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Bale R, Doshi G. Deciphering the role of siRNA in anxiety and depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176868. [PMID: 39128805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are central nervous system illnesses that are among the most prevalent medical concerns of the twenty-first century. Patients with this condition and their families bear psychological, financial, and societal hardship. There are currently restrictions when utilizing the conventional course of treatment. RNA interference is expected to become an essential approach in anxiety and depression due to its potent and targeted gene silencing. Silencing of genes by post-transcriptional modification is the mechanism of action of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The suppression of genes linked to disease is typically accomplished by siRNA molecules in an efficient and targeted manner. Unfavourable immune responses, off-target effects, naked siRNA instability, nuclease vulnerability, and the requirement to create an appropriate delivery method are some of the challenges facing the clinical application of siRNA. This review focuses on the use of siRNA in the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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2
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Geraghty JR, Butler M, Maharathi B, Tate AJ, Lung TJ, Balasubramanian G, Testai FD, Loeb JA. Diffuse microglial responses and persistent EEG changes correlate with poor neurological outcome in a model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13618. [PMID: 38871799 PMCID: PMC11176397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to chronic neurologic deficits is unclear. One possibility is that blood activates microglia to drive inflammation that leads to synaptic loss and impaired brain function. Using the endovascular perforation model of SAH in rats, we investigated short-term effects on microglia together with long-term effects on EEG and neurologic function for up to 3 months. Within the first week, microglia were increased both at the site of injury and diffusely across the cortex (2.5-fold increase in SAH compared to controls, p = 0.012). Concomitantly, EEGs from SAH animals showed focal increases in slow wave activity and diffuse reduction in fast activity. When expressed as a fast-slow spectral ratio, there were significant interactions between group and time (p < 0.001) with less ipsilateral recovery over time. EEG changes were most pronounced during the first week and correlated with neurobehavioral impairment. In vitro, the blood product hemin was sufficient to increase microglia phagocytosis nearly six-fold (p = 0.032). Immunomodulatory treatment with fingolimod after SAH reduced microglia, improved neurological function, and increased survival. These findings, which parallel many of the EEG changes seen in patients, suggest that targeting neuroinflammation could reduce long-term neurologic dysfunction following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Geraghty
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell Butler
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Biswajit Maharathi
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander J Tate
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite H2200, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tyler J Lung
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Giri Balasubramanian
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Loeb
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, NPI Suite 174N, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, NPI North Bldg., Room 657, M/C 796, 912 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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3
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Zhang Q, Dai J, Lin Y, Li M. Isobavachalcone alleviates ischemic stroke by suppressing HDAC1 expression and improving M2 polarization. Brain Res Bull 2024; 211:110944. [PMID: 38604377 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular condition. Isobavachalcone (ISO) has been documented to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect across a variety of diseases; however, its protective impact on ischemic stroke remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ISO in both transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) rat models and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell models. We observed that pretreatment with 50 mg/kg ISO diminished the volume of brain infarction, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neurological deficits in rats. A reduction in Nissl bodies was noted in the tMCAO/R group, which was reversed following treatment with 50 mg/kg ISO. TUNEL/NeuN double staining revealed a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells in tMCAO/R rats treated with ISO. Furthermore, ISO treatment suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, while elevating the expression of BCL-2 in tMCAO/R rats. The levels of CD86 and iNOS were elevated in tMCAO/R rats; conversely, ISO treatment enhanced the expression of CD206 and Arg-1. Additionally, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was elevated in tMCAO/R rats, whereas ISO treatment counteracted this effect. ISO treatment also increased the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in the ischemic penumbra of tMCAO/R rats. It was found that ISO treatment hindered microglial M1 polarization and favored M2 polarization. Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is the downstream target protein of ISO, with ISO treatment resulting in decreased HDAC1 expression in both tMCAO/R rats and OGD/R-induced cells. Overexpression of HDAC1 was shown to promote microglial M1 polarization and inhibit M2 polarization in OGD/R+ISO cells. Overall, ISO treatment mitigated brain damage following ischemic stroke by promoting M2 polarization and attenuated ischemic injury by repressing HDAC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wang XP, Guo W, Chen YF, Hong C, Ji J, Zhang XY, Dong YF, Sun XL. PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in the interaction between microglial polarization and glioma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112074. [PMID: 38615383 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in glioblastoma growth and invasion. PD-1 and PD-L1 modulate the immunity in the brain tumor microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of PD-1/PD-L1 on the crosstalk between microglia and glioma. Results showed that glioma cells secreted PD-L1 to the peritumoral areas, particularly microglia containing highly expressed PD-1. In the early stages of glioma, microglia mainly polarized into the pro-inflammatory subtype (M1). Subsequently, the secreted PD-L1 accumulated and bound to PD-1 on microglia, facilitating their polarization toward the microglial anti-inflammatory (M2) subtype primarily via the STAT3 signaling pathway. The role of PD-1/PD-L1 in M2 polarization of microglia was partially due to PD-1/PD-L1 depletion or application of BMS-1166, a novel inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1. Consistently, co-culturing with microglia promoted glioma cell growth and invasion, and blocking PD-1/PD-L1 significantly suppressed these processes. Our findings reveal that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis engages in the microglial M2 polarization in the glioma microenvironment and promotes tumor growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Peng Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Liu LN, Chen C, Xin WJ, Li Q, Han C, Hua ZC. The oncolytic bacteria-mediated delivery system of CCDC25 nucleic acid drug inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps induced tumor metastasis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:69. [PMID: 38369519 PMCID: PMC10875894 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), antibacterial weapons of neutrophils (NEs), have been found to play a crucial role in cancer metastasis in recent years. More and more cancer research is focusing on anti-NETs. However, almost all anti-NETs treatments have limitations such as large side effects and limited efficacy. Therefore, exploring new anti-NETs therapeutic strategies is a long-term goal. RESULTS The transmembrane protein coiled-coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25) on tumor cell membranes can bind NETs-DNA with high specificity and affinity, enabling tumor cells to sense NETs and thus promote distant metastasis. We transformed shCCDC25 into VNP20009 (VNP), an oncolytic bacterium, to generate VNP-shCCDC25 and performed preclinical evaluation of the inhibitory effect of shCCDC25 on cancer metastasis in B16F10 lung metastasis and 4T1 orthotopic lung metastasis models. VNP-shCCDC25 effectively blocked the downstream prometastatic signaling pathway of CCDC25 at tumor sites and reduced the formation of NETs while recruiting more neutrophils and macrophages to the tumor core, ultimately leading to excellent metastasis inhibition in the two lung metastasis models. CONCLUSION This study is a pioneer in focusing on the effect of anti-NET treatment on CCDC25. shCCDC25 is effectively delivered to tumor sites via the help of oncolytic bacteria and has broad application in the inhibition of cancer metastasis via anti-NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu, Changzhou, China.
- TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang Y, Chen L, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Che H, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wen M. DHA and EPA Alleviate Epileptic Depression in PTZ-Treated Young Mice Model by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through Regulating Microglial M2 Polarization and Improving Mitochondrial Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2079. [PMID: 38136199 PMCID: PMC10740521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common complication of childhood epilepsy, leading to a poor prognosis for seizure control and poor quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptic depression have not been completely elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are major contributors to depression. The positive effects of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on depression have been previously reported. However, knowledge regarding the effects of EPA and DHA in managing depressive symptoms in pediatric patients with epilepsy is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on epileptic depression in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-treated young mouse model. Three-week-old mice were fed a DHA- or EPA-enriched diet for 21 days and treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for a total of 10 times. EPA was more effective than DHA at alleviating PTZ-induced depressive symptoms. Pathological results revealed that DHA and EPA significantly improved neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that DHA and EPA mitigated PTZ-induced myelin damage by increasing the protein levels of CNPase, Olig2, and MBP. Furthermore, both DHA and EPA reduced neuroinflammation by promoting microglial M2 polarization and suppressing the LCN2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Notably, EPA polarized microglia towards the M2 phenotype. In addition, DHA and EPA decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting NOX2 and enhancing mitochondrial metabolism through the increased expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-V proteins. These findings suggest that DHA and EPA can be used as effective interventions to improve depression in children with epilepsy, with EPA being a particularly favorable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Yang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (L.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (L.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (L.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yingcai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Hongxia Che
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.Y.); (L.C.); (N.Z.)
- Pet Nutrition Research and Development Center Gambol Pet Group Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ranasinghe ADCU, Holohan M, Borger KM, Donahue DL, Kuc RD, Gerig M, Kim A, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ, Schwarz MA. Altered Smooth Muscle Cell Histone Acetylome by the SPHK2/S1P Axis Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2023; 133:704-719. [PMID: 37698017 PMCID: PMC10543610 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation of vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is poorly understood. Transcription regulating, histone acetylation code alters chromatin accessibility to promote transcriptional activation. Our goal was to identify upstream mechanisms that disrupt epigenetic equilibrium in PH. METHODS Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH):human PASMCs, iPAH lung tissue, failed donor lung tissue, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, iPAH:PASMC and non-iPAH:PASMC RNA-seq databases, NanoString nCounter, and cleavage under targets and release using nuclease were utilized to investigate histone acetylation, hyperacetylation targets, protein and gene expression, sphingolipid activation, cell proliferation, and gene target identification. SPHK2 (sphingosine kinase 2) knockout was compared with control C57BL/6NJ mice after 3 weeks of hypoxia and assessed for indices of PH. RESULTS We identified that Human PASMCs are vulnerable to the transcription-promoting epigenetic mediator histone acetylation resulting in alterations in transcription machinery and confirmed its pathological existence in PH:PASMC cells. We report that SPHK2 is elevated as much as 20-fold in iPAH lung tissue and is elevated in iPAH:PASMC cells. During PH pathogenesis, nuclear SPHK2 activates nuclear bioactive lipid S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) catalyzing enzyme and mediates transcription regulating histone H3K9 acetylation (acetyl histone H3 lysine 9 [Ac-H3K9]) through EMAP (endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide) II. In iPAH lungs, we identified a 4-fold elevation of the reversible epigenetic transcription modulator Ac-H3K9:H3 ratio. Loss of SPHK2 inhibited hypoxic-induced PH and Ac-H3K9 in mice. We discovered that pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are a priming factor of the EMAP II/SPHK2/S1P axis that alters the acetylome with a specificity for PASMC, through hyperacetylation of histone H3K9. Using cleavage under targets and release using nuclease, we further show that EMAP II-mediated SPHK2 has the potential to modify the local transcription machinery of pluripotency factor KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) by hyperacetylating KLF4 Cis-regulatory elements while deletion and targeted inhibition of SPHK2 rescues transcription altering Ac-H3K9. CONCLUSIONS SPHK2 expression and its activation of the reversible histone H3K9 acetylation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell represent new therapeutic targets that could mitigate PH vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maggie Holohan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Martin Gerig
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Andrew Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame
| | - Victoria A. Ploplis
- Harper Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame
| | - Francis J. Castellino
- Harper Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Guo S, Li Y, Yin H, Tian L, Cheng G, Li Y. Red Rice Seed Coat Targeting SPHK2 Ameliorated Alcoholic Liver Disease via Restored Intestinal Barrier and Improved Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4176. [PMID: 37836459 PMCID: PMC10574211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), leading to the most common chronic liver diseases, is increasingly emerging as a global health problem, which is intensifying the need to develop novel treatments. Herein, our work aimed to estimate the therapeutic efficacy of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed coat on ALD and further uncover the underlying mechanisms. Red rice seed coat extract (RRA) was obtained with citric acid-ethanol and analyzed via a widely targeted components approach. The potential targets of RRA to ALD were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Drunken behavior, histopathological examination, liver function, gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier integrity were used to assess the effects of RRA (RRAH, 600 mg/kg·body weight; RRAL, 200 mg/kg·body weight) on ALD. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis associated factors and signaling pathways were measured by corresponding kits, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In ALD model mice, RRA treatment increased sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels, improved gut microbiota composition, restored intestinal barrier, decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in plasma and the liver, cut down Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, alleviated liver pathological injury and oxidative stress, attenuated inflammation and apoptosis and enhanced liver function. To sum up, RRA targeting SPHK2 can ameliorate ALD by repairing intestinal barrier damage and reducing liver LPS level via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and intestinal microbiota, revealing that red rice seed coat holds potential as a functional food for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxu Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiye Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shancheng Guo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaxian Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiaolong Yin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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10
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He C, Li Z, Yang M, Yu W, Luo R, Zhou J, He J, Chen Q, Song Z, Cheng S. Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4165-4211. [PMID: 37753266 PMCID: PMC10519213 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s422114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathophysiological features. Amyloid plaques resulting from extracellular amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation serve as primary neuropathological criteria for AD diagnosis. The activation of microglia has been closely associated with these pathological manifestations. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a versatile molecule involved in various cellular functions such as genetic information storage and transport, as well as catalysis of biochemical reactions, plays a crucial role in microglial activation. This review aims to investigate the regulatory role of ncRNAs in protein expression by directly targeting genes, proteins, and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the ability of ncRNAs to modulate inflammatory pathways, influence the expression of inflammatory factors, and regulate microglia activation, all of which contribute to neuroinflammation and AD. However, there are still significant controversies surrounding microglial activation and polarization. The categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes may oversimplify the intricate and multifaceted regulatory processes in microglial response to neuroinflammation. Limited research has been conducted on the role of ncRNAs in regulating microglial activation and inducing distinct polarization states in the context of neuroinflammation. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms through which ncRNAs govern microglial function continue to be refined. The current understanding of ncRNA regulatory pathways involved in microglial activation remains incomplete and may be influenced by spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific factors. Therefore, further in-depth investigations are warranted. In conclusion, there are ongoing debates and uncertainties regarding the activation and polarization of microglial cells, particularly concerning the categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The study of ncRNA regulation in microglial activation and polarization, as well as its mechanisms, is still in its early stages and requires further investigation. However, this review offers new insights and opportunities for therapeutic approaches in AD. The development of ncRNA-based drugs may hold promise as a new direction in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang HK, Su YT, Ho YC, Lee YK, Chu TH, Chen KT, Wu CC. HDAC1 is Involved in Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Stroke Pathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4103-4116. [PMID: 37745794 PMCID: PMC10516226 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s416239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a common cause of disability and mortality worldwide; however, effective therapy remains limited. In stroke pathogenesis, ischemia/reperfusion injury triggers gliosis and neuroinflammation that further activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increased BBB permeability promotes macrophage infiltration and brain edema, thereby worsening behavioral outcomes and prognosis. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a repressor of epigenomic gene transcription and participates in DNA damage and cell cycle regulation. Although HDAC1 is deregulated after stroke and is involved in neuronal loss and DNA repair, its role in neuroinflammation and BBB damage remains unknown. Methods The rats with cerebral ischemia were evaluated in behavioral outcomes, levels of inflammation in gliosis and cytokines, and BBB damage by using an endothelin-1-induced rat model with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Results The results revealed that HDAC1 dysfunction could promote BBB damage through the destruction of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and occludin, after stroke in rats. HDAC1 inhibition also increased the levels of astrocyte and microglial gliosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, lactate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species, further triggering MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Moreover, modified neurological severity scores for the cylinder test revealed that HDAC1 inhibition deteriorated behavioral outcomes in rats with cerebral ischemia. Discussion HDAC1 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation and BBB damage, thus indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ti Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nation Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Fan H, Huang D, He Y, Tang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Hao D. Curcumin-activated Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating Microglia Polarization Through APOE/TREM2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:476-494. [PMID: 37658943 PMCID: PMC10577109 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of curcumin-activated olfactory ensheathing cells (aOECs) improved functional recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Nevertheless, little is known considering the underlying mechanisms. At the present study, we investigated the promotion of regeneration and functional recovery after transplantation of aOECs into rats with SCI and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Primary OECs were prepared from the olfactory bulb of rats, followed by treatment with 1µM CCM at 7-10 days of culture, resulting in cell activation. Concomitantly, rat SCI model was developed to evaluate the effects of transplantation of aOECs in vivo. Subsequently, microglia were isolated, stimulated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h to polarize to M1 phenotype and treated by aOECs conditional medium (aOECs-CM) and OECs conditional medium (OECs-CM), respectively. Changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypic markers expression were detected using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Finally, a series of molecular biological experiments including knock-down of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and analysis of the level of apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of involvement of CCM-activated OECs in modulating microglia polarization, leading to neural regeneration and function recovery. CCM-activated OECs effectively attenuated deleterious inflammation by regulating microglia polarization from the pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype in SCI rats and facilitated functional recovery after SCI. In addition, microglial polarization to M2 elicited by aOECs-CM in LPS-induced microglia was effectively reversed when TREM2 expression was downregulated. More importantly, the in vitro findings indicated that aOECs-CM potentiating LPS-induced microglial polarization to M2 was partially mediated by the TREM2/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Besides, the expression of APOE significantly increased in CCM-treated OECs. CCM-activated OECs could alleviate inflammation after SCI by switching microglial polarization from M1 to M2, which was likely mediated by the APOE/TREM2/NF-κB pathway, and thus ameliorated neurological function. Therefore, the present finding is of paramount significance to enrich the understanding of underlying molecular mechanism of aOECs-based therapy and provide a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Hong Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Dageng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yuqing He
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xiangwen Tang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Basic Medical School Academy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 China
| | - Yixiang Ai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Department of spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, 710054 China
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Liu J, Xu Y, Tang H, Liu X, Sun Y, Wu T, Gao M, Chen P, Hong H, Huang G, Zhou Y. miR‑137 is a diagnostic tumor‑suppressive miRNA that targets SPHK2 to promote M1‑type tumor‑associated macrophage polarization. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:397. [PMID: 37533491 PMCID: PMC10390856 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression level of microRNA (miR)-137 in glioma tissues and cell lines and explored its potential diagnostic significance as well as its function effects on glioma cells. miR-137 expression level was detected in glioma tissues using in situ hybridization, and in glioma cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The diagnostic significance of miR-137 in glioma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Quantibody® Human Inflammation Array 1 was used to evaluate the impact of ectopic miR-137 expression on release of cytokines in glioma cell lines. IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected using ELISA. To confirm that sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) is a target of miR-137, RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and dual-luciferase assay were adopted. The results demonstrated that miR-137 expression was downregulated in both glioma tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-137 was significantly associated with high grade gliomas. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of miR-137 reduced IL-13, but promoted TNFα and IFN-γ production. SPHK2 knockdown inhibited IL-13 release, promoted TNF-α and IFN-γ production. SPHK2 was a direct target of miR-137. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that miR-137 expression plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioma. It is downregulated in glioma and may promote M1-type TAMs polarization, and may be a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Translational Medicine Institute, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Xu Z, Yao X, Zhao Y, Yao B. C/EBPα involvement in microglial polarization via HDAC1/STAT3 pathway aggravated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15466. [PMID: 37361037 PMCID: PMC10286799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinically frequent postoperative complication in the elderly, which is mainly manifested by the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction after anesthetized surgery in patients. To explore the involvement of C/EBPα in microglial polarization in sevoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were anesthetized by inhalation of 3% sevoflurane for 6 h to establish the POCD model. The histopathological structure of hippocampus was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Associative learning and memory function and spatial learning and memory function were assessed by conditioned fear test and water maze test. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. The levels of microglial activation marker (Iba1) and microglial M1 (CD86) and M2 (CD206) polarization markers were determined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR, respectively. The transcriptional regulation of HDAC1 by C/EBPα was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay. Results Sevoflurane-induced pathomorphological damage in the hippocampal tissue of aged rats, accompanied by elevated expression of C/EBPα. Silencing of C/EBPα alleviated hippocampal histopathological injury, inhibited M1 microglial activation and the expression of M1 marker CD86, enhanced the expression of M2 marker CD206. C/EBPα transcriptionally activated HDAC1. Knockdown of C/EBPα downregulated the expression of HDAC1 and STAT3 phosphorylated proteins, which inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and accelerated anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and TGF-β) secretion. In addition, silencing of C/EBPα caused rats to have a delayed freezing time in contextual conditioned fear, a shorter escape latency, and an increased number of platform crossings. Conclusion Inhibition of C/EBPα promotes the M2 polarization of microglia and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to alleviate the cognitive dysfunction of sevoflurane-induced elderly rats by HDAC1/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Wu HT, Yang GC, Shi Y, Fan CN, Li Y, Yuan MQ, Pei J, Wu Y. Spliceosomal GTPase Eftud2 regulates microglial activation and polarization. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:856-862. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.347739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. The Crosstalk between FcεRI and Sphingosine Signaling in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213892. [PMID: 36430378 PMCID: PMC9695510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid molecules have recently attracted attention as signaling molecules in allergic inflammation diseases. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinases (SPHK 1 and SPHK2) and is known to be involved in various cellular processes. S1P levels reportedly increase in allergic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. FcεRI signaling is necessary for allergic inflammation as it can activate the SPHKs and increase the S1P level; once S1P is secreted, it can bind to the S1P receptors (S1PRs). The role of S1P signaling in various allergic diseases is discussed. Increased levels of S1P are positively associated with asthma and anaphylaxis. S1P can either induce or suppress allergic skin diseases in a context-dependent manner. The crosstalk between FcεRI and S1P/SPHK/S1PRs is discussed. The roles of the microRNAs that regulate the expression of the components of S1P signaling in allergic inflammatory diseases are also discussed. Various reports suggest the role of S1P in FcεRI-mediated mast cell (MC) activation. Thus, S1P/SPHK/S1PRs signaling can be the target for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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Li C, Ren J, Zhang M, Wang H, Yi F, Wu J, Tang Y. The heterogeneity of microglial activation and its epigenetic and non-coding RNA regulations in the immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:511. [PMID: 36066650 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain and play a central role in the development and surveillance of the nervous system. Extensive gliosis is a common pathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. Microglia can respond to multiple inflammatory insults and later transform into different phenotypes, such as pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, thereby exerting different functions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies based on both traditional bulk sequencing and novel single-cell/nuclear sequencing and multi-omics analysis, have shown that microglial phenotypes are highly heterogeneous and dynamic, depending on the severity and stage of the disease as well as the particular inflammatory milieu. Thus, redirecting microglial activation to beneficial and neuroprotective phenotypes promises to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. To this end, an increasing number of studies have focused on unraveling heterogeneous microglial phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms, including those due to epigenetic and non-coding RNA modulations. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms in the form of DNA and histone modifications, as well as the general non-coding RNA regulations that modulate microglial activation during immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and discuss promising research approaches in the microglial era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Li
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huakun Wang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Junjiao Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Wang L, Li M, Zhu C, Qin A, Wang J, Wei X. The protective effect of Palmatine on depressive like behavior by modulating microglia polarization in LPS-induced mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3178-3191. [PMID: 35917005 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Palmatine on LPS-induced depressive like behavior and explore its potential mechanism. The mice were intragastrically treated with Fluoxetine or Palmatine once daily for 1 week. After the last drug administration, the mice were intraperitoneally challenged with LPS and suffered for Sucrose preference test, Tail suspension test, Forced swimming test and Open field test. The pro-inflammatory biomarkers were measured by ELISA, qPCR, WB and immunofluorescence. As a result, the administration of Palmatine effectively lessened depressive-like behavior. Palmatine could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, the expressions of CD68, iNOS mRNA, as well as increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, the expressions of CD206, Arg1 mRNA, Ym1 mRNA both in LPS-induced mice and in LPS-induced BV2 cells. The beneficial effect of Palmatine might be attributed to the suppression of M1 microglia polarization and the promotion of M2 microglia polarization via PDE4B/KLF4 signaling. The similar results were observed in CUMS-induced depressive mice. The transfection with PDE4B SiRNA or KLF4 SiRNA indicated that PDE4B and KLF4 were both involved in the Palmatine-mediated microglia polarization. Molecular docking indicated that Palmatine could interact with PDE4B. In conclusion, this research demonstrated that Palmatine attenuated depressive like behavior by modulating microglia polarization via PDE4B/KLF4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, No.69, Huangshanling Road, 211800, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jingshi Road, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Cuiping Zhu
- Pukou branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital, No.166, Shanghe street, 211800, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, No.69, Huangshanling Road, 211800, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, No.69, Huangshanling Road, 211800, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xianni Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, No. 89, Haiyu Road, 361026, Xiamen, China.
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19
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Fu Y, Chen LP, Li P, Lv ZB. Fingolimod protects against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating intestinal T cell differentiation. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:575-588. [PMID: 35558966 PMCID: PMC9085942 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-the leading cause of neonatal death-has been shown to be associated with an excessive inflammatory response of the intestines. Fingolimod has shown efficacy in treating many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective effects of fingolimod on a mouse model of NEC. METHODS Experimental NEC was induced in 5-day-old C57BL/6 neonatal mice. Many methods include Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunofluorescence staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot were used to evaluate the degreed of inflammation of NEC. A model of T-cell co-culture system in vitro was used to explain the way Fingolimod acted on T cell. We also detected the NEC associated brain injury by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Fingolimod treatment ameliorated NEC-induced intestinal injury, reduced inflammatory T cell infiltration, and regulated the balance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells in intestinal tissues. In addition, fingolimod treatment was found to blunt the pro-inflammatory phenotype of activated macrophages and decrease interleukin-17 (IL-17) secretion. Fingolimod treatment also ameliorated NEC-induced neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Fingolimod can protect neonatal mice from NEC-related death by ameliorating intestinal injury and attenuating excessive inflammatory responses. These effects may be mediated through an improved Th17/Treg balance, which may result from direct and indirect effects of fingolimod on T cell infiltration and macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Xue T, Ji J, Sun Y, Huang X, Cai Z, Yang J, Guo W, Guo R, Cheng H, Sun X. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, a novel TREM2 ligand, promotes microglial phagocytosis to protect against ischemic brain injury. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1885-1898. [PMID: 35847502 PMCID: PMC9279640 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruobing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Xin JY, Huang X, Sun Y, Jiang HS, Fan J, Yu NW, Guo FQ, Ye F, Xiao J, Le WD, Yang SJ, Xiang Y. Association Between Plasma Apolipoprotein M With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study From China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:838223. [PMID: 35370599 PMCID: PMC8973919 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.838223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidence of genetics and metabonomics indicated a potential role of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma ApoM with AD.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional study recruited patients with AD (n = 67), age- and sex-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 73). After the data collection of demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical history, we examined and compared the plasma levels of ApoM, tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association of plasma ApoM with the presence of AD. The correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between plasma ApoM with cognitive function [Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], activities of daily living (ADL), and the representative blood-based biomarkers (plasma p-tau217 and NfL). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Delong’s test were used to determine the diagnostic power of plasma ApoM.ResultsPlasma ApoM and its derived indicators (ratios of ApoM/TC, ApoM/TG, ApoM/HDL-C, and ApoM/LDL-C) were significantly higher in AD group than those in CN group (each p < 0.0001). After adjusted for the risk factors of AD, the plasma ApoM and its derived indicators were significantly associated with the presence of AD, respectively. ApoM (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.027–1.090, p < 0.0001), ApoM/TC ratio (OR = 1.239, 95% CI: 1.120–1.372, p < 0.0001), ApoM/TG ratio (OR = 1.064, 95% CI: 1.035–1.095, p < 0.0001), ApoM/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.037–1.102, p < 0.0001), and ApoM/LDL-C ratio (OR = 1.064, 95% CI:1.023–1.106, p = 0.002). In total participants, plasma ApoM was significantly positively correlated with plasma p-tau217, plasma NfL, and ADL (each p < 0.0001) and significantly negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA (each p < 0.0001), respectively. In further subgroup analyses, these associations remained in different APOEϵ 4 status participants and sex subgroups. ApoM/TC ratio (ΔAUC = 0.056, p = 0.044) and ApoM/TG ratio (ΔAUC = 0.097, p = 0.011) had a statistically remarkably larger AUC than ApoM, respectively. The independent addition of ApoM and its derived indicators to the basic model [combining age, sex, APOEϵ 4, and body mass index (BMI)] led to the significant improvement in diagnostic power, respectively (each p < 0.05).ConclusionAll the findings preliminarily uncovered the association between plasma ApoM and AD and provided more evidence of the potential of ApoM as a candidate biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Song Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Neng-wei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-dong Le
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shao-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shao-Jie Yang,
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yang Xiang,
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22
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de Witte LD, Wang Z, Snijders GLJL, Mendelev N, Liu Q, Sneeboer MAM, Boks MPM, Ge Y, Haghighi F. Contribution of Age, Brain Region, Mood Disorder Pathology, and Interindividual Factors on the Methylome of Human Microglia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:572-581. [PMID: 35027166 PMCID: PMC11181298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome studies have revealed age-, disease-, and region-associated microglial phenotypes reflecting changes in microglial function during development, aging, central nervous system homeostasis, and pathology. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to these transcriptomic changes are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the DNA methylation landscape of human microglia and the factors that contribute to variations in the microglia methylome. We hypothesized that both age and brain region would have a large impact on DNA methylation in microglia. METHODS Microglia from postmortem brain tissue of four different brain regions of 22 donors, encompassing 1 patient with schizophrenia, 13 patients with mood disorder pathology, and 8 control subjects, were isolated and assayed using a genome-wide methylation array. RESULTS We found that human microglial cells have a methylation profile distinct from bulk brain tissue and neurons, and age explained a considerable part of the variation. Additionally, we showed that interindividual factors had a much larger effect on the methylation landscape of microglia than brain region, which was also seen at the transcriptome level. In our exploratory analysis, we found various differentially methylated regions that were related to disease status (mood disorder vs. control). This included differentially methylated regions that are linked to gene expression in microglia, as well as to myeloid cell function or neuropsychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although based on relatively small samples, these findings suggest that the methylation profile of microglia is responsive to interindividual variations and thereby plays an important role in the heterogeneity of microglia observed at the transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot D de Witte
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gijsje L J L Snijders
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Natalia Mendelev
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Qingkun Liu
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marjolein A M Sneeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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23
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Tan Z, Yang G, Qiu J, Yan W, Liu Y, Ma Z, Li J, Liu J, Shan N. Quercetin Alleviates Demyelination Through Regulating Microglial Phenotype Transformation to Mitigate Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mice with Vascular Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3140-3158. [PMID: 35267135 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion plays a pivotal role in the ictus and development of vascular dementia (VaD) with neuropsychiatric symptoms. To date, few pharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms are available in the VaD patients with neuropsychiatric impairments. Here, our results demonstrated that the extent of demyelination was dramatically deteriorated and the thickness of myelin sheath was evidently decreased in the presence of cerebral hypoperfusion, whereas Quercetin possessed the potential of abrogating these effects at least in part, then relieving anxiety and depression-like behavior when mice exposed to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS)/chronic restraint stress (CRS). The underlying mechanism was that Quercetin facilitated secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and in turn decreased production of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) due to regulating microglial phenotype transformation, thereafter enhancing the microglial engulfment ability of myelin fragments in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the results demonstrated that that Quercetin mediated microglial transformation into anti-inflammatory phenotype to reduce demyelination in ventral hippocampus (vHIP), thereafter mitigating neuropsychiatric deficits (including anxiety and depression). The present research broadens the therapeutic scope of Quercetin in central nervous system (CNS) disorders with presence of white matter damage and/or the insufficient activation of anti-inflammatory microglia, particularly for vascular dementia with/without neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengling Ma
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment By Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment By Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Pournajaf S, Dargahi L, Javan M, Pourgholami MH. Molecular Pharmacology and Novel Potential Therapeutic Applications of Fingolimod. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807639. [PMID: 35250559 PMCID: PMC8889014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is a well-tolerated, highly effective disease-modifying therapy successfully utilized in the management of multiple sclerosis. The active metabolite, fingolimod-phosphate, acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to bring about an array of pharmacological effects. While being initially recognized as a novel agent that can profoundly reduce T-cell numbers in circulation and the CNS, thereby suppressing inflammation and MS, there is now rapidly increasing knowledge on its previously unrecognized molecular and potential therapeutic effects in diverse pathological conditions. In addition to exerting inhibitory effects on sphingolipid pathway enzymes, fingolimod also inhibits histone deacetylases, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRMP7), cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), reduces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plasma levels, and activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, fingolimod induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, epigenetic regulations, macrophages M1/M2 shift and enhances BDNF expression. According to recent evidence, fingolimod modulates a range of other molecular pathways deeply rooted in disease initiation or progression. Experimental reports have firmly associated the drug with potentially beneficial therapeutic effects in immunomodulatory diseases, CNS injuries, and diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and even cancer. Attractive pharmacological effects, relative safety, favorable pharmacokinetics, and positive experimental data have collectively led to its testing in clinical trials. Based on the recent reports, fingolimod may soon find its way as an adjunct therapy in various disparate pathological conditions. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about molecular pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Arenas YM, Balzano T, Ivaylova G, Llansola M, Felipo V. The S1PR2‐CCL2‐BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates neuroinflammation and motor incoordination in hyperammonaemia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12799. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza M. Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Gergana Ivaylova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
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26
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Gao H, Ju F, Ti R, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Differential Regulation of Microglial Activation in Response to Different Degree of Ischemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:792638. [PMID: 35154109 PMCID: PMC8831277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.792638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are primary immune cells within the brain and are rapidly activated after cerebral ischemia. The degree of microglial activation is closely associated with the severity of ischemia. However, it remains largely unclear how microglial activation is differentially regulated in response to a different degree of ischemia. In this study, we used a bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCAL) model and induced different degrees of ischemia by varying the duration of ligation to investigate the microglial response in CX3CR1GFP/+ mice. Confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the de-ramification, proliferation, and differential gene expression associated with microglial activation. Our results showed that 30 min of ischemia induced rapid de-ramification of microglia but did not have significant influence on the microglial density. In contrast, 60 min of ischemia led to a significant decrease in microglial density and more pronounced de-ramification of microglial processes. Importantly, 30 min of ischemia did not induce proliferation of microglia, but 60 min of ischemia led to a marked increase in the density of proliferative microglia. Further analysis utilized transcriptome sequencing showed that microglial activation is differentially regulated in response to different degrees of ischemia. A total of 1,097 genes were differentially regulated after 60 min of ischemia, but only 68 genes were differentially regulated after 30 min of ischemia. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that apoptosis, cell mitosis, immune receptor activity and inflammatory-related pathways were highly regulated after 60 min of ischemia compared to 30 min of ischemia. Multiple microglia-related genes such as Cxcl10, Tlr7, Cd86, Tnfrsf1a, Nfkbia, Tgfb1, Ccl2 and Il-6, were upregulated with prolonged ischemia. Pharmacological inhibition of CSF1 receptor demonstrated that CSF1R signaling pathway contributed to microglial proliferation. Together, these results suggest that the proliferation of microglia is gated by the duration of ischemia and microglia were differentially activated in responding to different degrees of ischemia.
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27
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Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells promote microglia M2 polarization and neurological recovery in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 35057862 PMCID: PMC8772170 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) have therapeutic potential in ischemic brain injury, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The current study aimed to explore the contribution of miRNAs in ADSC-EVs to the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Methods After the intravenous injection of ADSC-EVs, therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by neurobehavioral tests and brain atrophy volume. The polarization of microglia was assessed by immunostaining and qPCR. We further performed miRNA sequencing of ADSC-EVs and analyzed the relationship between the upregulated miRNAs in ADSC-EVs and microglial polarization-related proteins using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results The results showed that ADSC-EVs reduced brain atrophy volume, improved neuromotor and cognitive functions after mouse ischemic stroke. The loss of oligodendrocytes was attenuated after ADSC-EVs injection. The number of blood vessels, as well as newly proliferated endothelial cells in the peri-ischemia area were higher in the ADSC-EVs treated group than that in the PBS group. In addition, ADSC-EVs regulated the polarization of microglia, resulting in increased repair-promoting M2 phenotype and decreased pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Finally, STAT1 and PTEN were highlighted as two downstream targets of up-regulated miRNAs in ADSC-EVs among 85 microglia/macrophage polarization related proteins by IPA. The inhibition of STAT1 and PTEN by ADSC-EVs were confirmed in cultured microglia. Conclusions In summary, ADSC-EVs reduced ischemic brain injury, which was associated with the regulation of microglial polarization. miRNAs in ADSC-EVs partly contributed to their function in regulating microglial polarization by targeting PTEN and STAT1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02668-0.
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28
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Zhang JS, Hou PP, Shao S, Manaenko A, Xiao ZP, Chen Y, Zhao B, Jia F, Zhang XH, Mei QY, Hu Q. microRNA-455-5p alleviates neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1769-1775. [PMID: 35017437 PMCID: PMC8820705 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological factor that results in the development of brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Downregulation of microRNA (miR)-455-5p after ischemic stroke has been considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neuronal injury after ischemia. However, the role of miR-455-5p in the post-ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism have not been evaluated. In this study, mouse models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hour followed by reperfusion. Agomir-455-5p, antagomir-455-5p, and their negative controls were injected intracerebroventricularly 2 hours before or 0 and 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The results showed that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion decreased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue and the peripheral blood. Agomir-455-5p pretreatment increased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue, reduced the cerebral infarct volume, and improved neurological function. Furthermore, primary cultured microglia were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours followed by 21 hours of reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. miR-455-5p reduced C-C chemokine receptor type 5 mRNA and protein levels, inhibited microglia activation, and reduced the production of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. These results suggest that miR-455-5p is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and that it alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 expression and reducing the neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Song Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin-Pin Hou
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Yong Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang SQ, Xiao J, Chen M, Zhou LQ, Shang K, Qin C, Tian DS. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Ischemic Stroke: From Bench to Bedside and Beyond. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:781098. [PMID: 34916911 PMCID: PMC8669352 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is being increasingly recognized as a strong modulator of immune cell migration and endothelial function. Fingolimod and other S1P modulators in ischemic stroke treatment have shown promise in emerging experimental models and small-scale clinical trials. In this article, we will review the current knowledge of the role of S1P signaling in brain ischemia from the aspects of inflammation and immune interventions, sustaining endothelial functions, regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity, and functional recovery. We will then discuss the current and future therapeutic perspectives of targeting S1P for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Mechanism studies would help to bridge the gap between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Future success of bench-to-bedside translation shall be based on in depth understanding of S1P signaling during stroke and on the ability to have a fine temporal and spatial regulation of the signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lu J, He X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li W. Acetylation in Tumor Immune Evasion Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771588. [PMID: 34880761 PMCID: PMC8645962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is considered as one of the most common types of epigenetic modifications, and aberrant histone acetylation modifications are associated with the pathological process of cancer through the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that immune system function and tumor immunity can also be affected by acetylation modifications. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acetylation function in cancer is essential, which may help to develop new therapies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we mainly discussed the functions of acetylase and deacetylase in tumor, immune system and tumor immunity, and listed the information of drugs targeting these enzymes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qiu M, Xu E, Zhan L. Epigenetic Regulations of Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:697416. [PMID: 34707480 PMCID: PMC8542724 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.697416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Microglia/macrophages (MMs)-mediated neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the pathological process of ischemic brain injury. Microglia, serving as resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo pro-inflammatory phenotype or anti-inflammatory phenotype in response to the microenvironmental changes after cerebral ischemia. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetics modifications, reversible modifications of the phenotype without changing the DNA sequence, could play a pivotal role in regulation of MM polarization. However, the knowledge of the mechanism of epigenetic regulations of MM polarization after cerebral ischemia is still limited. In this review, we present the recent advances in the mechanisms of epigenetics involved in regulating MM polarization, including histone modification, non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation. In addition, we discuss the potential of epigenetic-mediated MM polarization as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. It is valuable to identify the underlying mechanisms between epigenetics and MM polarization, which may provide a promising treatment strategy for neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Qiu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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Tao W, Hu Y, Chen Z, Dai Y, Hu Y, Qi M. Magnolol attenuates depressive-like behaviors by polarizing microglia towards the M2 phenotype through the regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153692. [PMID: 34411834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnolol (MA) exhibits anti-depressant effect by inhibiting inflammation. However, its effect on microglia polarization remains not fully understood. Herein, our study was performed to evaluate the effect of MA on microglia polarization in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression and explore its potential mechanism. STUDY DESIGN The CUMS procedure was conducted, and the mice were intragastrically treated with MA. BV2 cells were pretreated with MA prior to LPS/ATP challenge. METHODS The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4, IL-10 in brain and BV2 cells were examined by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of Arg1, Ym1, Fizz1 and Klf4 in brains were measured. ROS content was determined using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was employed to evaluate Iba-1 level, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Iba-1+CD16/32+ and Iba-1+CD206+ cell population. The protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NLRP3, caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β in brains and BV2 cells were investigated by western blot. Nrf2 siRNA was induced in experiments to explore the role of Nrf2 in MA-mediated microglia polarization. The ubiquitination of Nrf2 was visualized by Co-IP. RESULTS The treatment with MA notably relieved depressive like behaviors, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines and the transcription of M2 phenotype microglia-specific indicators. MA upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, downregulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β both in vivo and in vitro. MA also reduced ROS concentration, promoted Nrf2 nucleus translocation and prevented Nrf2 ubiquitination. Nrf2 Knockdown by siRNA abolished the MA-mediated microglia polarization. CONCLUSION The present research demonstrated that MA attenuated CUMS-stimulated depression by inhibiting M1 polarization and inducing M2 polarization via Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China
| | - Yuwen Hu
- Jiangsu Medical Device Testing Institute, Nanjing 220023, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingming Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Dai Y, Wei T, Shen Z, Bei Y, Lin H, Dai H. Classical HDACs in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105182. [PMID: 34509559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key factor of the pathology of various neurological diseases (brain injury, depression, neurodegenerative diseases). It is a complex and orderly process that relies on various types of glial cells and peripheral immune cells. Inhibition of neuroinflammation can reduce the severity of neurological diseases. The initiation, progression, and termination of inflammation require gene activation, epigenetic modification, transcriptional translation, and post-translational regulation, all of which are tightly regulated by different enzymes. Epigenetics refers to the regulation of epigenetic gene expression by epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs such as miRNA) that are not dependent on changes in gene sequence and are heritable. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of important enzymes that regulate epigenetics. They can remove the acetyl group on the lysine ϵ-amino group of the target protein, thereby affecting gene transcription or altering protein activity. HDACs are involved in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) has also become a new hotspot in the research of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to discuss and summarize the role and mechanism of different HDACs in neuroinflammation and the corresponding role of HDACi in neurological diseases, and to providing new ideas for future research on neuroinflammation-related diseases and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Taofeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zexu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Bei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Critical Roles of Lysophospholipid Receptors in Activation of Neuroglia and Their Neuroinflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157864. [PMID: 34360625 PMCID: PMC8346064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes often releases proinflammatory molecules as critical pathogenic mediators that can promote neuroinflammation and secondary brain damages in diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling the activation of glial cells and their neuroinflammatory responses has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. Recently, receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor- and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-mediated signaling in particular, has drawn scientific interest because of its critical roles in pathogenies of diverse neurological diseases such as neuropathic pain, systemic sclerosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, hydrocephalus, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes is a common pathogenic event shared by most of these CNS disorders, indicating that lysophospholipid receptors could influence glial activation. In fact, many studies have reported that several S1P and LPA receptors can influence glial activation during the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework about the roles of S1P and LPA receptors in the activation of microglia and/or astrocytes and their neuroinflammatory responses in CNS diseases.
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Motyl JA, Strosznajder JB, Wencel A, Strosznajder RP. Recent Insights into the Interplay of Alpha-Synuclein and Sphingolipid Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126277. [PMID: 34207975 PMCID: PMC8230587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies have provided increasing evidence that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a protein conformational disease, where the spread of alpha-synuclein (ASN) pathology along the neuraxis correlates with clinical disease outcome. Pathogenic forms of ASN evoke oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and protein alterations in neighboring cells, thereby intensifying ASN toxicity, neurodegeneration, and neuronal death. A number of evidence suggest that homeostasis between bioactive sphingolipids with opposing function—e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide—is essential in pro-survival signaling and cell defense against OS. In contrast, imbalance of the “sphingolipid biostat” favoring pro-oxidative/pro-apoptotic ceramide-mediated changes have been indicated in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we focused on the role of sphingolipid alterations in ASN burden, as well as in a vast range of its neurotoxic effects. Sphingolipid homeostasis is principally directed by sphingosine kinases (SphKs), which synthesize S1P—a potent lipid mediator regulating cell fate and inflammatory response—making SphK/S1P signaling an essential pharmacological target. A growing number of studies have shown that S1P receptor modulators, and agonists are promising protectants in several neurological diseases. This review demonstrates the relationship between ASN toxicity and alteration of SphK-dependent S1P signaling in OS, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Moreover, we discuss the S1P receptor-mediated pathways as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A. Motyl
- Department of Hybrid Microbiosystems Engineering, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna B. Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wencel
- Department of Hybrid Microbiosystems Engineering, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Robert P. Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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36
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miR-24 protects against ischemia-induced brain damage in rats via regulating microglia polarization by targeting Clcn3. Neurosci Lett 2021; 759:135998. [PMID: 34062195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microglia and macrophages play important roles in ischemic brain injury. Changes in their M1/M2 polarization phenotypes significantly impact disease progression. The M2 microglia/macrophages are anti-inflammatory and have a protective effect against ischemic injury. The microRNA 24 (miR-24) promotes M2 macrophage polarization and suppresses inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that miR-24 is protective in ischemic brain injury by regulating microglia polarization. We treated rats with miR-24 inhibitor or mimic and subsequently subjected the rats to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce ischemic brain injury. Neurological deficit and infarct volume were analyzed. Microglia and macrophages were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Microglia polarization was determined by genes specific for M1 and M2 both in vivo and in BV-2 cells. The effect of miR-24 target Clcn3 on microglia polarization was examined. We found that miR-24 inhibition aggravated MCAO induced damage, while miR-24 overexpression alleviated brain injury by suppressing microglia/macrophage infiltration. miR-24 suppressed M1 and promoted M2 microglia polarization both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we showed that miR-24 targeted Clcn3 to regulate microglia polarization. Our study indicates that miR-24 plays a neuroprotective role by promoting anti-proinflammatory microglia polarization during ischemic brain injury.
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37
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Xue Y, Nie D, Wang LJ, Qiu HC, Ma L, Dong MX, Tu WJ, Zhao J. Microglial Polarization: Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2021; 12:466-479. [PMID: 33815877 PMCID: PMC7990355 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which is the second highest cause of death and the leading cause of disability, represents ~71% of all strokes globally. Some studies have found that the key elements of the pathobiology of stroke is immunity and inflammation. Microglia are the first line of defense in the nervous system. After stroke, the activated microglia become a double-edged sword, with distinct phenotypic changes to the deleterious M1 types and neuroprotective M2 types. Therefore, ways to promote microglial polarization toward M2 phenotype after stroke have become the focus of attention in recent years. In this review, we discuss the process of microglial polarization, summarize the alternation of signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation that control microglial polarization in ischemic stroke, aiming to find the potential mechanisms by which microglia can be transformed into the M2 polarized phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Xue
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Nie
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Jian Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Cheng Qiu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ma
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xin Dong
- 3Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,4China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,5Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,6Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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Nematullah M, Hoda MN, Nimker S, Khan F. Restoration of PP2A levels in inflamed microglial cells: Important for neuroprotective M2 microglial viability. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115294. [PMID: 33069748 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PP2A, a trimeric Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase 2A highly expressed in brain, is a master regulator of cellular functions. Reduction in PP2A activity has been linked to progression of microglial mediated neuroinflammatory diseases. Inflammatory conditions are characterized by increased population of CD86+ve M1 cells and a therapeutic strategy to polarize microglial cells towards CD206+ve M2 cells is the need of hour. In this paper we analyzed A: whether the level of PP2A is altered in CD86+ve cells, B: whether FTY720, a known modulator of PP2A, is able to restore the level of PP2A in inflamed CD86+ve cells. Results revealed that PP2A activity was significantly diminished in inflamed cells but the surprising observation was the cell viability of only 35.99% upon FTY720 treatment in inflamed cells lacking basal PP2A activity. A sharp increase at mRNA level of CD95 and ASK-1 indicated that apoptosis occurred in these cells through CD95/ASK-1/JNK pathway. Importantly, flow cytometric analysis revealed apoptosis of not only CD86+ve cells but also CD206+ve cells. Previous studies have reported that FTY720 polarizes microglial cells towards M2 states; however apoptosis of M2 cells was not studied. As western blot analysis revealed that FTY720 failed to completely restore PP2A, another PP2A modulator, Memantine, was used for co-treatment. Upon co-treatment, the level of PP2A was completely restored and also viability of microglial cells was significantly improved with a significant reduction in apoptosis of M2 cells. These findings suggest that co-treatment strategy may prove beneficial to balance M1/M2 microglial population, thereby improving neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nematullah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M N Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Centre, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | | | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Tu H, Chu H, Guan S, Hao F, Xu N, Zhao Z, Liang Y. The role of the M1/M2 microglia in the process from cancer pain to morphine tolerance. Tissue Cell 2020; 68:101438. [PMID: 33220596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pain, especially bone cancer pain, is a pain state often caused by inflammation or dysfunctional nerves. Moreover, in the management of cancer pain, opioid especially morphine is widely used, however, it also brings severe side effects such as morphine tolerance to the patient (Deandrea et al., 2008). A growing body of literatures demonstrated that neuroinflammation is mediated by microglia. As the macrophages like immune cells, microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer pain and morphine tolerance. Microglia acquire different activation states to regulate the function of these cells. As to M1 phenotype, microglia release pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic molecules that promote inflammation and cytotoxic reactions. Conversely, when microglia represent M2 phenotypes secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and nutrient factors that promote the function of repair, regeneration and restore homeostasis. A better understanding of microglia activation in cancer pain and morphine tolerance is crucial for the development of hypothesized neuroprotective drugs. Targeting microglia different polarization states by the inhibition of their deleterious pro-inflammatory neurotoxicity and/or enhancing their beneficial anti-inflammatory protective function seems to be an effective treatment for cancer pain and morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houan Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 6 Tongfu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China
| | - Haichen Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Hai Er Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Sen Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 6 Tongfu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China
| | - Fengxi Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Hai Er Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Hai Er Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Hai Er Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Yongxin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 6 Tongfu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, China.
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40
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Guo Y, Gan X, Zhou H, Zhou H, Pu S, Long X, Ren C, Feng T, Tang H. Fingolimod suppressed the chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via affecting microglial and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Life Sci 2020; 263:118582. [PMID: 33058911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common aspect of the modern lifestyle, and most patients are recalcitrant to the current antidepressants. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine analogue approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, has a significant neuroprotective effect on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the potential therapeutic effect of FTY720 on the behavior and cognitive function of rats exposed daily to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The 42-day CUMS modeling induced depression-like behavior as indicated by the scores of sugar water preference, forced swimming, open field and Morris water maze tests. Mechanistically, CUMS caused significant damage to the hippocampal neurons, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, activated the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, and skewed microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype. FTY720 not only alleviated neuronal damage and oxidative stress, but also improved the depression-like behavior and cognitive function of the rats. It also inhibited NF-κB activation and blocked NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by down-regulating NLRP3, ACS and caspase-1. Furthermore, FTY720 inhibited the microglial M1 polarization markers iNOS and CD16, and promoted the M2 markers Arg-1 and CD206. This in turn reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and increased that of IL-10 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, FTY720 protects hippocampal neurons from stress-induced damage and alleviates depressive symptoms by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for S1P receptor modulation in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongjing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xia Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Gaojian T, Dingfei Q, Linwei L, Xiaowei W, Zheng Z, Wei L, Tong Z, Benxiang N, Yanning Q, Wei Z, Jian C. Parthenolide promotes the repair of spinal cord injury by modulating M1/M2 polarization via the NF-κB and STAT 1/3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:97. [PMID: 33083018 PMCID: PMC7538575 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease; however, there is no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neuroinflammation involves the activation of resident microglia and the infiltration of macrophages is the major pathogenesis of SCI secondary injury and considered to be the therapeutic target of SCI. Parthenolide (PN) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in fever, migraines, arthritis, and superficial inflammation; however, the role of PN in SCI therapeutics has not been clarified. In this study, we showed that PN could improve the functional recovery of spinal cord in mice as revealed by increased BMS scores and decreased cavity of spinal cord injury in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining experiments confirmed that PN could promote axonal regeneration, increase myelin reconstitution, reduce chondroitin sulfate formation, inhibit scar hyperplasia, suppress the activation of A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and facilitate shift from M1 to M2 polarization of microglia/macrophages. To verify how PN exerts its effects on microglia/macrophages polarization, we performed the mechanism study in vitro in microglia cell line BV-2. PN could significantly reduce M1 polarization in BV2 cells and partially rescue the decrease in the expression of M2 phenotype markers of microglia/macrophage induced by LPS, but no significant effect on M2 polarization stimulated with IL-4 was observed. Further study demonstrated PN inhibited NF-κB signal pathway directly or indirectly, and suppressed activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 or 3 (STAT1/3) via reducing the expression of HDAC1 and subsequently increasing the levels of STAT1/3 acetylation. Overall, our study illustrated that PN may be a promising strategy for traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gaojian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Qian Dingfei
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Li Linwei
- Department of Orthopedic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 China
| | - Wang Xiaowei
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhu Tong
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ning Benxiang
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Qian Yanning
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhou Wei
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
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42
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Zhao Y, Yang J, Li C, Zhou G, Wan H, Ding Z, Wan H, Zhou H. Role of the neurovascular unit in the process of cerebral ischemic injury. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105103. [PMID: 32739425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury exhibits both high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional research of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury has focused on separate analyses of the involved cell types. In recent years, the neurovascular unit (NVU) mechanism of cerebral ischemic injury has been proposed in modern medicine. Hence, more effective strategies for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury may be provided through comprehensive analysis of brain cells and the extracellular matrix. However, recent studies that have investigated the function of the NVU in cerebral ischemic injury have been insufficient. In addition, the metabolism and energy conversion of the NVU depend on interactions among multiple cell types, which make it difficult to identify the unique contribution of each cell type. Therefore, in the present review, we comprehensively summarize the regulatory effects and recovery mechanisms of four major cell types (i.e., astrocytes, microglia, brain-microvascular endothelial cells, and neurons) in the NVU under cerebral ischemic injury, as well as discuss the interactions among these cell types in the NVU. Furthermore, we discuss the common signaling pathways and signaling factors that mediate cerebral ischemic injury in the NVU, which may help to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive elucidation of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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Chen R, Cao X, Luo W, Yang H, Luo X, Yu J, Luo J. Dabigatran Suppresses PAR-1/SphK/S1P Activation of Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:114. [PMID: 32694981 PMCID: PMC7338760 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) that currently does not have any effective treatment. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is often employed as a model to mimic the clinical manifestations of MS, mainly CNS demyelination. Coagulation is known to participate in crosstalk with inflammation and autoimmunity. We herein explored the correlation between the coagulation cascade and CNS immune diseases in vitro using primary astrocytes isolated from mice and in vivo using a mouse model of EAE. We showed that dabigatran, a clinical oral anti-coagulant drug, suppressed the thrombin-induced activation of astrocytes, and the underlying mechanisms are related to the activity of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and sphingosine kinases (SphKs). Importantly, dabigatran effectively recovered neurological function, reduced inflammation in the spinal cord, and prevented spinal cord demyelination caused by EAE. We suggest that dabigatran, a specific inhibitor of thrombin, antagonized the effect of thrombin in astrocytes by limiting the activation of PAR-1, in turn downregulating SphK1 and disrupting S1P receptor signaling. These findings reveal critical information about the relationship between coagulation mechanisms and CNS immune diseases and will contribute to the clinical translation and development of therapeutic strategies against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenxiu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Haodi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinya Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Juming Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124229. [PMID: 32545828 PMCID: PMC7352301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral and central inflammatory features, as well as demyelination and neurodegeneration. The available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MS have been designed to suppress the peripheral immune system. In addition, however, the effects of these drugs may be partially attributed to their influence on glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). We here describe the molecular effects of the traditional and more recent FDA-approved MS drugs Fingolimod, Dimethyl Fumarate, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-β, Teriflunomide, Laquinimod, Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab on microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we point to a possible common molecular effect of these drugs, namely a key role for NFκB signaling, causing a switch from pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of these CNS cell types that recently emerged as central players in MS pathogenesis. This notion argues for the need to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MS drug action.
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Fingolimod Affects Transcription of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Ceramide Metabolism in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2799-2811. [PMID: 32356173 PMCID: PMC7253528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance in sphingolipid signaling may be critically linked to the upstream events in the neurodegenerative cascade of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed the influence of mutant (V717I) amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) transgene on sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in mouse hippocampus. At 3 months of age AβPP/Aβ presence upregulated enzymes of ceramide turnover on the salvage pathway: ceramide synthases (CERS2, CERS4, CERS6) and also ceramidase ACER3. At 6 months, only CERS6 was elevated, and no ceramide synthase was increased at 12 months. However, sphingomyelin synthases, which utilize ceramide on the sphingomyelinase pathway, were reduced (SGMS1 at 12 and SGMS2 at 6 months). mRNAs for sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1 and SGMS2 were also significantly downregulated in human AD hippocampus and neocortex when compared with age-matched controls. Our findings suggest early-phase deregulation of sphingolipid homeostasis in favor of ceramide signaling. Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors countered the AβPP-dependent upregulation of hippocampal ceramide synthase CERS2 at 3 months. Moreover, at 12 months, FTY720 increased enzymes of ceramide-sphingosine turnover: CERS4, ASAH1, and ACER3. We also observed influence of fingolimod on the expression of the sphingomyelinase pathway enzymes. FTY720 counteracted the AβPP-linked reduction of sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1/2 (at 12 and 6 months, respectively) and led to elevation of sphingomyelinase SMPD2 (at 6 and 12 months). Therefore, our results demonstrate potentially beneficial, age-specific effects of fingolimod on transcription of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in an animal model of AD.
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Potential sphingosine-1-phosphate-related therapeutic targets in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2020; 249:117542. [PMID: 32169519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways in the brain. Research has increasingly implicated S1P in the pathology of cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. As a high-affinity agonist of S1P receptor, fingolimod exhibits excellent neuroprotective effects against ischemic challenge both in vivo and in vitro. By summarizing recent progress on how S1P participates in the development of brain IR injury, this review identifies potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of brain IR injury.
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