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Liu S, Yang X, Zhao H, Zhao X, Fan K, Liu G, Li X, Du C, Liu J, Ma J. Cathepsin C exacerbates EAE by promoting the expansion of Tfh cells and the formation of TLSs in the CNS. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 123:123-142. [PMID: 39243987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and characterized by immune cell infiltration, demyelination and neurodegeneration, with no definitive cure available. Thus, it is pivotal and imperative to acquire more profound comprehension of the underlying mechanisms implicated in MS. Dysregulated immune responses are widely believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of MS. Recently, a plethora of studies have demonstrated the involvement of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLSs) in the pathogenesis and progression of MS. Cathepsin C (CatC) is a cysteine exopeptidase which is crucial for the activation of immune-cell-associated serine proteinases in many inflammatory diseases in peripheral system, such as rheumatoid arthritis and septicemia. We have previously demonstrated that CatC is involved in neuroinflammation and exacerbates demyelination in both cuprizone-induced and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. However, the underlying immunopathological mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we established a recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide-induced EAE model using conditional CatC overexpression mice to investigate the effects of CatC on the alteration of CD4+ Th subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and T regulatory cells. Our findings demonstrated that CatC particularly enhanced the population of Tfh cell in the brain, resulting in the earlier onset and more severe chronic syndrome of EAE. Furthermore, CatC promoted the formation of TLSs in the brain, leading to persistent neuroinflammation and exacerbating the severity of EAE in the chronic phase. Conversely, treatment with AZD7986, a specific inhibitor of CatC, effectively attenuated the syndrome of EAE and its effects caused by CatC both in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide a novel insight into the critical role of CatC in innate and adaptive immunity in EAE, and specific inhibitor of CatC, AZD7986, may contribute to potential therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Henan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xinnan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Cong Du
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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Bogers L, Rip J, Rijvers L, van Langelaar J, Koetzier SC, Kuiper KL, Meerdink V, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Marques AM, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. Impact of coding risk variant IFNGR2 on the B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103279. [PMID: 38972102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
B cells of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more responsive to IFN-γ, corresponding to their brain-homing potential. We studied how a coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IFNGR2 (rs9808753) co-operates with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection as MS risk factors to affect the IFN-γ signaling pathway in human B cells. In both cell lines and primary cells, EBV infection positively associated with IFN-γ receptor expression and STAT1 phosphorylation. The IFNGR2 risk SNP selectively promoted downstream signaling via STAT1, particularly in transitional B cells. Altogether, EBV and the IFNGR2 risk SNP independently amplify IFN-γ signaling, potentially driving B cells to enter the MS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bogers
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liza Rijvers
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven C Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten L Kuiper
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Meerdink
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana M Marques
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Calabrese M, Preziosa P, Scalfari A, Colato E, Marastoni D, Absinta M, Battaglini M, De Stefano N, Di Filippo M, Hametner S, Howell OW, Inglese M, Lassmann H, Martin R, Nicholas R, Reynolds R, Rocca MA, Tamanti A, Vercellino M, Villar LM, Filippi M, Magliozzi R. Determinants and Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:1-20. [PMID: 38568026 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and underlies the progression of disability, which proceeds relentlessly and independently of clinical and radiological relapses (PIRA). The complex system of pathological events driving "chronic" worsening is likely linked with the early accumulation of compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system as well as insufficient repair phenomena and mitochondrial failure. These mechanisms are partially lesion-independent and differ from those causing clinical relapses and the formation of new focal demyelinating lesions; they lead to neuroaxonal dysfunction and death, myelin loss, glia alterations, and finally, a neuronal network dysfunction outweighing central nervous system (CNS) compensatory mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art of neuropathological, immunological, and imaging knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the smoldering disease activity, focusing on possible early biomarkers and their translation into clinical practice. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Calabrese
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Scalfari
- Centre of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elisa Colato
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Marastoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuropathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Siena Imaging S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Owain W Howell
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Dipartimento di neuroscienze, riabilitazione, oftalmologia, genetica e scienze materno-infantili - DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Martin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Therapeutic Design Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cellerys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Burlington Danes, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Tamanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Vercellino
- Multiple Sclerosis Center & Neurologia I U, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Maria Villar
- Department of Immunology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital. IRYCIS. REI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Ceylan A, Hossain F, Yazdani R, Azizi G. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:355-377. [PMID: 38634438 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. METHODS We searched recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Various animal models have been employed to investigate the MS etiopathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoreactive T cells within the CNS recruit myeloid cells through chemokine expression, leading to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines driving the MS pathogenesis, resulting in demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss. Key players include T cell lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), B cells, and neutrophils. Signaling dysregulation in inflammatory pathways and the immunogenetic basis of MS are essential considerations for any successful therapy to MS. Data indicates that B cells and neutrophils also have significant roles in MS, despite the common belief that T cells are essential. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios correlate with MS severity, indicating their contribution to disease progression. Dysregulated signaling pathways further exacerbate MS progression. CONCLUSION MS remains incurable, but disease-modifying therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs offer hope for patients. Research on the immunogenetics and immunoregulatory functions of gut microbiota is continuing to provide light on possible treatment avenues. Understanding the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation is critical for developing effective treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ayca Ceylan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fariha Hossain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Yanagihara T, Hata K, Matsubara K, Kunimura K, Suzuki K, Tsubouchi K, Ikegame S, Baba Y, Fukui Y, Okamoto I. Exploratory mass cytometry analysis reveals immunophenotypes of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis. eLife 2024; 12:RP87288. [PMID: 38607373 PMCID: PMC11014725 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatments can result in various adverse effects, including infections due to immune suppression/dysregulation and drug-induced toxicity in the lung. One of the major opportunistic infections is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), which can cause severe respiratory complications and high mortality rates. Cytotoxic drugs and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Nonetheless, the differentiation of these diseases can be difficult, and the pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases are not yet fully understood. To better comprehend the immunophenotypes, we conducted an exploratory mass cytometry analysis of immune cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with PCP, cytotoxic drug-induced ILD (DI-ILD), and ICI-associated ILD (ICI-ILD) using two panels containing 64 markers. In PCP, we observed an expansion of the CD16+ T cell population, with the highest CD16+ T proportion in a fatal case. In ICI-ILD, we found an increase in CD57+ CD8+ T cells expressing immune checkpoints (TIGIT+ LAG3+ TIM-3+ PD-1+), FCRL5+ B cells, and CCR2+ CCR5+ CD14+ monocytes. These findings uncover the diverse immunophenotypes and possible pathomechanisms of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Fukuoka National HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Kentaro Hata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Amano E, Sato W, Kimura Y, Kimura A, Lin Y, Okamoto T, Sato N, Yokota T, Yamamura T. CD11c high B Cell Expansion Is Associated With Severity and Brain Atrophy in Neuromyelitis Optica. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200206. [PMID: 38350043 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy mediated by anti-AQP4 antibody-producing B cells. Recently, a B-cell subset highly expressing CD11c and T-bet, originally identified as age-associated B cells, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of CD11chigh B cells per CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with NMO and the clinical profiles including the brain volume. METHODS In this observational study, 45 patients with anti-AQP4 antibody-positive NMO in remission and 30 healthy control subjects (HCs) were enrolled. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for immune cell phenotypes. The frequency of CD11chigh B cells per CD19+ B cells was assessed by flow cytometry and was evaluated in association with the clinical profiles of patients. Brain MRI data from 26 patients were included in the study for the analysis on the correlation between CD11chigh B-cell frequency and brain atrophy. RESULTS We found that the frequency of CD11chigh B cells in CD19+ B cells was significantly increased in patients with NMO compared with HCs. The expansion of CD11chigh B cells significantly correlated with EDSS, past relapse numbers, and disease duration. In addition, a higher frequency of CD11chigh B cells negatively correlated with total brain, white matter, and gray matter volumes and positively correlated with T2/FLAIR high lesion volumes. When the past clinical relapse episodes of patients with or without the expansion of CD11chigh B cells were compared, relapses in the brain occurred more frequently in patients with CD11chigh B-cell expansion. CD11chigh B cells had distinct features including expression of chemokine receptors associated with migration into peripheral inflammatory tissues and antigen presentation. CD11chigh B-cell frequency was positively correlated with T peripheral helper-1 (Tph-1) cell frequency. DISCUSSION Even during the relapse-free period, CD11chigh B cells could expand in the long disease context, possibly through the interaction with Tph-1 cells. The increased frequency of CD11chigh B cells associated with brain atrophy and disease severity, indicating that this cell population could be involved in chronic neuroinflammation in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Amano
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakiro Sato
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youwei Lin
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okamoto
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- From the Department of Immunology (E.A., W.S., A.K., T. Yamamura), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (E.A., T. Yokota), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo; Department of Radiology (Y.K., N.S.); and Department of Neurology (Y.L., T.O.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Vakrakou AG, Brinia ME, Alexaki A, Koumasopoulos E, Stathopoulos P, Evangelopoulos ME, Stefanis L, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Kilidireas C. Multiple faces of multiple sclerosis in the era of highly efficient treatment modalities: Lymphopenia and switching treatment options challenges daily practice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111192. [PMID: 37951198 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The expanded treatment landscape in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) has resulted in highly effective treatment options and complexity in managing disease- or drug-related events during disease progression. Proper decision-making requires thorough knowledge of the immunobiology of MS itself and an understanding of the main principles behind the mechanisms that lead to secondary autoimmunity affecting organs other than the central nervous system as well as opportunistic infections. The immune system is highly adapted to both environmental and disease-modifying agents. Immune reconstitution following cell depletion or cell entrapment therapies eliminates pathogenic aspects of the disease but can also lead to distorted immune responses with harmful effects. Atypical relapses occur with second-line treatments or after their discontinuation and require appropriate clinical decisions. Lymphopenia is a result of the mechanism of action of many drugs used to treat MS. However, persistent lymphopenia and cell-specific lymphopenia could result in disease exacerbation, secondary autoimmunity, or the emergence of opportunistic infections. Clinicians treating patients with MS should be aware of the multiple faces of MS under novel, efficient treatment modalities and understand the intricate brain-immune cell interactions in the context of an altered immune system. MS relapses and disease progression still occur despite the current treatment modalities and are mediated either by failure to control effector mechanisms inherent to MS pathophysiology or by new drug-related mechanisms. The multiple faces of MS due to the highly adapted immune system of patients impose the need for appropriate switching therapies that safeguard disease remission and further clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Maria-Evgenia Brinia
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Alexaki
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koumasopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Stathopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
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8
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Bogers L, Kuiper KL, Smolders J, Rip J, van Luijn MM. Epstein-Barr virus and genetic risk variants as determinants of T-bet + B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:66-74. [PMID: 37451321 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet are found to have a protective role in viral infections, but are also considered major players in the onset of different types of autoimmune diseases. Currently, the exact mechanisms driving such 'atypical' memory B cells to contribute to protective immunity or autoimmunity are unclear. In addition to general autoimmune-related factors including sex and age, the ways T-bet+ B cells instigate autoimmune diseases may be determined by the close interplay between genetic risk variants and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The impact of EBV on T-bet+ B cells likely relies on the type of risk variants associated with each autoimmune disease, which may affect their differentiation, migratory routes and effector function. In this hypothesis-driven review, we discuss the lines of evidence pointing to such genetic and/or EBV-mediated influence on T-bet+ B cells in a range of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). We provide examples of how genetic risk variants can be linked to certain signaling pathways and are differentially affected by EBV to shape T-bet+ B-cells. Finally, we propose options to improve current treatment of B cell-related autoimmune diseases by more selective targeting of pathways that are critical for pathogenic T-bet+ B-cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bogers
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten L Kuiper
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands; MS Center ErasMS, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology research group, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
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9
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Brocard G, Casey R, Dufay N, Marignier R, Michel L, Hisbergues M, Ayrignac X, Lehmann S, Thouvenot E, Gallot G, Collongues N, Herpe YE, Lebrun-Frenay C, Cotton F, De Sèze J, Guillemin F, Moreau T, Pelletier J, Stankoff B, Vukusic S, Zephir H, Laplaud D. The biological sample collection of the OFSEP French MS registry: An essential tool dedicated to researchers. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 77:104872. [PMID: 37453261 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Today's medicine strives to be personalized, preventive, predictive and participatory. This implies to have access to multimodal data to better characterize patients groups and to combine clinical and imaging data with high-quality biological samples. Collecting such data is one of the objectives of the Observatoire français de la sclérose en plaques (OFSEP), the French MS registry. On December 2022, the OFSEP biocollection includes 4,888 patients with scientific characteristics and about 90,000 samples. Thanks to its richness, this biocollection open for the scientific community, contributes to address unmet needs in MS through identification of multiomics determinants of MS activity, progression and secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brocard
- Lyon University, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurology Department, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, F-69677, Bron, France; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 and CNRS UMR 5292, F-69003, Lyon, France; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis, State-Approved Foundation, F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Romain Casey
- Lyon University, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurology Department, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, F-69677, Bron, France; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 and CNRS UMR 5292, F-69003, Lyon, France; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis, State-Approved Foundation, F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Dufay
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Biological Ressource Center (BRIF N BB-0033-00046), F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- Lyon University, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, F-69000, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurology Department, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle (MIRCEM), F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Laure Michel
- Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Clinical Neuroscience Centre, CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Hisbergues
- Lille University Hospital, Inserm, Lille University, Biological Resource Center of CIC 1403 (BRIF N BB-0033-00030), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- University of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Montpellier University, INM INSERM, Montpellier University Hospital IRMB (BRIF N BB-0033-00059), Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- Department of Neurology, Nimes University Hospital, F-30029, Nimes, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Montpellier University, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Geraldine Gallot
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, Biological Resource Center (BRIF N BB-0033-00040), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg, France; Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France; University Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves-Edouard Herpe
- Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Research Department, Biobanque de Picardie (BRIF N BB-0033-00017), F-80000, Amiens, France
| | - Christine Lebrun-Frenay
- Nice Côte d'Azur University UR2CA-URRIS, Pasteur2 University Hospital, Neurology MS Clinic, Nice, France
| | - François Cotton
- MRI Center Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CREATIS - CNRS UMR 5220 & INSERM U1044, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Strasbourg University Hospital, Hautepierre Hospital, Service des Maladies Inflammatoires du Système Nerveux - Neurology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francis Guillemin
- CIC 1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Nancy University Hospital, Inserm and Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, EA4184, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, Timone Hospital, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Neurologie Department, F-13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Lyon University, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurology Department, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, F-69677, Bron, France; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 and CNRS UMR 5292, F-69003, Lyon, France; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis, State-Approved Foundation, F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Zephir
- Lille University, Inserm U1172, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - David Laplaud
- Nantes University Hospital, Neurology Department, CRC-SEP, Nantes University, INSERM, CIC 1413, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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10
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Sadighi Akha AA, Csomós K, Ujházi B, Walter JE, Kumánovics A. Evolving Approach to Clinical Cytometry for Immunodeficiencies and Other Immune Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:467-483. [PMID: 37481324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies were initially identified on the basis of recurrent, severe or unusual infections. Subsequently, it was noted that these diseases can also manifest with autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, lymphoproliferation and malignancy, hence a conceptual change and their renaming as inborn errors of immunity. Ongoing advances in flow cytometry provide the opportunity to expand or modify the utility and scope of existing laboratory tests in this field to mirror this conceptual change. Here we have used the B cell subset, variably known as CD21low B cells, age-associated B cells and T-bet+ B cells, as an example to demonstrate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krisztián Csomós
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Boglárka Ujházi
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jolán E Walter
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Attila Kumánovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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11
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Nicholas CA, Smith MJ. Application of single-cell RNA sequencing methods to develop B cell targeted treatments for autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103690. [PMID: 37520578 PMCID: PMC10382068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with several transformative advances in single-cell analysis. These new methods along with decades of research and trials with antibody therapeutics and RNA based technologies allowed for highly effective vaccines and treatments to be produced at astonishing speeds. While these tools were initially focused on models of infection, they also show promise in an autoimmune setting. Self-reactive B cells play important roles as antigen-presenting cells and cytokine and autoantibody producers for many autoimmune diseases. Yet, current therapies to target autoreactive B cells deplete all B cells irrespective of their pathogenicity. Development of self-reactive B cell targeting therapies that would spare non-pathogenic B cells are needed to treat disease while allowing effective immune responses to other ailments. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approaches will aid in identification of the pathogenic self-reactive B cells operative in autoimmunity and help with development of more favorable precision targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Nicholas
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mia J. Smith
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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12
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The imbalance of circulating monocyte subgroups with a higher proportion of the CD14+CD16+CD163+ phenotype in patients with preeclampsia. Immunol Lett 2023; 253:1-7. [PMID: 36460232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a major cause of increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, which is closely related to the abnormal maternal immune response. The skew of decidual macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype has been proved to promote the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, it's not easy to monitor the change of decidual macrophage subtypes. The current study aims to examine the distribution of different circulating monocyte subtypes and analyze whether certain monocyte subtypes act as potential clinical indicators for preeclampsia. METHODS A total of 50 pregnant women [mild preeclampsia (n = 20); severe preeclampsia (n = 15); healthy pregnancy (n = 15)] and 15 healthy donors were included in the study. Medical information such as BMI, blood pressure, ALT, creatinine, thrombocyte, etc., were recorded. The frequency of different monocyte subtypes in venous blood were measured by flow cytometry. Serum level of IL-6 was detected using Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000. Serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS A circulating monocyte subset with both M1 and M2 markers (CD14+CD16+CD163+) was found to occupy an obvious higher proportion in the preeclampsia group than in the normal pregnancy group. The ratio of CD206+/CD206- M2-like monocytes was also increased in the preeclampsia group, and meanwhile, it had statistic difference between the mild- and the severe-preeclampsia group. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with the frequency of CD14+CD16+CD163+ intermediate monocytes in the preeclampsia group. CONCLUSIONS The increased proportion of CD14+C16+CD163+ circulating monocytes and the high ratio of CD206+/CD206- M2-like monocytes may act as potential clinical indicators for preeclampsia, with the superiority of convenience and dynamic monitoring.
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13
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Li ZY, Cai ML, Qin Y, Chen Z. Age/autoimmunity-associated B cells in inflammatory arthritis: An emerging therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103307. [PMID: 36817481 PMCID: PMC9933781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs) are a novel B cell subpopulation with a unique transcriptional signature and cell surface phenotype. They are not sensitive to BCR but rely on TLR7 or TLR9 in the context of T cell-derived cytokines for the differentiation. It has been established that aberrant expansion of ABCs is linked to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, we and other groups have shown that increased ABCs is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and have demonstrated their pathogenic role in RA, indicating that targeting specific B cell subsets is a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ABCs, focusing on their emerging role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. A deep understanding of the biology of ABCs in the context of inflammatory settings in vivo will ultimately contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Long Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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14
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Vakrakou AG, Paschalidis N, Pavlos E, Giannouli C, Karathanasis D, Tsipota X, Velonakis G, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Evangelopoulos ME, Stefanis L, Kilidireas C. Specific myeloid signatures in peripheral blood differentiate active and rare clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071623. [PMID: 36761741 PMCID: PMC9905713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology implicates perturbations in adaptive cellular immune responses, predominantly T cells, in Relapsing-Remitting forms (RRMS). Nevertheless, from a clinical perspective MS is a heterogeneous disease reflecting the heterogeneity of involved biological systems. This complexity requires advanced analysis tools at the single-cell level to discover biomarkers for better patient-group stratification. We designed a novel 44-parameter mass cytometry panel to interrogate predominantly the role of effector and regulatory subpopulations of peripheral blood myeloid subsets along with B and T-cells (excluding granulocytes) in MS, assessing three different patient cohorts: RRMS, PPMS (Primary Progressive) and Tumefactive MS patients (TMS) (n=10, 8, 14 respectively). We further subgrouped our cohort into inactive or active disease stages to capture the early underlying events in disease pathophysiology. Peripheral blood analysis showed that TMS cases belonged to the spectrum of RRMS, whereas PPMS cases displayed different features. In particular, TMS patients during a relapse stage were characterized by a specific subset of CD11c+CD14+ CD33+, CD192+, CD172+-myeloid cells with an alternative phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages (high arginase-1, CD38, HLA-DR-low and endogenous TNF-a production). Moreover, TMS patients in relapse displayed a selective CD4 T-cell lymphopenia of cells with a Th2-like polarised phenotype. PPMS patients did not display substantial differences from healthy controls, apart from a trend toward higher expansion of NK cell subsets. Importantly, we found that myeloid cell populations are reshaped under effective disease-modifying therapy predominantly with glatiramer acetate and to a lesser extent with anti-CD20, suggesting that the identified cell signature represents a specific therapeutic target in TMS. The expanded myeloid signature in TMS patients was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Serum neurofilament light-chain levels confirmed the correlation of this myeloid cell signature with indices of axonal injury. More in-depth analysis of myeloid subsets revealed an increase of a subset of highly cytolytic and terminally differentiated NK cells in PPMS patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (active-PPMS), compared to those without (inactive-PPMS). We have identified previously uncharacterized subsets of circulating myeloid cells and shown them to correlate with distinct disease forms of MS as well as with specific disease states (relapse/remission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Mass Cytometry-CyTOF Laboratory, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Pavlos
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Giannouli
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Karathanasis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xristina Tsipota
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
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15
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Mouat IC, Allanach JR, Fettig NM, Fan V, Girard AM, Shanina I, Osborne LC, Vorobeychik G, Horwitz MS. Gammaherpesvirus infection drives age-associated B cells toward pathogenicity in EAE and MS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade6844. [PMID: 36427301 PMCID: PMC9699667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
While age-associated B cells (ABCs) are known to expand and persist following viral infection and during autoimmunity, their interactions are yet to be studied together in these contexts. Here, we directly compared CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs using models of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68), multiple sclerosis (MS), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and found that each drives the ABC population to opposing phenotypes. EBV infection has long been implicated in MS, and we have previously shown that latent γHV68 infection exacerbates EAE. Here, we demonstrate that ABCs are required for γHV68-enhanced disease. We then show that the circulating ABC population is expanded and phenotypically altered in people with relapsing MS. In this study, we show that viral infection and autoimmunity differentially affect the phenotype of ABCs in humans and mice, and we identify ABCs as functional mediators of viral-enhanced autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C. Mouat
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica R. Allanach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naomi M. Fettig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vina Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna M. Girard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Iryna Shanina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa C. Osborne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Galina Vorobeychik
- Fraser Health Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc S. Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Morille J, Mandon M, Rodriguez S, Roulois D, Leonard S, Garcia A, Wiertlewski S, Le Page E, Berthelot L, Nicot A, Mathé C, Lejeune F, Tarte K, Delaloy C, Amé P, Laplaud D, Michel L. Multiple Sclerosis CSF Is Enriched With Follicular T Cells Displaying a Th1/Eomes Signature. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200033. [PMID: 36266053 PMCID: PMC9585484 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tertiary lymphoid structures and aggregates are reported in the meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially at the progressive stage, and are strongly associated with cortical lesions and disability. Besides B cells, these structures comprise follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that are crucial to support B-cell differentiation. Tfh cells play a pivotal role in amplifying autoreactive B cells and promoting autoantibody production in several autoimmune diseases, but very few are known in MS. In this study, we examined the phenotype, frequency, and transcriptome of circulating cTfh cells in the blood and CSF of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS The phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were analyzed in the blood of 39 healthy controls and 41 untreated patients with RRMS and in the CSF and paired blood of 10 patients with drug-naive RRMS at diagnosis by flow cytometry. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier, we assessed the transendothelial migratory abilities of the different cTfh-cell subsets. Finally, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of paired CSF cTfh cells and blood cTfh cells in 8 patients sampled at their first demyelinating event. RESULTS The blood phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were not significantly modified in patients with RRMS. In the CSF, we found an important infiltration of Tfh1 cells, with a high proportion of activated PD1+ cells. We demonstrated that the specific subset of Tfh1 cells presents increased migration abilities to cross an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier. Of interest, even at the first demyelinating event, cTfh cells in the CSF display specific characteristics with upregulation of EOMES gene and proinflammatory/cytotoxic transcriptomic signature able to efficiently distinguish cTfh cells from the CSF and blood. Finally, interactome analysis revealed potential strong cross talk between pathogenic B cells and CSF cTfh cells, pointing out the CSF as opportune supportive compartment and highlighting the very early implication of B-cell helper T cells in MS pathogenesis. DISCUSSION Overall, CSF enrichment in activated Tfh1 as soon as disease diagnosis, associated with high expression of EOMES, and a predicted high propensity to interact with CSF B cells suggest that these cells probably contribute to disease onset and/or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Morille
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Marion Mandon
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Stéphane Rodriguez
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Roulois
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Simon Leonard
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Sandrine Wiertlewski
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Camille Mathé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Flora Lejeune
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Karin Tarte
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Céline Delaloy
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Patricia Amé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Laplaud
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laure Michel
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University.
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Single-Cell Analysis to Better Understand the Mechanisms Involved in MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012142. [PMID: 36292995 PMCID: PMC9602568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Although this disease is widely studied, many of the precise mechanisms involved are still not well known. Numerous studies currently focusing on multiple sclerosis highlight the involvement of many major immune cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and more recently B cells. However, our vision of its pathology has remained too broad to allow the proper use of targeted therapeutics. This past decade, new technologies have emerged, enabling deeper research into the different cell subsets at the single-cell level both in the periphery and in the central nervous system. These technologies could allow us to identify new cell populations involved in the disease process and new therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly introduce the major single-cell technologies currently used in studies before diving into the major findings from the multiple sclerosis research from the past 5 years. We focus on results that were obtained using single-cell technologies to study immune cells and cells from the central nervous system.
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Mouat IC, Goldberg E, Horwitz MS. Age-associated B cells in autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:402. [PMID: 35798993 PMCID: PMC9263041 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a transcriptionally and functionally unique B cell population. In addition to arising with age and following infection, ABCs are expanded during autoimmune disease, including those with systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The exact nature of how ABCs impact disease remains unclear. Here, we review what is known regarding ABC development and distribution during diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We discuss possible mechanisms by which ABCs could contribute to disease, including the production of cytokines and autoantibodies or stimulation of T cells. Finally, we speculate on how ABCs might act as mediators between sex, infection, and autoimmune disease, and discuss avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Mouat
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Goldberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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19
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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20
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Rival M, Galoppin M, Thouvenot E. Biological Markers in Early Multiple Sclerosis: the Paved Way for Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866092. [PMID: 35572543 PMCID: PMC9094445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is characterized by MRI-typical brain lesions fulfilling the 2009 Okuda criteria, detected in patients without clinical conditions suggestive of MS. Half of all RIS patients convert to MS within 10 years. The individual course of the disease, however, is highly variable with 12% of RIS converting directly to progressive MS. Demographic and imaging markers have been associated with the risk of clinical MS in RIS: male sex, younger age, infra-tentorial, and spinal cord lesions on the index scan and gadolinium-enhancing lesions on index or follow-up scans. Although not considered as a distinct MS phenotype, RIS certainly shares common pathological features with early active and progressive MS. In this review, we specifically focus on biological markers that may help refine the risk stratification of clinical MS and disability for early treatment. Intrathecal B-cell activation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands, elevated kappa free light chains, and cytokine production is specific to MS, whereas neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels reflect disease activity associated with neuroaxonal injury. Specific microRNA profiles have been identified in RIS converters in both CSF and blood. CSF levels of chitinases and glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) reflecting astrogliosis might help predict the evolution of RIS to progressive MS. Innovative genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches have provided several new candidate biomarkers to be explored in RIS. Leveraging data from randomized controlled trials and large prospective RIS cohorts with extended follow-up to identify, as early as possible, biomarkers for predicting greater disease severity would be invaluable for counseling patients, managing treatment, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rival
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Manon Galoppin
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital Center, Univ. Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, van Olst L, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Kamermans A, van der Pol SMA, Rodríguez E, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Single-cell profiling reveals periventricular CD56 bright NK cell accumulation in multiple sclerosis. eLife 2022; 11:e73849. [PMID: 35536009 PMCID: PMC9135404 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease characterised by immune cell infiltration resulting in lesions that preferentially affect periventricular areas of the brain. Despite research efforts to define the role of various immune cells in MS pathogenesis, the focus has been on a few immune cell populations while full-spectrum analysis, encompassing others such as natural killer (NK) cells, has not been performed. Here, we used single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) to profile the immune landscape of brain periventricular areas - septum and choroid plexus - and of the circulation from donors with MS, dementia and controls without neurological disease. Using a 37-marker panel, we revealed the infiltration of T cells and antibody-secreting cells in periventricular brain regions and identified a novel NK cell signature specific to MS. CD56bright NK cells were accumulated in the septum of MS donors and displayed an activated and migratory phenotype, similar to that of CD56bright NK cells in the circulation. We validated this signature by multiplex immunohistochemistry and found that the number of NK cells with high expression of granzyme K, typical of the CD56bright subset, was increased in both periventricular lesions and the choroid plexus of donors with MS. Together, our multi-tissue single-cell data shows that CD56bright NK cells accumulate in the periventricular brain regions of MS patients, bringing NK cells back to the spotlight of MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lynn van Olst
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Susanne MA van der Pol
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands
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22
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Leffler J, Trend S, Ward NC, Grau GE, Hawke S, Byrne SN, Kermode AG, French MA, Hart PH. Circulating Memory B Cells in Early Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Increased IgA + Cells, Globally Decreased BAFF-R Expression and an EBV-Related IgM + Cell Signature. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812317. [PMID: 35250986 PMCID: PMC8888440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that results in demyelination of axons, inefficient signal transmission and reduced muscular mobility. Recent findings suggest that B cells play a significant role in disease development and pathology. To further explore this, B cell profiles in peripheral blood from 28 treatment-naive patients with early MS were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to 17 healthy controls. Conventional and algorithm-based analysis revealed a significant increase in MS patients of IgA+ memory B cells (MBC) including CD27+, CD27- and Tbet+ subsets. Screening circulating B cells for markers associated with B cell function revealed a significantly decreased expression of the B cell activation factor receptor (BAFF-R) in MS patients compared to controls. In healthy controls, BAFF-R expression was inversely associated with abundance of differentiated MBC but this was not observed in MS. Instead in MS patients, decreased BAFF-R expression correlated with increased production of proinflammatory TNF following B cell stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that reactivation of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) in MS patients was associated with several phenotypic changes amongst MBCs, particularly increased expression of HLA-DR molecules and markers of a T-bet+ differentiation pathway in IgM+ MBCs. Together, these data suggest that the B cell compartment is dysregulated in MS regarding aberrant MBC homeostasis, driven by reduced BAFF-R expression and EBV reactivation. This study adds further insights into the contribution of B cells to the pathological mechanisms of MS, as well as the complex role of BAFF/BAFF-R signalling in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Georges E Grau
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Hawke
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Immunology Division, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Fleming A, Castro‐Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13139. [PMID: 34978077 PMCID: PMC9285483 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis. The intestinal immune system must tolerate these beneficial commensals, whilst preventing pathogenic organisms from systemic spread. Humoral immunity plays a key role in this process, with large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A secreted into the lumen on a daily basis, regulating the microbiome and preventing bacteria from encroaching on the epithelium. However, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of IgG antibodies in intestinal immunity, including beneficial effects in neonatal immune development, pathogen and tumour resistance, but also of pathological effects in driving chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These antibody isotypes differ in effector function, with IgG exhibiting more proinflammatory capabilities compared with IgA. Therefore, the process that leads to the generation of different antibody isotypes, class-switch recombination (CSR), requires careful regulation and is orchestrated by the immunological cues generated by the prevalent local challenge. In general, an initiating signal such as CD40 ligation on B cells leads to the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), but a second cytokine-mediated signal determines which Ig heavy chain is expressed. Whilst the cytokines driving intestinal IgA responses are well-studied, there is less clarity on how IgG responses are generated in the intestine, and how these cues might become dysfunctional in IBD. Here, we review the key mechanisms regulating class switching to IgA vs IgG in the intestine, processes that could be therapeutically manipulated in infection and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tomas Castro‐Dopico
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUK
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