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Luh D, Heiles S, Roderfeld M, Grevelding CG, Roeb E, Spengler B. Hepatic Topology of Glycosphingolipids in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Hamsters. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6311-6320. [PMID: 38594017 PMCID: PMC11044111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by worm parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Upon infection, parasite eggs can lodge inside of host organs like the liver. This leads to granuloma formation, which is the main cause of the pathology of schistosomiasis. To better understand the different levels of host-pathogen interaction and pathology, our study focused on the characterization of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). For this purpose, GSLs in livers of infected and noninfected hamsters were studied by combining high-spatial-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) with nanoscale hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-HILIC MS/MS). Nano-HILIC MS/MS revealed 60 GSL species with a distinct saccharide and ceramide composition. AP-SMALDI MSI measurements were conducted in positive- and negative-ion mode for the visualization of neutral and acidic GSLs. Based on nano-HILIC MS/MS results, we discovered no downregulated but 50 significantly upregulated GSLs in liver samples of infected hamsters. AP-SMALDI MSI showed that 44 of these GSL species were associated with the granulomas in the liver tissue. Our findings suggest an important role of GSLs during granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Luh
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Lipidomics,
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Elke Roeb
- Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Ma Y, Guo W, Mou Q, Shao X, Lyu M, Garcia V, Kong L, Lewis W, Ward C, Yang Z, Pan X, Yi SS, Lu Y. Spatial imaging of glycoRNA in single cells with ARPLA. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:608-616. [PMID: 37217750 PMCID: PMC10663388 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the biological roles of glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs), a recently discovered class of glycosylated molecules, because of a lack of visualization methods. We report sialic acid aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated proximity ligation assay (ARPLA) to visualize glycoRNAs in single cells with high sensitivity and selectivity. The signal output of ARPLA occurs only when dual recognition of a glycan and an RNA triggers in situ ligation, followed by rolling circle amplification of a complementary DNA, which generates a fluorescent signal by binding fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides. Using ARPLA, we detect spatial distributions of glycoRNAs on the cell surface and their colocalization with lipid rafts as well as the intracellular trafficking of glycoRNAs through SNARE protein-mediated secretory exocytosis. Studies in breast cell lines suggest that surface glycoRNA is inversely associated with tumor malignancy and metastasis. Investigation of the relationship between glycoRNAs and monocyte-endothelial cell interactions suggests that glycoRNAs may mediate cell-cell interactions during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Quanbing Mou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiangli Shao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mingkuan Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Linggen Kong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Whitney Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carson Ward
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Stephen Yi
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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3
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Brackenridge S, John N, Früh K, Borrow P, McMichael AJ. The antibodies 3D12 and 4D12 recognise distinct epitopes and conformations of HLA-E. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329032. [PMID: 38571959 PMCID: PMC10987726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The commonly used antibodies 3D12 and 4D12 recognise the human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) protein. These antibodies bind distinct epitopes on HLA-E and differ in their ability to bind alleles of the major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E) proteins of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. We confirmed that neither antibody cross-reacts with classical HLA alleles, and used hybrids of different MHC-E alleles to map the regions that are critical for their binding. 3D12 recognises a region on the alpha 3 domain, with its specificity for HLA-E resulting from the amino acids present at three key positions (219, 223 and 224) that are unique to HLA-E, while 4D12 binds to the start of the alpha 2 domain, adjacent to the C terminus of the presented peptide. 3D12 staining is increased by incubation of cells at 27°C, and by addition of the canonical signal sequence peptide presented by HLA-E peptide (VL9, VMAPRTLVL). This suggests that 3D12 may bind peptide-free forms of HLA-E, which would be expected to accumulate at the cell surface when cells are incubated at lower temperatures, as well as HLA-E with peptide. Therefore, additional studies are required to determine exactly what forms of HLA-E can be recognised by 3D12. In contrast, while staining with 4D12 was also increased when cells were incubated at 27°C, it was decreased when the VL9 peptide was added. We conclude that 4D12 preferentially binds to peptide-free HLA-E, and, although not suitable for measuring the total cell surface levels of MHC-E, may putatively identify peptide-receptive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brackenridge
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nessy John
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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4
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Nojima H, Shimizu H, Murakami T, Shuto K, Koda K. Critical Roles of the Sphingolipid Metabolic Pathway in Liver Regeneration, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:850. [PMID: 38473211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolic pathway, an important signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune regulation. The liver has the unique ability to regenerate using bioactive lipid mediators involving multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Dysregulation of the balance between sphingomyelin, ceramide, and S1P has been implicated in the regulation of liver regeneration and diseases, including liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding and modulating this balance may have therapeutic implications for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis in HCC. For cancer therapy, several inhibitors and activators of sphingolipid signaling, including ABC294640, SKI-II, and FTY720, have been discussed. Here, we elucidate the critical roles of the sphingolipid pathway in the regulation of liver regeneration, fibrosis, and HCC. Regulation of sphingolipids and their corresponding enzymes may considerably influence new insights into therapies for various liver disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Shuto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Keiji Koda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
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5
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Liu J, Liu X, Luo Y, Huang F, Xie Y, Zheng S, Jia B, Xiao Z. Sphingolipids: drivers of cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:149-165. [PMID: 38015241 PMCID: PMC10858135 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are vital constituents of the plasma membrane of animal cells and concurrently regulate numerous cellular processes. An escalating number of research have evinced that SLs assume a crucial part in the progression of tissue fibrosis, a condition for which no efficacious cure exists as of now. Cardiac fibrosis, and in particular, atrial fibrosis, is a key factor in the emergence of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF has become one of the most widespread cardiac arrhythmias globally, with its incidence continuing to mount, thereby propelling it to the status of a major public health concern. This review expounds on the structure and biosynthesis pathways of several pivotal SLs, the pathophysiological mechanisms of AF, and the function of SLs in cardiac fibrosis. Delving into the influence of sphingolipid levels in the alleviation of cardiac fibrosis offers innovative therapeutic strategies to address cardiac fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangze Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Jin X, Cheng H, Chen X, Cao X, Xiao C, Ding F, Qu H, Wang PG, Feng Y, Yang GY. A modular chemoenzymatic cascade strategy for the structure-customized assembly of ganglioside analogs. Commun Chem 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38238524 PMCID: PMC10796935 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides play vital biological regulatory roles and are associated with neurological system diseases, malignancies, and immune deficiencies. They have received extensive attention in developing targeted drugs and diagnostic markers. However, it is difficult to obtain enough structurally defined gangliosides and analogs especially at an industrial-relevant scale, which prevent exploring structure-activity relationships and identifying drug ingredients. Here, we report a highly modular chemoenzymatic cascade assembly (MOCECA) strategy for customized and large-scale synthesis of ganglioside analogs with various glycan and ceramide epitopes. We typically accessed five gangliosides with therapeutic promising and systematically prepared ten GM1 analogs with diverse ceramides. Through further process amplification, we achieved industrial production of ganglioside GM1 in the form of modular assembly at hectogram scale. Using MOCECA-synthesized GM1 analogs, we found unique ceramide modifications on GM1 could enhance the ability to promote neurite outgrowth. By comparing the structures with synthetic analogs, we further resolved the problem of contradicting descriptions for GM1 components in different pharmaceutical documents by reinterpreting the exact two-component structures of commercialized GM1 drugs. Because of its applicability and stability, the MOCECA strategy can be extended to prepare other glycosphingolipid structures, which may pave the way for developing new glycolipid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengling Ding
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Huirong Qu
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Jamjoum R, Majumder S, Issleny B, Stiban J. Mysterious sphingolipids: metabolic interrelationships at the center of pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1229108. [PMID: 38235387 PMCID: PMC10791800 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1229108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are complex and intertwined. Deficiencies in one or more enzymes in a given pathway are directly linked with genetic diseases, most of them having devastating manifestations. The metabolic pathways undertaken by sphingolipids are diverse and elaborate with ceramide species serving as the hubs of sphingolipid intermediary metabolism and function. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that serve a multitude of cellular functions. Being pleiotropic in function, deficiency or overproduction of certain sphingolipids is associated with many genetic and chronic diseases. In this up-to-date review article, we strive to gather recent scientific evidence about sphingolipid metabolism, its enzymes, and regulation. We shed light on the importance of sphingolipid metabolism in a variety of genetic diseases and in nervous and immune system ailments. This is a comprehensive review of the state of the field of sphingolipid biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Jamjoum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Saurav Majumder
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Batoul Issleny
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
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8
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Wolf B, Blaschke CRK, Mungaray S, Weselman BT, Stefanenko M, Fedoriuk M, Bai H, Rodgers J, Palygin O, Drake RR, Nowling TK. Metabolic Markers and Association of Biological Sex in Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16490. [PMID: 38003679 PMCID: PMC10671813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication for many patients who develop systemic lupus erythematosus, which primarily afflicts women. Our studies to identify biomarkers and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying LN will provide a better understanding of disease progression and sex bias, and lead to identification of additional potential therapeutic targets. The glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer) and N-linked glycosylated proteins (N-glycans) were measured in urine and serum collected from LN and healthy control (HC) subjects (10 females and 10 males in each group). The sera from the LN and HC subjects were used to stimulate cytokine secretion and intracellular Ca2+ flux in female- and male-derived primary human renal mesangial cells (hRMCs). Significant differences were observed in the urine of LN patients compared to HCs. All major LacCers species were significantly elevated and differences between LN and HC were more pronounced in males. 72 individual N-glycans were altered in LN compared to HC and three N-glycans were significantly different between the sexes. In hRMCs, Ca2+ flux, but not cytokine secretion, was higher in response to LN sera compared to HC sera. Ca2+ flux, cytokine secretion, and glycosphingolipid levels were significantly higher in female-derived compared to male-derived hRMCs. Relative abundance of some LacCers and hexosylceramides were higher in female-derived compared to male-derived hRMCs. Urine LacCers and N-glycome could serve as definitive LN biomarkers and likely reflect renal disease activity. Despite higher sensitivity of female hRMCs, males may experience greater increases in LacCers, which may underscore worse disease in males. Elevated glycosphingolipid metabolism may poise renal cells to be more sensitive to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Calvin R. K. Blaschke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue Basic Science Building 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (B.T.W.); (H.B.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Sandy Mungaray
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (S.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Bryan T. Weselman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue Basic Science Building 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (B.T.W.); (H.B.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Sciences Building, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.F.); (O.P.)
| | - Mykhailo Fedoriuk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Sciences Building, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.F.); (O.P.)
| | - Hongxia Bai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue Basic Science Building 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (B.T.W.); (H.B.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Jessalyn Rodgers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (S.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Sciences Building, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.F.); (O.P.)
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue Basic Science Building 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (B.T.W.); (H.B.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Tamara K. Nowling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (S.M.); (J.R.)
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Yin Y, Cao L, Zhang M, Li Y, Sun C, Ma Q, Liu Z, Li C, Yu Z, Guan X. Integrative proteomic and metabonomic profiling elucidates amino acid and lipid metabolism disorder in CA-MRSA-infected breast abscesses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1240743. [PMID: 38029258 PMCID: PMC10679464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1240743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing have been the gold standard for confirming community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in breast abscess with a long history. However, these tests may delay treatment and increase the risk of nosocomial infections. To handle and improve this critical situation, this study aimed to explore biomarkers that could facilitate the rapid diagnosis of CA-MRSA infection. Methods This study for the first time applied label-free quantitative proteomics and non-targeted metabonomics to identify potential differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in breast abscess infected with CA-MRSA compared to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The two omics data were integrated and analyzed using bioinformatics, and the results were validated using Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the identified biomarkers for diagnosing CA-MRSA infection. Results After using the above-mentioned strategies, 109 DEPs were identified, out of which 86 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated. Additionally, a total of 61 and 26 DEMs were initially screened in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. A conjoint analysis indicated that the amino acid metabolism, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways were co-enriched by the upstream DEPs and downstream DEMs, which may be involved in structuring the related network of CA-MRSA infection. Furthermore, three significant DEMs, namely, indole-3-acetic acid, L-(-)-methionine, and D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, displayed good discriminative abilities in early identification of CA-MRSA infection in ROC analysis. Conclusion As there is limited high-quality evidence and multiple omics research in this field, the explored candidate biomarkers and pathways may provide new insights into the early diagnosis and drug resistance mechanisms of CA-MRSA infection in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Cao
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhua Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Sikorski P, Li Y, Cheema M, Wolfe GI, Kusner LL, Aban I, Kaminski HJ. Serum metabolomics of treatment response in myasthenia gravis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287654. [PMID: 37816000 PMCID: PMC10564178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-dose prednisone use, lasting several months or longer, is the primary initial therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG). Upwards of a third of patients do not respond to treatment. Currently no biomarkers can predict clinical responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment. We conducted a discovery-based study to identify treatment responsive biomarkers in MG using sera obtained at study entry to the thymectomy clinical trial (MGTX), an NIH-sponsored randomized, controlled study of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone. METHODS We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro-spray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry to obtain comparative serum metabolomic and lipidomic profiles at study entry to correlate with treatment response at 6 months. Treatment response was assessed using validated outcome measures of minimal manifestation status (MMS), MG-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), Quantitative MG (QMG) score, or a strictly defined composite measure of response. RESULTS Increased serum levels of phospholipids were associated with treatment response as assessed by QMG, MMS, and the Responders classification, but all measures showed limited overlap in metabolomic profiles, in particular the MG-ADL. A panel including histidine, free fatty acid (13:0), γ-cholestenol and guanosine was highly predictive of the strictly defined treatment response measure. The AUC in Responders' prediction for these markers was 0.90 irrespective of gender, age, thymectomy or baseline prednisone use. Pathway analysis suggests that xenobiotic metabolism could play a major role in treatment resistance. There was no association with outcome and gender, age, thymectomy or baseline prednisone use. INTERPRETATION We have defined a metabolomic and lipidomic profile that can now undergo validation as a treatment predictive marker for MG patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy. Metabolomic profiles of outcome measures had limited overlap consistent with their assessing distinct aspects of treatment response and supporting unique biological underpinning for each outcome measure. Interindividual variation in prednisone metabolism may be a determinate of how well patients respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sikorski
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mehar Cheema
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gil I. Wolfe
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo/SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Inmaculada Aban
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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11
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Ortiz-Soto ME, Baier M, Brenner D, Timm M, Seibel J. Single-mutations at the galactose-binding site of enzymes GalK, GalU, and LgtC enable the efficient synthesis of UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose and azido-functionalized Gb3 analogs. Glycobiology 2023; 33:651-660. [PMID: 37283491 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide Gb3 is linked to the deficient activity of the α-galactosidase A in the Anderson-Fabry disease and an elevated level of deacylated Gb3 is a hallmark of this condition. Localization of Gb3 in the plasma membrane is critical for studying how the membrane organization and its dynamics are affected in this genetic disorder. Gb3 analogs containing a terminal 6-azido-functionalized galactose in its head group globotriose (αGal1, 4βGal1, and 4Glc) are attractive chemical reporters for bioimaging, as the azido-group may act as a chemical tag for bio-orthogonal click chemistry. We report here the production of azido-Gb3 analogs employing mutants of galactokinase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and α-1,4-galactosyltransferase LgtC, which participate in the synthesis of the sugar motif globotriose. Variants of enzymes galactokinase/UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase generate UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, which is the galactosyl-donor used by LgtC for transferring the terminal galactose moiety to lactosyl-acceptors. Residues at the galactose-binding site of the 3 enzymes were modified to facilitate the accommodation of azido-functionalized substrates and variants outperforming the wild-type enzymes were characterized. Synthesis of 6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose-1-phosphate, UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, and azido-Gb3 analogs by variants GalK-E37S, GalU-D133V, and LgtC-Q187S, respectively, is 3-6-fold that of their wild-type counterparts. Coupled reactions with these variants permit the production of the pricy, unnatural galactosyl-donor UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose with ~90% conversion yields, and products azido-globotriose and lyso-AzGb3 with substrate conversion of up to 70%. AzGb3 analogs could serve as precursors for the synthesis of other tagged glycosphingolipids of the globo-series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Ortiz-Soto
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Makarius Baier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Brenner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte Timm
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Lai Z, Afriyie G, Cui H, Chen L, Xu Z, Chen Z, Liang Q, Luo J, Dong Z, Shao C, Guo Y, Wang Z. The First High-Quality Chromosome-Level Genome of the Lutjanus erythropterus (Bloch, 1790) Using Single-Tube Long Fragment Reads and Hi-C Technologies. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad171. [PMID: 37768150 PMCID: PMC10558211 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutjanus erythropterus (Bloch, 1790), a Perciformes from the Lutjanidae family, is a commercially important species because of its taste and abundance. Despite the increase in genome resources in recent years, few genome assemblies are available within this fish family for comparative and functional studies. In this study, we determined the chromosomal genome of Crimson snapper using high-throughput Single-Tube Long Fragment Reads sequencing technology and Hi-C data. The final assembly size was 973.04 Mb with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.51 and 40.65 Mb, respectively. We successfully scaffolded 95.84% of the genome sequence onto 24 chromosomes ranging in length from 19.37 to 49.48 Mb. A total of 22,663 genes and 13,877 gene families were identified in the genome, with 29 gene families being L. erythropterus-specific. A phylogenetic analysis using single-copy gene families showed that L. erythropterus and Larimichthys crocea had the closest genetic relationship with a divergence time of ∼47.7 Ma. This new genomic resource will facilitate comparative genomic studies as well as genetic breeding programs for L. erythropterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Gyamfua Afriyie
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenmin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quilu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong, China
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13
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Sharma N, Pandey S, Yadav M, Mathew B, Bindal V, Sharma N, Tripathi G, Bhat SH, Gupta A, Maiwall R, Sharma S, Sarin SK, Maras JS. Biomolecular map of albumin identifies signatures of severity and early mortality in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2023; 79:677-691. [PMID: 37116716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is associated with high mortality. Alterations in albumin structure and function have been shown to correlate with outcomes in cirrhosis. We undertook a biomolecular analysis of albumin to determine its correlation with hepatocellular injury and early mortality in ALF. METHODS Altogether, 225 participants (200 patients with ALF and 25 healthy controls [HC]) were enrolled. Albumin was purified from the baseline plasma of the training cohort (ALF, n = 40; survivors, n = 8; non-survivors, n = 32; and HC, n = 5); analysed for modifications, functionality, and bound multi-omics signatures; and validated in a test cohort (ALF, n = 160; survivors, n = 53; non-survivors, n = 107; and HC, n = 20). RESULTS In patients with ALF, albumin is more oxidised and glycosylated with a distinct multi-omics profile than that in HC, more so in non-survivors (p <0.05). In non-survivors, albumin was more often bound (p <0.05, false discovery rate <0.01) to proteins associated with inflammation, advanced glycation end product, metabolites linked to arginine, proline metabolism, bile acid, and mitochondrial breakdown products. Increased bacterial taxa (Listeria, Clostridium, etc.) correlated with lipids (triglycerides [4:0/12:0/12:0] and phosphatidylserine [39:0]) and metabolites (porphobilinogen and nicotinic acid) in non-survivors (r2 >0.7). Multi-omics signature-based probability of detection for non-survival was >90% and showed direct correlation with albumin functionality and clinical parameters (r2 >0.85). Probability-of-detection metabolites built on the top five metabolites, namely, nicotinic acid, l-acetyl carnitine, l-carnitine, pregnenolone sulfate, and N-(3-hydroxybutanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, showed diagnostic accuracy of 98% (AUC 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.0) and distinguish patients with ALF predisposed to early mortality (log-rank <0.05). On validation using high-resolution mass spectrometry and five machine learning algorithms in test cohort 1 (plasma and paired one-drop blood), the metabolome panel showed >92% accuracy/sensitivity and specificity for prediction of mortality. CONCLUSIONS In ALF, albumin is hyperoxidised and substantially dysfunctional. Our study outlines distinct 'albuminome' signatures capable of distinguishing patients with ALF predisposed to early mortality or requiring emergency liver transplantation. IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS Here, we report that the biomolecular map of albumin is distinct and linked to severity and outcome in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Detailed structural, functional, and albumin-omics analysis in patients with ALF led to the identification and classification of albumin-bound biomolecules, which could segregate patients with ALF predisposed to early mortality. More importantly, we found albumin-bound metabolites indicative of mitochondrial damage and hyperinflammation as a putative indicator of <30-day mortality in patients with ALF. This preclinical study validates the utility of albuminome analysis for understanding the pathophysiology and development of poor outcome indicators in patients with ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushmita Pandey
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasundhra Bindal
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Sharma
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadam H Bhat
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishak Gupta
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shvetank Sharma
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Spanos F, Deleidi M. Glycolipids in Parkinson's disease: beyond neuronal function. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1558-1579. [PMID: 37219461 PMCID: PMC10476577 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid balance is key to normal body function, and its alteration can lead to a variety of diseases involving multiple organs and tissues. Glycolipid disturbances are also involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and aging. Increasing evidence suggests that glycolipids affect cellular functions beyond the brain, including the peripheral immune system, intestinal barrier, and immunity. Hence, the interplay between aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures could initiate systemic and local glycolipid changes that lead to inflammatory reactions and neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the link between glycolipid metabolism and immune function and how these metabolic changes can exacerbate immunological contributions to neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on PD. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control glycolipid pathways and their impact on both peripheral tissues and the brain will help unravel how glycolipids shape immune and nervous system communication and the development of novel drugs to prevent PD and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokion Spanos
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenGermany
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15
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van der Haar Àvila I, Windhouwer B, van Vliet SJ. Current state-of-the-art on ganglioside-mediated immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:941-958. [PMID: 37266839 PMCID: PMC10584724 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycolipids, mainly present at the cell surface membrane, involved in a variety of cellular signaling events. During malignant transformation, the composition of these glycosphingolipids is altered, leading to structural and functional changes, which are often negatively correlated to patient survival. Cancer cells have the ability to shed gangliosides into the tumor microenvironment, where they have a strong impact on anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Since most ganglioside species show prominent immunosuppressive activities, they might be considered checkpoint molecules released to counteract ongoing immunosurveillance. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art on the ganglioside-mediated immunomodulation, specified for the different immune cells and individual gangliosides. In addition, we address the dual role that certain gangliosides play in the tumor microenvironment. Even though some ganglioside species have been more extensively studied than others, they are proven to contribute to the defense mechanisms of the tumor and should be regarded as promising therapeutic targets for inclusion in future immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Windhouwer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Ziganshina MM, Shilova NV, Khalturina EO, Dolgushina NV, V Borisevich S, Yarotskaya EL, Bovin NV, Sukhikh GT. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-Glycan Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1584. [PMID: 37515270 PMCID: PMC10384250 DOI: 10.3390/v15071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon where virus-specific antibodies paradoxically cause enhanced viral replication and/or excessive immune responses, leading to infection exacerbation, tissue damage, and multiple organ failure. ADE has been observed in many viral infections and is supposed to complicate the course of COVID-19. However, the evidence is insufficient. Since no specific laboratory markers have been described, the prediction and confirmation of ADE are very challenging. The only possible predictor is the presence of already existing (after previous infection) antibodies that can bind to viral epitopes and promote the disease enhancement. At the same time, the virus-specific antibodies are also a part of immune response against a pathogen. These opposite effects of antibodies make ADE research controversial. The assignment of immunoglobulins to ADE-associated or virus neutralizing is based on their affinity, avidity, and content in blood. However, these criteria are not clearly defined. Another debatable issue (rather terminological, but no less important) is that in most publications about ADE, all immunoglobulins produced by the immune system against pathogens are qualified as pre-existing antibodies, thus ignoring the conventional use of this term for natural antibodies produced without any stimulation by pathogens. Anti-glycan antibodies (AGA) make up a significant part of the natural immunoglobulins pool, and there is some evidence of their antiviral effect, particularly in COVID-19. AGA have been shown to be involved in ADE in bacterial infections, but their role in the development of ADE in viral infections has not been studied. This review focuses on pros and cons for AGA as an ADE trigger. We also present the results of our pilot studies, suggesting that AGAs, which bind to complex epitopes (glycan plus something else in tight proximity), may be involved in the development of the ADE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Ziganshina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia O Khalturina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Dolgushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina L Yarotskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Vaivade A, Wiberg A, Khoonsari PE, Carlsson H, Herman S, Al-Grety A, Freyhult E, Olsson-Strömberg U, Burman J, Kultima K. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation significantly alters circulating ceramides in peripheral blood of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:97. [PMID: 37420217 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system. For more than 25 years autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been used to treat MS. It has been shown to be highly effective in suppressing inflammatory activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. This treatment is thought to lead to an immune system reset, inducing a new, more tolerant system; however, the precise mechanism behind the treatment effect in MS patients is unknown. In this study, the effect of AHSCT on the metabolome and lipidome in peripheral blood from RRMS patients was investigated. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 16 patients with RRMS at ten-time points over the five months course of AHSCT and 16 MS patients not treated with AHSCT. Metabolomics and lipidomics analysis were performed using liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mixed linear models, differential expression analysis, and cluster analysis were used to identify differentially expressed features and groups of features that could be of interest. Finally, in-house and in-silico libraries were used for feature identification, and enrichment analysis was performed. RESULTS Differential expression analysis found 657 features in the lipidomics dataset and 34 in the metabolomics dataset to be differentially expressed throughout AHSCT. The administration of cyclophosphamide during mobilization and conditioning was associated with decreased concentrations in glycerophosphoinositol species. Thymoglobuline administration was associated with an increase in ceramide and glycerophosphoethanolamine species. After the conditioning regimen, a decrease in glycerosphingoidlipids concentration was observed, and following hematopoietic stem cell reinfusion glycerophosphocholine concentrations decreased for a short period of time. Ceramide concentrations were strongly associated with leukocyte levels during the procedure. The ceramides Cer(d19:1/14:0) and Cer(d20:1/12:0) were found to be increased (P < .05) in concentration at the three-month follow-up compared to baseline. C16 ceramide, Cer(D18:2/16:0), and CerPE(d16:2(4E,6E)/22:0) were found to be significantly increased in concentration after AHSCT compared to prior to treatment as well as compared to newly diagnosed RRMS patients. CONCLUSION AHSCT had a larger impact on the lipids in peripheral blood compared to metabolites. The variation in lipid concentration reflects the transient changes in the peripheral blood milieu during the treatment, rather than the changes in the immune system that are assumed to be the cause of clinical improvement within RRMS patients treated with AHSCT. Ceramide concentrations were affected by AHSCT and associated with leukocyte counts and were altered three months after treatment, suggesting a long-lasting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Vaivade
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swede, Sweden
| | - Anna Wiberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henrik Carlsson
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swede, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Herman
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swede, Sweden
| | - Asma Al-Grety
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swede, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Olsson-Strömberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swede, Sweden
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18
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Xia T, Wu X, Hong E, Jung K, Lai CJ, Kwak MJ, Seo H, Kim S, Jiang Z, Cha I, Jung JU. Glucosylceramide is essential for Heartland and Dabie bandavirus glycoprotein-induced membrane fusion. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011232. [PMID: 36920967 PMCID: PMC10016662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate changes, there has been a large expansion of emerging tick-borne zoonotic viruses, including Heartland bandavirus (HRTV) and Dabie bandavirus (DBV). As etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with high fatality, HRTV and DBV have been recognized as dangerous viral pathogens that likely cause future wide epidemics. Despite serious health concerns, the mechanisms underlying viral infection are largely unknown. HRTV and DBV Gn and Gc are viral surface glycoproteins required for early entry events during infection. Glycosphingolipids, including galactosylceramide (GalCer), glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer), are a class of membrane lipids that play essential roles in membrane structure and viral lifecycle. Here, our genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen identifies that glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway is essential for HRTV and DBV infection. The deficiency of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) that produces GlcCer resulted in the loss of infectivity of recombinant viruses pseudotyped with HRTV or DBV Gn/Gc glycoproteins. Conversely, exogenous supplement of GlcCer, but not GalCer or LacCer, recovered viral entry of UGCG-deficient cells in a dose-dependent manner. Biophysical analyses showed that GlcCer targeted the lipid-head-group binding pocket of Gc to form a stable protein-lipid complex, which allowed the insertion of Gc protein into host lysosomal membrane lipid bilayers for viral fusion. Mutagenesis showed that D841 residue at the Gc lipid binding pocket was critical for GlcCer interaction and thereby, viral entry. These findings reveal detailed mechanism of GlcCer glycosphingolipid in HRTV and DBV Gc-mediated membrane fusion and provide a potential therapeutic target for tickborne virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eunjin Hong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, United States of America
| | - Kyle Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hogyu Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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19
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Lipidomic Analysis of Hand Skin Surface Lipids Reveals Smoking-Related Skin Changes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020254. [PMID: 36837873 PMCID: PMC9963340 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking contributes to the formation of skin wrinkles and reduces skin function, but the mechanism is not yet fully proven. This study aims to compare and analyze the effects of smoking on skin lipids and to further investigate the harmful effects of smoking on the skin. A total of 40 subjects (20 male smokers and 20 healthy control males) were recruited for this study. Measurement of hand skin-surface lipids (SSLs) in smoking and healthy control groups was undertaken using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Multivariate data analysis was used to investigate the differences in SSLs between the two groups. There were 1230 lipids detected in the two groups and significant differences in SSLs' composition were observed between them. Under selected conditions, 26 types of lipid with significant differences were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Sphingolipids (SP) and glycerolipids (GL) were significantly increased, and sterol lipids (ST) were significantly reduced. Smoking causes changes in skin lipids that disrupt skin homeostasis, making the skin more fragile and more susceptible to skin aging and diseases.
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20
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Dimeric Lectin Chimeras as Novel Candidates for Gb3-Mediated Transcytotic Drug Delivery through Cellular Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010225. [PMID: 36678854 PMCID: PMC9864468 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transcytosis is an elegant and promising strategy for drug delivery across biological barriers. Here, we describe a novel ligand-receptor pair based on a dimeric, engineered derivative of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecA, here termed Di-LecA, and the host cell glycosphingolipid Gb3. We characterized the trafficking kinetics and transcytosis efficiencies in polarized Gb3-positive and -negative MDCK cells using mainly immunofluorescence in combination with confocal microscopy. To evaluate the delivery capacity of dimeric LecA chimeras, EGFP was chosen as a fluorescent model protein representing macromolecules, such as antibody fragments, and fused to either the N- or C-terminus of monomeric LecA using recombinant DNA technology. Both LecA/EGFP fusion proteins crossed cellular monolayers in vitro. Of note, the conjugate with EGFP at the N-terminus of LecA (EGFP-LecA) showed a higher release rate than the conjugate with EGFP at the C-terminus (LecA-EGFP). Based on molecular dynamics simulations and cross-linking studies of giant unilamellar vesicles, we speculate that EGFP-LecA tends to be a dimer while LecA-EGFP forms a tetramer. Overall, we confidently propose the dimeric LecA chimeras as transcytotic drug delivery tools through Gb3-positive cellular barriers for future in vivo tests.
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21
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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22
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Ontiveros-Padilla L, Batty CJ, Hendy DA, Pena ES, Roque JA, Stiepel RT, Carlock MA, Simpson SR, Ross TM, Abraham SN, Staats HF, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Development of a broadly active influenza intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with self-assembled particles composed of mastoparan-7 and CpG. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103765. [PMID: 37033992 PMCID: PMC10081679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed vaccine adjuvants offer limited mucosal immunity, which is needed to better combat respiratory infections such as influenza. Mast cells (MCs) are emerging as a target for a new class of mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Here, we developed and characterized a nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of an MC activator [mastoparan-7 (M7)] and a TLR ligand (CpG). This novel nanoparticle (NP) adjuvant was co-formulated with a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) for hemagglutinin (HA), which is broadly reactive against influenza strains. M7 was combined at different ratios with CpG and tested for in vitro immune responses and cytotoxicity. We observed significantly higher cytokine production in dendritic cells and MCs with the lowest cytotoxicity at a charge-neutralizing ratio of nitrogen/phosphate = 1 for M7 and CpG. This combination formed spherical NPs approximately 200 nm in diameter with self-assembling capacity. Mice were vaccinated intranasally with COBRA HA and M7-CpG NPs in a prime-boost-boost schedule. Vaccinated mice had significantly higher antigen-specific antibody responses (IgG and IgA) in serum and mucosa compared with controls. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice had significantly increased cytokine production upon antigen recall and the presence of central and effector memory T cells in draining lymph nodes. Finally, co-immunization with NPs and COBRA HA induced influenza H3N2-specific HA inhibition antibody titers across multiple strains and partially protected mice from a challenge against an H3N2 virus. These results illustrate that the M7-CpG NP adjuvant combination can induce a protective immune response with a broadly reactive influenza antigen via mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ontiveros-Padilla
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cole J. Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erik S. Pena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State/UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John A. Roque
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebeca T. Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Carlock
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sean R. Simpson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Soman N. Abraham
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Herman F. Staats
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccines Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State/UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Kristy M. Ainslie,
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23
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Bhavanandan VP, Gowda DC. Introduction to the Complexity of Cell Surface and Tissue Matrix Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:1-39. [PMID: 36255670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of structures and functions of complex carbohydrates (commonly called glycans) that are covalently linked to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates known as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. To understand the complexity of the glycan structures, the nature of their monosaccharide building blocks, how the monomeric units are covalently linked to each other, and how the resulting glycans are attached to proteins or lipids are discussed. Then, the classification, nomenclature, structural features, and functions of the glycan moieties of animal glycoconjugates are briefly described. All three classes of glycoconjugates are constituents of plasma membranes of all animal cells, including those of the nervous system. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are also found abundantly as constituents of tissue matrices. Additionally, glycan-rich mucin glycoproteins are the major constituents of mucus secretions of epithelia of various organs. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to the incredible structural complexity and diversity of the glycan moieties of cell surface and extracellular glycoconjugates. Finally, the involvement of glycans as informational molecules in a wide range of essential functions in almost all known biological processes, which are crucial for development, differentiation, and normal functioning of animals, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer P Bhavanandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- , Wellington, FL, USA.
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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24
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Tong X, Peng T, Liu S, Zhang D, Guo J. Transcriptomic Analysis Insight into the Immune Modulation during the Interaction of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Hepialus xiaojinensis. INSECTS 2022; 13:1119. [PMID: 36555029 PMCID: PMC9788539 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is an entomopathogenic fungus that can infect the larva of the ghost moth, Hepialus xiaojinensis, causing mummification after more than one year. This prolonged infection provides a valuable model for studying the immunological interplay between an insect host and a pathogenic fungus. A comparative transcriptome analysis of pre-infection (L) and one-year post-infection (IL) larvae was performed to investigate the immune response in the host. Here, a total of 59,668 unigenes were obtained using Illumina Sequencing in IL and L. Among the 345 identified immune-related genes, 83 out of 86 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) had a much higher expression in IL than in L. Furthermore, the immune-related DEGs were classified as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), signal modulators or transductors, and immune effector molecules. Serpins and protease inhibitors were found to be upregulated in the late phase of infection, suppressing the host’s immune response. Based on the above analysis, the expression levels of most immune-related genes would return to the baseline with the immune response being repressed in the late phase of infection, leading to the fungal immunological tolerance after prolonged infection. Meanwhile, the transcriptomes of IL and the mummified larva (ML) were compared to explore O. sinensis invasion. A total of 1408 novel genes were identified, with 162 of them annotated with putative functions. The gene families likely implicated in O. sinensis pathogenicity have been identified, primarily including serine carboxypeptidase, peroxidase, metalloprotease peptidase, aminopeptidases, cytochrome P450, and oxidoreductase. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of some critical genes that were involved in immune response and fungal pathogenicity. The results showed that their expression levels were consistent with the transcriptomes. Taken together, our findings offered a comprehensive and precise transcriptome study to understand the immune defense in H. xiaojinensis and O. sinensis invasion, which would accelerate the large-scale artificial cultivation of this medicinal fungus.
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25
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Hohenwallner K, Troppmair N, Panzenboeck L, Kasper C, El Abiead Y, Koellensperger G, Lamp LM, Hartler J, Egger D, Rampler E. Decoding Distinct Ganglioside Patterns of Native and Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Novel Glycolipidomics Profiling Strategy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2466-2480. [PMID: 36465531 PMCID: PMC9709940 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are an indispensable glycolipid class concentrated on cell surfaces with a critical role in stem cell differentiation. Nonetheless, owing to the lack of suitable methods for scalable analysis covering the full scope of ganglioside molecular diversity, their mechanistic properties in signaling and differentiation remain undiscovered to a large extent. This work introduces a sensitive and comprehensive ganglioside assay based on liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and multistage fragmentation. Complemented by an open-source data evaluation workflow, we provide automated in-depth lipid species-level and molecular species-level annotation based on decision rule sets for all major ganglioside classes. Compared to conventional state-of-the-art methods, the presented ganglioside assay offers (1) increased sensitivity, (2) superior structural elucidation, and (3) the possibility to detect novel ganglioside species. A major reason for the highly improved sensitivity is the optimized spectral readout based on the unique capability of two parallelizable mass analyzers for multistage fragmentation. We demonstrated the high-throughput universal capability of our novel analytical strategy by identifying 254 ganglioside species. As a proof of concept, 137 unique gangliosides were annotated in native and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells including 78 potential cell-state-specific markers and 38 previously unreported gangliosides. A general increase of the ganglioside numbers upon differentiation was observed as well as cell-state-specific clustering based on the ganglioside species patterns. The combination of the developed glycolipidomics assay with the extended automated annotation tool enables comprehensive in-depth ganglioside characterization as shown on biological samples of interest. Our results suggest ganglioside patterns as a promising quality control tool for stem cells and their differentiation products. Additionally, we believe that our analytical workflow paves the way for probing glycolipid-based biochemical processes shedding light on the enigmatic processes of gangliosides and glycolipids in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hohenwallner
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nina Troppmair
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lisa Panzenboeck
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Leonida M. Lamp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth − University
of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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26
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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27
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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28
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Rugo HS, Cortes J, Barrios CH, Cabrera P, Xu B, Huang CS, Kim SB, Melisko M, Nanda R, Pieńkowski T, Rapoport BL, Schwab R. GLORIA: phase III, open-label study of adagloxad simolenin/OBI-821 in patients with high-risk triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3801-3813. [PMID: 36268941 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest rate of distant metastasis and poorest overall survival among breast cancer subtypes. In a phase II study, adagloxad simolenin (AdaSim), a synthetic Globo H conjugate vaccine administered with adjuvant OBI-821, was shown to induce IgM and IgG anti-Globo H humoral responses in patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing the glycosphingolipid Globo H. GLORIA is an ongoing phase III, randomized, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AdaSim and the quality of life (QoL) of patients receiving AdaSim plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in high-risk, early-stage TNBC. The primary end point is invasive progression-free survival; secondary end points include overall survival, QoL, breast cancer-free interval, distant disease-free survival, safety, and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Javier Cortes
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos H Barrios
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Binghe Xu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | | | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Melisko
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tadeusz Pieńkowski
- Department of Oncology & Breast Diseases, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Richard Schwab
- Moores Cancer Center at University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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29
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Sharma N, Yadav M, Tripathi G, Mathew B, Bindal V, Falari S, Pamecha V, Maras JS. Bile multi-omics analysis classifies lipid species and microbial peptides predictive of carcinoma of gallbladder. Hepatology 2022; 76:920-935. [PMID: 35357716 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Histopathological examination is the gold standard for detection of gallstone (GS) or gallbladder carcinoma (CAGB). Bile concentrated in the gallbladder (GB) is expected to recapitulate metagenomics and molecular changes associated with development of CAGB. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bile samples were screened for lipidomics and metaproteome (metagenomics) signatures capable of early detection of cancer in GB anomalies. Analysis of the training cohort (n = 87) showed that metastability of bile was reduced in CAGB (p < 0.05). CAGB bile showed significant alteration of lipidome and microbiome as indicated by multivariate partial least squares regression analysis and alpha-diversity and beta-diversity indexes (p < 0.05). Significant reduction of lipid species and increase in bacterial taxa were found to be associated with patients with CAGB, CAGB with GS, and GS (p < 0.05, log fold change >1.5). A multimodular correlation network created using weighted lipid/metaproteomic correlation network analysis showed striking associations between lipid and metaproteomic modules and functionality. CAGB-linked metaproteomic modules/functionality directly correlated with lipid modules, species, clinical parameters, and bile acid profile (p < 0.05). Increased bacterial taxa (Leptospira, Salmonella enterica, Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and their functionality showed a direct correlation with lipid classes such as lysophosphatidylinositol, ceramide 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine and development of CAGB (r2 > 0.85). Lipid/metaproteomic signature-based probability of detection for CAGB was > 90%, whereas that for GS was > 80% (p < 0.05). Validation of eight lipid species using four machine learning algorithms in two separate cohorts (n = 38; bile [test cohort 1] and paired plasma [test cohort 2]) showed accuracy (99%) and sensitivity/specificity (>98%) for CAGB detection. CONCLUSIONS Bile samples of patients with CAGB showed significant reduction in lipid species and increase in bacterial taxa. Our study identifies a core set of bile lipidome and metaproteome signatures which may offer universal utility for early diagnosis of CAGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasundhra Bindal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanyam Falari
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Viniyendra Pamecha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sen P, Govaere O, Sinioja T, McGlinchey A, Geng D, Ratziu V, Bugianesi E, Schattenberg JM, Vidal-Puig A, Allison M, Cockell S, Daly AK, Hyötyläinen T, Anstee QM, Orešič M. Quantitative modeling of human liver reveals dysregulation of glycosphingolipid pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. iScience 2022; 25:104949. [PMID: 36065182 PMCID: PMC9440293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with multiple metabolic disturbances, yet the metabolic pathways underlying its progression are poorly understood. Here, we studied metabolic pathways of the human liver across the full histological spectrum of NAFLD. We analyzed whole liver tissue transcriptomics and serum metabolomics data obtained from a large, prospectively enrolled cohort of 206 histologically characterized patients derived from the European NAFLD Registry and developed genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of human hepatocytes at different stages of NAFLD. We identified several metabolic signatures in the liver and blood of these patients, specifically highlighting the alteration of vitamins (A, E) and glycosphingolipids, and their link with complex glycosaminoglycans in advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, we derived GEMs and identified metabolic signatures of three common NAFLD-associated gene variants (PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13). The study demonstrates dysregulated liver metabolic pathways which may contribute to the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Sen
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tim Sinioja
- Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Aidan McGlinchey
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dawei Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Beaujon, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastro-Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Programm, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Simon Cockell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70281 Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Single Cell Analysis Reveals Reciprocal Tumor-Macrophage Intercellular Communications Related with Metabolic Reprogramming in Stem-like Gastric Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152373. [PMID: 35954218 PMCID: PMC9368184 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations and direct cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect the prognostic molecular landscape of tumors; thus, it is imperative to investigate metabolic activity at the single-cell level rather than in bulk samples to understand the high-resolution mechanistic influences of cell-type specific metabolic pathway alterations on tumor cells. To investigate tumor metabolic reprogramming and intercellular communication at the single-cell level, we analyzed eighty-four metabolic pathways, seven metabolic signatures, and tumor-stroma cell interaction using 21,084 cells comprising gastric cancer and paired normal tissue. High EMT-score cells and stem-like subtype tumors showed elevated glycosaminoglycan metabolism, which was associated with poor patient outcome. Adenocarcinoma and macrophage cells had higher reactive oxidative species levels than the normal controls; they largely constituted the highest stemness cluster. They were found to reciprocally communicate through the common ligand RPS19. Consequently, ligand-target regulated transcriptional reprogramming resulted in HS6ST2 expression in adenocarcinoma cells and SERPINE1 expression in macrophages. Gastric cancer patients with increased SERPINE1 and HS6ST2 expression had unfavorable prognoses, suggesting these as potential drug targets. Our findings indicate that malignant stem-like/EMT cancer cell state might be regulated through reciprocal cancer cell-macrophage intercellular communication and metabolic reprogramming in the heterogeneous TME of gastric cancer at the single-cell level.
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Hoji A, Kumar R, Gern JE, Bendixsen CG, Seroogy CM, Cook-Mills JM. Cord blood sphingolipids are associated with atopic dermatitis and wheeze in the first year of life. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:162-171. [PMID: 36117517 PMCID: PMC9479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen-sensitized pregnant mice have increased plasma levels of the lipids β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCers) that are transplacentally transferred to the fetus, increased subsets of proinflammatory dendritic cells in the fetal liver and pup lung, and increased allergen-induced offspring lung inflammation. Objective Our aim was to determine whether these preclinical observations extend to a human association of βGlcCers with wheeze and allergic disease in the prospective Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort. Methods We measured 74 lipids in cord blood plasma by using mass spectrometry detection of sphingolipids, eicosanoids, and docosinoids, as well as an ELISA for 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Lipid profiles were determined by unbiased Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection dimensional reduction machine learning. Lipid profiles and a proinflammatory lipid index were analyzed for association with maternal allergy and childhood outcomes of wheeze, atopic dermatitis, cord blood leukocytes, and total IgE level at age 1 year. Results Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection analysis of lipids defined 8 cluster-specific plasma lipid profiles. Cluster 6 had significantly lower levels of plasma βGlcCers and a higher frequency of cord blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells that mediate anti-inflammatory responses, which is consistent with an anti-inflammatory profile. For clusters and for each infant, a proinflammatory lipid index was calculated to reflect the sum of the proinflammatory lipids minus the anti-inflammatory lipids that were significantly different than in cluster 6. The cluster proinflammatory lipid index was associated with cord blood basophil frequency and with wheeze and atopic dermatitis in the first year of life. The infant inflammatory lipid index was associated with increased risk of wheeze in the first year of life. Conclusion The cord blood proinflammatory lipid index is associated with early-life atopic dermatitis and wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Hoji
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chicago, Ill
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Casper G. Bendixsen
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Joan M. Cook-Mills
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
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Muralidharan S, Torta F, Lin MK, Olona A, Bagnati M, Moreno-Moral A, Ko JH, Ji S, Burla B, Wenk MR, Rodrigues HG, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Immunolipidomics Reveals a Globoside Network During the Resolution of Pro-Inflammatory Response in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926220. [PMID: 35844525 PMCID: PMC9280915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated changes in macrophages reshape intracellular lipid pools to coordinate an effective innate immune response. Although this has been previously well-studied in different model systems, it remains incompletely understood in primary human macrophages. Here we report time-dependent lipidomic and transcriptomic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary human macrophages from healthy donors. We grouped the variation of ~200 individual lipid species measured by LC-MS/MS into eight temporal clusters. Among all other lipids, glycosphingolipids (glycoSP) and cholesteryl esters (CE) showed a sharp increase during the resolution phase (between 8h or 16h post LPS). GlycoSP, belonging to the globoside family (Gb3 and Gb4), showed the greatest inter-individual variability among all lipids quantified. Integrative network analysis between GlycoSP/CE levels and genome-wide transcripts, identified Gb4 d18:1/16:0 and CE 20:4 association with subnetworks enriched for T cell receptor signaling (PDCD1, CD86, PTPRC, CD247, IFNG) and DC-SIGN signaling (RAF1, CD209), respectively. Our findings reveal Gb3 and Gb4 globosides as sphingolipids associated with the resolution phase of inflammatory response in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Muralidharan
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Jacques Behmoaras, ; Federico Torta,
| | - Michelle K. Lin
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antoni Olona
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marta Bagnati
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hosana G. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom,Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Center for Computational Biology (CCB), Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Jacques Behmoaras, ; Federico Torta,
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34
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and a Fresh View on Shiga Toxin-Binding Glycosphingolipids of Primary Human Kidney and Colon Epithelial Cells and Their Toxin Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136884. [PMID: 35805890 PMCID: PMC9266556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the human pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC are responsible for severe colon infections associated with life-threatening extraintestinal complications such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and neurological disturbances. Endothelial cells in various human organs are renowned targets of Stx, whereas the role of epithelial cells of colon and kidneys in the infection process has been and is still a matter of debate. This review shortly addresses the clinical impact of EHEC infections, novel aspects of vesicular package of Stx in the intestine and the blood stream as well as Stx-mediated extraintestinal complications and therapeutic options. Here follows a compilation of the Stx-binding glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) and their various lipoforms present in primary human kidney and colon epithelial cells and their distribution in lipid raft-analog membrane preparations. The last issues are the high and extremely low susceptibility of primary renal and colonic epithelial cells, respectively, suggesting a large resilience of the intestinal epithelium against the human-pathogenic Stx1a- and Stx2a-subtypes due to the low content of the high-affinity Stx-receptor Gb3Cer in colon epithelial cells. The review closes with a brief outlook on future challenges of Stx research.
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35
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Xu M, Leskinen K, Gritti T, Groma V, Arola J, Lepistö A, Sipponen T, Saavalainen P, Söderlund-Venermo M. Prevalence, Cell Tropism, and Clinical Impact of Human Parvovirus Persistence in Adenomatous, Cancerous, Inflamed, and Healthy Intestinal Mucosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914181. [PMID: 35685923 PMCID: PMC9171052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses, infecting many animals from insects to humans. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) causes erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, anemia, and fetal death, and human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 causes respiratory tract infections, while HBoV2-4 are enteric. Parvoviral genomes can persist in diverse non-permissive tissues after acute infection, but the host-cell tropism and the impact of their tissue persistence are poorly studied. We searched for parvoviral DNA in a total of 427 intestinal biopsy specimens, as paired disease-affected and healthy mucosa, obtained from 130 patients with malignancy, ulcerative colitis (UC), or adenomas, and in similar intestinal segments from 55 healthy subjects. Only three (1.6%) individuals exhibited intestinal HBoV DNA (one each of HBoV1, 2, and 3). Conversely, B19V DNA persisted frequently in the intestine, with 50, 47, 31, and 27% detection rates in the patients with malignancy, UC, or adenomas, and in the healthy subjects, respectively. Intra-individually, B19V DNA persisted significantly more often in the healthy intestinal segments than in the inflamed colons of UC patients. The highest loads of B19V DNA were seen in the ileum and colon specimens of two healthy individuals. With dual-RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays, we located the B19V persistence sites of these intestines in mucosal B cells of lymphoid follicles and vascular endothelial cells. Viral messenger RNA transcription remained, however, undetected. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 272 differentially expressed cellular genes between B19V DNA-positive and -negative healthy ileum biopsy specimens. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that B19V persistence activated the intestinal cell viability and inhibited apoptosis. Lifelong B19V DNA persistence thus modulates host gene expression, which may lead to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Leskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Department of Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommaso Gritti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valerija Groma
- Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Riga Stradin,s University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Sipponen
- HUCH Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Department of Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Söderlund-Venermo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Maria Söderlund-Venermo,
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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Han Y, Li Z, Wu Q, Liu H, Sun Z, Wu Y, Luo J. B4GALT5 high expression associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:392. [PMID: 35410157 PMCID: PMC9004124 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B4GALT5 is postulated to be an important protein in sugar metabolism that catalyzes the synthesis of lactosylceramide (LacCer). However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. METHOD We characterized the expression of B4GALT5 in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue, and explored its function of B4GALT5 in HCC by enrichment analysis based on its co-expressed gene set. Next, we checked whether B4GALT5 expression is correlated to immune infiltration level and clinical prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we verified the expression of B4GALT5 using clinical samples evaluated by RT-PCR, and conducted in vitro experiments with B4GALT5-knockdown HCC cells to investigate the function of B4GALT5 in the HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RESULTS We found B4GALT5 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly high in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue. The enrichment analysis of the gene sets that co-expressed with B4GALT5 showed specificity in HCC-related pathways and functions. Also, the expression pattern of B4GALT5 was significantly related to the immune infiltration level, especially CD4+ T cell and macrophage cells. B4GALT5 higher mRNA expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Furthermore, In vitro experiments showed that depletion of B4GALT5 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This study revealed the function and its mediated pathways of B4GALT5 in HCC, indicating that B4GALT5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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Komuro M, Nagane M, Endo R, Nakamura T, Miyamoto T, Niwa C, Fukuyama T, Harashima H, Aihara N, Kamiie J, Suzuki R, Yamashita T. Glucosylceramide in T cells regulates the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:24-30. [PMID: 35168060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the colon characterized by excessive activation of T cells. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of lipid rafts in cellular membranes, and their content is linked to immune cell function. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GSLs in IBD. Microarray data showed that in IBD patients, the expression of only UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) decreased among the GSLs synthases. Ad libitum access to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) resulted in decreased UGCG and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) content in mesenteric lymph nodes and T cells from the spleen. Furthermore, the knockdown of Ugcg in T cells exacerbated the pathogenesis of colitis, which was accompanied by a decrease in Treg levels. Treatment with GlcCer nanoparticles prevented DSS-induced colitis. These results suggested that GlcCer in T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Furthermore, GlcCer nanoparticles are a potential efficacious therapeutic target for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Komuro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Niwa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rimina Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key to controlling cytomegalovirus infections. Salivary gland infection by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) provides a way to identify mechanisms. CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) disseminate MCMV to the salivary glands, where they transfer infection to acinar cells. Antiviral CD4+ T cells are often considered to be directly cytotoxic for cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). However, persistently infected salivary gland acinar cells are MHCII- and are presumably inaccessible to direct CD4 T cell recognition. Here, we show that CD4+ T cell depletion amplified infection of MHCII- acinar cells but not MHCII+ cells. MCMV-infected mice with disrupted MHCII on CD11c+ cells showed increased MHCII- acinar infection; antiviral CD4+ T cells were still primed, but their recruitment to the salivary glands was reduced, suggesting that engagement with local MHCII+ DC is important for antiviral protection. As MCMV downregulates MHCII on infected DC, the DC participating in CD4 protection may thus be uninfected. NK cells and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) may also contribute to CD4+ T cell-dependent virus control: CD4 T cell depletion reduced NK cell recruitment to the salivary glands, and both NK cell and IFN-γ depletion equalized infection between MHCII-disrupted and control mice. Taken together, these results suggest that CD4+ T cells protect indirectly against infected acinar cells in the salivary gland via DC engagement, requiring the recruitment of NK cells and the action of IFN-γ. Congruence of these results with an established CD4+ T cell/NK cell axis of gammaherpesvirus infection control suggests a common mode of defense against evasive viruses. IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus infections commonly cause problems in immunocompromised patients and in pregnancy. We lack effective vaccines. CD4+ T cells play an important role in normal infection control, yet how they act has been unknown. Using murine cytomegalovirus as an accessible model, we show that CD4+ T cells are unlikely to recognize infected cells directly. We propose that CD4+ T cells interact with uninfected cells that present viral antigens and recruit other immune cells to attack infected targets. These data present a new outlook on understanding how CD4+ T cell-directed control protects against persistent cytomegalovirus infection.
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40
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He X, Guan F, Lei L. Structure and function of glycosphingolipids on small extracellular vesicles. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:197-205. [PMID: 35201531 PMCID: PMC8866925 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delineated particles secreted by most types of cells under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. EVs are believed to mediate intercellular communication by serving as carriers of different bioactive ingredients, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Glycoconjugates are complex molecules consisting of covalently linked carbohydrate with proteins or lipids. These glycoconjugates play essential roles in the sorting of vesicular protein and the uptake of small extracellular vesicles (30–100 nm, sEVs) into recipient cells. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), one subtype of glycolipids, which are ubiquitous membrane components in almost all living organisms, are also commonly distributed on sEVs. However, the study of functional roles of GSLs on sEVs are far behind than other functional cargos. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of GSLs on sEVs. Initially, we described classification and structure of GSLs. Then, we briefly introduced the essential functions of GSLs, which are able to interact with functional membrane proteins, such as growth factor receptors, integrins and tetraspanins, to modulate cell growth, adhesion and cell motility. In addition, we discussed analytical methods for studying GSLs on sEVs. Finally, we focused on the function of GSLs on sEVs, including regulating the aggregation of extracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) or extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and influencing tumor cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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41
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Celi AB, Goldstein J, Rosato-Siri MV, Pinto A. Role of Globotriaosylceramide in Physiology and Pathology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:813637. [PMID: 35372499 PMCID: PMC8967256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.813637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At first glance, the biological function of globoside (Gb) clusters appears to be that of glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptors for bacterial toxins that mediate host-pathogen interaction. Indeed, certain bacterial toxin families have been evolutionarily arranged so that they can enter eukaryotic cells through GSL receptors. A closer look reveals this molecular arrangement allocated on a variety of eukaryotic cell membranes, with its role revolving around physiological regulation and pathological processes. What makes Gb such a ubiquitous functional arrangement? Perhaps its peculiarity is underpinned by the molecular structure itself, the nature of Gb-bound ligands, or the intracellular trafficking unleashed by those ligands. Moreover, Gb biological conspicuousness may not lie on intrinsic properties or on its enzymatic synthesis/degradation pathways. The present review traverses these biological aspects, focusing mainly on globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a GSL molecule present in cell membranes of distinct cell types, and proposes a wrap-up discussion with a phylogenetic view and the physiological and pathological functional alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Celi
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Goldstein
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rosato-Siri
- Departamento de Física Médica/Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alipio Pinto
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay”, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alipio Pinto,
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Wang D, Zhang T, Madunić K, de Waard AA, Blöchl C, Mayboroda OA, Griffioen M, Spaapen RM, Huber CG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Glycosphingolipid-Glycan Signatures of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Reflect Hematopoietic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1029-1040. [PMID: 35168327 PMCID: PMC8981326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of certain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is associated with the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the expression patterns of GSLs in AML are still poorly explored because of their complexity, the presence of multiple isomeric structures, and tedious analytical procedures. In this study, we performed an in-depth GSL glycan analysis of 19 AML cell lines using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealing strikingly different GSL glycan profiles between the various AML cell lines. The cell lines of the M6 subtype showed a high expression of gangliosides with α2,3-sialylation and Neu5Gc, while the M2 and M5 subtypes were characterized by high expression of (neo)lacto-series glycans and Lewis A/X antigens. Integrated analysis of glycomics and available transcriptomics data revealed the association of GSL glycan abundances with the transcriptomics expression of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) and transcription factors (TFs). In addition, correlations were found between specific GTs and TFs. Our data reveal TFs GATA2, GATA1, and RUNX1 as candidate inducers of the expression of gangliosides and sialylation via regulation of the GTs ST3GAL2 and ST8SIA1. In conclusion, we show that GSL glycan expression levels are associated with hematopoietic AML classifications and TF and GT gene expression. Further research is needed to dissect the regulation of GSL expression and its role in hematopoiesis and associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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43
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Berkowitz L, Cabrera-Reyes F, Salazar C, Ryff CD, Coe C, Rigotti A. Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:785124. [PMID: 35097004 PMCID: PMC8795367 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides –the most widely studied sphingolipid class– have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Berkowitz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Loni Berkowitz
| | - Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher Coe
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Guo Z. The Structural Diversity of Natural Glycosphingolipids (GSLs). J Carbohydr Chem 2022; 41:63-154. [PMID: 36561362 PMCID: PMC9770679 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2063308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids made of a glycan and a ceramide that, in turn, is composed of a sphingoid base moiety and a fatty acyl group. GSLs represent the vast majority of glycolipids in eukaryotes, and as an essential component of the cell membrane, they play an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Therefore, they are useful targets for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for human diseases. Since sphingosine was first described by J. L. Thudichum in 1884, several hundred GSL species, not including their diverse lipid forms that can further amplify the number of individual GSLs by many folds, have been isolated from natural sources and structurally characterized. This review tries to provide a comprehensive survey of the major GSL species, especially those with distinct glycan structures and modification patterns, and the ceramides with unique modifications of the lipid chains, that have been discovered to date. In particular, this review is focused on GSLs from eukaryotic species. This review has listed 251 GSL glycans with different linkages, 127 glycans with unique modifications, 46 sphingoids, and 43 fatty acyl groups. It should be helpful for scientists who are interested in GSLs, from isolation and structural analyses to chemical and enzymatic syntheses, as well as their biological studies and applications.
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45
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Sen P, Andrabi SBA, Buchacher T, Khan MM, Kalim UU, Lindeman TM, Alves MA, Hinkkanen V, Kemppainen E, Dickens AM, Rasool O, Hyötyläinen T, Lahesmaa R, Orešič M. Quantitative genome-scale metabolic modeling of human CD4 + T cell differentiation reveals subset-specific regulation of glycosphingolipid pathways. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109973. [PMID: 34758307 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation involve metabolic reprogramming resulting from the interplay of genes, proteins, and metabolites. Here, we aim to understand the metabolic pathways involved in the activation and functional differentiation of human CD4+ T cell subsets (T helper [Th]1, Th2, Th17, and induced regulatory T [iTreg] cells). Here, we combine genome-scale metabolic modeling, gene expression data, and targeted and non-targeted lipidomics experiments, together with in vitro gene knockdown experiments, and show that human CD4+ T cells undergo specific metabolic changes during activation and functional differentiation. In addition, we confirm the importance of ceramide and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathways in Th17 differentiation and effector functions. Through in vitro gene knockdown experiments, we substantiate the requirement of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a de novo sphingolipid pathway in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17A and IL17F) by Th17 cells. Our findings provide a comprehensive resource for selective manipulation of CD4+ T cells under disease conditions characterized by an imbalance of Th17/natural Treg (nTreg) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Sen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
| | | | - Tanja Buchacher
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah Kalim
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mikael Lindeman
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marina Amaral Alves
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Victoria Hinkkanen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alex M Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
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46
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Sigal DS, Hermel DJ, Hsu P, Pearce T. The role of Globo H and SSEA-4 in the development and progression of cancer, and their potential as therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2021; 18:117-134. [PMID: 34734786 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans, chains of sugar molecules found conjugated to cell proteins and lipids, contribute to their growth, movement and differentiation. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of several medical conditions including tumorigenesis. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), consisting of glycans conjugated to a lipid (ceramide) core, are found in the lipid bilayer of eukaryotic cell membranes. GSLs, play an active role in cell processes. Several GSLs are expressed by human embryonic stem cells and have been found to be overexpressed in several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the data, hypotheses and perspectives related to the GSLs Globo H and SSEA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Sigal
- Director, GI Oncology, Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David J Hermel
- Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pei Hsu
- Medical Advisor, Medical Affairs & Clinical Development, OBI Pharma Inc. 7F, No. 369, Zhongxiao E Road, Nangang District, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tillman Pearce
- Chief Medical Officer, OBI Pharma USA Inc., 6020 Cornerstone Court W, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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47
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Son SU, Park HY, Suh HJ, Shin KS. Evaluation of antitumor metastasis via immunostimulating activities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from radish leaves. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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48
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Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis pathway in host genome is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18235. [PMID: 34521966 PMCID: PMC8440747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a causative pathogen of many gastric and extra-gastric diseases. It has infected about half of the global population. There were no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for H. pylori infection conducted in Chinese population, who carried different and relatively homogenous strain of H. pylori. In this work, we performed SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)-based, gene-based and pathway-based genome-wide association analyses to investigate the genetic basis of host susceptibility to H. pylori infection in 480 Chinese individuals. We also profiled the composition and function of the gut microbiota between H. pylori infection cases and controls. We found several genes and pathways associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05), replicated one previously reported SNP rs10004195 in TLR1 gene region (P = 0.02). We also found that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis related pathway was associated with both onset and progression of H. pylori infection. In the gut microbiome association study, we identified 2 species, 3 genera and several pathways had differential abundance between H. pylori infected cases and controls. This paper is the first GWAS for H. pylori infection in Chinese population, and we combined the genetic and microbial data to comprehensively discuss the basis of host susceptibility to H. pylori infection.
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49
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Park J, Choi J, Kim DD, Lee S, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Noh M, Lee MO, Le QV, Oh YK. Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:465-482. [PMID: 34462378 PMCID: PMC8411027 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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50
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Olona A, Hateley C, Muralidharan S, Wenk MR, Torta F, Behmoaras J. Sphingolipid metabolism during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated macrophage activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4575-4587. [PMID: 34363204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) provides a paradigm for investigating energy metabolism that regulates the inflammatory response. TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage activation is characterized by increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial metabolism, supported by selective amino acid uptake and/or usage. Fatty acid metabolism remains as a highly complex rewiring that accompanies classical macrophage activation. TLR4 activation leads to de novo synthesis of fatty acids, which flux into sphingolipids, complex lipids that form the building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes and regulate cell function. Here, we review the importance of TLR4-mediated de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids in macrophages. We first highlight fatty acid metabolism during TLR4-driven macrophage immunometabolism. We then focus on the temporal dynamics of sphingolipid biosynthesis and emphasize the modulatory role of some sphingolipid species (i.e. sphingomyelins, ceramides and glycosphingolipids) on the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of LPS/TLR4 activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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