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Yang Y, Wu B, Zou W, Han F. Unveiling the molecular characteristics and antibacterial activity of tandem-repeat-type Galectin-8 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109849. [PMID: 39173981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a versatile carbohydrate-binding protein with pivotal roles in immune regulation and cellular processes. This study introduces a novel galectin-8 protein, LcGal-8, from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), showcasing typical characteristics of tandem-repeat-type galectins, including the absence of a signal peptide or transmembrane region and the presence of conserved sugar-binding motifs. Phylogenetic analysis reveals its conservation among fish species. Expression profiling indicates widespread distribution in immune tissues, particularly the spleen, implicating involvement in immune processes. The subcellular localization analysis reveals that LcGal-8 is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Upon bacterial challenge, LcGal-8 is up-regulated in immune tissues, suggesting a role in host defense. Functional assays demonstrate that LcGal-8 can agglutinate gram-negative bacteria. The recombinant LcGal-8 protein agglutinates red blood cells from the large yellow croaker independently of Ca2⁺, however, this activity is inhibited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 2.5 μg/mL. Fluorescence detection kits and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the agglutination and bactericidal effects of LcGal-8 against various gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio harveyi, Aeromondaceae hydrophila, Aeromondaceae veronii, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Edwardsiella tarda. These findings contribute valuable insights into the genetic basis of disease resistance in the large yellow croaker and could support molecular breeding strategies to enhance disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Baolan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Fang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China.
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2
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van Klaveren S, Hassan M, Håkansson M, Johnsson RE, Larsson J, Jakopin Ž, Anderluh M, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Nilsson UJ. Galectin-8N-Selective 4-Halophenylphthalazinone-Galactals Double π-Stack in a Unique Pocket. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1319-1324. [PMID: 39140038 PMCID: PMC11318003 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 contains two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). Selective inhibitors for at least one CRD are desirable for galectin-8 biology studies and potentially for pharmacological purposes. Structure-guided design led to the discovery of potent and selective glycomimetic-heterocycle hybrid ligands, with a 4-(p-bromophenyl)phthalazinone derivative displaying a 34 μM K d for galectin-8N (N-terminal CRD), no binding to galectin-8C (C-terminal CRD), -1, -3, -4N, -7, -9C, or -9N, and >40-fold selectivity over galectin-4C. Selectivity was achieved with the halogenated 4-phenylphthalazinone moiety occupying a galectin-8N-specific sub-pocket. A 1.30 Å resolution X-ray structure revealed the phthalazinone moiety stacking with Arg45 and the 4-bromophenyl moiety stacking both Arg59 and Tyr141 of galectin-8N. Physicochemical and in vitro ADME studies revealed a desirable LogD, which also translated to good passive permeability. The chemical, microsome, and plasma stability support these compounds as promising tool compounds and candidates for hit-to-lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors van Klaveren
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jessica Larsson
- Red
Glead Discovery AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Vomáčková Kykalová B, Sassù F, Dutra-Rêgo F, Soares RP, Volf P, Loza Telleria E. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from Leishmania and bacteria increase gene expression of antimicrobial peptides and gut surface proteins in sand flies. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:485-495. [PMID: 38626865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between pathogens and vectors' physiology can impact parasite transmission. Studying this interaction at the molecular level can help in developing control strategies. We study leishmaniases, diseases caused by Leishmania parasites transmitted by sand fly vectors, posing a significant global public health concern. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), the major surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania, has been described to have several roles throughout the parasite's life cycle, both in the insect and vertebrate hosts. In addition, the sand fly midgut possesses a rich microbiota expressing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, the effect of LPG and LPS on the gene expression of sand fly midgut proteins or immunity effectors has not yet been documented. We experimentally fed Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies with blood containing purified LPG from Leishmania infantum, Leishmania major, or LPS from Escherichia coli. The effect on the expression of genes encoding gut proteins galectin and mucin, digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attacin and defensins was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The gene expression of a mucin-like protein in L. longipalpis was increased by L. infantum LPG and E. coli LPS. The gene expression of a galectin was increased in L. longipalpis by L. major LPG, and in P. papatasi by E. coli LPS. Nevertheless, the gene expression of trypsins and chymotrypsins did not significantly change. On the other hand, both L. infantum and L. major LPG significantly enhanced expression of the AMP attacin in both sand fly species and defensin in L. longipalpis. In addition, E. coli LPS increased the expression of attacin and defensin in L. longipalpis. Our study showed that Leishmania LPG and E. coli LPS differentially modulate the expression of sand fly genes involved in gut maintenance and defence. This suggests that the glycoconjugates from microbiota or Leishmania may increase the vector's immune response and the gene expression of a gut coating protein in a permissive vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vomáčková Kykalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabiana Sassù
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Felipe Dutra-Rêgo
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP: 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP: 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Petr Volf
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erich Loza Telleria
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Slámová K, Červený J, Mészáros Z, Friede T, Vrbata D, Křen V, Bojarová P. Oligosaccharide Ligands of Galectin-4 and Its Subunits: Multivalency Scores Highly. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104039. [PMID: 37241779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding lectins that modulate the proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, or migration of cells by cross-linking glycans on cell membranes or extracellular matrix components. Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a tandem-repeat-type galectin expressed mainly in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of an N- and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (CRD), each with distinct binding affinities, interconnected with a peptide linker. Compared to other more abundant galectins, the knowledge of the pathophysiology of Gal-4 is sparse. Its altered expression in tumor tissue is associated with, for example, colon, colorectal, and liver cancers, and it increases in tumor progression, and metastasis. There is also very limited information on the preferences of Gal-4 for its carbohydrate ligands, particularly with respect to Gal-4 subunits. Similarly, there is virtually no information on the interaction of Gal-4 with multivalent ligands. This work shows the expression and purification of Gal-4 and its subunits and presents a structure-affinity relationship study with a library of oligosaccharide ligands. Furthermore, the influence of multivalency is demonstrated in the interaction with a model lactosyl-decorated synthetic glycoconjugate. The present data may be used in biomedical research for the design of efficient ligands of Gal-4 with diagnostic or therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mészáros
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 6, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Friede
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrbata
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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6
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Matteucci C, Nepravishta R, Argaw-Denboba A, Mandaliti W, Giovinazzo A, Petrone V, Balestrieri E, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Pica F, Paci M, Garaci E. Thymosin α1 interacts with Galectin-1 modulating the β-galactosides affinity and inducing alteration in the biological activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110113. [PMID: 37028279 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of mechanism of action of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the basis of the pleiotropic effect in health and disease, is one of the main focus of our ongoing research. Tα1 is a thymic peptide that demonstrates a peculiar ability to restore homeostasis in different physiological and pathological conditions (i.e., infections, cancer, immunodeficiency, vaccination, and aging) acting as multitasking protein depending on the host state of inflammation or immune dysfunction. However, few are the information about mechanisms of action mediated by specific Tα1-target protein interaction that could explain its pleiotropic effect. We investigated the interaction of Tα1 with Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a protein belonging to an oligosaccharide binding protein family involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including immunoregulation, infections, cancer progression and aggressiveness. Using molecular and cellular methodological approaches, we demonstrated the interaction between these two proteins. Tα1 specifically inhibited the hemagglutination activity of Gal-1, the Gal-1 dependent in vitro formation of endothelial cell tubular structures, and the migration of cancer cells in wound healing assay. Physico-chemical methods revealed the details of the molecular interaction of Tα1 with Gal-1. Hence, the study allowed the identification of the not known until now specific interaction between Tα1 and Gal-1, and unraveled a novel mechanism of action of Tα1 that could support understanding of its pleiotropic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ayele Argaw-Denboba
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giovinazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Vita Petrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy; Medical and Experimental BioImaging Center, MEBIC Consortium, Rome 00166, Italy
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Tomaszewski T, Ali MA, Caetano-Anollés K, Caetano-Anollés G. Seasonal effects decouple SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes worldwide. F1000Res 2023; 12:267. [PMID: 37069849 PMCID: PMC10105261 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131522.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) have been replacing each other during the still rampant COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 populations have evolved increasingly intricate constellations of mutations that often enhance transmissibility, disease severity, and other epidemiological characteristics. The origin and evolution of these constellations remain puzzling. Methods: Here we study the evolution of VOCs at the proteome level by analyzing about 12 million genomic sequences retrieved from GISAID on July 23, 2022. A total 183,276 mutations were identified and filtered with a relevancy heuristic. The prevalence of haplotypes and free-standing mutations was then tracked monthly in various latitude corridors of the world. Results: A chronology of 22 haplotypes defined three phases driven by protein flexibility-rigidity, environmental sensing, and immune escape. A network of haplotypes illustrated the recruitment and coalescence of mutations into major VOC constellations and seasonal effects of decoupling and loss. Protein interaction networks mediated by haplotypes predicted communications impacting the structure and function of proteins, showing the increasingly central role of molecular interactions involving the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), and membrane (M) proteins. Haplotype markers either affected fusogenic regions while spreading along the sequence of the S-protein or clustered around binding domains. Modeling of protein structure with AlphaFold2 showed that VOC Omicron and one of its haplotypes were major contributors to the distortion of the M-protein endodomain, which behaves as a receptor of other structural proteins during virion assembly. Remarkably, VOC constellations acted cooperatively to balance the more extreme effects of individual haplotypes. Conclusions: Our study uncovers seasonal patterns of emergence and diversification occurring amid a highly dynamic evolutionary landscape of bursts and waves. The mapping of genetically-linked mutations to structures that sense environmental change with powerful ab initio modeling tools demonstrates the potential of deep-learning for COVID-19 predictive intelligence and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tre Tomaszewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif Ali
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- C. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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8
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Yang ML, Chen YC, Wang CT, Chong HE, Chung NH, Leu CH, Liu FT, Lai MMC, Ling P, Wu CL, Shiau AL. Upregulation of galectin-3 in influenza A virus infection promotes viral RNA synthesis through its association with viral PA protein. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:14. [PMID: 36823664 PMCID: PMC9948428 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is one of the most important viral infections globally. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consists of the PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, and the amino acid residues of each subunit are highly conserved among influenza A virus (IAV) strains. Due to the high mutation rate and emergence of drug resistance, new antiviral strategies are needed. Host cell factors are involved in the transcription and replication of influenza virus. Here, we investigated the role of galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding animal lectin family, in the life cycle of IAV infection in vitro and in mice. METHODS We used galectin-3 knockout and wild-type mice and cells to study the intracellular role of galectin-3 in influenza pathogenesis. Body weight and survival time of IAV-infected mice were analyzed, and viral production in mouse macrophages and lung fibroblasts was examined. Overexpression and knockdown of galectin-3 in A549 human lung epithelial cells were exploited to assess viral entry, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) import/export, transcription, replication, virion production, as well as interactions between galectin-3 and viral proteins by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, minireplicon, and plaque assays. We also employed recombinant galectin-3 proteins to identify specific step(s) of the viral life cycle that was affected by exogenously added galectin-3 in A549 cells. RESULTS Galectin-3 levels were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs of IAV-infected mice. There was a positive correlation between galectin-3 levels and viral loads. Notably, galectin-3 knockout mice were resistant to IAV infection. Knockdown of galectin-3 significantly reduced the production of viral proteins and virions in A549 cells. While intracellular galectin-3 did not affect viral entry, it increased vRNP nuclear import, RdRp activity, and viral transcription and replication, which were associated with the interaction of galectin-3 with viral PA subunit. Galectin-3 enhanced the interaction between viral PA and PB1 proteins. Moreover, exogenously added recombinant galectin-3 proteins also enhanced viral adsorption and promoted IAV infection in A549 cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that galectin-3 enhances viral infection through increases in vRNP nuclear import and RdRp activity, thereby facilitating viral transcription and replication. Our findings also identify galectin-3 as a potential therapeutic target for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan ,grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Earn Chong
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hui Chung
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsing Leu
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael M. C. Lai
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ling
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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9
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Hsu HM, Yang YY, Huang YH, Chu CH, Tu TJ, Wu YT, Chiang CJ, Yang SB, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Tai JH. Distinct features of the host-parasite interactions between nonadherent and adherent Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011016. [PMID: 36595499 PMCID: PMC9810166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoadherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) was previously shown to involve surface lipoglycans and several reputed adhesins on the parasite. Herein, we report some new observations on the host-parasite interactions of adherent versus nonadherent T. vaginalis isolates to hVECs. The binding of the TH17 adherent isolate to hVECs exhibited an initial discrete phase followed by an aggregation phase inhibited by lactose. T. vaginalis infection immediately induced surface expression of galectin-1 and -3, with extracellular amounts in the spent medium initially decreasing and then increasing thereafter over the next 60 min. Extracellular galectin-1 and -3 were detected on the parasite surface but only the TH17 adherent isolate could uptake galectin-3 via the lysosomes. Only the adherent isolate could morphologically transform from the round-up flagellate with numerous transient protrusions into a flat amoeboid form on contact with the solid surface. Cytochalasin D challenge revealed that actin organization was essential to parasite morphogenesis and cytoadherence. Real-time microscopy showed that parasite exploring and anchoring on hVECs via the axostyle may be required for initial cytoadherence. Together, the parasite cytoskeleton behaviors may collaborate with cell surface adhesion molecules for cytoadherence. The nonadherent isolate migrated faster than the adherent isolate, with motility transiently increasing in the presence of hVECs. Meanwhile, differential histone acetylation was detected between the two isolates. Also, TH17 without Mycoplasma symbiosis suggests that symbiont might not determine TH17 innate cytoadherence. Our findings regarding distinctive host-parasite interactions of the isolates may provide novel insights into T. vaginalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Hsu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jui Tu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Wu
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- High School Talent Student in Life Science Project at Academia Sinica and Taipei Municipal Chenggong High School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Jen Chiang
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- High School Talent Student in Life Science Project at Academia Sinica and Taipei Municipal Chenggong High School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Yang
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel K. Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jung-Hsiang Tai
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Wang W, Liu MY, Fei CJ, Li CH, Chen J. Molecular and functional characterization of a ladderlectin-like molecule from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:419-430. [PMID: 36257553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ladderlectin is a member of C-type lectins (CTLs) in teleost fish and involved in innate immune defense. In this study, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) ladderlecin-like (PaLL-like) sequence was cloned, which encodes a polypeptide of 172 amino acids that includes a signal peptide and characteristic C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs). Phylogenetically, PaLL-like was most closely related to its teleost counterpart from shishamo smelt (Spirinchus lanceolatus). Expression analysis revealed a ubiquitous expression profile, with highest expression detected in liver and its expression was up-regulated following Vibiro anguillarum infection. Similar to canonical CTLs, PaLL-like exhibited carbohydrate-binidng capacities to a wide range of well-defined mono-/di-saccharides and likely confer PaLL-like the ability to agglutinate all tested bacterial, including three Gram-positive species (i.e., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus iniae) and eight Gram-negative species (i.e., Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Vibrio (V.) harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. parahemolyticus, A. versoni and V. vulnificus), in a calcium-dependent manner. Further functional studies revealed that PaLL-like displayed immunomodulatory activities leading to enhanced bactericidal activity of serum, pathogen opsonization and macrophage activation with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., PaIL-1β and PaTNF-α). Collectively, these immunomodulatory activities of PaLL-like suppressed proliferations of V. anguillarum in targeted tissued in vivo and likely contributed to the increased survival rate of infected-fish. Overall, our results demonstrated PaLL-like is a critical component of innate immunity and provides protective effects against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Mei-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chen-Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
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11
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Henderson MI, Eygeris Y, Jozic A, Herrera M, Sahay G. Leveraging Biological Buffers for Efficient Messenger RNA Delivery via Lipid Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4275-4285. [PMID: 36129254 PMCID: PMC9916253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles containing messenger RNA (mRNA-LNPs) have launched to the forefront of nonviral delivery systems with their realized potential during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we investigate the impact of commonly used biological buffers on the performance and durability of mRNA-LNPs. We tested the compatibility of three common buffers─HEPES, Tris, and phosphate-buffered saline─with a DLin-MC3-DMA mRNA-LNP formulation before and after a single controlled freeze-thaw cycle. We hypothesized that buffer composition would affect lipid-aqueous phase separation. Indeed, the buffers imposed structural changes in LNP morphology as indicated by electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane fluidity assays. We employed in vitro and in vivo models to measure mRNA transfection and found that Tris or HEPES-buffered LNPs yielded better cryoprotection and transfection efficiency compared to PBS. Understanding the effects of various buffers on LNP morphology and efficacy provides valuable insights into maintaining the stability of LNPs after long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Henderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Marco Herrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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12
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Ganeshalingam S, Sandamalika WMG, Lim C, Yang H, Liyanage DS, Nadarajapillai K, Jeong T, Lee J. Molecular characterization and expression profiling of tandem-repeat galectin-8 from red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara): Potential antibacterial, antiviral, and wound healing activities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:86-98. [PMID: 34990805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a typical β-galactoside binding lectin, which primarily functions as a pattern recognition receptor and/or danger receptor that is engaged in pathogen recognition by the host innate immune system. Although several fish galectins have been identified, the role of galectin-8 in teleost immunity is still not fully understood. In this study, molecular, transcriptional, and immune-related functions of galectin-8 (EaGal8) from red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) were analyzed. The open reading frame of EaGal8 comprised 960 bp encoding 319 amino acids of a ∼35 kDa protein, composed of the N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains joined by a short hinge peptide. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EaGal8 was closely related to the Epinephelus lanceolatus galectin-8-like protein. Although EaGal8 showed ubiquitous tissue expression, the highest expression level was observed in the blood. Immunostimulants, including lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C), and nervous necrosis virus, significantly upregulated the EaGal8 transcription level in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, recombinant EaGal8 (rEaGal8) showed a binding affinity toward seven different carbohydrates in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, rEaGal8 caused strong agglutination of fish red blood cells and several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus parauberis, Lactococcus garvieae, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the first time in teleosts, we report the wound healing ability of galectin-8 in this study. At low concentrations, rEaGal8 showed potential wound healing responses in FHM cells, in vitro. Thus, this study reinforces the role of EaGal8 in innate immune responses against bacterial and viral infections and wound healing in red-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subothini Ganeshalingam
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ayona D, Zarza SM, Landemarre L, Roubinet B, Decloquement P, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Desnues B. Human galectin-1 and galectin-3 promote Tropheryma whipplei infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33573443 PMCID: PMC7889132 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1884515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei, is an actinobacterium that causes different infections in humans, including Whipple's disease. The bacterium infects and replicates in macrophages, leading to a Th2-biased immune response. Previous studies have shown that T. whipplei harbors complex surface glycoproteins with evidence of sialylation. However, the exact contribution of these glycoproteins for infection and survival remains obscure. To address this, we characterized the bacterial glycoprofile and evaluated the involvement of human β-galactoside-binding lectins, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) which are highly expressed by macrophages as receptors for bacterial glycans. Tropheryma whipplei glycoproteins harbor different sugars including glucose, mannose, fucose, β-galactose and sialic acid. Mass spectrometry identification revealed that these glycoproteins were membrane- and virulence-associated glycoproteins. Most of these glycoproteins are highly sialylated and N-glycosylated while some of them are rich in poly-N-acetyllactosamine (Poly-LAcNAc) and bind Gal-1 and Gal-3. In vitro, T. whipplei modulates the expression and cellular distribution of Gal-1 and Gal-3. Although both galectins promote T. whipplei infection by enhancing bacterial cell entry, only Gal-3 is required for optimal bacterial uptake. Finally, we found that serum levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 were altered in patients with T. whipplei infections as compared to healthy individuals, suggesting that galectins are also involved in vivo. Among T. whipplei membrane-associated proteins, poly-LacNAc rich-glycoproteins promote infection through interaction with galectins. T. whipplei modulates the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Drugs interfering with galectin-glycan interactions may provide new avenues for the treatment and diagnosis of T. whipplei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyoly Ayona
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benoît Roubinet
- Glycodiag, Rue De Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Decloquement
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, Marseille, France,Pierre-Edouard Fournier Aix Marseille Univ, VITROME, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,CONTACT Benoit Desnues MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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14
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Singh RP, Niharika J, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M, Tingirikari JMR. Recent understanding of human milk oligosaccharides in establishing infant gut microbiome and roles in immune system. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110884. [PMID: 34980411 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars with distinctive structural diversity present in breast milk. HMOs have various functional roles to play in infant development starting from establishing the gut microbiome and immune system to take it up to the mature phase. It has been a major energy source for human gut microbes that confer positive benefits on infant health by directly interacting through intestinal cells and generating short-chain fatty acids. It has recently become evident that each species of Bifidobacterium and other genera which are resident of the infant gut employ distinct molecular mechanisms to capture and digest diverse structural HMOs to avoid competition among themselves and successfully maintain gut homeostasis. HMOs also directly modulate gut immune responses and can decoy receptors of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, inhibiting their binding on intestinal cells, thus preventing the emergence of a disease. This review provides a critical understanding of how different gut bacteria capture and utilize selective sugars from the HMO pool and how different structural HMOs protect infants from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Laboratory of Gut Glycobiology, Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Jayashree Niharika
- Laboratory of Gut Glycobiology, Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Jagan Mohan Rao Tingirikari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India
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15
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Girardi B, Manna M, Van Klaveren S, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Ricklin D, Mravljak J, Schwardt O, Anderluh M. Selective Monovalent Galectin-8 Ligands Based on 3-Lactoylgalactoside. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100514. [PMID: 34613662 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 has gained attention as a potential new pharmacological target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and disorders associated with bone mass reduction. To that end, new molecular probes are needed in order to better understand its role and its functions. Herein we aimed to improve the affinity and target selectivity of a recently published galectin-8 ligand, 3-O-[1-carboxyethyl]-β-d-galactopyranoside, by introducing modifications at positions 1 and 3 of the galactose. Affinity data measured by fluorescence polarization show that the most potent compound reached a KD of 12 μM. Furthermore, reasonable selectivity versus other galectins was achieved, making the highlighted compound a promising lead for the development of new selective and potent ligands for galectin-8 as molecular probes to examine the protein's role in cell-based and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Girardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Manna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors Van Klaveren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Wu B, Song Q, Li W, Xie Y, Luo S, Tian Q, Zhao R, Liu T, Wang Z, Han F. Characterization and functional study of a chimera galectin from yellow drum Nibea albiflora. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:361-372. [PMID: 34314796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are protein that participates in a variety of immune responses in the process of pathogenic infections. In the present study, a chimera galectin gene was screened from the transcriptome database of Nibea albiflora, which was named as YdGal-3. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA transcripts of YdGal-3 were ubiquitously distributed in all the detected tissues. After infection with Vibrio harveyi, the expression of YdGal-3 in liver, spleen, and head kidney increased significantly. Immunohistochemistry showed that YdGal-3 protein was widely expressed in the head kidney. The purified YdGal-3 protein by prokaryotic expression agglutinated red blood cells. Sugar inhibition assay showed that the agglutinating activity of YdGal-3 protein was inhibited by different sugars including lactose, D-galactose, and lipopolysaccharide. In addition, we mutated YdGal-3 His 294 into proline (P), alanine (A), glycine (G), and aspartic acid (D), it was further proved that the residue plays a key role in agglutination. YdGal-3 agglutinated some gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. harveyi, and Aeromonas hydrophila, and exhibited antibacterial activity. These results suggested that YdGal-3 protein played an important role in the innate immunity of N. albiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing Song
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yangjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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17
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Lightfoot A, McGettrick HM, Iqbal AJ. Vascular Endothelial Galectins in Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687711. [PMID: 34140956 PMCID: PMC8204101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury is a crucial event in the regulation of an inflammatory response. Tight regulation of interactions between the endothelium and circulating leukocytes is necessary to ensure a protective response to injury does not result in inflammatory disease. Rising interest in the broad immunoregulatory roles displayed by members of the glycan-binding galectin family suggests that these proteins could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, since their expression is significantly altered in disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of galectins in leukocyte trafficking during inflammation and the clinical approaches being taken to target these interactions for treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Lin CY, Yang ZS, Wang WH, Urbina AN, Lin YT, Huang JC, Liu FT, Wang SF. The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection-An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:490. [PMID: 34065500 PMCID: PMC8160607 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Thus, we aim to review systemically the roles of galectins in their antiviral functions against IAVs. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select the eligible articles. Results indicated that only Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9 were reported to play a regulatory role in IAV infection. These regulatory effects occur extracellularly, through their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) interacting with glycans expressed on the virus surface, as well as endogenously, in a cell-cell interaction manner. The inhibition effects induced by galectins on IAV infection were through blocking virus-host receptors interaction, activation of NLRP-3 inflammasome, augment expression of antiviral genes and related cytokines, as well as stimulation of Tim-3 related signaling to enhance virus-specific T cells and humoral immune response. Combined, this study concludes that currently, only three galectins have reported antiviral capabilities against IAV infection, thereby having the potential to be applied as an alternative anti-influenza therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-S.Y.); (W.-H.W.); (A.N.U.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-S.Y.); (W.-H.W.); (A.N.U.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-S.Y.); (W.-H.W.); (A.N.U.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-S.Y.); (W.-H.W.); (A.N.U.)
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jason C. Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-S.Y.); (W.-H.W.); (A.N.U.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Niu Y, Lin J, Li C, Peng X, Jiang N, Xu Q, Yin M, Lin H, Gu L, Zhao G. Galectin-3 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus keratitis by recruiting neutrophils and activating p38 in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107706. [PMID: 33933850 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in cornea infected by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). METHODS Gal-3 was tested in normal and infected corneas of C57BL/6 mice. Mice corneas were pretreated with or without rmGal-3 or Gal-3 siRNA and infected with A. fumigatus. Recombinant mouse (rm) Gal-3 stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs). PMNs were stimulated with 75% ethanol-killed A. fumigatus with or without pretreatment of Gal-3 siRNA. Disease severity was documented by clinical score and photographs with a slit lamp. PCR, Western blot, and ELISA tested expression of Gal-3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and p-p38. PMNs infiltration was assessed by flow cytometry and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. RESULTS Gal-3 expression was significantly elevated by A. fumigatus in mice corneas. rmGal-3 treatment increased clinical scores, PMNs infiltration, and cytokines expression, which were decreased by Gal-3 siRNA treatment. In PMNs, Gal-3 expression was also significantly increased by A. fumigatus. The rmGal-3 treatment upregulated proinflammatory cytokines secretion and p-p38 expression, which was significantly inhibited by Gal-3 siRNA. CONCLUSION These data proved that A. fumigatus increased Gal-3 expression and elevated disease clinical scores, PMNs infiltration and cytokines expression through Gal-3. In PMNs, A. fumigatus upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 secretion through the Gal-3 / p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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