and increased urinary Pb excretion. Additionally, SYF-08 alleviated Pb-induced pathological damage to the brain and ultimately improved the learning and cognitive abilities of the young mice. This treatment also restored intestinal microflora dysbiosis, regulated bile acid metabolism, and inhibited the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. It also resulted in fewer adverse events than the DMSA treatment. In conclusion, our results provided valuable insights into the therapeutic role of SYF-08 in Pb poisoning and also suggested that its administration can significantly alleviate the Pb-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Wu
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu J, Cheng Q, He F, Meng F, Yu Y, Xu C, Wen X, Hong L, Gao J, Li J, Pan G, Li MD, Luo B. Altered Intestinal Microbiomes and Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781148. [PMID: 35911767 PMCID: PMC9326017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota regulate the brain function of the host through the production of a myriad of metabolites and are associated with various neurological diseases. Understanding the intestinal microbiome of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) is important for the evaluation and treatment of the disease. To investigate the differences in the intestinal microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) among patients in a vegetative state (VS), a minimally conscious state (MCS), and emerged from MCS (EMCS), as well as the influence of antibiotics on these patients, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing and targeted lipidomics were performed on fecal samples from patients; in addition, analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals was performed to evaluate the brain function of these patients. The results showed that the intestinal microbiome of the three groups differed greatly, and some microbial communities showed a reduced production of SCFAs in VS patients compared to the other two groups. Moreover, reduced microbial communities and five major SCFAs, along with attenuated brain functional connectivity, were observed in MCS patients who were treated with antibiotics compared to those who did not receive antibiotic treatment, but not in the other pairwise comparisons. Finally, three genus-level microbiota—Faecailbacterium, Enterococcus, and Methanobrevibacter—were considered as potential biomarkers to distinguish MCS from VS patients, with high accuracy both in the discovery and validation cohorts. Together, our findings improved the understanding of patients with prolonged DoC from the intestinal microbiome perspective and provided a new reference for the exploration of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lirong Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Pan
- State Key Lab of Computer Aided Design & Computer Graphics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benyan Luo, ; Ming D. Li,
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benyan Luo, ; Ming D. Li,
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Yang ZY, Wu Y, Li X, Tang T, Wang Y, Huang ZB, Fan R. Bioinformatics Analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs Network-Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Exerts Neuroprotection of Traumatic Brain Injury Mice in the Subacute Phase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:772680. [PMID: 35814248 PMCID: PMC9257413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.772680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). XFZYD-based therapies have achieved good clinical outcomes in TBI. However, the underlying mechanisms of XFZYD in TBI remedy remains unclear. The study aimed to identify critical miRNAs and putative mechanisms associated with XFYZD through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We established a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mice model and treated the mice with XFZYD. The high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) confirmed the quality of XFZYD. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests indicated that XFZYD improved the neurological deficit (p < 0.05) and cognitive function (p < 0.01). Histological analysis validated the establishment of the CCI model and the treatment effect of XFZYD. HE staining displayed that the pathological degree in the XFZYD-treated group was prominently reduced. The transcriptomic data was generated using microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) of the hippocampus. According to cluster analysis, the TBI group clustered together was distinct from the XFZYD group. Sixteen differentially expressed (5 upregulated; 11 downregulated) miRNAs were detected between TBI and XFZYD. The reliability of the sequencing data was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Three miRNAs (mmu-miR-142a-5p, mmu-miR-183-5p, mmu-miR-96-5p) were distinctively expressed in the XFZYD compared with the TBI and consisted of the sequencing results. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the MAPK signaling pathway contributes to TBI pathophysiology and XFZYD treatment. Subsequently, the functions of miR-96-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-142a-5p were validated in vitro. TBI significantly induces the down-expression of miR-96-5p, and up-expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were all inhibited by miR-96-5p mimics. The present research provides an adequate fundament for further knowing the pathologic and prognostic process of TBI and supplies deep insights into the therapeutic effects of XFZYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-yu Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexuan Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze-bing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Fan, ; Ze-bing Huang,
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Fan, ; Ze-bing Huang,
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Nwafor DC, Brichacek AL, Foster CH, Lucke-Wold BP, Ali A, Colantonio MA, Brown CM, Qaiser R. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Update on Preclinical Models, Clinical Biomarkers, and the Implications of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221098125. [PMID: 35620529 PMCID: PMC9127876 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221098125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggest that children and adolescents have worse post-TBI outcomes and take longer to recover than adults. However, the pathophysiology and progression of TBI in the pediatric population are studied to a far lesser extent compared to the adult population. Common causes of TBI in children are falls, sports/recreation-related injuries, non-accidental trauma, and motor vehicle-related injuries. A fundamental understanding of TBI pathophysiology is crucial in preventing long-term brain injury sequelae. Animal models of TBI have played an essential role in addressing the knowledge gaps relating to pTBI pathophysiology. Moreover, a better understanding of clinical biomarkers is crucial to diagnose pTBI and accurately predict long-term outcomes. This review examines the current preclinical models of pTBI, the implications of pTBI on the brain’s vasculature, and clinical pTBI biomarkers. Finally, we conclude the review by speculating on the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in pTBI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C. Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allison L. Brichacek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chase H. Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington D.C., USA
| | | | - Ahsan Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rabia Qaiser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, TX, USA
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Shandilya S, Kumar S, Kumar Jha N, Kumar Kesari K, Ruokolainen J. Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. J Adv Res 2022; 38:223-244. [PMID: 35572407 PMCID: PMC9091761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of neurological disorders is found to be associated with dysregulation of gut-brain axis. Some gut bacteria metabolites are found to be directly associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species levels, one of the most important risk factors of neurodegeneration. Besides their morbid association, gut bacteria metabolites are also found to play a significant role in reducing the onset of these life-threatening brain disorders. Aim of Review Studies done in the recent past raises two most important link between gut microbiota and the brain: "gut microbiota-oxidative stress-neurodegeneration" and gut microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection. This review aims to gives a deep insight to our readers, of the collective studies done, focusing on the gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress involved in neurodegeneration along with a focus on those studies showing the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in neuroprotection. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review is focused on three main key concepts. Firstly, the mounting evidences from clinical and preclinical arenas shows the influence of gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress resulting in dysfunctional neurological processes. Therefore, we describe the potential role of gut microbiota influencing the vulnerability of brain to oxidative stress, and a budding causative in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Secondly, contributing roles of gut microbiota has been observed in attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via its own metabolites or by producing secondary metabolites and, also modulation in gut microbiota population with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory probiotics have shown promising neuro resilience. Thirdly, high throughput in silico tools and databases also gives a correlation of gut microbiome, their metabolites and brain health, thus providing fascinating perspective and promising new avenues for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shandilya
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, International Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Haryana, India
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki 00180, Finland
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot no. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | | | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Amino Acid Profile in Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091409. [PMID: 35563713 PMCID: PMC9102408 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily impacts the body: it damages the brain tissue and the peripheral nervous system and shifts homeostasis in many types of tissue. An acute brain injury compromises the “brain–gut-microbiome axis”, a well-balanced network formed by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbiome, which has a complex effect: damage to the brain alters the composition of the microbiome; the altered microbiome affects TBI severity, neuroplasticity, and metabolic pathways through various bacterial metabolites. We modeled TBI in rats. Using a bioinformatics approach, we sought to identify correlations between the gut microbiome composition, TBI severity, the rate of neurological function recovery, and blood metabolome. We found that the TBI caused changes in the abundance of 26 bacterial genera. The most dramatic change was observed in the abundance of Agathobacter species. The TBI also altered concentrations of several metabolites, specifically citrulline and tryptophan. We found no significant correlations between TBI severity and the pre-existing gut microbiota composition or blood metabolites. However, we discovered some differences between the two groups of subjects that showed high and low rates of neurological function recovery, respectively. The present study highlights the role of the brain–gut-microbiome axis in TBI.
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Soriano S, Curry K, Wang Q, Chow E, Treangen TJ, Villapol S. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Derived from Alzheimer's Disease Mice Worsens Brain Trauma Outcomes in Wild-Type Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4476. [PMID: 35562867 PMCID: PMC9103830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, both of which increase the risk and accelerate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gut microbiome is an essential modulator of the immune system, impacting the brain. AD has been related with reduced diversity and alterations in the community composition of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to determine whether the gut microbiota from AD mice exacerbates neurological deficits after TBI in control mice. We prepared fecal microbiota transplants from 18 to 24 month old 3×Tg-AD (FMT-AD) and from healthy control (FMT-young) mice. FMTs were administered orally to young control C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) mice after they underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, as a model of TBI. Then, we characterized the microbiota composition of the fecal samples by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. We collected the blood, brain, and gut tissues for protein and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that FMT-AD administration stimulates a higher relative abundance of the genus Muribaculum and a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii compared to FMT-young in WT mice. Furthermore, WT mice exhibited larger lesion, increased activated microglia/macrophages, and reduced motor recovery after FMT-AD compared to FMT-young one day after TBI. In summary, we observed gut microbiota from AD mice to have a detrimental effect and aggravate the neuroinflammatory response and neurological outcomes after TBI in young WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Kristen Curry
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Elsbeth Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Todd J. Treangen
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Medel-Matus JS, Lagishetty V, Santana-Gomez C, Shin D, Mowrey W, Staba RJ, Galanopoulou AS, Sankar R, Jacobs JP, Mazarati AM. Susceptibility to epilepsy after traumatic brain injury is associated with preexistent gut microbiome profile. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1835-1848. [PMID: 35366338 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is associated with measurable perturbations in gut microbiome. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury (LFPI). PTE was examined 7 months after LFPI, during a 4-week continuous video-EEG monitoring. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing was performed in fecal samples collected before LFPI/sham-LFPI and 1 week, 1 and 7 months thereafter. Longitudinal analyses of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential microbial abundance were performed. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in fecal samples collected before LFPI by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. RESULTS Alpha diversity changed over time in both LFPI and sham-LFPI subjects; no association was observed between alpha diversity and LFPI, the severity of post-LFPI neuromotor impairments, and PTE. LFPI produced significant changes in beta diversity and selective changes in microbial abundances associated with the severity of neuromotor impairments. No association between LFPI-dependent microbial perturbations and PTE was detected. PTE was associated with beta diversity irrespective of timepoint vis-à-vis LFPI, including at baseline. Preexistent fecal microbial abundances of four amplicon sequence variants belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family (three enriched and one depleted) predicted the risk of PTE with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73. Global SCFA content was associated with the increased risk of PTE with AUC of 0.722, and with 2-Methylbutyric (depleted), valeric (depleted), isobutyric (enriched) and isovaleric (enriched) acids being most important factors (AUC of 0.717). When the analyses of baseline microbial and SCFA compositions were combined, AUC to predict PTE increased to 0.78. SIGNIFICANCE While LFPI produces no perturbations in the gut microbiome that are associated with PTE, the risk of PTE can be stratified based on preexistent microbial abundances and SCFA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus-Servando Medel-Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA.,Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA
| | | | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenzhu Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul Korey Department of Neurology, Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, DGSOM UCLA.,Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA.,Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrey M Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA.,Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA
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Soriano S, Curry K, Sadrameli SS, Wang Q, Nute M, Reeves E, Kabir R, Wiese J, Criswell A, Schodrof S, Britz GW, Gadhia R, Podell K, Treangen T, Villapol S. Alterations to the gut microbiome after sport-related concussion in a collegiate football players cohort: A pilot study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 21:100438. [PMID: 35284846 PMCID: PMC8914332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Concussions, both single and repetitive, cause brain and body alterations in athletes during contact sports. The role of the brain-gut connection and changes in the microbiota have not been well established after sports-related concussions or repetitive subconcussive impacts. We recruited 33 Division I Collegiate football players and collected blood, stool, and saliva samples at three time points throughout the athletic season: mid-season, following the last competitive game (post-season), and after a resting period in the off-season. Additional samples were collected from four athletes that suffered from a concussion. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome revealed a decrease in abundance for two bacterial species, Eubacterium rectale, and Anaerostipes hadrus, after a diagnosed concussion. No significant differences were found regarding the salivary microbiome. Serum biomarker analysis shows an increase in GFAP blood levels in athletes during the competitive season. Additionally, S100β and SAA blood levels were positively correlated with the abundance of Eubacterium rectale species among the group of athletes that did not suffer a diagnosed concussion during the sports season. These findings provide initial evidence that detecting changes in the gut microbiome may help to improve concussion diagnosis following head injury. A longitudinal study following college football athletes across a sports season. Nanopore 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiome reveals changes after head injury. Serum biomarker GFAP increased during the competitive period of the season. S100β and SAA blood levels were positively correlated with Eubacterium rectale. Gut microbiota is suggested as a future biomarker for diagnosis following head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Curry
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, TX, USA
| | - Michael Nute
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reeves
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rasadul Kabir
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Wiese
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber Criswell
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Schodrof
- Department of Athletics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gavin W Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajan Gadhia
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Podell
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Treangen
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
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Yuan B, Lu XJ, Wu Q. Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800796. [PMID: 35003127 PMCID: PMC8740048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are the common causes of death or lifelong disabilities. Research into the role of the gut microbiota in modulating CNS function has been rapidly increasing in the past few decades, particularly in animal models. Growing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the modulation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms fundamental to the progression of acute CNS injury-induced pathophysiological processes. The altered composition of gut microbiota after acute CNS injury damages the equilibrium of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary brain injury, cognitive impairments, and motor dysfunctions, which leads to poor prognosis by triggering pro-inflammatory responses in both peripheral circulation and CNS. This review summarizes the studies concerning gut microbiota and acute CNS injuries. Experimental models identify a bidirectional communication between the gut and CNS in post-injury gut dysbiosis, intestinal lymphatic tissue-mediated neuroinflammation, and bacterial-metabolite-associated neurotransmission. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics manipulating the gut microbiota can be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate secondary brain injury and facilitate functional outcomes. The role of gut microbiota in acute CNS injury would be an exciting frontier in clinical and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yanckello LM, Fanelli B, McCulloch S, Xing X, Sun M, Hammond TC, Colwell R, Gu Z, Ericsson AC, Chang YH, Bachstetter AD, Lin AL. Inulin Supplementation Mitigates Gut Dysbiosis and Brain Impairment Induced by Mild Traumatic Brain Injury during Chronic Phase. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 4:50-64. [PMID: 35611116 PMCID: PMC9126115 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.4.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been shown to acutely alter the gut microbiome diversity and composition, known as dysbiosis, which can further exacerbate metabolic and vascular changes in the brain in both humans and rodents. However, it remains unknown how mTBI affects the gut microbiome in the chronic phase recovery (past one week post injury). It is also unknown if injury recovery can be improved by mitigating dysbiosis. The goal of the study is to fill the knowledge gap. First, we aim to understand how mTBI alters the gut microbiome through the chronic period of recovery (3 months post injury). In addition, as the gut microbiome can be modulated by diet, we also investigated if prebiotic inulin, a fermentable fiber that promotes growth of beneficial bacteria and metabolites, would mitigate dysbiosis, improve systemic metabolism, and protect brain structural and vascular integrity when administered after 3 months post closed head injury (CHI). We found that CHI given to male mice at 4 months of age induced gut dysbiosis which peaked at 1.5 months post injury, reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and altered brain white matter integrity. Interestingly, we also found that Sham mice had transient dysbiosis, which peaked 24 hours after injury and then normalized. After 8 weeks of inulin feeding, CHI mice had increased abundance of beneficial/anti-inflammatory bacteria, reduced abundance of pathogenic bacteria, enriched levels of short-chain fatty acids, and restored CBF in both hippocampi and left thalamus, compared to the CHI-control fed and Sham groups. Using machine learning, we further identified top bacterial species that separate Sham and CHI mice with and without the diet. Our results indicate that there is an injury- and time-dependent dysbiosis between CHI and Sham mice; inulin is effective to mitigate dysbiosis and improve brain injury recovery in the CHI mice. As there are currently no effective treatments for mTBI, the study may have profound implications for developing therapeutics or preventive interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille M. Yanckello
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Brian Fanelli
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Xin Xing
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - McKenna Sun
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Tyler C. Hammond
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Rita Colwell
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, United States of America
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Institute for Data Science &Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO United States of America
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50
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Ferrara M, Bertozzi G, Zanza C, Longhitano Y, Piccolella F, Lauritano CE, Volonnino G, Manetti AC, Maiese A, La Russa R. Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Brain Axis: The Disruption of an Alliance. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2022; 17:268-279. [PMID: 35733301 DOI: 10.2174/1574887117666220622143423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be considered a "silent epidemic", causing morbidity, disability, and mortality in all age cohorts. Therefore, a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiological intricate mechanisms and interactions with other organs and systems is necessary to intervene not only in the treatment but also in the prevention of complications. In this complex of reciprocal interactions, the complex brain-gut axis has captured a growing interest. SCOPE The purpose of this manuscript is to examine and systematize existing evidence regarding the pathophysiological processes that occur following TBI and the influences exerted on these by the brain-gut axis. LITERATURE REVIEW A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology. On the 8th of October 2021, two independent databases were searched: PubMed and Scopus. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected, 24 (12 from PubMed and 12 from Scopus) eligible manuscripts were included in the present review. Moreover, references from the selected articles were also updated following the criteria mentioned above, yielding 91 included manuscripts. DISCUSSION Published evidence suggests that the brain and gut are mutually influenced through four main pathways: microbiota, inflammatory, nervous, and endocrine. CONCLUSION These pathways are bidirectional and interact with each other. However, the studies conducted so far mainly involve animals. An autopsy methodological approach to corpses affected by traumatic brain injury or intestinal pathology could represent the keystone for future studies to clarify the complex pathophysiological processes underlying the interaction between these two main systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrara
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertozzi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Foundation of "Ospedale Alba-Bra Onlus and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Emergency Medicine- "Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital" Verduno, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care - AON SS Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital- Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Piccolella
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care - AON SS Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital- Alessandria, Italy
| | - Cristiano Ernesto Lauritano
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care - AON SS Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Hospital- Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Volonnino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
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