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Meng Q, Hao Y, Yang M, Du Y, Wang S. Development and validation of ELISA method for quantification of Q-1802 in serum and its application to pharmacokinetic study in ICR Mouse. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116138. [PMID: 38636191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Q-1802 is a humanized bispecific antibody targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2). It can bind to CLDN18.2 and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The Fc segment of the antibody recognizing PD-L1 blocks PD-1 signaling and activates innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this study, we report the development, validation, and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure the concentrations of Q-1802 in ICR mouse serum. The assay is sensitive, with a lower limit of quantification of 50 ng/mL, has a broad dynamic range of 50-3200 ng/mL, and exhibits excellent precision and accuracy. These assays were successfully applied to in vitro serum stability and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a highly sensitive and selective method for measuring Q-1802 in ICR mouse serum. The development and validation steps of assays met the required criteria for validation, which suggested that these can be applied to quantify Q-1802, as well as in PK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Meng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yimeng Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Medicilon Preclinical Research (Shanghai) LLC, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejie Du
- Qure Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Wei Z, Li B, Wen X, Jakobsson V, Liu P, Chen X, Zhang J. Engineered Antibodies as Cancer Radiotheranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402361. [PMID: 38874523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics is a rapidly growing approach in personalized medicine, merging diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy to allow for the precise detection and treatment of diseases, notably cancer. Radiolabeled antibodies have become indispensable tools in the field of cancer theranostics due to their high specificity and affinity for cancer-associated antigens, which allows for accurate targeting with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissues, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects, immune-modulating ability, and versatility and flexibility in engineering and conjugation. However, there are inherent limitations in using antibodies as a platform for radiopharmaceuticals due to their natural activities within the immune system, large size preventing effective tumor penetration, and relatively long half-life with concerns for prolonged radioactivity exposure. Antibody engineering can solve these challenges while preserving the many advantages of the immunoglobulin framework. In this review, the goal is to give a general overview of antibody engineering and design for tumor radiotheranostics. Particularly, the four ways that antibody engineering is applied to enhance radioimmunoconjugates: pharmacokinetics optimization, site-specific bioconjugation, modulation of Fc interactions, and bispecific construct creation are discussed. The radionuclide choices for designed antibody radionuclide conjugates and conjugation techniques and future directions for antibody radionuclide conjugate innovation and advancement are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Wei
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Vivianne Jakobsson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Peifei Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Departments of Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
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3
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Abendstein L, Noteborn WEM, Veenman LS, Dijkstra DJ, van de Bovenkamp FS, Trouw LA, Sharp TH. DNA Nanostructure-Templated Antibody Complexes Provide Insights into the Geometric Requirements of Human Complement Cascade Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13455-13466. [PMID: 38703132 PMCID: PMC11099972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The classical complement pathway is activated by antigen-bound IgG antibodies. Monomeric IgG must oligomerize to activate complement via the hexameric C1q complex, and hexamerizing mutants of IgG appear as promising therapeutic candidates. However, structural data have shown that it is not necessary to bind all six C1q arms to initiate complement, revealing a symmetry mismatch between C1 and the hexameric IgG complex that has not been adequately explained. Here, we use DNA nanotechnology to produce specific nanostructures to template antigens and thereby spatially control IgG valency. These DNA-nanotemplated IgG complexes can activate complement on cell-mimetic lipid membranes, which enabled us to determine the effect of IgG valency on complement activation without the requirement to mutate antibodies. We investigated this using biophysical assays together with 3D cryo-electron tomography. Our data revealed the importance of interantigen distance on antibody-mediated complement activation, and that the cleavage of complement component C4 by the C1 complex is proportional to the number of ideally spaced antigens. Increased IgG valency also translated to better terminal pathway activation and membrane attack complex formation. Together, these data provide insights into how nanopatterning antigen-antibody complexes influence the activation of the C1 complex and suggest routes to modulate complement activation by antibody engineering. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first time DNA nanotechnology has been used to study the activation of the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E M Noteborn
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Luc S Veenman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Dijkstra
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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4
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Jarius S, Ringelstein M, Schanda K, Ruprecht K, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Viehöver A, Hümmert MW, Schindler P, Endmayr V, Gastaldi M, Trebst C, Franciotta D, Aktas O, Höftberger R, Haas J, Komorowski L, Paul F, Reindl M, Wildemann B. Improving the sensitivity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody testing: exclusive or predominant MOG-IgG3 seropositivity-a potential diagnostic pitfall in patients with MOG-EM/MOGAD. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12285-5. [PMID: 38609667 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also termed MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD) is the most important differential diagnosis of both multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. A recent proposal for new diagnostic criteria for MOG-EM/MOGAD explicitly recommends the use of immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1)- or IgG crystallizable fragment (Fc) region-specific assays and allows the use of heavy-and-light-chain-(H+L) specific assays for detecting MOG-IgG. By contrast, the utility of MOG-IgG3-specific testing has not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of MOG-IgG3-specific testing can improve the sensitivity of MOG-IgG testing. METHODS Re-testing of 22 patients with a definite diagnosis of MOG-EM/MOGAD and clearly positive MOG-IgG status initially but negative or equivocal results in H+L- or Fc-specific routine assays later in the disease course (i.e. patients with spontaneous or treatment-driven seroreversion). RESULTS In accordance with previous studies that had used MOG-IgG1-specific assays, IgG subclass-specific testing yielded a higher sensitivity than testing by non-subclass-specific assays. Using subclass-specific secondary antibodies, 26/27 supposedly seroreverted samples were still clearly positive for MOG-IgG, with MOG-IgG1 being the most frequently detected subclass (25/27 [93%] samples). However, also MOG-IgG3 was detected in 14/27 (52%) samples (from 12/22 [55%] patients). Most strikingly, MOG-IgG3 was the predominant subclass in 8/27 (30%) samples (from 7/22 [32%] patients), with no unequivocal MOG-IgG1 signal in 2 and only a very weak concomitant MOG-IgG1 signal in the other six samples. By contrast, no significant MOG-IgG3 reactivity was seen in 60 control samples (from 42 healthy individuals and 18 patients with MS). Of note, MOG-IgG3 was also detected in the only patient in our cohort previously diagnosed with MOG-IgA+/IgG- MOG-EM/MOGAD, a recently described new disease subvariant. MOG-IgA and MOG-IgM were negative in all other patients tested. CONCLUSIONS In some patients with MOG-EM/MOGAD, MOG-IgG is either exclusively or predominantly MOG-IgG3. Thus, the use of IgG1-specific assays might only partly overcome the current limitations of MOG-IgG testing and-just like H+L- and Fcγ-specific testing-might overlook some genuinely seropositive patients. This would have potentially significant consequences for the management of patients with MOG-EM/MOGAD. Given that IgG3 chiefly detects proteins and is a strong activator of complement and other effector mechanisms, MOG-IgG3 may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of MOG-EM/MOGAD. Studies on the frequency and dynamics as well as the clinical and therapeutic significance of MOG-IgG3 seropositivity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M Ringelstein
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Korporal-Kuhnke
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Viehöver
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M W Hümmert
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - P Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Gastaldi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Trebst
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - D Franciotta
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - O Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Haas
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Komorowski
- Institute of Experimental Neuroimmunology, affiliated to Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - F Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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6
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Cui HW, Wang Y, Ma Z, Xiang Y, Xin HY, Liang JQ, Xin HW. Perspective view of allogeneic IgG tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:100. [PMID: 38461238 PMCID: PMC10924995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic tumors are eradicated by host immunity; however, it is unknown how it is initiated until the report in Nature by Yaron Carmi et al. in 2015. Currently, we know that allogeneic tumors are eradicated by allogeneic IgG via dendritic cells. AlloIgG combined with the dendritic cell stimuli tumor necrosis factor alpha and CD40L induced tumor eradication via the reported and our proposed potential signaling pathways. AlloIgG triggers systematic immune responses targeting multiple antigens, which is proposed to overcome current immunotherapy limitations. The promising perspectives of alloIgG immunotherapy would have advanced from mouse models to clinical trials; however, there are only 6 published articles thus far. Therefore, we hope this perspective view will provide an initiative to promote future discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cui
- Center for Breast Cancer, Peking University Cancer Hospital at Inner Mongolia Campus and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - YingYing Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - ZhaoWu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yi Xin
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong, 524400, China.
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400, China.
| | - Jun-Qing Liang
- Center for Breast Cancer, Peking University Cancer Hospital at Inner Mongolia Campus and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Diseases Research of Inner Mongolia, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China.
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7
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Bryushkova EA, Mushenkova NV, Turchaninova MA, Lukyanov DK, Chudakov DM, Serebrovskaya EO. B cell clonality in cancer. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101874. [PMID: 38508089 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis in the process of long-term co-evolution of tumor cells and immune environment essentially becomes possible due to incorrect decisions made, remembered, and reproduced by the immune system at the level of clonal populations of antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes. Tumor-immunity interaction determines the nature of such errors and, consequently, delineates the possible ways of successful immunotherapeutic intervention. It is generally recognized that tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) can play both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles. However, the exact mechanisms that determine the contribution of clonal B cell lineages with different specificities and functions remain largely unclear. This is due to the variability of cancer types, the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells, and, to a large extent, the individual pattern of each immune response. Further progress requires detailed investigation of the functional properties and phenotypes of clonally heterogeneous B cells in relation to their antigenic specificities, which determine the functionality of both effector B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins produced in the tumor environment. Based on a real understanding of the role of clonal antigen-specific populations of B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, we need to learn how to develop new methods of targeted immunotherapy, as well as adapt existing treatment options to the specific needs of different patients and patient subgroups. In this review, we will cover B cells functional diversity and their multifaceted roles in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bryushkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Mushenkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Unicorn Capital Partners, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Turchaninova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - D K Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Chudakov
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - E O Serebrovskaya
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Current position: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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8
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Board NL, Yuan Z, Wu F, Moskovljevic M, Ravi M, Sengupta S, Mun SS, Simonetti FR, Lai J, Tebas P, Lynn K, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Siliciano JD, Montaner LJ, Siliciano RF. Bispecific antibodies promote natural killer cell-mediated elimination of HIV-1 reservoir cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:462-470. [PMID: 38278966 PMCID: PMC10907297 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of CD4+ T cells carrying latent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) proviruses is the main barrier to a cure. New therapeutics to enhance HIV-1-specific immune responses and clear infected cells will probably be necessary to achieve reduction of the latent reservoir. In the present study, we report two single-chain diabodies (scDbs) that target the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) and the human type III Fcγ receptor (CD16). We show that the scDbs promoted robust and HIV-1-specific natural killer (NK) cell activation and NK cell-mediated lysis of infected cells. Cocultures of CD4+ T cells from people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with autologous NK cells and the scDbs resulted in marked elimination of reservoir cells that was dependent on latency reversal. Treatment of human interleukin-15 transgenic NSG mice with one of the scDbs after ART initiation enhanced NK cell activity and reduced reservoir size. Thus, HIV-1-specific scDbs merit further evaluation as potential therapeutics for clearance of the latent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghana Ravi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srona Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco R Simonetti
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lai
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Presbyterian Hospital-University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Lynn
- Presbyterian Hospital-University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Pastrana B, Culyba E, Nieves S, Sazinsky SL, Canto EI, Noda I. Streamlined Multi-Attribute Assessment of an Array of Clinical-Stage Antibodies: Relationship Between Degradation and Stability. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241231824. [PMID: 38419510 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241231824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Clinical antibodies are an important class of drugs for the treatment of both chronic and acute diseases. Their manufacturability is subject to evaluation to ensure product quality and efficacy. One critical quality attribute is deamidation, a non-enzymatic process that is observed to occur during thermal stress, at low or high pH, or a combination thereof. Deamidation may induce antibody instability and lead to aggregation, which may pose immunogenicity concerns. The introduction of a negative charge via deamidation may impact the desired therapeutic function (i) within the complementarity-determining region, potentially causing loss of efficacy; or (ii) within the fragment crystallizable region, limiting the effector function involving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Here we describe a transformative solution that allows for a comparative assessment of deamidation and its impact on stability and aggregation. The innovative streamlined method evaluates the intact protein in its formulation conditions. This breakthrough platform technology is comprised of a quantum cascade laser microscope, a slide cell array that allows for flexibility in the design of experiments, and dedicated software. The enhanced spectral resolution is achieved using two-dimensional correlation, co-distribution, and two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopies that reveal the molecular impact of deamidation. Eight re-engineered immunoglobulin G4 scaffold clinical antibodies under control and forced degradation conditions were evaluated for deamidation and aggregation. We determined the site of deamidation, the overall extent of deamidation, and where applicable, whether the deamidation event led to self-association or aggregation of the clinical antibody and the molecular events that led to the instability. The results were confirmed using orthogonal techniques for four of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Pastrana
- Research and Development, Protein Dynamic Solutions, Inc., Wakefield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Culyba
- Research and Development, Protein Dynamic Solutions, Inc., Wakefield, Massachusetts, USA
- Antibody Discovery, Verseau Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sherly Nieves
- Research and Development, Protein Dynamic Solutions, Inc., Wakefield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen L Sazinsky
- Antibody Discovery, Verseau Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eduardo I Canto
- Translational Sciences, Auxilio BioLab, Auxilio Mutuo Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Isao Noda
- Infectious Disease Research, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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10
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Wang J, Wu J, Ma Y, Hao L, Huang W, Liu Z, Li Y. Characterization of a membrane Fcγ receptor in largemouth bass (Micropterus saloumoides) and its response to bacterial challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01325-6. [PMID: 38407736 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs), specific to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig), are required to regulate immune responses against pathogenic infections. However, FcγR is a member of FcRs family, whose structure and function remains to be elucidated in teleost fish. In this study, the FcγRII, from largemouth bass (Micropterus saloumoides), named membrane MsFcγRII (mMsFcγRII), was cloned and identified. The opening reading frame (ORF) of mMsFcγRII was 750 bp, encoding 249 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 27 kDa. The mMsFcγRII contained a signal peptide, two Ig domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular region, which was highly homology with FcγR from other teleost fish. The mRNA expression analysis showed that mMsFcγRII was widely distributed in all tested tissues and with the highest expression level in spleen. After bacterial challenge, the expression of mMsFcγRII was significantly upregulated in vivo (spleen and head kidney), as well as in vitro (leukocytes from head kidney). The subcellular localization assay revealed that mMsFcγRII was mostly observed on the membrane of HEK293T cells which were transfected with mMsFcγRII overexpression plasmid. Flow cytometric analysis showed that natural mMsFcγRII protein was highly expressed in head kidney lymphocytes. Moreover, indirect immunofluorescence assay and pull-down assay indicated that mMsFcγRII could bind to IgM purified from largemouth bass serum. These results suggested that mMsFcγRII was likely to play an influential role in the immune response against pathogens and provided valuable insights for studying the function of FcRs in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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11
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Schriek AI, Aldon YLT, van Gils MJ, de Taeye SW. Next-generation bNAbs for HIV-1 cure strategies. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105788. [PMID: 38158130 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the ability to suppress viral replication using anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 remains a global public health problem. Curative strategies for HIV-1 have to target and eradicate latently infected cells across the body, i.e. the viral reservoir. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have the capacity to neutralize virions and bind to infected cells to initiate elimination of these cells. To improve the efficacy of bNAbs in terms of viral suppression and viral reservoir eradication, next generation antibodies (Abs) are being developed that address the current limitations of Ab treatment efficacy; (1) low antigen (Env) density on (reactivated) HIV-1 infected cells, (2) high viral genetic diversity, (3) exhaustion of immune cells and (4) short half-life of Abs. In this review we summarize and discuss preclinical and clinical studies in which anti-HIV-1 Abs demonstrated potent viral control, and describe the development of engineered Abs that could address the limitations described above. Next generation Abs with optimized effector function, avidity, effector cell recruitment and immune cell activation have the potential to contribute to an HIV-1 cure or durable control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Schriek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Y L T Aldon
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S W de Taeye
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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12
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Limone F, Couto A, Wang JY, Zhang Y, McCourt B, Huang C, Minkin A, Jani M, McNeer S, Keaney J, Gillet G, Gonzalez RL, Goodman WA, Kadiu I, Eggan K, Burberry A. Myeloid and lymphoid expression of C9orf72 regulates IL-17A signaling in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg7895. [PMID: 38295187 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A mutation in C9ORF72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Patients with ALS or FTD often develop autoimmunity and inflammation that precedes or coincides with the onset of neurological symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we knocked out murine C9orf72 in seven hematopoietic progenitor compartments by conditional mutagenesis and found that myeloid lineage C9orf72 prevents splenomegaly, loss of tolerance, and premature mortality. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C9orf72 plays a role in lymphoid cells to prevent interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production and neutrophilia. Mass cytometry identified early and sustained elevation of the costimulatory molecule CD80 expressed on C9orf72-deficient mouse macrophages, monocytes, and microglia. Enrichment of CD80 was similarly observed in human spinal cord microglia from patients with C9ORF72-mediated ALS compared with non-ALS controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine spinal cord, brain cortex, and spleen demonstrated coordinated induction of gene modules related to antigen processing and presentation and antiviral immunity in C9orf72-deficient endothelial cells, microglia, and macrophages. Mechanistically, C9ORF72 repressed the trafficking of CD80 to the cell surface in response to Toll-like receptor agonists, interferon-γ, and IL-17A. Deletion of Il17a in C9orf72-deficient mice prevented CD80 enrichment in the spinal cord, reduced neutrophilia, and reduced gut T helper type 17 cells. Last, systemic delivery of an IL-17A neutralizing antibody augmented motor performance and suppressed neuroinflammation in C9orf72-deficient mice. Altogether, we show that C9orf72 orchestrates myeloid costimulatory potency and provide support for IL-17A as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation associated with ALS or FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Limone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Couto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Blake McCourt
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cerianne Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adina Minkin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marghi Jani
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah McNeer
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James Keaney
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Gillet
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA
| | - Wendy A Goodman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Irena Kadiu
- Neuroinflammation Focus Area, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Sprooten J, Vanmeerbeek I, Datsi A, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Laureano RS, Borràs DM, Calvet A, Malviya V, Kuballa M, Felsberg J, Sabel MC, Rapp M, Knobbe-Thomsen C, Liu P, Zhao L, Kepp O, Boon L, Tejpar S, Borst J, Kroemer G, Schlenner S, De Vleeschouwer S, Sorg RV, Garg AD. Lymph node and tumor-associated PD-L1 + macrophages antagonize dendritic cell vaccines by suppressing CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101377. [PMID: 38232703 PMCID: PMC10829875 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Current immunotherapies provide limited benefits against T cell-depleted tumors, calling for therapeutic innovation. Using multi-omics integration of cancer patient data, we predict a type I interferon (IFN) responseHIGH state of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, with efficacious clinical impact. However, preclinical DC vaccines recapitulating this state by combining immunogenic cancer cell death with induction of type I IFN responses fail to regress mouse tumors lacking T cell infiltrates. Here, in lymph nodes (LNs), instead of activating CD4+/CD8+ T cells, DCs stimulate immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1-positive (PD-L1+) LN-associated macrophages (LAMs). Moreover, DC vaccines also stimulate PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This creates two anatomically distinct niches of PD-L1+ macrophages that suppress CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, a combination of PD-L1 blockade with DC vaccines achieves significant tumor regression by depleting PD-L1+ macrophages, suppressing myeloid inflammation, and de-inhibiting effector/stem-like memory T cells. Importantly, clinical DC vaccines also potentiate T cell-suppressive PD-L1+ TAMs in glioblastoma patients. We propose that a multimodal immunotherapy and vaccination regimen is mandatory to overcome T cell-depleted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S Laureano
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Borràs
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Calvet
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanshika Malviya
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Kuballa
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Knobbe-Thomsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Laboratory for Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Zaidi AK, Bajpai S, Dehgani-Mobaraki P. B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:155-181. [PMID: 38237985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of B cell responses in COVID-19, highlighting the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on B cell immunity. It explores the production and maturation of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells, with a focus on the two distinct phases of the humoral immune response: the extrafollicular (EF) phase and the germinal center (GC) phase. Furthermore, the interplay between B cells, follicular T helper cells, CD4+ T cells, and plasma cells is discussed, emphasizing their collaborative role in mounting an effective humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The concept of immunological memory is explored, highlighting the roles of plasma cells and B memory cells in providing long-term protection. The chapter delves into the antibody response during SARS-CoV-2 infection, categorizing the types of antibodies generated. This includes a detailed analysis of neutralizing antibodies, such as those directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD), as well as non-neutralizing antibodies. The role of mucosal antibodies, cross-reactive antibodies, and auto-reactive antibodies is also discussed. Factors influencing the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are examined, including the duration and strength of the humoral response. Additionally, the chapter highlights the impact of the Omicron variant on humoral immune responses and its implications for vaccine efficacy and antibody-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanchit Bajpai
- Consultant ENT & Head and Neck Surgeon at TSM Medical College and Multispeciality Hospital, Lucknow, India.
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Founder and President, Associazione Naso Sano, Ringgold Institution ID 567754, San Mariano, Italy
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16
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McIntyre S, Warner J, Rush C, Vanderven HA. Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278947. [PMID: 38162666 PMCID: PMC10755875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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17
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Damelang T, de Taeye SW, Rentenaar R, Roya-Kouchaki K, de Boer E, Derksen NIL, van Kessel K, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Rooijakkers SHM, Jongerius I, Mebius MM, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. The Influence of Human IgG Subclass and Allotype on Complement Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1725-1735. [PMID: 37843500 PMCID: PMC10656437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation via the classical pathway is initiated when oligomeric Igs on target surfaces are recognized by C1 of the complement cascade. The strength of this interaction and activation of the complement system are influenced by structural variation of the Ab, including Ab isotype, subclass, and glycosylation profile. Polymorphic variants of IgG have also been described to influence Fc-dependent effector functions. Therefore, we assessed complement binding, deposition, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of 27 known IgG allotypes with anti-trinitrophenyl specificity. Differences between allotypes within subclasses were minor for IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 allotypes, and more substantial for IgG2. Allelic variant IGHG2*06, containing a unique serine at position 378 in the CH3 domain, showed less efficient complement activation and CDC compared with other IgG2 polymorphisms. We also observed variable cell lysis between IgG1 and IgG3, with IgG3 being superior in lysis of human RBCs and Ramos cells, and IgG1 being superior in lysis of Raji and Wien133 cells, demonstrating that a long-standing conundrum in the literature depends on cellular context. Furthermore, we compared IgG1 and IgG3 under different circumstances, showing that Ag density and Ab hinge length, but not complement regulators, define the context dependency of Ab-mediated CDC activity. Our results point toward a variation in the capacity of IgG subclasses to activate complement due to single amino acid changes and hinge length differences of allotypes to activate complement, which might give new insights on susceptibility to infectious, alloimmune, or autoimmune diseases and aid the design of Ab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Rentenaar
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasra Roya-Kouchaki
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Boer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Thaller AL, Jönsson F, Fiquet O, Marie S, Doisne JM, Girelli-Zubani G, Eri T, Fernandes P, Tatirovsky E, Langa-Vives F, Bruhns P, Strick-Marchand H, Di Santo JP. A human immune system (HIS) mouse model that dissociates roles for mouse and human FcR + cells during antibody-mediated immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350454. [PMID: 37621208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mice provide a model to study human immune responses in vivo. Currently available HIS mouse models may harbor mouse Fc Receptor (FcR)-expressing cells that exert potent effector functions following administration of human Ig. Previous studies showed that the ablation of the murine FcR gamma chain (FcR-γ) results in loss of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vivo. We created a new FcR-γ-deficient HIS mouse model to compare host (mouse) versus graft (human) effects underlying antibody-mediated immune responses in vivo. FcR-γ-deficient HIS recipients lack expression and function of mouse activating FcRs and can be stably and robustly reconstituted with human immune cells. By screening blood B-cell depletion by rituximab Ig variants, we found that human FcγRs-mediated IgG1 effects, whereas mouse activating FcγRs were dominant in IgG4 effects. Complement played a role as an IgG1 variant (IgG1 K322A) lacking complement binding activity was largely ineffective. Finally, we provide evidence that FcγRIIIA on human NK cells could mediate complement-independent B-cell depletion by IgG1 K322A. We anticipate that our FcR-γ-deficient HIS model will help clarify mechanisms of action of exogenous administered human antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Louisa Thaller
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1222, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marie
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Girelli-Zubani
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Toshiki Eri
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Priyanka Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Evgeny Tatirovsky
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa-Vives
- Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Engineering Platform, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1222, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Strick-Marchand
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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19
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Konishi T, Ochi T, Maruta M, Tanimoto K, Miyazaki Y, Iwamoto C, Saitou T, Imamura T, Yasukawa M, Takenaka K. Reinforced antimyeloma therapy via dual-lymphoid activation mediated by a panel of antibodies armed with bridging-BiTE. Blood 2023; 142:1789-1805. [PMID: 37738633 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using bispecific antibodies including bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) has the potential to enhance the efficacy of treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. However, myeloma may still recur after treatment because of downregulation of a target antigen and/or myeloma cell heterogeneity. To strengthen immunotherapy for myeloma while overcoming its characteristics, we have newly developed a BiTE-based modality, referred to as bridging-BiTE (B-BiTE). B-BiTE was able to bind to both a human immunoglobulin G-Fc domain and the CD3 molecule. Clinically available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were bound with B-BiTE before administration, and the mAb/B-BiTE complex induced antitumor T-cell responses successfully while preserving and supporting natural killer cell reactivity, resulting in enhanced antimyeloma effects via dual-lymphoid activation. In contrast, any unwanted off-target immune-cell reactivity mediated by mAb/B-BiTE complexes or B-BiTE itself appeared not to be observed in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, sequential immunotherapy using 2 different mAb/B-BiTE complexes appeared to circumvent myeloma cell antigen escape, and further augmented immune responses to myeloma relative to those induced by mAb/B-BiTE monotherapy or sequential therapy with 2 mAbs in the absence of B-BiTE. Therefore, this modality facilitates easy and prompt generation of a broad panel of bispecific antibodies that can induce deep and durable antitumor responses in the presence of clinically available mAbs, supporting further advancement of reinforced immunotherapy for multiple myeloma and other refractory hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Konishi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Immune Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Maruta
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Division of Immune Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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20
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Noble A, Paudyal B, Schwartz JC, Mwangi W, Munir D, Tchilian E, Hammond JA, Graham SP. Distinct effector functions mediated by Fc regions of bovine IgG subclasses and their interaction with Fc gamma receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286903. [PMID: 38077405 PMCID: PMC10702552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle possess three IgG subclasses. However, the key immune functions, including complement and NK cell activation, and enhancement of phagocytosis, are not fully described for bovine IgG1, 2 and 3. We produced chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consisting of a defined variable region linked to the constant regions of bovine IgG1, 2 and 3, and expressed His-tagged soluble recombinant bovine Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) IA (CD64), IIA (CD32A), III (CD16) and Fcγ2R. Functional assays using bovinized mAbs were developed. IgG1 and IgG3, but not IgG2, activated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Only IgG1 could activate cattle NK cells to mobilize CD107a after antigen crosslinking, a surrogate assay for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Both IgG1 and IgG2 could trigger monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose fluorescently labelled antigen-expressing target cells. IgG3 induced only weak antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). By contrast, monocytes only exhibited strong ADCP when triggered by IgG2. IgG1 bound most strongly to recombinant FcγRs IA, IIA and III, with weaker binding by IgG3 and none by IgG2, which bound exclusively to Fcγ2R. Immune complexes containing IgG1, 2 and 3 bound differentially to leukocyte subsets, with IgG2 binding strongly to neutrophils and monocytes and all subclasses binding platelets. Differential expression of the FcγRs on leukocyte subsets was demonstrated by surface staining and/or RT-qPCR of sorted cells, e.g., Fcγ2R mRNA was expressed in monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and platelets, potentially explaining their strong interactions with IgG2, and FcγRIII was expressed on NK cells, presumably mediating IgG1-dependent NK cell activation. These data reveal differences in bovine IgG subclass functionality, which do not correspond to those described in humans, mice or pigs, which is relevant to the study of these IgG subclasses in vaccine and therapeutic antibody development.
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21
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Blöchl C, Gstöttner C, Sénard T, Stork EM, Scherer HU, Toes REM, Wuhrer M, Domínguez-Vega E. A robust nanoscale RP HPLC-MS approach for sensitive Fc proteoform profiling of IgG allotypes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341795. [PMID: 37827688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The conserved region (Fc) of IgG antibodies dictates the interactions with designated receptors thus defining the immunological effector functions of IgG. Amino acid sequence variations in the Fc, recognized as subclasses and allotypes, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs) modulate these interactions. Yet, the high similarity of Fc sequences hinders allotype-specific PTM analysis by state-of-the-art bottom-up methods and current subunit approaches lack sensitivity and face co-elution of near-isobaric allotypes. To circumvent these shortcomings, we present a nanoscale reversed-phase (RP) HPLC-MS workflow of intact Fc subunits for comprehensive characterization of Fc proteoforms in an allotype- and subclass-specific manner. Polyclonal IgGs were purified from individuals followed by enzymatic digestion releasing single chain Fc subunits (Fc/2) that were directly subjected to analysis. Chromatographic conditions were optimized to separate Fc/2 subunits of near-isobaric allotypes and subclasses allowing allotype and proteoform identification and quantification across all four IgG subclasses. The workflow was complemented by a semi-automated data analysis pipeline based on the open-source software Skyline followed by post-processing in R. The approach revealed pronounced differences in Fc glycosylation between donors, besides inter-subclass and inter-allotype variability within donors. Notably, partial occupancy of the N-glycosylation site in the CH3 domain of IgG3 was observed that is generally neglected by established approaches. The described method was benchmarked across several hundred runs and showed good precision and robustness. This methodology represents a first mature Fc subunit profiling approach allowing truly subclass- and allotype-specific Fc proteoform characterization beyond established approaches. The comprehensive information obtained paired with the high sensitivity provided by the miniaturization of the approach guarantees applicability to a broad range of research questions including clinically relevant (auto)antibody characterization or pharmacokinetics assessment of therapeutic IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Gstöttner
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rene E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Bjorgen JC, Dick JK, Cromarty R, Hart GT, Rhein J. NK cell subsets and dysfunction during viral infection: a new avenue for therapeutics? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267774. [PMID: 37928543 PMCID: PMC10620977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the setting of viral challenge, natural killer (NK) cells play an important role as an early immune responder against infection. During this response, significant changes in the NK cell population occur, particularly in terms of their frequency, location, and subtype prevalence. In this review, changes in the NK cell repertoire associated with several pathogenic viral infections are summarized, with a particular focus placed on changes that contribute to NK cell dysregulation in these settings. This dysregulation, in turn, can contribute to host pathology either by causing NK cells to be hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive. Hyperresponsive NK cells mediate significant host cell death and contribute to generating a hyperinflammatory environment. Hyporesponsive NK cell populations shift toward exhaustion and often fail to limit viral pathogenesis, possibly enabling viral persistence. Several emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing NK cell dysregulation have arisen in the last three decades in the setting of cancer and may prove to hold promise in treating viral diseases. However, the application of such therapeutics to treat viral infections remains critically underexplored. This review briefly explores several therapeutic approaches, including the administration of TGF-β inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive NK cell therapies, CAR NK cells, and NK cell engagers among other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Bjorgen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jenna K. Dick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ross Cromarty
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Geoffrey T. Hart
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joshua Rhein
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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23
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Szittner Z, Bentlage AEH, Temming AR, Schmidt DE, Visser R, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Sonneveld ME, de Graaf EL, Wuhrer M, Porcelijn L, de Haas M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Cellular surface plasmon resonance-based detection of anti-HPA-1a antibody glycosylation in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225603. [PMID: 37868955 PMCID: PMC10585714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) can occur due to maternal IgG antibodies targeting platelet antigens, causing life-threatening bleeding in the neonate. However, the disease manifests itself in only a fraction of pregnancies, most commonly with anti-HPA-1a antibodies. We found that in particular, the core fucosylation in the IgG-Fc tail is highly variable in anti-HPA-1a IgG, which strongly influences the binding to leukocyte IgG-Fc receptors IIIa/b (FcγRIIIa/b). Currently, gold-standard IgG-glycoanalytics rely on complicated methods (e.g., mass spectrometry (MS)) that are not suited for diagnostic purposes. Our aim was to provide a simplified method to quantify the biological activity of IgG antibodies targeting cells. We developed a cellular surface plasmon resonance imaging (cSPRi) technique based on FcγRIII-binding to IgG-opsonized cells and compared the results with MS. The strength of platelet binding to FcγR was monitored under flow using both WT FcγRIIIa (sensitive to Fc glycosylation status) and mutant FcγRIIIa-N162A (insensitive to Fc glycosylation status). The quality of the anti-HPA-1a glycosylation was monitored as the ratio of binding signals from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A, using glycoengineered recombinant anti-platelet HPA-1a as a standard. The method was validated with 143 plasma samples with anti-HPA-1a antibodies analyzed by MS with known clinical outcomes and tested for validation of the method. The ratio of patient signal from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A correlated with the fucosylation of the HPA-1a antibodies measured by MS (r=-0.52). Significantly, FNAIT disease severity based on Buchanan bleeding score was similarly discriminated against by MS and cSPRi. In conclusion, the use of IgG receptors, in this case, FcγRIIIa, on SPR chips can yield quantitative and qualitative information on platelet-bound anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Using opsonized cells in this manner circumvents the need for purification of specific antibodies and laborious MS analysis to obtain qualitative antibody traits such as IgG fucosylation, for which no clinical test is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szittner
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Robin Temming
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E. Schmidt
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Myrthe E. Sonneveld
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik L. de Graaf
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Translational Immunohematology, Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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24
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Bailly E, Macedo C, Ossart J, Louis K, Gu X, Ramaswami B, Bentlejewski C, Zeevi A, Randhawa P, Lefaucheur C, Metes D. Interleukin-21 promotes Type-1 activation and cytotoxicity of CD56 dimCD16 bright natural killer cells during kidney allograft antibody-mediated rejection showing a new link between adaptive and innate humoral allo-immunity. Kidney Int 2023; 104:707-723. [PMID: 37220805 PMCID: PMC10524858 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of Natural killer (NK) cells during kidney allograft antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is increasingly recognized, but an in-depth characterization of mechanisms that contribute to such immune response is still under investigation. Here, we characterized phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood circulating and allograft infiltrating CD56dimCD16bright NK cells during anti-HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA)+ ABMR. Cross-sectional analyses performed in 71 kidney transplant recipients identified a unique phenotypic circulating CD56dimCD16bright NK cell cluster expanded in DSA+ ABMR. This cluster co-expressed high levels of the interleukin-21 Receptor (IL-21R); Type-1 transcription factors T-bet and EOMES, CD160 and natural killer group 2D cytotoxic and activating co-stimulatory receptors. CD160+ IL-21R+ NK cells correlated with elevated plasma IL-21, Ki-67+ ICOS+ (CD278) IL-21-producing circulating T follicular helper cells, enhanced Type-1 pro-inflammatory cytokines, NK cell cytotoxicity, worse microvascular inflammation and graft loss. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of circulating NK cells delineated an expanded cluster in DSA+ ABMR characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic pathways, IL-21/STAT3 signaling, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration pathways. Infiltration of CD160+ IL-21R+ NK cells with similar transcriptomic profile was detected in DSA+ ABMR allograft biopsies, potentially contributing to allograft injury. Thus, the IL-21/IL-21R axis, linking adaptive and innate humoral allo-immunity, or NK cells may represent appealing immunotherapy targets in DSA+ ABMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bailly
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR-S976, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Camila Macedo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Ossart
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Louis
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR-S976, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xinyan Gu
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bala Ramaswami
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol Bentlejewski
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parmjeet Randhawa
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmen Lefaucheur
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR-S976, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Diana Metes
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Oh S, Mao X, Manfredo-Vieira S, Lee J, Patel D, Choi EJ, Alvarado A, Cottman-Thomas E, Maseda D, Tsao PY, Ellebrecht CT, Khella SL, Richman DP, O'Connor KC, Herzberg U, Binder GK, Milone MC, Basu S, Payne AS. Precision targeting of autoantigen-specific B cells in muscle-specific tyrosine kinase myasthenia gravis with chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1229-1238. [PMID: 36658341 PMCID: PMC10354218 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase myasthenia gravis (MuSK MG) is an autoimmune disease that causes life-threatening muscle weakness due to anti-MuSK autoantibodies that disrupt neuromuscular junction signaling. To avoid chronic immunosuppression from current therapies, we engineered T cells to express a MuSK chimeric autoantibody receptor with CD137-CD3ζ signaling domains (MuSK-CAART) for precision targeting of B cells expressing anti-MuSK autoantibodies. MuSK-CAART demonstrated similar efficacy as anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for depletion of anti-MuSK B cells and retained cytolytic activity in the presence of soluble anti-MuSK antibodies. In an experimental autoimmune MG mouse model, MuSK-CAART reduced anti-MuSK IgG without decreasing B cells or total IgG levels, reflecting MuSK-specific B cell depletion. Specific off-target interactions of MuSK-CAART were not identified in vivo, in primary human cell screens or by high-throughput human membrane proteome array. These data contributed to an investigational new drug application and phase 1 clinical study design for MuSK-CAART for the treatment of MuSK autoantibody-positive MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwook Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuming Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvio Manfredo-Vieira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Damian Maseda
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Y Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph T Ellebrecht
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sami L Khella
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David P Richman
- Department of Neurology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C O'Connor
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C Milone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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26
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Hou M, Liu Y. Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA transcriptome sequencing reveals a heterogeneous immune landscape and pivotal cell subpopulations associated with colorectal cancer prognosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184167. [PMID: 37675100 PMCID: PMC10477986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer. The molecular and cellular characteristics differ between the colon and rectal cancer type due to the differences in their anatomical location and pathological properties. With the advent of single-cell sequencing, it has become possible to analyze inter- and intra-tumoral tissue heterogeneities. Methods A comprehensive CRC immune atlas, comprising 62,398 immune cells, was re-structured into 33 immune cell clusters at the single-cell level. Further, the immune cell lineage heterogeneity of colon, rectal, and paracancerous tissues was explored. Simultaneously, we characterized the TAM phenotypes and analyzed the transcriptomic factor regulatory network of each macrophage subset using SCENIC. In addition, monocle2 was used to elucidate the B cell developmental trajectory. The crosstalk between immune cells was explored using CellChat and the patterns of incoming and outgoing signals within the overall immune cell population were identified. Afterwards, the bulk RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were combined and the relative infiltration abundance of the identified subpopulations was analyzed using CIBERSORT. Moreover, cell composition patterns could be classified into five tumor microenvironment (TME) subtypes by employing a consistent non-negative matrix algorithm. Finally, the co-expression and interaction between SPP1+TAMs and Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment were analyzed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Results In the T cell lineage, we found that CXCL13+T cells were more widely distributed in colorectal cancer tissues, and the proportion of infiltration was increased. In addition, Th17 was found accounted for the highest proportion in CD39+CD101+PD1+T cells. Mover, Ma1-SPP1 showed the characteristics of M2 phenotypes and displayed an increased proportion in tumor tissues, which may promote angiogenesis. Plasma cells (PCs) displayed a significantly heterogeneous distribution in tumor as well as normal tissues. Specifically, the IgA+ PC population could be shown to be decreased in colorectal tumor tissues whereas the IgG+ PC one was enriched. In addition, information flow mediated by SPP1 and CD44, regulate signaling pathways of tumor progression. Among the five TME subtypes, the TME-1 subtype displayed a markedly reduced proportion of T-cell infiltration with the highest proportion of macrophages which was correlated to the worst prognosis. Finally, the co-expression and interaction between SPP1+TAMs and Treg cells were observed in the CD44 enriched region. Discussion The heterogeneity distribution and phenotype of immune cells were analyzed in colon cancer and rectal cancer at the single-cell level. Further, the prognostic role of major tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and TME subtypes in CRC was evaluated by integrating bulk RNA. These findings provide novel insight into the immunotherapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, The Veterans General Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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27
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Achini-Gutzwiller FR, Schilham MW, von Asmuth EGJ, Jansen-Hoogendijk AM, Jol-van der Zijde CM, van Tol MJD, Bredius RGM, Güngör T, Lankester AC, Moes DJAR. Exposure-response analysis of alemtuzumab in pediatric allogeneic HSCT for nonmalignant diseases: the ARTIC study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4462-4474. [PMID: 37285798 PMCID: PMC10440472 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 antibody) is frequently prescribed to children with nonmalignant diseases undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to prevent graft failure (GF) and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The aim of this multicenter study was the characterization of alemtuzumab population pharmacokinetics to perform a novel model-based exposure-response analysis in 53 children with nonmalignant immunological or hematological disease and a median age of 4.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.8-8.7). The median cumulative alemtuzumab dose was 0.6 mg/kg (IQR, 0.6-1) administered over 2 to 7 days. A 2-compartment population pharmacokinetics model with parallel linear and nonlinear elimination including allometrically scaled bodyweight (median, 17.50 kg; IQR, 8.76-33.00) and lymphocyte count at baseline (mean, 2.24 × 109/L; standard deviation ± 1.87) as significant pharmacokinetic predictors was developed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Based on the model-estimated median concentration at day of HSCT (0.77 μg/mL; IQR, 0.33-1.82), patients were grouped into a low- (≤0.77 μg/mL) or high- (>0.77 μg/mL) exposure groups. High alemtuzumab exposure at day of HSCT correlated with delayed CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution (P value < .0001) and increased risk of GF (P value = .043). In contrast, alemtuzumab exposure did not significantly influence the incidence of aGVHD grade ≥2, mortality, chimerism at 1 year, viral reactivations, and autoimmunity at a median follow-up of 3.3 years (IQR, 2.5-8.0). In conclusion, this novel population pharmacokinetics model is suitable for individualized intravenous precision dosing to predict alemtuzumab exposure in pediatric allogeneic HSCT for nonmalignant diseases, aiming at the achievement of early T-cell reconstitution and prevention of GF in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica R. Achini-Gutzwiller
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Schilham
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik G. J. von Asmuth
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja M. Jansen-Hoogendijk
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. Jol-van der Zijde
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. D. van Tol
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert G. M. Bredius
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tayfun Güngör
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arjan C. Lankester
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan A. R. Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Bordignon MB, Pesce Viglietti AI, Juliá EP, Sanchez MB, Rölle A, Mandó P, Sabatini L, Ostinelli A, Rizzo MM, Barrio MM, Mordoh J, Fainboim L, Levy EM. Phenotypic and functional analysis in HER2+ targeted therapy of human NK cell subpopulation according to the expression of FcεRIγ and NKG2C in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2687-2700. [PMID: 37081323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive NK cells constitute an NK cell subpopulation, which expands after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. This subpopulation has stronger production of cytokines after CD16 stimulation, longer life and persistence than conventional NK cells and are, therefore, interesting tools for cancer immunotherapy. Since there is limited information on adaptive NK cells in cancer patients, we described this population phenotypically and functionally, by flow cytometry, in the context of HER2 + breast cancer (BC) directed therapy. We assessed HCMV status in 78 patients with BC. We found that, similarly to healthy donors (HD), a high proportion of BC patients were HCMV-positive, and nearly 72% of them had an adaptive NK cell subpopulation characterized by the loss of FcεRIγ intracellular adaptor protein or the presence of NKG2C receptor. However, in BC patients, FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + NK cell populations overlapped to a lesser extent than in HD. Otherwise, no profound phenotypic differences were found between BC patients and HD. Although FcεRIγ- or NKG2C + NK cell subsets from BC patients produced more IFN-γ than their FcεRIγ + or NKG2C- NK cell counterparts, IFN-γ production increased only when NK cells simultaneously expressed FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + , whereas in HD the presence of NKG2C marker was sufficient to display greater functionality. Furthermore, in a group of patients treated with chemotherapy and Trastuzumab plus Pertuzumab, FcεRIγ-NKG2C + and FcεRIγ-NKG2C- NK cells retained greater functionality after treatment than FcεRIγ + NKG2C- NK cells. These results suggest that the presence or magnitude of adaptive NK cell subsets might serve as a key determinant for therapeutic approaches based on antibodies directed against tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Bordignon
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén I Pesce Viglietti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía P Juliá
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Mandó
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sabatini
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexis Ostinelli
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Argentina
| | - María M Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas. Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenética, INIGEM, CONICET-UBA, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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30
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Tan ZC, Lux A, Biburger M, Varghese P, Lees S, Nimmerjahn F, Meyer AS. Mixed IgG Fc immune complexes exhibit blended binding profiles and refine FcR affinity estimates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112734. [PMID: 37421619 PMCID: PMC10404157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies coordinate immune effector responses by interacting with effector cells via fragment crystallizable γ (Fcγ) receptors. The IgG Fc domain directs effector responses through subclass and glycosylation variation. Although each Fc variant has been extensively characterized in isolation, during immune responses, IgG is almost always produced in Fc mixtures. How this influences effector responses has not been examined. Here, we measure Fcγ receptor binding to mixed Fc immune complexes. Binding of these mixtures falls along a continuum between pure cases and quantitatively matches a mechanistic model, except for several low-affinity interactions mostly involving IgG2. We find that the binding model provides refined estimates of their affinities. Finally, we demonstrate that the model predicts effector cell-elicited platelet depletion in humanized mice. Contrary to previous views, IgG2 exhibits appreciable binding through avidity, though it is insufficient to induce effector responses. Overall, this work demonstrates a quantitative framework for modeling mixed IgG Fc-effector cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anja Lux
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Prabha Varghese
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Lees
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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31
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Abendstein L, Dijkstra DJ, Tjokrodirijo RTN, van Veelen PA, Trouw LA, Hensbergen PJ, Sharp TH. Complement is activated by elevated IgG3 hexameric platforms and deposits C4b onto distinct antibody domains. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4027. [PMID: 37419978 PMCID: PMC10328927 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG3 is unique among the IgG subclasses due to its extended hinge, allotypic diversity and enhanced effector functions, including highly efficient pathogen neutralisation and complement activation. It is also underrepresented as an immunotherapeutic candidate, partly due to a lack of structural information. Here, we use cryoEM to solve structures of antigen-bound IgG3 alone and in complex with complement components. These structures reveal a propensity for IgG3-Fab clustering, which is possible due to the IgG3-specific flexible upper hinge region and may maximise pathogen neutralisation by forming high-density antibody arrays. IgG3 forms elevated hexameric Fc platforms that extend above the protein corona to maximise binding to receptors and the complement C1 complex, which here adopts a unique protease conformation that may precede C1 activation. Mass spectrometry reveals that C1 deposits C4b directly onto specific IgG3 residues proximal to the Fab domains. Structural analysis shows this to be caused by the height of the C1-IgG3 complex. Together, these data provide structural insights into the role of the unique IgG3 extended hinge, which will aid the development and design of upcoming immunotherapeutics based on IgG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Dijkstra
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rayman T N Tjokrodirijo
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Shen Z. Integration of bulk RNA sequencing data and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on the heterogeneity in patients with colorectal cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:209. [PMID: 37355491 PMCID: PMC10290593 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has emerged as a critical innate immune pathway that could virtually impact nearly all aspects of tumorigenesis including colorectal cancer. This work aimed to develop and validate molecular subtypes related to cGAS-STING pathways for colorectal cancer using Bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. Bulk RNA-seq data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (training dataset) and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (validation dataset). Univariate COX survival analysis was utilized to identify prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 6 immune pathways related to cGAS-STING. ConsensusClusterPlus package was used to classify different subtypes based on DEGs. scRNA-seq data were used to validate differences in immune status between different subtypes. Two clusters with distinct prognosis were identified based on 27 DEGs. The six cGAS-STING-related pathways had different levels of significance between the two clusters. Clust1 had most number of amplified CNVs and clust2 had the most number of loss CNVs. TP53 was the top mutated gene of which missense mutations contributed the most of single-nucleotide variants. Immune score of clust1 was higher than that in clust2, as reflected in macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells. Three unfavorable genes and 31 protection factors were screened between the two clusters in three datasets. ScRNA-seq data analysis demonstrated that macrophages were more enriched in clust1, and tumor cells and immune cells had close interaction. We classified two distinct subtypes with different prognosis, mutation landscape, and immune characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yangsheng Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Shen
- Department of Coloproctology, The Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, the No.38 Westlake Avenue, Hangzhou City, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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34
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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Moore K, Sengupta U, Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Kayed R. Polymorphic Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers: Characterization and Differential Detection with Novel Corresponding Antibodies. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2691-2705. [PMID: 36707462 PMCID: PMC9883140 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of characteristic proteinaceous aggregates. Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies can be characterized as synucleinopathies due to the abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). Studies have shown amyloidogenic proteins such as α-Syn and tau can exist as polymorphic aggregates, a theory widely studied mostly in their fibrillar morphology. It is now well understood that an intermediate state of aggregates, oligomers, are the most toxic species. We have shown α-Syn, when modified by different physiological inducers, result in distinct oligomeric conformations of α-Syn. Polymorphic α-Syn oligomers exhibit distinct properties such as aggregate size, conformation, and differentially interact with tau. In this study, we confirm α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs furthermore using in-house novel α-Syn toxic conformation monoclonal antibodies (SynTCs). It is unclear the biological relevance of α-Syn oligomeric polymorphisms. Utilizing a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays, we characterize α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs. We found α-Syn oligomeric polymorphs exhibit distinct immunoreactivity and SynTCs exhibit differential selectivity and binding affinity for α-Syn species. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments suggest distinct α-Syn:SynTC binding enthalpies in a species-specific manner. Additionally, we found SynTCs differentially reduce α-Syn oligomeric polymorph-mediated neurotoxicity and propagation in primary cortical neurons in a polymorph-specific manner. These studies demonstrate the biological significance of polymorphic α-Syn oligomers along with the importance of polymorph-specific antibodies that target toxic α-Syn aggregates. Monoclonal antibodies that can target the conformational heterogeneity of α-Syn oligomeric species and reduce their mediated toxicity have promising immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Moore
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Medical Research Building Room 10.138C, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1045, USA.
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Jung JY, Kim JW, Lee SW, Baek WY, Kim HA, Suh CH. Increased Immunoglobulin Gamma-3 Chain C in the Serum, Saliva, and Urine of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086927. [PMID: 37108090 PMCID: PMC10138548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin gamma-3 chain C (IGHG3) levels have been detected in the blood and tissue of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to assess its clinical value by measuring and comparing levels of IGHG3 in different body fluids in patients with SLE. The levels of IGHG3 in saliva, serum, and urine from 181 patients with SLE and 99 healthy controls were measured and analyzed. In patients with SLE and healthy controls, salivary IGHG3 levels were 3078.9 ± 2473.8 and 1413.6 ± 1075.3 ng/mL, serum IGHG3 levels were 478.1 ± 160.9 and 364.4 ± 97.9 μg/mL, and urine IGHG3 levels were 64.0 ± 74.5 and 27.1 ± 16.2 ng/mL, respectively (all p < 0.001). Salivary IGHG3 was correlated with ESR (correlation coefficient [r], 0.173; p = 0.024). Serum IGHG3 was correlated with leukocyte count (r, -0.219; p = 0.003), lymphocyte count (r, 0.22; p = 0.03), anti-dsDNA antibody positivity (r, 0.22; p = 0.003), and C3 levels (r, -0.23; p = 0.002). Urinary IGHG3 was correlated with hemoglobin level (r, -0.183; p = 0.021), ESR (r, 0.204; p = 0.01), anti-dsDNA antibody positivity (r, 0.262; p = 0.001), C3 levels (r, -0.202; p = 0.011), and SLE disease activity index (r, 0.332; p = 0.01). Urinary IGHG3 was higher in patients with nephritis than in those without (119.5 ± 110.0 vs. 49.8 ± 54.4 ng/mL; p < 0.01). IGHG3 was increased in the saliva, serum, and urine of patients with SLE. While salivary IGHG3 was not identified to be specific to SLE disease activity, serum IGHG3 showed correlations with clinical characteristics. Urinary IGHG3 levels were associated with disease activity and renal involvement in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Young Baek
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Warrender AK, Pan J, Pudney CR, Arcus VL, Kelton W. Constant domain polymorphisms influence monoclonal antibody stability and dynamics. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4589. [PMID: 36759959 PMCID: PMC9951194 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The constant regions of clinical monoclonal antibodies are derived from a select number of allotypes found in IgG subclasses. Despite a long-term acknowledgment that this diversity may impact both antibody function and developability, there is a lack of data on the stability of variants carrying these mutations. Here, we generated a panel of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibodies with 32 unique constant region alleles and performed a systematic comparison of stability using red edge excitation shift (REES). This technique exploits the fluorescent properties of tryptophan residues to measure antibody structural dynamics which predict flexibility and the propensity to unfold. Our REES measurements revealed broad stability differences between subclasses with IgG3 possessing the poorest overall stability. Further interrogation of differences between variants within each subclass enabled the high-resolution profiling of individual allotype stabilities. Crucially, these observed differences were not found to be linked to N297-linked glycan heterogeneity. Our work demonstrates diverse stabilities (and dynamics) for a range of naturally occurring constant domain alleles and the utility of REES as a method for rapid and sensitive antibody stability profiling, requiring only laboratory spectrophotometry equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmaree K Warrender
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jolyn Pan
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Chris R Pudney
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Vickery L Arcus
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - William Kelton
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Wong JKM, Dolcetti R, Rhee H, Simpson F, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Weaponizing natural killer cells for solid cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:111-121. [PMID: 36379852 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell-based innate immunity has become a promising strategy for immunotherapy against hard-to-cure solid cancers. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been used to activate NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards solid cancers. Cancer cells, however, can subvert immunosurveillance using multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms, which may hamper NK cell ADCC. Mechanisms to safely enhance ADCC by NK cells, such as utilizing temporary inhibition of receptor endocytosis to increase antibody presentation from target to effector cells can now be used to enhance NK-cell-mediated ADCC against solid tumors. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances in the field and highlights current and potential future use of immunotherapies to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of innate anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K M Wong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and Queen Elizabeth Jubilee II Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Crowley AR, Richardson SI, Tuyishime M, Jennewein M, Bailey MJ, Lee J, Alter G, Ferrari G, Morris L, Ackerman ME. Functional consequences of allotypic polymorphisms in human immunoglobulin G subclasses. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:1-16. [PMID: 35904629 PMCID: PMC9845132 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heritable polymorphisms within the human IgG locus, collectively termed allotypes, have often been linked by statistical associations, but rarely mechanistically, to a wide range of disease states. One potential explanation for these associations is that IgG allotype alters host cell receptors' affinity for IgG, dampening or enhancing an immune response depending on the nature of the change and the receptors. In this work, a panel of allotypic antibody variants were evaluated using multiplexed, label-free biophysical methods and cell-based functional assays to determine what effect, if any, human IgG polymorphisms have on antibody function. While we observed several differences in FcγR affinity among allotypes, there was little evidence of dramatically altered FcγR-based effector function or antigen recognition activity associated with this aspect of genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Simone I Richardson
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, Gauteng, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Meredith J Bailey
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, Gauteng, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Advances in antibody-based therapy in oncology. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:165-180. [PMID: 36806801 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are a growing class of targeted cancer therapeutics, characterized by exquisite specificity, long serum half-life, high affinity and immune effector functions. In this review, we outline key advances in the field with a particular focus on recent and emerging classes of engineered antibody therapeutic candidates, discuss molecular structure and mechanisms of action and provide updates on clinical development and practice.
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Guillen E, Ekman N, Barry S, Weise M, Wolff-Holz E. A Data Driven Approach to Support Tailored Clinical Programs for Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:108-123. [PMID: 36546547 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved in the European Union since 2013 and have been demonstrated to reduce healthcare costs and to expand patient access. Biosimilarity is mainly established on the basis of demonstrated similarity of relevant quality attributes (QAs), determined by comprehensive physiochemical and functional analyses, and demonstration of bioequivalence. In addition, comparative efficacy/safety studies have been requested for all approved biosimilar mAbs so far, although the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guidelines state that such confirmatory clinical trials may not be necessary in specific circumstances. In order to evaluate the degree of analytical similarity, how residual uncertainty regarding biosimilarity was resolved, and the value of clinical data, we analyzed the quality and clinical data packages for authorized adalimumab (7 products) and bevacizumab (5 products) biosimilars. The percentage of biosimilar batches meeting the similarity range for QAs, as defined by the biosimilar manufacturer based on a comprehensive characterization of the EU reference product (RP), was determined and clinical data were reviewed. Our analyses show that QAs of approved adalimumab and bevacizumab biosimilars have varying concordance with the EU-RP similarity range. In this study, we found that clinical efficacy data played a limited role in addressing quality concerns. Therefore, we encourage a regulatory review of the standards for clinical data requirements for mAb and fusion protein biosimilars. This study outlines a quality data driven approach for facilitating tailored clinical programs for biosimilars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guillen
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Clinical Pharmacology Service, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niklas Ekman
- Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean Barry
- Health Products Regulatory Authority, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina Weise
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
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Bharadwaj P, Shrestha S, Pongracz T, Concetta C, Sharma S, Le Moine A, de Haan N, Murakami N, Riella LV, Holovska V, Wuhrer M, Marchant A, Ackerman ME. Afucosylation of HLA-specific IgG1 as a potential predictor of antibody pathogenicity in kidney transplantation. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100818. [PMID: 36384101 PMCID: PMC9729883 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of graft failure. While donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are associated with a higher risk of AMR, not all patients with DSAs develop rejection, suggesting that the characteristics of alloantibodies determining their pathogenicity remain undefined. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-specific antibodies as a model, we apply systems serology tools to investigate qualitative features of immunoglobulin G (IgG) alloantibodies including Fc-glycosylation patterns and FcγR-binding properties. Levels of afucosylated anti-A2 antibodies are elevated in seropositive patients, especially those with AMR, suggesting potential cytotoxicity via FcγRIII-mediated mechanisms. Afucosylation of both glycoengineered monoclonal and naturally glycovariant polyclonal serum IgG specific to HLA-A2 drives potentiated binding to, slower dissociation from, and enhanced signaling through FcγRIII, a receptor widely expressed on innate effector cells, and greater cytotoxicity against HLA-A2+ cells mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Collectively, these results suggest that afucosylated DSA may be a biomarker of AMR and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catalano Concetta
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanda Holovska
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB), Hôpital Erasme ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Assessment of Fcγ receptor-dependent binding of influenza hemagglutinin vaccine-induced antibodies in a non-human primate model. iScience 2022; 25:105085. [PMID: 36147947 PMCID: PMC9486051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cross-protective antibodies that recognize a broad range of influenza A virus (IAV) strains are known to have functions in virus elimination such as Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-effector function and neutralizing activity against the head region. Although few studies have used primary cells as effector cells, the FcγR-effector function was evaluated after isolating each cell subset. Herein, we established an original assay system to evaluate purified FI6 IgG-mediated binding to hemagglutinin (HA)-expressing cells by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus macaques. In addition, we evaluated the FcγR-effector function of IAV vaccine-induced anti-HA antibodies in cynomolgus macaques after administering the split vaccine. We found several cell types, mainly classical monocytes, bound to HA-expressing target cells in an FcγR-dependent manner, that were dominant in the binding of the cell population. Thus, this assay system could facilitate the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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A novel CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody enhances therapeutic efficacy and overcomes immune escape against B-ALL. Blood 2022; 140:1790-1802. [PMID: 35981465 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab against CD19 and CD3 has emerged as the most successful bispecific antibody (bsAb) to date; however, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to the treatments or eventually experience relapse after an initial response, and the recurrence rate increases significantly due to escape or downregulation of the CD19 antigen. To enhance antitumor efficacy and overcome potential immune escape, we developed a novel approach to design a CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody (tsAb) by site-specifically fusing anti-CD19 scFv (FMC63) and anti-CD22 nanobody (Nb25) to the defined sites of the CD3 antigen-binding fragment (Fab, SP34). This strategy allows for the optimal formation of immune synapses mediated by CD19/CD22/CD3 between target cells and T cells. Optimized tsAb can be superior for inducing T-cell-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production against CD19+ and/or CD22+ tumor cells compared to other tsAb formats, and demonstrated significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy and the ability to overcome immune escape compared with the corresponding bsAbs alone or in combination, as well as with blinatumomab. In addition, tsAb treatment can lead to the long-term elimination of primary B-ALL patient samples in the PDX model and significantly prolong survival. This novel approach provides unique insight into the structural optimization of T-cell-redirected multispecific antibodies using site-specific recombination, and may be broadly applicable to heterogeneous and resistant tumor populations as well as solid tumors.
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45
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Minor structural changes, major functional impacts: posttranslational modifications and drug targets. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:693-703. [PMID: 36251238 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are essential mechanisms that provide chemical diversity to proteins. The additional functional and structural elements can be introduced to exceed the primary amino acid composition. PTMs impact key biological and physiological processes including cell signaling, metabolism, protein degradation and influences interactions with other macromolecules. However, characterization of the structural and functional signatures of modified proteins has been historically limited. Since defects in PTMs are linked to numerous disorders and diseases, PTMs and their modifying enzymes are considered as potential drug targets. This has fueled new initiatives to determine how PTMs affect protein structure and function. In this review, I summarize some of the major, well-studied protein PTMs and related drug targets. Since PTMs are widely used for therapeutic targets or disease markers, highlighting structural changes after PTM provides new frontiers in understanding the detailed mechanism and related drug developments.
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Cruz AR, Bentlage AEH, Blonk R, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, Scheepmaker LM, Bouwmeester IG, Lux A, van Strijp JAG, Nimmerjahn F, van Kessel KPM, Vidarsson G, Rooijakkers SHM. Toward Understanding How Staphylococcal Protein A Inhibits IgG-Mediated Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1146-1155. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IgG molecules are crucial for the human immune response against bacterial infections. IgGs can trigger phagocytosis by innate immune cells, like neutrophils. To do so, IgGs should bind to the bacterial surface via their variable Fab regions and interact with Fcγ receptors and complement C1 via the constant Fc domain. C1 binding to IgG-labeled bacteria activates the complement cascade, which results in bacterial decoration with C3-derived molecules that are recognized by complement receptors on neutrophils. Next to FcγRs and complement receptors on the membrane, neutrophils also express the intracellular neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). We previously reported that staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key immune-evasion protein of Staphylococcus aureus, potently blocks IgG-mediated complement activation and killing of S. aureus by interfering with IgG hexamer formation. SpA is also known to block IgG-mediated phagocytosis in absence of complement, but the mechanism behind it remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus and that it inhibits the interaction of IgGs with FcγRs (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not FcγRI) and FcRn. Furthermore, our data show that multiple SpA domains are needed to effectively block IgG1-mediated phagocytosis. This provides a rationale for the fact that SpA from S. aureus contains four to five repeats. Taken together, our study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and supports the idea that in addition to FcγRs, the intracellular FcRn is also prevented from binding IgG by SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cruz
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Robin Blonk
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette M. Scheepmaker
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge G. Bouwmeester
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lux
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Yang S, Cui M, Liu Q, Liao Q. Glycosylation of immunoglobin G in tumors: Function, regulation and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215902. [PMID: 36096412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant component in humoral immunity and the major effector of neutralizing heterogeneous antigens. Glycosylation, as excessive posttranscriptional modification, can modulate IgG immune function. Glycosylated IgG has been reported to correlate with tumor progression, presenting several characteristic modifications, including the core fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and the bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Meanwhile, IgG glycosylation regulates tumor immunity involved in tumor progression and is thus a potential target. Herein, we summarized the research progression to provide novel insight into the application of IgG glycosylation in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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IGHG3 hinge length variation was associated with the risk of critical disease and death in a Spanish COVID-19 cohort. Genes Immun 2022; 23:205-208. [PMID: 36088493 PMCID: PMC9463670 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IgG3 would play an important role in the immune adaptive response against SARS-CoV-2, and low plasma levels might increase the risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. The IgG3 hinge sequence has a variable repeat of a 15 amino acid exon with common 4-repeats (M) and 3-repeats (S). This length IGHG3 polymorphism might affect the IgG3 effector functions. The short hinge length would reduce the IgG3 flexibility and impairs the neutralization and phagocytosis compared to larger length-isoforms. We genotyped the IGHG3 length polymorphism in patients with critical COVID-19 (N = 516; 107 death) and 152 moderate-severe but no-critical cases. Carriers of the S allele had an increased risk of critical ICU and mortality (p < 0.001, OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.66–4.65). This adverse effect might be explained by a less flexibility and reduced ability to induce phagocytosis or viral neutralization for the short length allele. We concluded that the IgG3 hinge length polymorphism could be a predictor of critical COVID-19 and the risk of death. This study was based on a limited number of patients from a single population, and requires validation in larger cohorts.
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Sénard T, Flouri I, Vučković F, Papadaki G, Goutakoli P, Banos A, Pučić-Baković M, Pezer M, Bertsias G, Lauc G, Sidiropoulos P. Baseline IgG-Fc N-glycosylation profile is associated with long-term outcome in a cohort of early inflammatory arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:206. [PMID: 36008868 PMCID: PMC9404591 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease for which prediction of long-term prognosis from disease’s outset is not clinically feasible. The importance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its Fc N-glycosylation in inflammation is well-known and studies described its relevance for several autoimmune diseases, including RA. Herein we assessed the association between IgG N-glycoforms and disease prognosis at 2 years in an early inflammatory arthritis cohort. Methods Sera from 118 patients with early inflammatory arthritis naïve to treatment sampled at baseline were used to obtain IgG Fc glycopeptides, which were then analyzed in a subclass-specific manner by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Patients were prospectively followed and a favorable prognosis at 2 years was assessed by a combined index as remission or low disease activity (DAS28 < 3.2) and normal functionality (HAQ ≤ 0.25) while on treatment with conventional synthetic DMARDs and never used biologic DMARDs. Results We observed a significant association between high levels of IgG2/3 Fc galactosylation (effect 0.627 and adjusted p value 0.036 for the fully galactosylated glycoform H5N4F1; effect −0.551 and adjusted p value 0.04963 for the agalactosylated H3N4F1) and favorable outcome after 2 years of treatment. The inclusion of IgG glycoprofiling in a multivariate analysis to predict the outcome (with HAQ, DAS28, RF, and ACPA included in the model) did not improve the prognostic performance of the model. Conclusion Pending confirmation of these findings in larger cohorts, IgG glycosylation levels could be used as a prognostic marker in early arthritis, to overcome the limitations of the current prognostic tools. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02897-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irini Flouri
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Garyfalia Papadaki
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Medical School, University of Crete, 71305, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiota Goutakoli
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Medical School, University of Crete, 71305, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - George Bertsias
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Medical School, University of Crete, 71305, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Prodromos Sidiropoulos
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Medical School, University of Crete, 71305, Heraklion, Greece
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Oosterhoff JJ, Larsen MD, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:800-814. [PMID: 36008258 PMCID: PMC9395167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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