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Castro EF, Álvarez DE. New Highly Selective Antivirals for Chikungunya Virus identified from the Screening of a Drug-Like Compound Library. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:343. [PMID: 39227496 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Treatment of CHIKV infections is currently supportive and does not limit viral replication or symptoms of persistent chronic arthritis. Although there are multiple compounds reported as antivirals active against CHIKV in vitro, there are still no effective and safe antivirals. Thus, active research aims at the identification of new chemical structures with antiviral activity. Here, we report the screen of the Pandemic Response Box library of small molecules against a fully infectious CHIKV reporter virus. Our screening approach successfully identified previously reported CHIKV antiviral compounds within this library and further expanded potentially active hits, supporting the use of reporter-virus-based assays in high-throughput screening format as a reliable tool for antiviral drug discovery. Four molecules were identified as potential drug candidates against CHIKV: MMV1634402 (Brilacidin) and MMV102270 (Diphyllin), which were previously shown to present broad-spectrum antiviral activities, in addition to MMV1578574 (Eravacycline), and the antifungal MMV689401 (Fluopicolide), for which their antiviral potential is uncovered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diego E Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Brito RMDM, de Melo MF, Fernandes JV, Valverde JG, Matta Guedes PM, de Araújo JMG, Nascimento MSL. Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection Triggers a Diverse Range of T Helper Lymphocyte Profiles. Viruses 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 39339863 PMCID: PMC11437511 DOI: 10.3390/v16091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus causing acute febrile illness with severe joint pain, often leading to chronic arthralgia. This study investigated the adaptive immune responses during the early stages of symptomatic acute CHIKV infection, focusing on the transcription factors and cytokines linked to Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells. Thirty-six individuals were enrolled: nine healthy controls and 27 CHIKV-positive patients confirmed by qRT-PCR. Blood samples were analyzed for the mRNA expression of transcription factors (Tbet, GATA3, FoxP3, STAT3, RORγt) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, IL-22, TGF-β, IL-10). The results showed the significant upregulation of Tbet, GATA3, FoxP3, STAT3, and RORγt in CHIKV-positive patients, with RORγt displaying the highest increase. Correspondingly, cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-22 were upregulated, while TGF-β was downregulated. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the distinct immune profiles between CHIKV-positive and healthy individuals. A correlation analysis indicated that higher Tbet expression correlated with a lower viral load, whereas FoxP3 and TGF-β were associated with higher viral loads. Our study sheds light on the intricate immune responses during acute CHIKV infection, characterized by a mixed Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg response profile. These results emphasize the complex interplay between different adaptive immune responses and how they may contribute to the pathogenesis of Chikungunya fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Farias de Melo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Joanna Gardel Valverde
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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3
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Rzymski P, Niedziela J, Poniedziałek B, Rosińska J, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Sobala-Szczygieł B, Flisiak R, Gąsior M, Jaroszewicz J. Humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in patients with different long COVID phenotypes. Virology 2024; 596:110118. [PMID: 38805803 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) is characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with various mechanisms offered to explain its pathogenesis. This study explored whether adaptive humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses differ in LC. Unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescents (n = 200) were enrolled, with 21.5% (n = 43) presenting LC three months post-infection. LC diagnosis was based on persistent symptom(s) and alterations in biochemical/clinical markers; three phenotypes were distinguished: cardiological, pulmonary, and psychiatric LC. All three phenotypes were characterized by significantly decreased seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid (anti-NP). LC was associated with decreased odds of testing positive for anti-NP (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.16-0.78, p = 0.001). Seropositive LC patients had lower anti-S1 and anti-S2 levels than individuals without LC, and those with pulmonary and psychological phenotypes also revealed decreased anti-RBD concentrations. The results indicate that LC can be characterized by diminished humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. The potential implication of this phenomenon in post-acute viral sequelae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jacek Niedziela
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
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4
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Warnes CM, Bustos Carrillo FA, Zambrana JV, Lopez Mercado B, Arguello S, Ampié O, Collado D, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Longitudinal analysis of post-acute chikungunya-associated arthralgia in children and adults: A prospective cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua (2014-2018). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011948. [PMID: 38416797 PMCID: PMC10962812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya can result in debilitating arthralgia, often presenting as acute, self-limited pain, but occasionally manifesting chronically. Little is known about differences in chikungunya-associated arthralgia comparing children to adults over time. To characterize long-term chikungunya-associated arthralgia, we recruited 770 patients (105 0-4 years old [y/o], 200 5-9 y/o, 307 10-15 y/o, and 158 16+ y/o) with symptomatic chikungunya virus infections in Managua, Nicaragua, during two consecutive chikungunya epidemics (2014-2015). Participants were assessed at ~15 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-fever onset. Following clinical guidelines, we defined participants by their last reported instance of arthralgia as acute (≤10 days post-fever onset), interim (>10 and <90 days), or chronic (≥90 days) cases. We observed a high prevalence of arthralgia (80-95%) across all ages over the study period. Overall, the odds of acute arthralgia increased in an age-dependent manner, with the lowest odds of arthralgia in the 0-4 y/o group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.51) and the highest odds of arthralgia in the 16+ y/o participants (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.42-30.95) relative to 10-15 y/o participants. Females had higher odds of acute arthralgia than males (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.65) across all ages. We found that 23-36% of pediatric and 53% of adult participants reported an instance of post-acute arthralgia. Children exhibited the highest prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia in their legs, followed by the hands and torso - a pattern not seen among adult participants. Further, we observed pediatric chikungunya presenting in two distinct phases: the acute phase and the subsequent interim/chronic phases. Thus, differences in the presentation of arthralgia were observed across age, sex, and disease phase in this longitudinal chikungunya cohort. Our results elucidate the long-term burden of chikungunya-associated arthralgia among pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Warnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Nguyen TV, Ngwe Tun MM, Cao MT, Dao HM, Luong CQ, Huynh TKL, Nguyen TTT, Hoang TND, Morita K, Le TQM, Pham QD, Takamatsu Y, Hasebe F. Serological and Molecular Epidemiology of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Vietnam, 2017-2019. Viruses 2023; 15:2065. [PMID: 37896842 PMCID: PMC10611313 DOI: 10.3390/v15102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Since 1965, only a few studies with limited scope have been conducted on CHIKV in Vietnam. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of CHIKV infection among febrile patients in Vietnam from 2017 to 2019. A total of 1063 serum samples from 31 provinces were collected and tested for anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG ELISA. The 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) was used to confirm CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to confirm the presence of the CHIKV genome. The results showed that 15.9% (169/1063) of the patients had anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies, 20.1% (214/1063) had anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies, 10.4% (111/1063) had CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies, and 27.7% (130/469) of the samples were positive in RT-qPCR analysis. The E1 CHIKV genome sequences were detected among the positive RT-qPCR samples. Our identified sequences belonged to the East/Central/South/African (ECSA) genotype, which has been prevalent in Vietnam previously, suggesting CHIKV has been maintained and is endemic in Vietnam. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of CHIKV infection in Vietnam and calls for an annual surveillance program to understand its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Vu Nguyen
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan
| | - Minh Thang Cao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Huy Manh Dao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Chan Quang Luong
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Kim Loan Huynh
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Thanh Thuong Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Nhu Dao Hoang
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Thi Quynh Mai Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Duy Pham
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Futoshi Hasebe
- Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Ravindran S, Lahon A. Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview. Cytokine 2023; 170:156327. [PMID: 37579710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells for further dissemination to other areas of the host body that lead to a range of immune responses via different pathways. The immune responses generated by both viruses have similar characteristics with varying degrees of inflammation and activation of immune cells. However, the overall response of immune cells is not fully explored in the context of ZIKV and CHIKV infection. The knowledge of cellular tropism and the immune response is the key to understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity and pathogenesis, which may allow to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these viral infections. This review aims to discuss recent advancements and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanism of cellular tropism and immune response of CHIKV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravindran
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India.
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Srivastava P, Chaudhary S, Malhotra S, Varma B, Sunil S. Transcriptome analysis of human macrophages upon chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection reveals regulation of distinct signaling and metabolic pathways during the early and late stages of infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17158. [PMID: 37408916 PMCID: PMC10318463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are efficient reservoirs for viruses that enable the viruses to survive over a longer period of infection. Alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are known to persist in macrophages even after the acute febrile phase. The viral particles replicate in macrophages at a very low level over extended period of time and are localized in tissues that are often less accessible by treatment. Comprehensive experimental studies are thus needed to characterize the CHIKV-induced modulation of host genes in these myeloid lineage cells and in one such pursuit, we obtained global transcriptomes of a human macrophage cell line infected with CHIKV, over its early and late timepoints of infection. We analyzed the pathways, especially immune related, perturbed over these timepoints and observed several host factors to be differentially expressed in infected macrophages in a time-dependent manner. We postulate that these pathways may play crucial roles in the persistence of CHIKV in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Srivastava
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chaudhary
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector-Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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Warnes CM, Carrillo FAB, Zambrana JV, Mercado BL, Arguello S, Ampié O, Collado D, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Longitudinal Analysis of the Burden of Post-Acute Chikungunya-Associated Arthralgia in Children and Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Managua, Nicaragua (2014-2019). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.09.23289726. [PMID: 37214808 PMCID: PMC10197786 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.23289726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya can result in debilitating arthralgia, often presenting as acute, self-limited pain, but occasionally manifesting chronically. Little is known about differences in chikungunya-associated arthralgia comparing children to adults over time. To characterize long-term chikungunya-associated arthralgia, we recruited 770 patients (105 0-4 year olds [y/o], 200 5-9 y/o, 307 10-15 y/o, and 158 16+ y/o) with symptomatic chikungunya virus infections in Managua, Nicaragua, during two chikungunya epidemics (2014-2015). Participants were assessed at ~15 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-fever onset. Following clinical guidelines, we defined participants by their last reported instance of arthralgia as acute (≤10 days post-fever onset), interim (>10 and <90 days), or chronic (≥90 days) cases. We observed a high prevalence of arthralgia (80-95%) across all ages over the study period. Overall, the odds of acute arthralgia increased in an age-dependent manner, with the lowest odds of arthralgia in the 0-4 y/o group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.51) and the highest odds of arthralgia in the 16+ y/o participants (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.42-30.95) relative to 10-15 y/o participants. Females had a higher odds of acute arthralgia than males (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.65) across all ages. We found that 23-36% of pediatric and 53% of adult participants reported an instance of post-acute arthralgia. Children exhibited the highest prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia in their legs, followed by the hands and torso - a pattern not seen among adult participants. Further, we observed pediatric chikungunya presenting in two distinct phases: the acute phase and the associated interim and chronic phases. Differences in the presentation of arthralgia were observed across age, sex, and disease phase in this longitudinal chikungunya cohort. Our results elucidate the long-term burden of chikungunya-associated arthralgia among pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Warnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Simon F, Caumes E, Jelinek T, Lopez-Velez R, Steffen R, Chen LH. Chikungunya: risks for travellers. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad008. [PMID: 36648431 PMCID: PMC10075059 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE FOR REVIEW Chikungunya outbreaks continue to occur, with changing epidemiology. Awareness about chikungunya is low both among the at-risk travellers and healthcare professionals, which can result in underdiagnosis and underreporting. This review aims to improve awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the risks of chikungunya for travellers. KEY FINDINGS Chikungunya virus transmission to humans occurs mainly via daytime-active mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The areas where these mosquitoes live is continuously expanding, partly due to climate changes. Chikungunya is characterized by an acute onset of fever with joint pain. These symptoms generally resolve within 1-3 weeks, but at least one-third of the patients suffer from debilitating rheumatologic symptoms for months to years. Large outbreaks in changing regions of the world since the turn of the 21st century (e.g. Caribbean, La Réunion; currently Brazil, India) have resulted in growing numbers of travellers importing chikungunya, mainly to Europe and North America. Viremic travellers with chikungunya infection have seeded chikungunya clusters (France, United States of America) and outbreaks (Italy in 2007 and 2017) in non-endemic countries where Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are present. Community preventive measures are important to prevent disease transmission by mosquitoes. Individual preventive options are limited to personal protection measures against mosquito bites, particularly the daytime-active mosquitos that transmit the chikungunya virus. Candidate vaccines are on the horizon and regulatory authorities will need to assess environmental and host risk factors for persistent sequelae, such as obesity, age (over 40 years) and history of arthritis or inflammatory rheumatologic disease to determine which populations should be targeted for these chikungunya vaccines. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS Travellers planning to visit destinations with active CHIKV circulation should be advised about the risk for chikungunya, prevention strategies, the disease manifestations, possible chronic rheumatologic sequelae and, if symptomatic, seek medical evaluation and report potential exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Simon
- Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Caumes
- Centre de Diagnostic, Hôpital de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Berlin Centre for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rogelio Lopez-Velez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRyCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Steffen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, WHO Collaborating Center on Travelers’ Health, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin H Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Hasan A, Devi Ms S, Sharma G, Narayanan V, Sathiyarajeswaran P, Vinayak S, Sunil S. Vathasura Kudineer, an Andrographis based polyherbal formulation exhibits immunomodulation and inhibits chikungunya virus (CHIKV) under invitro conditions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115762. [PMID: 36181982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chikungunya disease (CHIKD) is caused by the alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is characterized by acute fever and joint inflammation; the inflammation continues even after clearance of the virus from the system, persisting for several months to years. Currently, there are no modern medicines/vaccines available for its treatment and use of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory generic medicines to relieve symptoms is generally practiced. In India, Indian traditional medicines hold a lot of promise to treat this infection and are routinely used during outbreaks. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we characterized the phytochemical and physicochemical properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the Vathasura Kudineer (VSK), a Andrographis based Siddha polyherbal formulation. Additionally, we evaluated its immunomodulatory and antiviral potential using an in vitro system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of VSK were prepared and their physico and phytochemical properties were obtained by biochemical and biophysical assays, HPTLC and FTIR. The aqueous extracts of VSK and several of its ingredients were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in Vero cells and using the maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), were processed further for evaluating their ability to inhibit CHIKV infection in Vero cells. We performed the co-treatment assay with ethanol extract of VSK and several of its ingredients to assess the antiviral activity against chikungunya virus on Vero cells and through pre-treatment assay (anti-adhesive effect), co-incubation assay (virucidal effect) and post-treatment assay (post-entry effect) were evaluated. Further, we tested the aqueous extract of VSK along with some of its ingredients for their immunomodulatory properties. We performed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays using LPS-simulated RAW 264.7 cells. For antioxidant capacity of extracts, we performed extra-cellular ABTS radical scavenging activity and intra-cellular effects on ROS generation and SOD activity. We assessed the effect on most important inflammatory mediators like Nitric oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). RESULTS We provided the fingerprint of the phytochemicals of both ethanol and aqueous extracts of VSK that can be used for identification. We observed that ethanol extract was able to inhibit CHIKV infection at MNTC with 48 h of treatment on Vero cells. Its ingredient VSKI-As (Anethum sowa) found to be most effective to show virucidal effect while VSKI-Cs (Clerodendrum serratum) and VSKI-Pn (Pipper nigrum) found to be effective in post-entry effect. VSK was able to show ABTS radical scavenging activity, reduce ROS generation, inhibit the inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS We provided the evidence that VSK has both immunomodulatory as well as antiviral potential. It shows virucidal as well as post-entry effects on chikungunya virus. VSK can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα production by suppressing the inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hasan
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shree Devi Ms
- Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vimal Narayanan
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S Vinayak
- Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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11
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Sengupta S, Bhattacharya N, Tripathi A. Increased CRP, anti-CCP antibody, IL-2R, COMP levels in prognosis of post-chikungunya chronic arthritis and protective role of their specific genotypes against arthritic manifestation. Virus Res 2023; 323:198998. [PMID: 36356677 PMCID: PMC10194367 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya infection leads to acute/chronic polyarthritis/polyarthralgia causing long-term morbidity among patients. Prognosis of post-chikungunya chronic arthritis (PCA) is of utmost necessity for proper disease management. Arthritic and hepatic biomarkers were evaluated among chikungunya patients without arthritis, with acute arthritis and with post-chikungunya chronic arthritis in the study. Serum levels of arthritic [CRP (C-reactive protein), anti cyclic-citrullinated-peptide (anti-CCP) antibody, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)] and hepatic [ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), albumin and bilirubin] biomarkers of 167 chikungunya positive patients were determined by sandwich-ELISA/immunoturbidimetry/auto-analyser. 167 chikungunya-patients and 102 healthy controls were genotyped to understand role of CRP-rs3093059/rs3091244, IL-2R-rs743777 and COMP-rs144778694 polymorphisms towards chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infectivity and arthralgic manifestation. CRP, anti-CCP antibody, IL-2R and COMP levels significantly increased among PCA patients. Concentrations of AST, ALT, AST/ALT-ratio, bilirubin and ALP increased among arthritic chikungunya patients. Principal component analysis differentiated PCA groups from acute (AA) and non-arthritic groups. Patients with IL-2R-rs743777-GA, G-allele and COMP-rs144778694-GA genotypes were susceptible to chikungunya infection. Moreover, patients with CRP-rs3093059-CT, rs3091244-TT, IL-2R-rs743777-GA and COMP-rs144778694-AA genotypes were significantly protected from arthralgia, whereas, COMP-rs144778694-GA genotype was susceptible towards it. Patients with certain genotypes of CRP, IL-2R and COMP demonstrated significantly higher biomarker serum-levels among patients suffering from AA with/without PCA. Thus, both serum biomarker levels and polymorphic genotypes of infected patients play decisive role in development of PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C. R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Nemai Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Virus unit, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C. R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C. R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India.
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12
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de Araújo S, de Melo Costa VR, Santos FM, de Sousa CDF, Moreira TP, Gonçalves MR, Félix FB, Queiroz-Junior CM, Campolina-Silva GH, Nogueira ML, Sugimoto MA, Bonilha CS, Perretti M, Souza DG, Costa VV, Teixeira MM. Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX Signaling Axis Regulates Acute Inflammation during Chikungunya Virus Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172717. [PMID: 36078125 PMCID: PMC9454528 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes a self-limiting disease usually accompanied by joint pain and/or polyarthralgia with disabling characteristics. Immune responses developed during the acute phase of CHIKV infection determine the rate of disease progression and resolution. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is involved in both initiating inflammation and preventing over-response, being essential for a balanced end of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway during CHIKV infection. Genetic deletion of AnxA1 or its receptor enhanced inflammatory responses driven by CHIKV. These knockout mice showed increased neutrophil accumulation and augmented tissue damage at the site of infection compared with control mice. Conversely, treatment of wild-type animals with the AnxA1 mimetic peptide (Ac2–26) reduced neutrophil accumulation, decreased local concentration of inflammatory mediators and diminished mechanical hypernociception and paw edema induced by CHIKV-infection. Alterations in viral load were mild both in genetic deletion or with treatment. Combined, our data suggest that the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to control CHIKV-induced acute inflammation and polyarthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Victor R. de Melo Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciele M. Santos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carla D. Ferreira de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiane P. Moreira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. Gonçalves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciel B. Félix
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H. Campolina-Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, CHU de Quebec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Dermatological, Infections, and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle A. Sugimoto
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Caio S. Bonilha
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Danielle G. Souza
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
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13
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Lasswitz L, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Moeller R, Hülskötter K, Laurent T, Carlson LA, Goffinet C, Simmons G, Baumgärtner W, Gerold G. The Tetraspanin CD81 Is a Host Factor for Chikungunya Virus Replication. mBio 2022; 13:e0073122. [PMID: 35612284 PMCID: PMC9239085 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00731-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic reemerging virus replicating in plasma membrane-derived compartments termed "spherules." Here, we identify the human transmembrane protein CD81 as host factor required for CHIKV replication. Ablation of CD81 results in decreased CHIKV permissiveness, while overexpression enhances infection. CD81 is dispensable for virus uptake but critically required for viral genome replication. Likewise, murine CD81 is crucial for CHIKV permissiveness and is expressed in target cells such as dermal fibroblasts, muscle and liver cells. Whereas related alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SINV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), also depend on CD81 for infection, RNA viruses from other families, such as coronaviruses, replicate independently of CD81. Strikingly, the replication-enhancing function of CD81 is linked to cholesterol binding. These results define a mechanism exploited by alphaviruses to hijack the membrane microdomain-modeling protein CD81 for virus replication through interaction with cholesterol. IMPORTANCE In this study, we discover the tetraspanin CD81 as a host factor for the globally emerging chikungunya virus and related alphaviruses. We show that CD81 promotes replication of viral genomes in human and mouse cells, while virus entry into cells is independent of CD81. This provides novel insights into how alphaviruses hijack host proteins to complete their life cycle. Alphaviruses replicate at distinct sites of the plasma membrane, which are enriched in cholesterol. We found that the cholesterol-binding ability of CD81 is important for its function as an alphavirus host factor. This discovery thus broadens our understanding of the alphavirus replication process and the use of host factors to reprogram cells into virus replication factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hülskötter
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Timothée Laurent
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Gray M, Guerrero-Arguero I, Solis-Leal A, Robison RA, Berges BK, Pickett BE. Chikungunya virus time course infection of human macrophages reveals intracellular signaling pathways relevant to repurposed therapeutics. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13090. [PMID: 35341048 PMCID: PMC8944338 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen, within the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family, that causes ~1.1 million human infections annually. CHIKV uses Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as insect vectors. Human infections can develop arthralgia and myalgia, which results in debilitating pain for weeks, months, and even years after acute infection. No therapeutic treatments or vaccines currently exist for many alphaviruses, including CHIKV. Targeting the phagocytosis of CHIKV by macrophages after mosquito transmission plays an important role in early productive viral infection in humans, and could reduce viral replication and/or symptoms. Methods To better characterize the transcriptional response of macrophages during early infection, we generated RNA-sequencing data from a CHIKV-infected human macrophage cell line at eight or 24 hours post-infection (hpi), together with mock-infected controls. We then calculated differential gene expression, enriched functional annotations, modulated intracellular signaling pathways, and predicted therapeutic drugs from these sequencing data. Results We observed 234 pathways were significantly affected 24 hpi, resulting in six potential pharmaceutical treatments to modulate the affected pathways. A subset of significant pathways at 24 hpi includes AGE-RAGE, Fc epsilon RI, Chronic myeloid leukemia, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and Ras signaling. We found that the MAPK1 and MAPK3 proteins are shared among this subset of pathways and that Telmisartan and Dasatinib are strong candidates for repurposed small molecule therapeutics that target human processes. The results of our analysis can be further characterized in the wet lab to contribute to the development of host-based prophylactics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Gray
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Israel Guerrero-Arguero
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Population Health and Host-pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonio Solis-Leal
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Population Health and Host-pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Robison
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bradford K. Berges
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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15
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de Sousa Palmeira PH, Gois BM, Guerra-Gomes IC, Peixoto RF, de Sousa Dias CN, Araújo JMG, Amaral IP, Keesen TSL. Downregulation of CD73 on CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chikungunya infection. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:306-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Chikungunya and arthritis: An overview. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102168. [PMID: 34563686 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya is caused by CHIKV (chikungunya virus), an emerging and re-emerging arthropod-vectored viral infection that causes a febrile disease with primarily long term sequelae of arthralgia and myalgia and is fatal in a small fraction of infected patients. Sporadic outbreaks have been reported from different parts of the world chiefly Africa, Asia, the Indian and Pacific ocean regions, Europe and lately even in the Americas. Currently, treatment is primarily symptomatic as no vaccine, antibody-mediated immunotherapy or antivirals are available. Chikungunya belongs to a family of arthritogenic alphaviruses which have many pathophysiological similarities. Chikungunya arthritis has similarities and differences with rheumatoid arthritis. Although research into arthritis caused by these alphaviruses have been ongoing for decades and significant progress has been made, the mechanisms underlying viral infection and arthritis are not well understood. In this review, we give a background to chikungunya and the causative virus, outline the history of alphavirus arthritis research and then give an overview of findings on arthritis caused by CHIKV. We also discuss treatment options and the research done so far on various therapeutic intervention strategies.
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17
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Suchowiecki K, Reid SP, Simon GL, Firestein GS, Chang A. Persistent Joint Pain Following Arthropod Virus Infections. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:26. [PMID: 33847834 PMCID: PMC8042844 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Persistent joint pain is a common manifestation of arthropod-borne viral infections and can cause long-term disability. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of arthritogenic alphavirus infection. RECENT FINDINGS The global re-emergence of alphaviral outbreaks has led to an increase in virus-induced arthralgia and arthritis. Alphaviruses, including Chikungunya, O'nyong'nyong, Sindbis, Barmah Forest, Ross River, and Mayaro viruses, are associated with acute and/or chronic rheumatic symptoms. Identification of Mxra8 as a viral entry receptor in the alphaviral replication pathway creates opportunities for treatment and prevention. Recent evidence suggesting virus does not persist in synovial fluid during chronic chikungunya infection indicates that immunomodulators may be given safely. The etiology of persistent joint pain after alphavirus infection is still poorly understood. New diagnostic tools along and evidence-based treatment could significantly improve morbidity and long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Suchowiecki
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
| | - St. Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900 USA
| | - Gary L. Simon
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- UC San Diego Health Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive #0602, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Aileen Chang
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave Suite 5-416, Washington, DC 20037 USA
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18
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Campos RK, Preciado-Llanes L, Azar SR, Kim YC, Brandon O, López-Camacho C, Reyes-Sandoval A, Rossi SL. Adenoviral-Vectored Mayaro and Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidates Afford Partial Cross-Protection From Lethal Challenge in A129 Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591885. [PMID: 33224148 PMCID: PMC7672187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro (MAYV) and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) are vector-borne arthritogenic alphaviruses that cause acute febrile illnesses. CHIKV is widespread and has recently caused large urban outbreaks, whereas the distribution of MAYV is restricted to tropical areas in South America with small and sporadic outbreaks. Because MAYV and CHIKV are closely related and have high amino acid similarity, we investigated whether vaccination against one could provide cross-protection against the other. We vaccinated A129 mice (IFNAR -/-) with vaccines based on chimpanzee adenoviral vectors encoding the structural proteins of either MAYV or CHIKV. ChAdOx1 May is a novel vaccine against MAYV, whereas ChAdOx1 Chik is a vaccine against CHIKV already undergoing early phase I clinical trials. We demonstrate that ChAdOx1 May was able to afford full protection against MAYV challenge in mice, with most samples yielding neutralizing PRNT80 antibody titers of 1:258. ChAdOx1 May also provided partial cross-protection against CHIKV, with protection being assessed using the following parameters: survival, weight loss, foot swelling and viremia. Reciprocally, ChAdOx1 Chik vaccination reduced MAYV viral load, as well as morbidity and lethality caused by this virus, but did not protect against foot swelling. The cross-protection observed is likely to be, at least in part, secondary to cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by both vaccines. In summary, our findings suggest that ChAdOx1 Chik and ChAdOx1 May vaccines are not only efficacious against CHIKV and MAYV, respectively, but also afford partial heterologous cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kroon Campos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R. Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Brandon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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