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Alkhatib B, Ciarelli J, Ghnenis A, Pallas B, Olivier N, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Early- to mid-gestational testosterone excess leads to adverse cardiac outcomes in postpartum sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H315-H330. [PMID: 38819385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00763.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular dysfunctions complicate 10-20% of pregnancies, increasing the risk for postpartum mortality. Various gestational insults, including preeclampsia are reported to be associated with adverse maternal cardiovascular outcomes. One such insult, gestational hyperandrogenism increases the risk for preeclampsia and other gestational morbidities but its impact on postpartum maternal health is not well known. We hypothesize that gestational hyperandrogenism such as testosterone (T) excess will adversely impact the maternal heart in the postpartum period. Pregnant ewes were injected with T propionate from day 30 to day 90 of gestation (term 147 days). Three months postpartum, echocardiograms, plasma cytokine profiles, cardiac morphometric, and molecular analysis were conducted [control (C) n = 6, T-treated (T) n = 7 number of animals]. Data were analyzed by two-tailed Student's t test and Cohen's effect size (d) analysis. There was a nonsignificant large magnitude decrease in cardiac output (7.64 ± 1.27 L/min vs. 10.19 ± 1.40, P = 0.22, d = 0.81) and fractional shortening in the T ewes compared with C (35.83 ± 2.33% vs. 41.50 ± 2.84, P = 0.15, d = 0.89). T treatment significantly increased 1) left ventricle (LV) weight-to-body weight ratio (2.82 ± 0.14 g/kg vs. 2.46 ± 0.08) and LV thickness (14.56 ± 0.52 mm vs. 12.50 ± 0.75), 2) proinflammatory marker [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] in LV (1.66 ± 0.35 vs. 1.06 ± 0.18), 3) LV collagen (Masson's Trichrome stain: 3.38 ± 0.35 vs. 1.49 ± 0.15 and Picrosirius red stain: 5.50 ± 0.32 vs. 3.01 ± 0.23), 4) markers of LV apoptosis, including TUNEL (8.3 ± 1.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.18), bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)+-to-b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)+ ratio (0.68 ± 0.30 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02), and cleaved caspase 3 (15.4 ± 1.7 vs. 4.4 ± 0.38). These findings suggest that gestational testosterone excess adversely programs the maternal LV, leading to adverse structural and functional consequences in the postpartum period.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a sheep model of human translational relevance, this study provides evidence that excess gestational testosterone exposure such as that seen in hyperandrogenic disorders adversely impacts postpartum maternal hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Alkhatib
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Joseph Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Nicholas Olivier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Arpita Kalla Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, United States
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Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Di Gasbarro A, Borrelli P, Di Nicola M, Frisenda C, Costantini E, Aielli L, Reale M, Vecchiet J. Cytokines assets in PLWH in two-drug dolutergravir based or three-drug antiretroviral regimen. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:665. [PMID: 38961336 PMCID: PMC11223302 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To minimize the toxicity and impact of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the lifestyle of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH), scientific community evaluated the efficacy, safety and sustained virologic response of two drugs antiretroviral regimens, in particular dolutegravir (DTG). The effects of deintensification therapy on inflammatory settings are currently unknown in PLWH. Thus, our study explored the inflammatory state in virologically suppressed HIV individuals between patients in treatment with a DTG-containing dual therapy (2DR) versus triple regimen therapies (3DR). We enrolled a total of 116 subjects in 2DRs or 3DRs regimens, and the plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (in particular IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 and IFN-γ) have been evaluated. CD4 + cell's median value was 729.0 cell/µL in the 3DR group and 771.5 cell/µL in 2DR group; the viral load was negative in all patients. Significant differences were found in levels of IL-18 (648.8 cell/µL in 3DR group vs. 475.0 cell/µL in 2DR group, p = 0.034) and IL-36 (281.7 cell/µL in 3DR group vs. 247.0 cell/µL in 2DR group, p = 0.050), and a correlation between IL-18 and IL-36 was found in 3DR group (rho = 0.266, p = 0.015). This single-center retrospective pharmacological study confirms the absence of significant differences in IL-1β, IL-10, IL-33, and IFN-γ levels between patients on two-drug antiretroviral regimens compared to patients on 3DR antiretroviral regimens. Patients in 2DR show greater control over IL-18 and IL-36 serum levels, cytokines related to an increased cardiovascular risk and development of age-related chronic diseases. Based on our results, we suggest that DTG-based 2DR antiretroviral regimens could be associated with better control of the chronic inflammation that characterizes the population living with HIV in effective ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Falasca
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Gasbarro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Carla Frisenda
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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Xu Y, Wang JY, Zou Y, Ma XW, Meng T. Role of IL-1 Family Cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4001-4016. [PMID: 38915806 PMCID: PMC11195677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-36 (IL-36), IL-37, IL-38 belong to IL-1 family. The IL-36 subfamily obtains pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on various immune responses. Cytokine IL-37, has anti-inflammatory functions in immunity, and the recently identified IL-38 negatively associated with disease pathogenesis. To date, expression of IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 is reported dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and may be disease markers for arthritis-related diseases. Interestingly, expression of IL-38 was different either in OA patients or animal models, and expression of IL-36Ra in synovium was different in OA and RA patients. Moreover, functional studies have demonstrated significant role of these cytokines in OA and RA progress. These processes were related to immune cells and non-immune cells, where the cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 may regulate downstream signalings in the cells, and then involve in OA, RA development. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent advancements in cytokines and the development of OA, RA. We hope that targeting these cytokines will become a potential treatment option for OA and RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Ma
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
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Xin S, Liu X, He C, Gao H, Wang B, Hua R, Gao L, Shang H, Sun F, Xu J. Inflammation accelerating intestinal fibrosis: from mechanism to clinic. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38890719 PMCID: PMC11184829 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a prevalent complication of IBD that that can frequently be triggered by prolonged inflammation. Fibrosis in the gut can cause a number of issues, which continue as an ongoing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The primary causes of intestinal fibrosis are soluble molecules, G protein-coupled receptors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the gut microbiota. Fresh perspectives coming from in vivo and in vitro experimental models demonstrate that fibrogenic pathways might be different, at least to some extent, independent of the ones that influence inflammation. Understanding the distinctive procedures of intestinal fibrogenesis should provide a realistic foundation for targeting and blocking specific fibrogenic pathways, estimating the risk of fibrotic consequences, detecting early fibrotic alterations, and eventually allowing therapy development. Here, we first summarize the inflammatory and non-inflammatory components of fibrosis, and then we elaborate on the underlying mechanism associated with multiple cytokines in fibrosis, providing the framework for future clinical practice. Following that, we discuss the relationship between modernization and disease, as well as the shortcomings of current studies. We outline fibrosis diagnosis and therapy, as well as our recommendations for the future treatment of intestinal fibrosis. We anticipate that the global review will provides a wealth of fresh knowledge and suggestions for future fibrosis clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Clinical Medical College, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Belean A, Xue E, Cisneros B, Roberson EDO, Paley MA, Bigley TM. Transcriptomic profiling of thymic dysregulation and viral tropism after neonatal roseolovirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375508. [PMID: 38895117 PMCID: PMC11183875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herpesviruses, including the roseoloviruses, have been linked to autoimmune disease. The ubiquitous and chronic nature of these infections have made it difficult to establish a causal relationship between acute infection and subsequent development of autoimmunity. We have shown that murine roseolovirus (MRV), which is highly related to human roseoloviruses, induces thymic atrophy and disruption of central tolerance after neonatal infection. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection results in development of autoimmunity in adult mice, long after resolution of acute infection. This suggests that MRV induces durable immune dysregulation. Methods In the current studies, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to study the tropism of MRV in the thymus and determine cellular processes in the thymus that were disrupted by neonatal MRV infection. We then utilized tropism data to establish a cell culture system. Results Herein, we describe how MRV alters the thymic transcriptome during acute neonatal infection. We found that MRV infection resulted in major shifts in inflammatory, differentiation and cell cycle pathways in the infected thymus. We also observed shifts in the relative number of specific cell populations. Moreover, utilizing expression of late viral transcripts as a proxy of viral replication, we identified the cellular tropism of MRV in the thymus. This approach demonstrated that double negative, double positive, and CD4 single positive thymocytes, as well as medullary thymic epithelial cells were infected by MRV in vivo. Finally, by applying pseudotime analysis to viral transcripts, which we refer to as "pseudokinetics," we identified viral gene transcription patterns associated with specific cell types and infection status. We utilized this information to establish the first cell culture systems susceptible to MRV infection in vitro. Conclusion Our research provides the first complete picture of roseolovirus tropism in the thymus after neonatal infection. Additionally, we identified major transcriptomic alterations in cell populations in the thymus during acute neonatal MRV infection. These studies offer important insight into the early events that occur after neonatal MRV infection that disrupt central tolerance and promote autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Belean
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Eden Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Benjamin Cisneros
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elisha D. O. Roberson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Paley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tarin M. Bigley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Sugiura K, Fujita H, Komine M, Yamanaka K, Akiyama M. The role of interleukin-36 in health and disease states. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38779986 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily upregulates immune responses and maintains homeostasis between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Within the IL-1 superfamily, IL-36 plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Of the four IL-36 isoforms, three have agonist activity (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and the fourth has antagonist activity (IL-36 receptor antagonist [IL-36Ra]). All IL-36 isoforms bind to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Binding of IL-36α/β/γ to the IL-36R recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and activates downstream signalling pathways mediated by nuclear transcription factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. Antagonist binding of IL-36Ra to IL-36R inhibits recruitment of IL-1RAcP, blocking downstream signalling pathways. Changes in the balance within the IL-36 cytokine family can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses throughout the body. As such, IL-36 has been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases, notably a type of pustular psoriasis called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a chronic, rare, potentially life-threatening, multisystemic skin disease characterised by recurrent fever and extensive sterile pustules. In GPP, IL-36 is central to disease pathogenesis, and the prevention of IL-36-mediated signalling can improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the biological functions of the IL-36 pathway. We also consider the evidence for uncontrolled activation of the IL-36 pathway in a wide range of skin (e.g., plaque psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis and pyoderma gangrenosum), lung (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), gut (e.g., intestinal fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and Hirschsprung's disease), kidney (e.g., renal tubulointerstitial lesions) and infectious diseases caused by a variety of pathogens (e.g., COVID-19; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections), as well as in cancer. We also consider how targeting the IL-36 signalling pathway could be used in treating inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Gürsel M, Bayat T, Dündar N, Yabacı Tak A, Karaduman B. Investigating the diagnostic potential of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with different periodontal conditions. Biomarkers 2024; 29:118-126. [PMID: 38344835 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2318256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ, to investigate the link between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in periodontal conditions and assess their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between different types of periodontal conditions. METHODS 80 systemically healthy non-smokers (25 periodontally healthy, 25 with gingivitis, 30 with periodontitis) were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the diagnostic value of cytokines. RESULTS IL-36γ had the highest sensitivity for diagnosing periodontitis, although its specificity for identifying those without periodontitis was relatively low. The combination of IL-1β and IL-36γ was the most effective in differentiating periodontitis from periodontal health. IL-10 was found to be an acceptable discriminator for distinguishing gingivitis from healthy conditions. However, its sensitivity and specificity for identifying gingivitis were lower. The combination of the three cytokines showed the highest ability to distinguish between periodontitis and gingivitis. CONCLUSION The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in GCF may provide insights into periodontal health and disease status. Further studies are needed to validate these results and explore the potential of these cytokines in periodontal disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihtikar Gürsel
- Department of Periodontology,, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Bayat
- Department of Periodontology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşegül Yabacı Tak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karaduman
- Department of Periodontology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dong Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Interleukins in Epilepsy: Friend or Foe. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:635-657. [PMID: 38265567 PMCID: PMC11127910 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting ~ 65 million worldwide. Evidence in patients with epilepsy and animal models suggests a contribution of neuroinflammation to epileptogenesis and the development of epilepsy. Interleukins (ILs), as one of the major contributors to neuroinflammation, are intensively studied for their association and modulatory effects on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. ILs are commonly divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are expected to be pathogenic or neuroprotective in epilepsy. However, both protective and destructive effects have been reported for many ILs. This may be due to the complex nature of ILs, and also possibly due to the different disease courses that those ILs are involved in. In this review, we summarize the contributions of different ILs in those processes and provide a current overview of recent research advances, as well as preclinical and clinical studies targeting ILs in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Vela-Patiño S, Salazar MI, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Vadillo E, Gomez-Apo E, Escobar-España A, Perez-Koldenkova V, Bonifaz L, Aguilar-Flores C, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Mercado M. The Immune Microenvironment Landscape of Pituitary NeuroEndocrine Tumors, a Transcriptomic Approach. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:531. [PMID: 38790160 PMCID: PMC11120841 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are known to be variably infiltrated by different immune cells. Nonetheless, their role in pituitary oncogenesis has only begun to be unveiled. The immune microenvironment could determine the biological and clinical behavior of a neoplasm and may have prognostic implications. To evaluate the expression of immune-related genes and to correlate such expression with the presence of infiltrating immune cells in forty-two PitNETs of different lineages, we performed whole transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR. Deconvolution analysis was carried out to infer the immune cell types present in each tumor and the presence of immune cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence. We found characteristic expression profiles of immune-related genes including those encoding interleukins and chemokines for each tumor lineage. Genes such as IL4-I1, IL-36A, TIRAP, IL-17REL, and CCL5 were upregulated in all PitNETS, whereas IL34, IL20RA, and IL-2RB characterize the NR5A1-, TBX19-, and POU1F1-derived tumors, respectively. Transcriptome deconvolution analysis showed that M2 macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and neutrophils can potentially infiltrate PitNET. Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells infiltration was validated by immunofluorescence. Expression of CCL18, IL-5RA, and HLA-B as well as macrophage tumor infiltration could identify patients who can potentially benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vela-Patiño
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico (K.T.-P.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Vacunología y Virus Tropicales, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
| | - Ma. Isabel Salazar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Vacunología y Virus Tropicales, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico (K.T.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Erick Gomez-Apo
- Área de Neuropatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (E.G.-A.)
| | - Aurea Escobar-España
- Área de Neuropatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (E.G.-A.)
| | - Vadim Perez-Koldenkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopia Avanzada, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Laura Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico (K.T.-P.)
| | - Moises Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico (K.T.-P.)
- Centro de Cancer, Hospital American British Cowdray, Sur 136 116, Las Américas, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México 01120, Mexico
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10
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Grönberg C, Rattik S, Tran-Manh C, Zhou X, Rius Rigau A, Li YN, Györfi AH, Dickel N, Kunz M, Kreuter A, Matei EA, Zhu H, Skoog P, Liberg D, Distler JH, Trinh-Minh T. Combined inhibition of IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 signalling by targeting IL1RAP ameliorates skin and lung fibrosis in preclinical models of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-225158. [PMID: 38594058 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL)-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is an essential coreceptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 receptors. Here, we investigate the antifibrotic potential of the combined inhibition of these cytokines by an anti-IL1RAP antibody to provide a scientific background for clinical development in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS The expression of IL1RAP-associated signalling molecules was determined by data mining of publicly available RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data as well as by imaging mass cytometry. The efficacy of therapeutic dosing of anti-IL1RAP antibodies was determined in three complementary mouse models: sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis model and topoisomerase-I (topo)-induced fibrosis. RESULTS SSc skin showed upregulation of IL1RAP and IL1RAP-related signalling molecules on mRNA and protein level compared with normal skin. IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 all regulate distinct gene sets related to different pathophysiological processes in SSc. The responses of human fibroblasts and endothelial cells to IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 were completely blocked by treatment with an anti-IL1RAP antibody in vitro. Moreover, anti-IL1RAP antibody treatment reduced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis in cGvHD-induced, bleomycin-induced and topoisomerase-induced fibrosis. Importantly, RNAseq analyses revealed effects of IL1RAP inhibition on multiple processes related to inflammation and fibrosis that are also deregulated in human SSc skin. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence for the therapeutic benefits of targeting IL1RAP in SSc. Our findings have high translational potential as the anti-IL1RAP antibody CAN10 has recently entered a phase one clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cuong Tran-Manh
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Nicholas Dickel
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS Saint Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Emil-Alexandru Matei
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | - Jörg Hw Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
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11
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Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, Wang Y, Fiocchi C. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:854-866. [PMID: 38233198 PMCID: PMC10997492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in stricture formation and obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) and increased wall stiffness leading to symptoms in ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the largest unmet needs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibrosis is caused by a multifactorial and complex process involving immune and non-immune cells, their soluble mediators and exposure to luminal contents, such as microbiota and environmental factors. To date, no antifibrotic therapy is available. Some progress has been made in creating consensus definitions and measurements to quantify stricture morphology for clinical practice and trials, but approaches to determine the degree of fibrosis within a stricture are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We herein describe the current state of stricture pathogenesis, measuring tools and clinical trial endpoints development. DESIGN Data presented and discussed in this review derive from the past and recent literature and the authors' own research and experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in better understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis, but additional studies and preclinical developments are needed to define specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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van Ierland K, Vredevoogd C, Roach R, Clahsen P. Severe case of pustular psoriasis during pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258198. [PMID: 38508599 PMCID: PMC10952864 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pustular psoriasis of pregnancy (PPP) is a rare variant of generalised pustular psoriasis occurring during or after pregnancy. PPP can have significant maternal and fetal morbidity if left untreated. In this case report, we present a pregnant woman with this rare cutaneous disorder and how it was treated. Due to the limited available evidence regarding the treatment of PPP, we describe the treatment that was given based on the clinical manifestations and severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corla Vredevoogd
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medisch Centrum Haaglanden Westeinde, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Roach
- Dernatology, Medisch Centrum Haaglanden Westeinde, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Clahsen
- Pathology, HMC Westeinde Hospital, Den Haag, The Netherlands
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13
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Gay MD, Drda JC, Chen W, Huang Y, Yassin AA, Duka T, Fang H, Shivapurkar N, Smith JP. Implicating the cholecystokinin B receptor in liver stem cell oncogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G291-G309. [PMID: 38252699 PMCID: PMC11211039 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00208.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest-growing cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are the greatest risk factors for the development of HCC. Although the cell of origin for HCC is uncertain, many theories believe this cancer may arise from liver progenitor cells or stem cells. Here, we describe the activation of hepatic stem cells that overexpress the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) after liver injury with either a DDC diet (0.1% 3, 5-diethoxy-carbonyl 1,4-dihydrocollidine) or a NASH-inducing CDE diet (choline-deficient ethionine) in murine models. Pharmacologic blockade of the CCK-BR with a receptor antagonist proglumide or knockout of the CCK-BR in genetically engineered mice during the injury diet reduces the expression of hepatic stem cells and prevents the formation of three-dimensional tumorspheres in culture. RNA sequencing of livers from DDC-fed mice treated with proglumide or DDC-fed CCK-BR knockout mice showed downregulation of differentially expressed genes involved in cell proliferation and oncogenesis and upregulation of tumor suppressor genes compared with controls. Inhibition of the CCK-BR decreases hepatic transaminases, fibrosis, cytokine expression, and alters the hepatic immune cell signature rendering the liver microenvironment less oncogenic. Furthermore, proglumide hastened recovery after liver injury by reversing fibrosis and improving markers of synthetic function. Proglumide is an older drug that is orally bioavailable and being repurposed for liver conditions. These findings support a promising therapeutic intervention applicable to patients to prevent the development of HCC and decrease hepatic fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation identified a novel pathway involving the activation of hepatic stem cells and liver oncogenesis. Receptor blockade or genetic disruption of the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) signaling pathway decreased the activation and proliferation of hepatic stem cells after liver injury without eliminating the regenerative capacity of healthy hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha D Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jack C Drda
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Yimeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Amal A Yassin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Tetyana Duka
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Hongbin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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14
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Mejia-Garcia A, Fernandez GJ, Echeverri LF, Balcazar N, Acin S. RNA-seq analysis reveals modulation of inflammatory pathways by an enriched-triterpene natural extract in mouse and human macrophage cell lines. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24382. [PMID: 38293365 PMCID: PMC10826738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is crucial in developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that a leaf extract of Eucalyptus tereticornis, with ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic acid lactone (UAL) as the main molecules (78 %) mixed with unknown minor metabolites (22 %), provided superior anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects than reconstituted triterpenoid mixtures in macrophage cell lines and a pre-diabetic mouse model. Further identification of the molecular mechanisms of action of this mixture of triterpenes is required. This study aims to analyse the RNA expression profiles of mouse and human macrophage cell lines treated with the natural extract and its components. Activated macrophage cell lines were treated with the natural extract, UA, OA, UAL or a triterpene mixture (M1). RNA was extracted and sequenced using the DNBseq platform and the EnrichR software to perform gene enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Reactome. To conduct clustering analysis, we standardised the normalised counts of each gene and applied k-means clustering. The combination of molecules in the natural extract has an additive or synergic effect that affects the expression of up-regulated genes by macrophage activation. Triterpenes (M1) regulated 76 % of human and 68 % of mouse genes, while uncharacterised minority molecules could regulate 24 % of human and 32 % of mouse genes. The extract inhibited the expression of many cytokines (IL6, IL1, OSM), chemokines (CXCL3), inflammatory mediators (MMP8 and MMP13) and the JAK-STAT signalling pathway in both models. The natural extract has a more powerful immunomodulatory effect than the triterpene mixture, increasing the number of genes regulated in mouse and human models. Our study shows that Eucalyptus tereticornis extract is a promising option for breaking the link between inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mejia-Garcia
- Grupo Genmol. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Genmol. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Echeverri
- Grupo QOPN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Norman Balcazar
- Grupo Genmol. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de fisiología y Bioquímica, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sergio Acin
- Grupo Genmol. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de fisiología y Bioquímica, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Landuzzi L, Ruzzi F, Pellegrini E, Lollini PL, Scotlandi K, Manara MC. IL-1 Family Members in Bone Sarcomas. Cells 2024; 13:233. [PMID: 38334625 PMCID: PMC10854900 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-1 family members have multiple pleiotropic functions affecting various tissues and cells, including the regulation of the immune response, hematopoietic homeostasis, bone remodeling, neuronal physiology, and synaptic plasticity. Many of these activities are involved in various pathological processes and immunological disorders, including tumor initiation and progression. Indeed, IL-1 family members have been described to contribute to shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), determining immune evasion and drug resistance, and to sustain tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. This review addresses the role of IL-1 family members in bone sarcomas, particularly the highly metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (EWS), and discusses the IL-1-family-related mechanisms that play a role in bone metastasis development. We also consider the therapeutic implications of targeting IL-1 family members, which have been proposed as (i) relevant targets for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic drugs; (ii) immune checkpoints for immune suppression; and (iii) potential antigens for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (K.S.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (K.S.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (K.S.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (K.S.); (M.C.M.)
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16
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Cao J, Liu JH, Wise SG, Fan J, Bao S, Zheng GS. The role of IL-36 and 37 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1281121. [PMID: 38312834 PMCID: PMC10834741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1281121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has garnered considerable attention due to its morbidity and mortality. Although the precise mechanisms underlying HCC tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated, evidence suggests that host immunity plays a pivotal role in its development. IL-36 and IL-37 are important immunoregulatory cytokines classified as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory respectively. In the context of HCC, the downregulation of intrahepatic IL-36 is inversely correlated with cirrhosis, but positively correlated with 5-year survival rates, suggesting that IL-36 offers protection during HCC development. However, IL-36 may lose its hepatoprotective effects as the disease progresses to HCC in the context of dysregulated immunity in cirrhotic patients. Substantially increased circulating IL-36 in HCC patients is likely a systemic response to HCC stimulation, but is insufficient to suppress progression towards HCC. Intrahepatic IL-37 is suppressed in HCC patients, consistent with the inverse correlation between intrahepatic IL-37 and the level of AFP in HCC patients, suggesting IL-37 exerts hepatoprotection. There is no significant difference in IL-37 among differentiations of HCC or with respect to clinical BCLC stages or cirrhosis status in HCC patients. However, IL-37 protection is demonstrated in an IL-37 transfected HCC animal model, showing significantly reduced tumour size. IL-36/37 may inhibit HCC by enhancing M1 tumour-associated macrophages while not affecting M2 macrophages. The interplay between IL-36 (pro-inflammatory) and IL-37 (anti-inflammatory) is emerging as a crucial factor in host protection against the development of HCC. Further research is needed to investigate the complex mechanisms involved and the therapeutic potential of targeting these cytokines in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hong Liu
- Department of Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Digestive Disease Clinical Research Centre, Lanzhou, China
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingchun Fan
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gui-Sen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Takami K, Tsuji S, Jokoji R, Okubo Y, Higashiyama M. Paediatric pustulotic arthro-osteitis patient with an IL36RN variant, heterozygous c.115+6T>C, who was successfully treated with tonsillectomy: A case report and literature review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15016. [PMID: 38284206 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO) is an infrequent condition, with its manifestation in children being even rare. Some reports propose an association between genetic variants and the onset of PAO. Currently, no definitive treatment protocol exists for paediatric patients with PAO. In this study, we present the paediatric case of PAO with an IL36RN variant who was successfully treated with tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psoriasis Center, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Jokoji
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Okubo
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Higashiyama
- Department of Psoriasis Center, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Lee MJ, Hammouda MB, Miao W, Okafor A, Jin Y, Sun H, Jain V, Markovtsov V, Diao Y, Gregory SG, Zhang JY. UBE2N is essential for maintenance of skin homeostasis and suppression of inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569631. [PMID: 38105982 PMCID: PMC10723344 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
UBE2N, a Lys63-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, plays critical roles in embryogenesis and immune system development and function. However, its roles in adult epithelial tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis are unclear. We generated conditional mouse models that deleted Ube2n in skin cells in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. We found that Ube2n-knockout (KO) in the adult skin keratinocytes induced a range of inflammatory skin defects characteristic of psoriatic and actinic keratosis. These included eczematous inflammation, epidermal and dermal thickening, parakeratosis, and increased immune cell infiltration, as well as signs of edema and blistering. Single cell transcriptomic analyses and RT-qPCR showed that Ube2n KO keratinocytes expressed elevated myeloid cell chemo-attractants such as Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 and decreased the homeostatic T lymphocyte chemo-attractant, Ccl27a. Consistently, the infiltrating immune cells of Ube2n-KO skin were predominantly myeloid-derived cells including neutrophils and M1-like macrophages that were highly inflammatory, as indicated by expression of Il1β and Il24. Pharmacological blockade of the IL-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK1/4) alleviated eczema, epidermal and dermal thickening, and immune infiltration of the Ube2n mutant skin. Together, these findings highlight a key role of keratinocyte-UBE2N in maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and skin immunity and identify IRAK1/4 as potential therapeutic target for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wanying Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arinze Okafor
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yingai Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Blicharz L, Czuwara J, Rudnicka L, Torrelo A. Autoinflammatory Keratinization Diseases-The Concept, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Implications. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:377-402. [PMID: 38103162 PMCID: PMC10847199 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in medical genetics elucidated the background of diseases characterized by superficial dermal and epidermal inflammation with resultant aberrant keratosis. This led to introducing the term autoinflammatory keratinization diseases encompassing entities in which monogenic mutations cause spontaneous activation of the innate immunity and subsequent disruption of the keratinization process. Originally, autoinflammatory keratinization diseases were attributed to pathogenic variants of CARD14 (generalized pustular psoriasis with concomitant psoriasis vulgaris, palmoplantar pustulosis, type V pityriasis rubra pilaris), IL36RN (generalized pustular psoriasis without concomitant psoriasis vulgaris, impetigo herpetiformis, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau), NLRP1 (familial forms of keratosis lichenoides chronica), and genes of the mevalonate pathway, i.e., MVK, PMVK, MVD, and FDPS (porokeratosis). Since then, endotypes underlying novel entities matching the concept of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases have been discovered (mutations of JAK1, POMP, and EGFR). This review describes the concept and pathophysiology of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases and outlines the characteristic clinical features of the associated entities. Furthermore, a novel term for NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis (NADED) describing the spectrum of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases secondary to NLRP1 mutations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Niño Jesús, 28009, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Hao J, Yu J, Yorek MS, Yu CL, Pope RM, Chimenti MS, Xiong Y, Klingelhutz A, Jabbari A, Li B. Keratinocyte FABP5-VCP complex mediates recruitment of neutrophils in psoriasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113449. [PMID: 37967009 PMCID: PMC10729729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of intractable psoriasis is neutrophil infiltration in skin lesions. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a significant upregulation of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) in the skin of human psoriasis and psoriatic mouse models. Genetic deletion of FABP5 in mice by global knockout and keratinocyte conditional (Krt6a-Cre) knockout, but not myeloid cell conditional (LysM-Cre) knockout, attenuates psoriatic symptoms. Immunophenotypic analysis shows that FABP5 deficiency specifically reduces skin recruitment of Ly6G+ neutrophils. Mechanistically, activated keratinocytes produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in an FABP5-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis further identifies that FABP5 interacts with valosin-containing protein (VCP), a key player in NF-κB signaling activation. Silencing of FABP5, VCP, or both inhibits NF-κB/neutrophil chemotaxis signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate dysregulated FABP5 as a molecular mechanism promoting NF-κB signaling and neutrophil infiltration in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew S Yorek
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chi-Li Yu
- Proteomics Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aloysius Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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21
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Chameettachal S, Venuganti A, Parekh Y, Prasad D, Joshi VP, Vashishtha A, Basu S, Singh V, Bokara KK, Pati F. Human cornea-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel for prevention of post-traumatic corneal scarring: A translational approach. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:289-307. [PMID: 37683964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Corneal scarring and opacification are a significant cause of blindness affecting millions worldwide. The current standard of care for corneal blindness is corneal transplantation, which suffers from several drawbacks. One alternative approach that has shown promise is the use of xenogeneic corneal extracellular matrix (ECM), but its clinical applicability is challenging due to safety concerns. This study reports the innovative use of human cornea-derived ECM to prevent post-traumatic corneal scarring. About 30 - 40% of corneas donated to the eye banks do not meet the standards defined for clinical use and are generally discarded, although they are completely screened for their safety. In this study, human cornea-derived decellularized ECM hydrogel was prepared from the non-transplantation grade human cadaveric corneas obtained from an accredited eye-bank. The prepared hydrogel was screened for its efficacy against corneal opacification following an injury in an animal model. Our in vivo study revealed that, the control collagen-treated group developed corneal opacification, while the prophylactic application of human cornea-derived hydrogel effectively prevented corneal scarring and opacification. The human hydrogel-treated corneas were indistinguishable from healthy corneas and comparable to those treated with the xenogeneic bovine corneal hydrogel. We also demonstrated that the application of the hydrogel retained the biological milieu including cell behavior, protein components, optical properties, curvature, and nerve regeneration by remodeling the corneal wound after injury. The hydrogel application is also sutureless, resulting in faster corneal healing. We envision that this human cornea-derived ECM-based hydrogel has potential clinical application in preventing scarring from corneal wounding. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There are significant challenges surrounding corneal regeneration after injury due to extensive scarring. Although there is substantial research on corneal regeneration, much of it uses synthetic materials with chemical cross-linking methods or xenogeneic tissue-based material devices which have to undergo exhaustive safety analysis before clinical trials. Herein, we demonstrate the potential application of a human corneal extracellular matrix hydrogel without any additional materials for scarless corneal tissue regeneration, and a method to reduce the wasting of donated allogenic corneal tissue from eye banks. We found no difference in efficacy between the usage of human tissues compared to xenogeneic sources. This may help ease clinical translation and can be used topically without sutures as an outpatient procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Animith Venuganti
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yash Parekh
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deeksha Prasad
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vineet P Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India; Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anviti Vashishtha
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Kiran Kumar Bokara
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, ANNEXE II, Medical Biotechnology Complex, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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22
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Weaver DF. Amyloid-β is a cytokine. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4237-4247. [PMID: 37228244 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in human physiology and pathology remains an unresolved subject of study; Aβ's role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is particularly controversial. However, before we can more fully appreciate Aβ's role in AD, an understanding of its normal physiological role(s) must first be attained. This perspective appraises the current literature and concludes that Aβ is a cytokine. This conclusion was arrived at based on a comprehensive listing of 30 characteristic defining structural and functional properties of cytokines followed by a literature precedence-based demonstration that Aβ possesses all 30 properties; this categorization of cytokine characteristics enabled an organized comparison of cytokines and Aβ, thereby providing systematic justification for classifying Aβ as a cytokine. The conclusion that Aβ is a cytokine enables the merger of two leading hypotheses of AD (amyloid hypothesis and neuroinflammation) into a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Kodali N, Blanchard I, Kunamneni S, Lebwohl MG. Current management of generalized pustular psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1204-1218. [PMID: 36779681 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare subset of psoriasis involving episodes of sterile pustules accompanied by inflammation and, often, systemic involvement. The inflammatory nature of GPP has potential for severe multisystem complications including high-output cardiac failure, infections, digestive system issues, and disfiguring or lethal acute flare episodes. The disease tends to have higher prevalence in females and Asians. The IL-1/IL-36 inflammatory pathway is a critical facet of GPP's pathology. Genetic mutations that are associated with GPP include modifications of Interleukin 36 Receptor Antagonist (IL36RN), Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 14 (CARD14), Adaptor Related Protein Complex 1 Subunit Sigma 3 (AP1S3), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor Clade A Member 3 (SERPINA3) genes. Treatment guidelines for GPP are not well-entrenched. Currently, only one GPP-specific treatment, the interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) spesolimab, has been approved for use in the United States. Additional anti-IL-36 pathway therapies are currently being developed. Other treatment options include other biologic therapies such as IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors and TNFα inhibitors. Non-biologic therapeutic options include retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate. Treatment options differ throughout the world; most countries utilize retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate as first-line non-biologic options. China and United Kingdom have no GPP-specific biologic therapies approved for use, while several biologic therapies are approved for use in Japan. This review aims to serve as an update on the current global management of GPP while also including relevant aspects of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, histopathology, aetiology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kodali
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabella Blanchard
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sruthi Kunamneni
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Dermatology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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24
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Majewska A, Gajewska M, Dembele K. Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy on Transcriptomic Changes in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11616. [PMID: 37511372 PMCID: PMC10380577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetic, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory and pruritic skin disorder. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is presently recognized as the only clinically effective disease-modifying treatment for allergies. The aim of our study was to analyze the changes in gene expression observed in the peripheral blood nuclear cells of cAD patients subjected to ASIT. Blood samples designated for transcriptomic analyses were collected from AD dogs twice, before and six months after ASIT, and also from healthy dogs. Statistical analysis revealed 521 differentially expressed transcripts, among which 241 transcripts represented genes with well-described functions. Based on the available literature, we chose nine differentially expressed genes (RARRES2, DPP10, SLPI, PLSCR4, MMP9, NTSR1, CBD103, DEFB122, and IL36G) which may be important in the context of the dysregulated immune response observed in cAD patients. The expressions of five out of the nine described genes (DPP10, PLSCR4, NTSR1, DEFB122, and IL36G) changed after the application of ASIT. The expressions of three of these genes returned to the level observed in the healthy control group. The genes listed above need further investigation to determine details of their role in the molecular mechanism of immune tolerance induction in response to allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Chen Q, Gao N, Yu FS. Interleukin-36 Receptor Signaling Attenuates Epithelial Wound Healing in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas. Cells 2023; 12:1587. [PMID: 37371057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-36 cytokines are known to play various roles in mediating the immune and inflammatory response to tissue injury in a context-dependent manner. This study investigated the role of IL-36R signaling in mediating epithelial wound healing in normal (NL) and diabetic (DM) C57BL/6 mouse corneas. The rate of epithelial wound closure was significantly accelerated in IL-36 receptor-deficient (IL-36R-/-) compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Wounding increased IL-36α and -36γ but repressed IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra) expression in B6 mouse corneal epithelial cells. The wound-induced proinflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 were dampened, while the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) S100A8 and A9 were augmented in IL-36R-/- mouse corneas. Intriguingly, the expression of AMP LCN2 was augmented at the mRNA level. LCN2 deficiency resulted in an acceleration of epithelial wound healing. IL-36R deficiency also greatly increased the healing rate of the corneal epithelial wound in DM mice. IL-36R deficiency also suppressed IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and ICAM expression in unwounded-DM mice and wounded NL corneas. Opposing IL-1β and ICAM, the expression of IL-Ra in DM corneas of IL-36R-/- mice was augmented. The presence of recombinant IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra accelerated epithelial wound closure in T1DM corneas of B6 mice. Our study revealed an unprecedented role of IL-36R signaling in controlling corneal epithelial wound healing in normal (NL) and diabetic (DM) mice. Our data suggest that IL-36Ra, similar to IL-1Ra, might be a therapeutic reagent for improving wound healing and reducing wound-associated ulceration, particularly in the cornea and potentially in the skin of DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fu-Shin Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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26
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Maarouf M, Kuczma M, Denning TL. IL-36/IL-36R Signaling Promotes CD4+ T Cell-Dependent Colitis via Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542162. [PMID: 37292643 PMCID: PMC10245963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial, chronic disease that affects approximately 1.5 million people in the United States [1]. It presents with inflammation of the intestine with unknown etiology and its two main forms are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Several important factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, one being dysregulation of the immune system resulting in the accumulation and stimulation of innate and adaptive immune cells and subsequent release of soluble factors, including pro-inflammatory cytokines. One of these cytokines is a member of the IL-36 cytokine family, IL-36γ, which is overexpressed in human IBD and experimental mouse models of colitis. In this study, we explored the role of IL-36γ in promoting CD4 + T cell activation and cytokine secretion. We found that IL-36γ stimulation of naïve CD4 + T cells significantly induced IFNγ expression in vitro and was associated with augmented intestinal inflammation in vivo using naive CD4 + cell transfer model of colitis. Using IFNγ-/- CD4 + cells, we observed a dramatic decrease in the ability of TNFα production and delayed colitis. This data not only suggests that IL-36γ is a master regulator of a pro-inflammatory cytokine network involving IFNγ and TNFα, but also highlights the importance of targeting IL-36γ and IFNγ as therapeutic approaches. Our studies have broad implications in relation to targeting specific cytokines in human IBD.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie H. Guénin
- Correspondence to: Sophie H. Guénin, MSc, The Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th St, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10029.
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28
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Talib Mohammed W, Mahmood Alubadi AE, Munshed Alosami MH. Evaluation of serum Interleukin 36 in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a worldwide inflammatory chronic autoimmune disease with varying severity. Due to no definitive cure for this disease, current therapies aim to decrease the pain and slow further damage. The interleukin (IL)‐36 cytokine was little known for its role in rheumatoid arthritis; this research aimed to evaluate the serum IL36 levels in RA patients compared to healthy controls. This study included 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis registered at the Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on the treatments received. Group 1 included patients treated with biological therapy (etanercept, adalimumab), Group2 patients with non-biological treatment (methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone), Group3 patients without any treatment and compared with Group 4 healthy control group. Patients is all groups were assessed for their serum IL-36 concentration; the mean IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of RA patients which include the group of patients treated with biological therapy (Enbrel (etanercept) and Humira (adalimumab) means were (1132.41±475.2,), and group of non-biological therapy patients (Methotrexate hydroxychloroquine and prednisone) (G2) means was 553.95±307, than patients' group without any treatment (G3) means was 1044.01±575.3 compared to the control (341.38±113.1) p-value> 0.00001. The patient's age and BMI were not significantly different between three groups of patient Rheumatoid arthritis. Parameters for this disease also were tested which include RF, CRP, ESR, anti-CCP and disease activity score-28 (DAS 28), there were significant differences when compared with the control group. IL-36 serum level was significantly higher in three groups of rheumatoid arthritis than those in controls, and when compared between three patients groups there was less concentration in the non-biological therapy treatment group means was 553.95±307 than in the rest of the patient groups,biology tratment, without any treatment, means were (1132.41±475.2, 1044.01±575.3) respectively. This study found that Rheumatoid arthritis patients' serum IL36 levels increased, where a non-biologic therapies reduced this cytokine. IL-36's pathogenic involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis needs more study.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, IL-36, IL-1,C‐reactive protein, RF, ESR and anti-CCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Talib Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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29
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Yi YH, Chen G, Gong S, Han LZ, Gong TL, Wang YX, Xu WH, Jin X. Injectable Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel Loaded with IL-36Ra for the Relief of Osteoarthritis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1672-1681. [PMID: 36796355 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease accompanied by synovial joint inflammation, and IL-36 plays an important role in this process. Local application of IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) can effectively control the inflammatory response, thereby protecting cartilage and slowing down the development of OA. However, its application is limited by the fact that it is rapidly metabolized locally. We designed and prepared a temperature-sensitive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel (IL-36Ra@Gel) system carrying IL-36Ra and evaluated its basic physicochemical characteristics. The drug release curve of IL-36Ra@Gel indicated that this system could slowly release the drug over a longer period. Furthermore, degradation experiments showed that it could be largely degraded from the body within 1 month. The biocompatibility-related results showed that it had no significant effect on cell proliferation compared to the control group. In addition, the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 was lower in IL-36Ra@Gel-treated chondrocytes than in the control group, and the opposite results appeared in aggrecan and collagen X. After 8 weeks of treatment with IL-36Ra@Gel by joint cavity injection, HE and Safranin O/Fast green staining showed that the degree of cartilage tissue destruction in the IL-36Ra@Gel-treated group was less than those in other groups. Meanwhile, the joints of mice in the IL-36Ra@Gel group had the most intact cartilage surface, the smallest thickness of cartilage erosion, and the lowest OARSI and Mankins score among all groups. Consequently, the combination of IL-36Ra and PLGA-PLEG-PLGA temperature-sensitive hydrogels can greatly improve the therapeutic effect and prolong the drug duration time, thus effectively delaying the progression of degenerative changes in OA, providing a new feasible nonsurgical treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hu Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Song Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li-Zhi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tian-Lun Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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30
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Bissonnette R, Abramovits W, Saint-Cyr Proulx É, Lee P, Guttman-Yassky E, Zovko E, Sigmund R, Willcox J, Bieber T. Spesolimab, an anti-interleukin-36 receptor antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:549-557. [PMID: 36376738 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and there is increasing evidence that the interleukin (IL)-36 pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of spesolimab, a novel anti-IL-36 receptor antibody, in adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS In this phase IIa study, 51 eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to receive intravenous doses of spesolimab 600 mg or placebo every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score at Week 16. RESULTS The decrease in EASI score from baseline to Week 16 was -37.9% for spesolimab versus -12.3% for placebo (adjusted mean difference -25.6%, p = 0.149). A predefined sensitivity analysis, excluding data from patients who used restricted corticosteroids, resulted in an adjusted mean difference of -48.3% (nominal p = 0.024). Spesolimab was well tolerated, with no clinically relevant safety signals. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the IL-36 pathway inhibition in AD. Although not statistically significant, numerical improvements were observed in the primary endpoint of change from baseline in the EASI score. Spesolimab had an acceptable safety profile, with no unexcepted safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia Lee
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeta Zovko
- Boehringer Ingelheim Corporation, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ralf Sigmund
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Joanne Willcox
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Ombredane HCJ, Fenwick PS, Barnes PJ, Bafadhel M, Ito K, Donnelly LE, Baker JR. Temporal Release of IL-1 Family Members from Virally Infected Airway Epithelial Cells Suggests IL-36γ Is the Early Responder. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:339-341. [PMID: 36856413 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0389le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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32
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Baker KJ, Brint E, Houston A. Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal a tumour-promoting role for the IL-36 receptor in colon cancer and crosstalk between IL-36 signalling and the IL-17/ IL-23 axis. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:735-747. [PMID: 36482185 PMCID: PMC9977920 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are a sub-family of the IL-1 family which are becoming increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Initial studies of IL-36 signalling in tumorigenesis identified an immune-mediated anti-tumorigenic function for these cytokines. However, more recent studies have shown IL-36 cytokines also contribute to the pathogenesis of lung and colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate IL-36 expression in CRC using transcriptomic datasets and software such as several R packages, Cytoscape, GEO2R and AnalyzeR. Validation of results was completed by qRT-PCR on both cell lines and a patient cohort. Cellular proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry and resazurin reduction. RESULTS We demonstrate that IL-36 gene expression increases with CRC development. Decreased tumoral IL-36 receptor expression was shown to be associated with improved patient outcome. Our differential gene expression analysis revealed a novel role for the IL-36/IL-17/IL-23 axis, with these findings validated using patient-derived samples and cell lines. IL-36γ, together with either IL-17a or IL-22, was able to synergistically induce different genes involved in the IL-17/IL-23 axis in CRC cells and additively induce colon cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this data support a pro-tumorigenic role for IL-36 signalling in colon cancer, with the IL-17/IL-23 axis influential in IL-36-mediated colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin James Baker
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Brint
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Aileen Houston
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Haynes D, Reiter T, Velasco R, Chang M, Kulkarni R, Kent G, Strunck J, Cassidy P, Greiling TM. Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Transcriptomics Implicate T Helper 17 Signaling and Correlate with Response to Ixekizumab, with Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Nonresponders. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:501-504.e1. [PMID: 36167251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Haynes
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Taylor Reiter
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rose Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rajan Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gail Kent
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer Strunck
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Pamela Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Teri M Greiling
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Shi S, Zhou Y, Gong L, Xu J, Li Y, Li M. Clinical significance of elevated serum IL-36γ levels in patients with early-stage Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clin Biochem 2023; 112:61-66. [PMID: 36470344 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant cause of primary hypothyroidism. Interleukin (IL)-36γ is a member of the IL-36 family. Recently, IL-36γ was shown to possess proinflammatory properties in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of IL-36γ in HT is insufficiently understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between IL-36γ and HT. DESIGN & METHODS We included 100 subjects, among whom, 52 had early-stage HT and 48 were healthy controls (HC). The subjects' basic clinical information was obtained through physical examination and clinical histories of signs and symptoms. Thyroid function and measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine 3, free triiodothyronine 4 (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroid globulin antibody were measured using a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer. The expression levels of serum IL-36γ were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The serum IL-36γ level in the HT group was significantly higher compared with that of the HC group [91.91 (67.52, 130.90) pg/mL vs 62.50 (44.61, 91.53) pg/mL, P < 0.0001]. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between serum IL-36γ and TPO-Ab titers in the HT group (r = -0.3507, P = 0.0054). According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for IL-36γ was 0.7278 (P < 0.0001), and the AUC for IL-36γ combined with TSH and FT4 was 0.8109 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that serum IL-36γ expression is increased in patients with HT and negatively correlates with TPO-Ab. Our findings suggest that IL-36γ may be involved in the development of HT and may therefore serve as a potential new diagnostic biomarker for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yinxin Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Luping Gong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Xu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Mingcai Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.
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Jaber AS, Ad'hiah AH. A novel signature of interleukins 36α, 37, 38, 39 and 40 in ankylosing spondylitis. Cytokine 2023; 162:156117. [PMID: 36586188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined five cytokines, three belong to interleukin (IL)-1 family (IL-36α, IL-37 and IL-38), one belongs to IL-12 family (IL-39) and one has not been assigned to a family (IL-40), in the serum of 110 male patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 103 male controls. Studies regarding these cytokines in AS are very limited. Therefore, the significance of IL-36α, IL-37, IL-38, IL-39 and IL-40 as biomarkers of AS was evaluated. Cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results revealed that serum levels (median and interquartile range) of IL-36α (90.7; 53.7-166.2 vs 39.7; 31.3-59.2 pg/mL; probability [p] < 0.001), IL-37 (161.3; 62.8-236.6 vs 58.4; 46.8-80.7 ng/mL; p < 0.001), IL-38 (135.8; 78.2-213.5 vs 65.8; 51.1-87.1 pg/mL; p < 0.001), IL-39 (57.7; 34.1-92.3 vs 29.1; 19.3-58.6 ng/L; p < 0.001) and IL-40 (3.89; 2.99-6.19 vs 2.10; 1.75-2.68 ng/L; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in AS patients than in controls. Besides, they were of value in distinguishing between AS patients and controls as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: area under the curve = 0.797 (IL-36α), 0.75 (IL-37), 0.797 (IL-38), 0.728 (IL-39) and 0.886 (IL-40). Some of these cytokines were significantly correlated, but no correlation with AS activity was found. In conclusion, the levels of IL-36α, IL-37, IL-38, IL-39 and IL-40 were up-regulated in the serum of AS patients regardless of age, age at disease onset, disease duration, disease activity or HLA-B27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhraa S Jaber
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Zheng W, Hu X, Zou M, Hu N, Song W, Wang R, Liu Y, Hou Q, Liu Y, Chen X, Cheng Z. Plasma IL-36α and IL-36γ as Potential Biomarkers in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Pilot Study in the Chinese Population. Inflammation 2023; 46:285-296. [PMID: 36044099 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and increases mortality in patients with RA. Early identification of ILD, especially the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern with a poor prognosis, is important for guiding treatment of RA-ILD and preventing damage resulting from a delay in diagnosis. Interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokines are involved in connective tissue diseases. However, IL-36 expression in RA-ILD is unknown. In this study, the clinical relevance of plasma IL-36 cytokines was evaluated in 39 patients with RA-ILD and three other groups (30 healthy controls [HCs], 35 RA patients without ILD, and 27 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF]) in the Chinese population. Plasma IL-36α and IL-36γ concentrations were elevated in patients with RA-ILD compared with those in HCs and patients with RA. RA-ILD patients with UIP pattern had higher plasma IL-36γ concentrations than those with RA-ILD without UIP, but these were lower than those in patients with IPF. Receiver operating curve analysis suggested that IL-36α and IL-36γ were potential biomarkers for identifying ILD in patients with RA. Additionally, the optimal cutoff value of IL-36γ for distinguishing RA-ILD with the UIP pattern from RA-ILD without UIP was 555.40 pg/mL and that for distinguishing RA-ILD from IPF was 655.10 pg/mL. No significant difference in plasma IL-36β or IL-36Ra concentrations was found between patients with RA-ILD and the three other groups. We also found that the lungs originating from different types of patients with PF, including RA-ILD and IPF, and those from mice following bleomycin-induced PF were characterized by increased IL-36γ expression. Our findings suggest that using IL-36 cytokines to identify patients with RA for further ILD workups may provide additional diagnostic value to the current clinically available assays. Moreover, IL-36γ may help to identify the presence of the UIP pattern in patients with RA-ILD and to discriminate RA-ILD from IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishuai Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglin Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nie Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinhui Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhenshun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Andoh A, Nishida A. Pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of interleukin (IL)-33, IL-36, and IL-38 in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:69-78. [PMID: 36376594 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), IL-36, and IL-38 are members of the IL-1 cytokine family. The expression of each cytokine has been reported to be increased in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33 and IL-36 have been studied for pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and IL-38 has been characterized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by antagonizing the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). IL-33 is a nuclear cytokine constitutively expressed by certain cell types such as epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast-like cells and released on necrotic cell death. IL-33 mainly induces type 2 immune response through its receptor suppression tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) from Th2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but also by stimulating Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and CD8+ T cells. IL-36 cytokines consist of three agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra) and IL-38. All IL-36 cytokines bind to the IL-36R complex and exert various functions through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in inflammatory settings. IL-33 and IL-36 also play a crucial role in intestinal fibrosis characteristic manifestation of CD. In this review, we focused on the current understanding of the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of IL-33, IL-36, and IL38 in experimental colitis and IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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38
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Comparison of the Inflammatory Circuits in Psoriasis Vulgaris, Non‒Pustular Palmoplantar Psoriasis, and Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:87-97.e14. [PMID: 35934055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP) and non‒pustular palmoplantar psoriasis (NPPP) are localized, debilitating forms of psoriasis. The inflammatory circuits involved in PPPP and NPPP are not well-understood. To compare the cellular and immunological features that differentiate PPPP and NPPP, skin biopsies were collected from a total of 30 participants with PPPP, NPPP, and psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and from 10 healthy participants. A subset consented to a second biopsy after 3 additional weeks off medication. Histologic staining of lesional and nonlesional skin showed higher neutrophil counts in PPPP than in NPPP and PV and higher CD8+ T-cell counts in NPPP. RNA sequencing and transcriptional analysis of skin biopsies showed enhanced IFN-γ pathway activation in NPPP lesions but stronger signatures of IL-17 pathway and neutrophil-related genes (e.g., IL36A) in PPPP lesional skin. Serum analysis on the Olink platform detected higher concentrations of T helper type 1, IFN-γ‒inducible chemokines in NPPP, and higher neutrophil-associated cytokines in PPPP. Taken together, this evidence suggests more pronounced T helper 1‒mediated inflammation in NPPP than in PV and PPPP and stronger neutrophil-associated activity in PPPP than in NPPP and PV. These data support targeting inflammatory pathways associated with neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., IL-36 signaling) for therapeutic development in PPPP.
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The IL-1 Family and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010017. [PMID: 36613465 PMCID: PMC9820551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 superfamily of cytokines is a central regulator of immunity and inflammation. The family is composed of 11 cytokines (with agonist, antagonist, and anti-inflammatory properties) and 10 receptors, all tightly regulated through decoy receptor, receptor antagonists, and signaling inhibitors. Inflammation not only is an important physiological response against infection and injury but also plays a central role in atherosclerosis development. Several clinical association studies along with experimental studies have implicated the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and its receptors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the key features of the IL-1 family, its role in immunity and disease, and how it helps shape the development of atherosclerosis.
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40
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Exopolyphosphatases PPX1 and PPX2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulate dormancy response and pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Treponema denticola Induces Interleukin-36γ Expression in Human Oral Gingival Keratinocytes via the Parallel Activation of NF-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0024722. [PMID: 36040155 PMCID: PMC9584330 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral epithelial barrier acts as both a physical barrier to the abundant oral microbiome and a sentry for the immune system that, in health, constrains the accumulation of the polymicrobial plaque biofilm. The immune homeostasis during gingivitis that is largely protective becomes dysregulated, unproductive, and destructive to gingival tissue as periodontal disease progresses to periodontitis. The progression to periodontitis is associated with the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, with increasing prevalences and abundances of periodontal pathogens such as Treponema denticola. Despite the association of T. denticola with a chronic inflammatory disease, relatively little is known about gingival epithelial cell responses to T. denticola infection. Here, we characterized the transcriptome of gingival keratinocytes following T. denticola challenge and identified interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ) as the most differentially expressed cytokine. IL-36γ expression is regulated by p65 NF-κB and the activation of both the Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways downstream of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) contributes to IL-36γ expression and may link the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest that the interactions of T. denticola with the gingival epithelium lead to elevated IL-36γ expression, which may be a critical inducer and amplifier of gingival inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone loss.
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Baker JR, Fenwick PS, Koss CK, Owles HB, Elkin SL, Fine JS, Thomas M, Kasmi KC, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Imbalance between IL-36 receptor agonist and antagonist drives neutrophilic inflammation in COPD. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155581. [PMID: 35763349 PMCID: PMC9462491 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments fail to modify the underlying pathophysiology and disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), necessitating alternative therapies. Here, we show that COPD subjects have increased IL-36γ and decreased IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) in bronchoalveolar and nasal fluid compared to control subjects. IL-36γ is derived from small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and further induced by a viral mimetic, whereas IL-36RA is derived from macrophages. IL-36γ stimulates release of the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL8, as well as elastolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from small airway fibroblasts (SAF). Proteases released from COPD neutrophils cleave and activate IL-36γ thereby perpetuating IL-36 inflammation. Transfer of culture media from SAEC to SAF stimulated release of CXCL1, that was inhibited by exogenous IL-36RA. The use of a therapeutic antibody that inhibits binding to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) attenuated IL-36γ driven inflammation and cellular cross talk. We have demonstrated a mechanism for the amplification and propagation of neutrophilic inflammation in COPD and that blocking this cytokine family via a IL-36R neutralizing antibody could be a promising new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Baker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Fenwick
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin K Koss
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG,, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Harriet B Owles
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Elkin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jay S Fine
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, United States of America
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG,, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Karim C Kasmi
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG,, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Park YJ, Kim YH, Lee ES, Kim YC. Comparative Analysis of Single-Cell Transcriptome Data Reveals a Novel Role of Keratinocyte-Derived IL-23 in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905239. [PMID: 35693818 PMCID: PMC9174585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a common inflammatory skin disease, is critically dependent on the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis. Although immune cell-derived IL-23 is generally associated with the disease pathogenesis, there have been reports of IL-23 production in keratinocytes. To determine the presence and potential role of keratinocyte-derived IL-23 in psoriasis, we investigated its expression levels using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data from human samples. We discovered that the expression of IL23A was detectable in keratinocytes as well as dendritic cells. Furthermore, we examined the IL-23p19 expression in an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis and found a close relationship between keratinocyte-produced IL-23 and IL-36, another key cytokine in psoriasis pathogenesis. The blockade of IL-23 signaling resulted in the reduced expression of IL-36 in the keratinocytes. Our findings reveal the novel association between keratinocyte-derived IL-23 and IL-36 in psoriasis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yul Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Huang S, Feng T, Wang J, Dong L. IL-36 is Closely Related to Neutrophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1339-1347. [PMID: 35698471 PMCID: PMC9188371 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s357151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ belong to the IL-36 family and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be correlated with IL-36; however, the specific role of IL-36 in COPD is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether IL-36 could be an indicator for determining COPD severity and the specific nature of the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-36 in COPD. Methods A total of 70 patients with COPD and 20 control subjects were included in this study. We collected peripheral blood samples from both the groups, analyzed the blood cell fractions by routine blood examination, and measured the serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ by performing polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the correlation between the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and the level of IL-36 was also analyzed. Results We found that level of IL-36 in patients with COPD was positively correlated with the number of neutrophils but not with eosinophils, whereas the correlation was not found in the control group. Moreover, the level of IL-36 was negatively correlated with the level of lung function of patients with COPD, and the levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ increased with advancing disease severity. Conclusion In COPD, the pro-inflammatory effect of IL-36 is closely related to neutrophils, and hence, IL-36 might be considered a novel biomarker for determining COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liang Dong, Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13505401207, Email
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Sun R, Gao DS, Shoush J, Lu B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:280-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hwang J, Rick J, Hsiao J, Shi VY. A review of IL-36: an emerging therapeutic target for inflammatory dermatoses. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:2711-2722. [PMID: 35470744 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2067819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 superfamily. Increasing evidence in the IL-36 pathway demonstrates their potential as a therapeutic target for treating inflammatory skin diseases, such as generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). OBJECTIVE A narrative review was written to further study preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of IL-36 in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), acne, autoimmune blistering diseases, and neutrophilic dermatoses. RESULTS IL-36 has important downstream effects such as inducing expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors. Increased expression of IL-36 cytokines has been observed in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. Studies of other inflammatory skin diseases have also noted similar findings, albeit to a lesser extent. IL-36 inhibition has been shown to be effective in GPP and is currently being studied for other inflammatory skin diseases. CONCLUSIONS The IL-36 pathway contributes to pathogenesis of many inflammatory skin diseases and is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonwei Hwang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Rick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jennifer Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Mentxaka A, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Reina G, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Catalán V. Increased Levels of Interleukin-36 in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Fuel Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Inducing Its Own Expression and Release by Adipocytes and Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832185. [PMID: 35222417 PMCID: PMC8863603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a recently described cytokine with well-known functions in the regulation of multiple inflammatory diseases. Since no data exists on how this cytokine regulates adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis, we aimed to explore the function of a specific isoform, IL-36γ, an agonist, in human obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes as well as in AT inflammation and fibrosis. Plasma IL-36γ was measured in 91 participants in a case-control study and the effect of weight loss was evaluated in 31 patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Gene expression levels of IL36G and its receptor were analyzed in relevant human metabolic tissues. The effect of inflammatory factors and IL-36γ was determined in vitro in human adipocytes and macrophages. We found, for the first time, that the increased (P<0.05) circulating levels of IL-36γ in patients with obesity decreased (P<0.001) after weight and fat loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and that gene expression levels of IL36G were upregulated in the visceral AT (P<0.05) and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P<0.01) from patients with obesity. We also demonstrated increased (P<0.05) expression levels of Il36g in the epididymal AT from diet-induced obese mice. IL36G was significantly enhanced (P<0.001) by LPS in human adipocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, while no changes were found after the incubation with anti-inflammatory cytokines. The addition of IL-36γ for 24 h strongly induced (P<0.01) its own expression as well as key inflammatory and chemoattractant factors with no changes in genes associated with fibrosis. Furthermore, adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from patients with obesity increased (P<0.01) the release of IL-36γ and the expression (P<0.05) of cathepsin G (CTSG) in monocyte-derived macrophages. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence about the properties of IL-36γ in the regulation of AT-chronic inflammation, emerging as a link between AT biology and the obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,*Correspondence: Victoria Catalán, ; Gema Frühbeck,
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Valentí
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,*Correspondence: Victoria Catalán, ; Gema Frühbeck,
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Wherry TLT, Mooyottu S, Stabel JR. Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 on PBMCs From Dairy Cattle Naturally Infected With Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:830144. [PMID: 35211544 PMCID: PMC8861496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.830144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D3 in modulating immune responses has been well-established for over two decades; however, its specific functions have not been extensively detailed in cattle, particularly cattle in different stages of infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Consistent with previous work in our lab, the present study showed that infected cattle in the clinical stage of disease have reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. Additionally, effects of vitamin D3 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from naturally infected dairy cattle in subclinical (n = 8) or clinical (n = 8) stages of infection were compared to non-infected control cows (n = 8). Briefly, PBMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro with 4 ng/ml 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] or 100 ng/ml 25(OH)D3. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in decreased secretion for some pro-inflammatory cytokines in clinical animals, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Similar responses for IL-1β and IL-6 were noted with the addition of 25(OH)D3. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression tended to be upregulated in PBMCs from clinical animals after treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. In contrast, PBMCs from clinical animals treated with 25(OH)D3 showed downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, although only significant for IL1B. Following 25(OH)D3 treatment, clinical animals showed significant reduction in CD4+CD25+ T cells. CYP27B1 gene expression was notably decreased in clinical and control animals following 25(OH)D3 treatment but increased in subclinical cows. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment reduced CYP24A1 gene expression in all groups, while 25(OH)D3 treatment only significantly reduced expression for control cows. Lastly, serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in clinical animals. Taken together, these data show vitamin D3 modulates cytokine signaling in cattle at different stages of MAP infection and, therefore, may have implications on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. T. Wherry
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shankumar Mooyottu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith R. Stabel
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Smarz-Widelska I, Grywalska E. Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020647. [PMID: 35054831 PMCID: PMC8775480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidney diseases. An important role in the homeostasis and disease progression, including kidney diseases, is attributed to interleukins, which perform several biological functions and interact with other cells and tissues of the body. The aim of this article was to systematize the knowledge about the biological functions performed by interleukins in humans and their involvement in kidney diseases development. In our work, we took into account the role of interleukins in acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Smarz-Widelska
- Department of Nephrology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Provincial Hospital in Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka Street, 20-718 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.M.); (E.G.)
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50
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Tanaka Y, Iwata Y, Saito K, Fukushima H, Watanabe S, Hasegawa Y, Akiyama M, Sugiura K. Cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury is exacerbated by IL-36 receptor antagonist deficiency. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:295-304. [PMID: 34699104 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in IL36RN, which encodes interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. However, the pathogenic role of IL-36Ra in cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of IL36Ra in cutaneous I/R injury. METHODS We examined I/R injury in Il36rn-/- mice. The area of wounds, numbers of infiltrated cells, apoptotic cells and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation were assessed. The expression levels of various genes were analysed using real-time RT-PCR. The expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an endogenous toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand, was confirmed using immunohistology, and serum HMGB1 levels were measured by ELISA. Cytokine production by stimulated cultured J774A.1 and HaCaT cells was examined. RESULTS IL-36Ra deficiency resulted in significantly delayed wound healing and increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the wound tissues. Il36rn-/- mice had increased mRNA expression levels of CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL4, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-36γ relative to wild-type mice. Apoptosis was identified in keratinocytes by TUNEL assay. HMGB1 expression in the I/R site was decreased in both keratinocytes and adnexal cells, while serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated after reperfusion. The mRNA levels of various cytokines, including IL-1β, were elevated in J774A.1 cells through TLR4 signalling by HMGB1 stimulation. In addition, HaCaT cells stimulated with IL-1β showed significantly increased CXCL1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-36β and IL-36γ mRNA expression. Furthermore, NET formation was increased by IL-36Ra deficiency. Finally, either the blockade of TLR4 signalling by TAK-242 or inhibition of NET formation by Cl-amidine normalized exacerbated I/R injury in Il36rn-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that IL-36Ra deficiency exacerbates cutaneous I/R injury due to excessive inflammatory cell recruitment, NET formation, and excessive cytokine and chemokine production via the TLR4 pathway by HMGB1 released from epidermal apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Y Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - K Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - H Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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