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Garcia A, Dugast E, Shah S, Morille J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Thouvenot E, De Sèze J, Le Page E, Vukusic S, Maurousset A, Berger E, Casez O, Labauge P, Ruet A, Raposo C, Bakdache F, Buffels R, Le Frère F, Nicot A, Wiertlewski S, Gourraud PA, Berthelot L, Laplaud D. Immune Profiling Reveals the T-Cell Effect of Ocrelizumab in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:10/3/e200091. [PMID: 36810163 PMCID: PMC9944617 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ocrelizumab (OCR), a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is highly efficient in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). We assessed early cellular immune profiles and their association with disease activity at treatment start and under therapy, which may provide new clues on the mechanisms of action of OCR and on the disease pathophysiology. METHODS A first group of 42 patients with an early RR-MS, never exposed to disease-modifying therapy, was included in 11 centers participating to an ancillary study of the ENSEMBLE trial (NCT03085810) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OCR. The phenotypic immune profile was comprehensively assessed by multiparametric spectral flow cytometry at baseline and after 24 and 48 weeks of OCR treatment on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells and analyzed in relation to disease clinical activity. A second group of 13 untreated patients with RR-MS was included for comparative analysis of peripheral blood and CSF. The transcriptomic profile was assessed by single-cell qPCRs of 96 genes of immunologic interest. RESULTS Using an unbiased analysis, we found that OCR as an effect on 4 clusters of CD4+ T cells: one corresponding to naive CD4+ T cells was increased, the other clusters corresponded to effector memory (EM) CD4+CCR6- T cells expressing homing and migration markers, 2 of them also expressing CCR5 and were decreased by the treatment. Of interest, one CD8+ T-cell cluster was decreased by OCR corresponding to EM CCR5-expressing T cells with high expression of the brain homing markers CD49d and CD11a and correlated with the time elapsed since the last relapse. These EM CD8+CCR5+ T cells were enriched in the CSF of patients with RR-MS and corresponded to activated and cytotoxic cells. DISCUSSION Our study provides novel insights into the mode of action of anti-CD20, pointing toward the role of EM T cells, particularly a subset of CD8 T cells expressing CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Laplaud
- From the CHU Nantes (A.G., E.D., S.S., J.M., A.N., S.W., P.-A.G., L.B., D.L.), Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI); CRCSEP (C.L.-F.), CHU de Nice Pasteur 2, Université Nice Côte d'Azur UR2CA URRIS; Service de Neurologie (E.T.), CHU de Nîmes, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Service de Neurologie et Centre d'Investigation Clinique (J.D.S.), CHU de Strasbourg; Service de Neurologie (E.L.P.), CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes; Université de Lyon (S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Service de Neurologie (S.V.), sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple sclerosis (S.V.), state-approved Foundation, Bron; Service de Neurologie (A.M.), CHU Bretonneau, Tours; Service de Neurologie (E.B.), CHU de Besançon; Service de Neurologie (O.C.), CHU de Grenoble; Service de Neurologie (P.L.), CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier; Service de Neurologie (A.R.), CHU de Bordeaux; Université de Bordeaux (A.R.), INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.R., F.B., R.B.) CIC INSERM 1413 (F.L.F., S.W., D.L.), Nantes; CHU Nantes (S.W., D.L.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie; and CHU Nantes (P.-A.G.), Nantes Université, Clinique des données, France.
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Morille J, Mandon M, Rodriguez S, Roulois D, Leonard S, Garcia A, Wiertlewski S, Le Page E, Berthelot L, Nicot A, Mathé C, Lejeune F, Tarte K, Delaloy C, Amé P, Laplaud D, Michel L. Multiple Sclerosis CSF Is Enriched With Follicular T Cells Displaying a Th1/Eomes Signature. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022; 9:9/6/e200033. [PMID: 36266053 PMCID: PMC9585484 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tertiary lymphoid structures and aggregates are reported in the meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially at the progressive stage, and are strongly associated with cortical lesions and disability. Besides B cells, these structures comprise follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that are crucial to support B-cell differentiation. Tfh cells play a pivotal role in amplifying autoreactive B cells and promoting autoantibody production in several autoimmune diseases, but very few are known in MS. In this study, we examined the phenotype, frequency, and transcriptome of circulating cTfh cells in the blood and CSF of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS The phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were analyzed in the blood of 39 healthy controls and 41 untreated patients with RRMS and in the CSF and paired blood of 10 patients with drug-naive RRMS at diagnosis by flow cytometry. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier, we assessed the transendothelial migratory abilities of the different cTfh-cell subsets. Finally, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of paired CSF cTfh cells and blood cTfh cells in 8 patients sampled at their first demyelinating event. RESULTS The blood phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were not significantly modified in patients with RRMS. In the CSF, we found an important infiltration of Tfh1 cells, with a high proportion of activated PD1+ cells. We demonstrated that the specific subset of Tfh1 cells presents increased migration abilities to cross an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier. Of interest, even at the first demyelinating event, cTfh cells in the CSF display specific characteristics with upregulation of EOMES gene and proinflammatory/cytotoxic transcriptomic signature able to efficiently distinguish cTfh cells from the CSF and blood. Finally, interactome analysis revealed potential strong cross talk between pathogenic B cells and CSF cTfh cells, pointing out the CSF as opportune supportive compartment and highlighting the very early implication of B-cell helper T cells in MS pathogenesis. DISCUSSION Overall, CSF enrichment in activated Tfh1 as soon as disease diagnosis, associated with high expression of EOMES, and a predicted high propensity to interact with CSF B cells suggest that these cells probably contribute to disease onset and/or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Morille
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Marion Mandon
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Stéphane Rodriguez
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Roulois
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Simon Leonard
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Sandrine Wiertlewski
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Camille Mathé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Flora Lejeune
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Karin Tarte
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Céline Delaloy
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Patricia Amé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Laplaud
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laure Michel
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University.
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Bosseboeuf A, Allain-Maillet S, Mennesson N, Tallet A, Rossi C, Garderet L, Caillot D, Moreau P, Piver E, Girodon F, Perreault H, Brouard S, Nicot A, Bigot-Corbel E, Hermouet S, Harb J. Pro-inflammatory State in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and in Multiple Myeloma Is Characterized by Low Sialylation of Pathogen-Specific and Other Monoclonal Immunoglobulins. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1347. [PMID: 29098000 PMCID: PMC5653692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) and its pre-cancerous stage monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) allow to study immune responses and the chronology of inflammation in the context of blood malignancies. Both diseases are characterized by the production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (mc Ig) which for subsets of MGUS and MM patients targets pathogens known to cause latent infection, a major cause of inflammation. Inflammation may influence the structure of both polyclonal (pc) Ig and mc Ig produced by malignant plasma cells via the sialylation of Ig Fc fragment. Here, we characterized the sialylation of purified mc and pc IgGs from 148 MGUS and MM patients, in comparison to pc IgGs from 46 healthy volunteers. The inflammatory state of patients was assessed by the quantification in serum of 40 inflammation-linked cytokines, using Luminex technology. While pc IgGs from MGUS and MM patients showed heterogeneity in sialylation level, mc IgGs from both MGUS and MM patients exhibited a very low level of sialylation. Furthermore, mc IgGs from MM patients were less sialylated than mc IgGs from MGUS patients (p < 0.01), and mc IgGs found to target an infectious pathogen showed a lower level of sialylation than mc IgGs of undetermined specificity (p = 0.048). Regarding inflammation, 14 cytokines were similarly elevated with a p value < 0.0001 in MGUS and in MM compared to healthy controls. MM differed from MGUS by higher levels of HGF, IL-11, RANTES and SDF-1-α (p < 0.05). MGUS and MM patients presenting with hyposialylated pc IgGs had significantly higher levels of HGF, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, TGF-β1, IL-17, and IL-33 compared to patients with hyper-sialylated pc IgGs (p < 0.05). In MGUS and in MM, the degree of sialylation of mc and pc IgGs and the levels of four cytokines important for the anti-microbial response were correlated, either positively (IFN-α2, IL-13) or negatively (IL-17, IL-33). Thus in MGUS as in MM, hyposialylation of mc IgGs is concomitant with increased levels of cytokines that play a major role in inflammation and anti-microbial response, which implies that infection, inflammation, and abnormal immune response contribute to the pathogenesis of MGUS and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bosseboeuf
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Allain-Maillet
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cédric Rossi
- Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Garderet
- UMRS938, INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Département d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR966, INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Tours, France
| | - François Girodon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- CRCINA, INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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4
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Le Berre L, Rousse J, Gourraud PA, Imbert-Marcille BM, Salama A, Evanno G, Semana G, Nicot A, Dugast E, Guérif P, Adjaoud C, Freour T, Brouard S, Agbalika F, Marignier R, Brassat D, Laplaud DA, Drouet E, Van Pesch V, Soulillou JP. Decrease of blood anti-α1,3 Galactose Abs levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:128-135. [PMID: 28506921 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains elusive. Among the possible causes, the increase of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies during EBV primo-infection of Infectious mononucleosis (IMN) may damage the integrity of the blood-brain barrier facilitating the transfer of EBV-infected B cells and anti-EBV T cell clones in the brain. We investigated the change in titers of anti-Neu5Gc and anti-α1,3 Galactose antibodies in 49 IMN, in 76 MS, and 73 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients, as well as age/gender-matched healthy individuals. Anti-Gal and anti-Neu5Gc are significantly increased during IMN (p=0.02 and p<1.10-4 respectively), but not in acute CMV primo-infection. We show that, whereas there was no change in anti-Neu5Gc in MS/CIS, the two populations exhibit a significant decrease in anti-Gal (combined p=2.7.10-3), in contrast with patients with non-MS/CIS central nervous system pathologies. Since anti-Gal result from an immunization against α1,3 Gal, lacking in humans but produced in the gut, our data suggest that CIS and MS patients have an altered microbiota or an altered response to this microbiotic epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le Berre
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - J Rousse
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Xenothera, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - P-A Gourraud
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B-M Imbert-Marcille
- EA 4271 - Immunovirologie et Polymorphisme Génétique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, F44093, France
| | - A Salama
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Xenothera, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - G Evanno
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Xenothera, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - G Semana
- INSERM, UMR 917 - University of Rennes, Rennes, F35016 France; EFS Bretagne Rennes, F35016 France
| | - A Nicot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E Dugast
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P Guérif
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Adjaoud
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nantes - Ecole Sages Femmes - Hopital Mere Enfant, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - T Freour
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F44093 France
| | - S Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F Agbalika
- Unit of Virology, Saint-Louis Hospital AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris VII F75010, France
| | - R Marignier
- INSERM UMR 1028 - Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Faculté de médecine - RTH Laënnec, Lyon, F69372 France
| | - D Brassat
- Department of Neurology - CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, F31300 France
| | - D-A Laplaud
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E Drouet
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS CEA UGA 5545 CEA, CNRS 38044 Grenoble, F38042 France
| | - V Van Pesch
- Unité de Neurochimie, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - J-P Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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5
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Lounnas M, Correa AC, Vázquez AA, Dia A, Escobar JS, Nicot A, Arenas J, Ayaqui R, Dubois MP, Gimenez T, Gutiérrez A, González-Ramírez C, Noya O, Prepelitchi L, Uribe N, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Yong M, David P, Loker ES, Jarne P, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Self-fertilization, long-distance flash invasion and biogeography shape the population structure ofPseudosuccinea columellaat the worldwide scale. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:887-903. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lounnas
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - A. C. Correa
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - A. A. Vázquez
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Laboratorio de Malacología; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí; Apartado Postal 601, Marianao 13 La Habana Cuba
| | - A. Dia
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - J. S. Escobar
- Vidarium Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center; Grupo Empresarial Nutresa; Calle 8 sur #50-67 Medellín Colombia
| | - A. Nicot
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - J. Arenas
- Facultad de Biología Marina; Universidad Científica del Sur; Lima Perú
| | - R. Ayaqui
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología de la; Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín; Arequipa Perú
| | - M. P. Dubois
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d'Evolution; UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - T. Gimenez
- Departamento de Parasitología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Casilla 1061 San Lorenzo Paraguay
| | - A. Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Malacología; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí; Apartado Postal 601, Marianao 13 La Habana Cuba
| | - C. González-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Parasitológicas ‘Dr Jesús Moreno Rangel’ Cátedra de Parasitología; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis; Universidad de los Andes; Urb. Campo de Oro 5101 Mérida Venezuela
| | - O. Noya
- Sección de Biohelmintiasis; Instituto de Medicina Tropical; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Central de Venezuela y Centro para Estudios Sobre Malaria; Instituto de Altos Estudios ‘Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón’-Instituto Nacional de Higiene ‘Rafael Rangel’ del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud; Caracas Venezuela
| | - L. Prepelitchi
- Unidad de Ecología de Reservorios y Vectores de Parásitos; Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 4 piso, Laboratorio 55 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
| | - N. Uribe
- Escuela de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico; Facultad de Salud; Universidad Industrial de Santander; Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - C. Wisnivesky-Colli
- Unidad de Ecología de Reservorios y Vectores de Parásitos; Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 4 piso, Laboratorio 55 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina
| | - M. Yong
- Laboratorio de Malacología; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí; Apartado Postal 601, Marianao 13 La Habana Cuba
| | - P. David
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d'Evolution; UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - E. S. Loker
- Department of Biology; Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - P. Jarne
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d'Evolution; UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - J. P. Pointier
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE; CRIOBE Université de Perpignan; 68860 Perpignan-Cedex France
| | - S. Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC; UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2; 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Département de Biologie-Ecologie; Faculté des Sciences - cc 046; Université Montpellier; 4 Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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6
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Abstract
Transgenerational effects of infection have a huge potential to influence the prevalence and intensity of infections in vectors and, by extension, disease epidemiology. These transgenerational effects may increase the fitness of offspring through the transfer of protective immune factors. Alternatively, however, infected mothers may transfer the costs of infection to their offspring. Although transgenerational immune protection has been described in a dozen invertebrate species, we still lack a complete picture of the incidence and importance of transgenerational effects of infection in most invertebrate groups. The existence of transgenerational infection effects in mosquito vectors is of particular interest because of their potential for influencing parasite prevalence and intensity and, by extension, disease transmission. Here we present what we believe to be the first study on transgenerational infection effects in a mosquito vector infected with malaria parasites. The aim of this experiment was to quantify both the benefits and the costs of having an infected mother. We find no evidence of transgenerational protection in response to a Plasmodium infection. Having an infected mother does, however, entail considerable fecundity costs for the offspring: fecundity loss is three times higher in infected offspring issued from infected mothers than in infected offspring issued from uninfected mothers. We discuss the implications of our results and we call for more studies looking at transgenerational effects of infection in disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pigeault
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
| | - J Vézilier
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - A Nicot
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - S Gandon
- CEFE, UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
| | - A Rivero
- MIVEGEC, UMR CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
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7
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Abstract
Invertebrate hosts often bring forward their reproductive effort in response to a parasitic infection. This is widely interpreted as a host-driven response aimed at compensating for the expected losses in future fitness as a result of parasitism. Here we report that mosquitoes bring forward their oviposition schedule when they are infected with Plasmodium, a parasite known to severely curtail mosquito fecundity. This response could aim at compensating for a negative time-dependent effect of the parasite on mosquito fitness, as infected mosquitoes seem to display a strong and progressive decrease in the quality of the eggs they lay. In addition, we show that this shift in oviposition date is dependent on mosquito strain: a comparison of several isogenic mosquitoes strains, one insecticide-susceptible and two insecticide-resistant ones, reveals that only the former shift their oviposition strategy when infected. This pattern suggests the existence of a costly host-driven response to parasitism, as insecticide-resistant mosquitoes have been shown to be in generally poorer condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vézilier
- MIVEGEC (CNRS UMR 5290), Montpellier, France
| | - A Nicot
- CEFE (UMR CNRS 5175), Montpellier, France
| | - S Gandon
- CEFE (UMR CNRS 5175), Montpellier, France
| | - A Rivero
- MIVEGEC (CNRS UMR 5290), Montpellier, France
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8
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Couvrat-Desvergnes G, Salama A, Le Berre L, Evanno G, Viklicky O, Hruba P, Vesely P, Guerif P, Dejoie T, Rousse J, Nicot A, Bach JM, Ang E, Foucher Y, Brouard S, Castagnet S, Giral M, Harb J, Perreault H, Charreau B, Lorent M, Soulillou JP. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin-induced serum sickness disease and human kidney graft survival. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4655-65. [PMID: 26551683 DOI: 10.1172/jci82267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit-generated antithymocyte globulins (ATGs), which target human T cells, are widely used as immunosuppressive agents during treatment of kidney allograft recipients. However, ATGs can induce immune complex diseases, including serum sickness disease (SSD). Rabbit and human IgGs have various antigenic differences, including expression of the sialic acid Neu5Gc and α-1-3-Gal (Gal), which are not synthesized by human beings. Moreover, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies have been shown to preexist and be elicited by immunization in human subjects. This study aimed to assess the effect of SSD on long-term kidney allograft outcome and to compare the immunization status of grafted patients presenting with SSD following ATG induction treatment. METHODS We analyzed data from a cohort of 889 first kidney graft recipients with ATG induction (86 with SSD [SSD(+)] and 803 without SSD [SSD(-)]) from the Données Informatisées et Validées en Transplantation data bank. Two subgroups of SSD(+) and SSD(-) patients that had received ATG induction treatment were then assessed for total anti-ATG, anti-Neu5Gc, and anti-Gal antibodies using ELISA assays on sera before and after transplantation. RESULTS SSD was significantly associated with long-term graft loss (>10 years, P = 0.02). Moreover, SSD(+) patients exhibited significantly elevated titers of anti-ATG (P = 0.043) and anti-Neu5Gc (P = 0.007) IgGs in late post-graft samples compared with SSD(-) recipients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data indicate that SSD is a major contributing factor of late graft loss following ATG induction and that anti-Neu5Gc antibodies increase over time in SSD(+) patients. FUNDING This study was funded by Société d'Accélération du Transfert de Technologies Ouest Valorisation, the European FP7 "Translink" research program, the French National Agency of Research, Labex Transplantex, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.
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9
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Louveau A, Nerrière-Daguin V, Vanhove B, Naveilhan P, Neunlist M, Nicot A, Boudin H. Targeting the CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway with CTLA4-Ig directs microglia toward a repair phenotype and promotes axonal outgrowth. Glia 2015. [PMID: 26212105 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the costimulatory factors widely studied in the immune system is the CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4)-CD80/CD86 pathway, which critically controls the nature and duration of the T-cell response. In the brain, up-regulated expression of CD80/CD86 during inflammation has consistently been reported in microglia. However, the role of CD80/CD86 molecules has mainly been studied in a context of microglia-T cell interactions in pathological conditions, while the function of CD80/CD86 in the regulation of intrinsic brain cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a transgenic pig line in which neurons express releasable CTLA4-Ig, a synthetic molecule mimicking CTLA4 and binding to CD80/CD86. The effects of CTLA4-Ig on brain cells were analyzed after intracerebral transplantation of CTLA4-Ig-expressing neurons or wild-type neurons as control. This model provided in vivo evidence that CTLA4-Ig stimulated axonal outgrowth, in correlation with a shift of the nearby microglia from a compact to a ramified morphology. In a culture system, we found that the CTLA4-Ig-induced morphological change of microglia was mediated through CD86, but not CD80. This was accompanied by microglial up-regulated expression of the anti-inflammatory molecule Arginase 1 and the neurotrophic factor BDNF, in an astrocyte-dependent manner through the purinergic P2Y1 receptor pathway. Our study identifies for the first time CD86 as a key player in the modulation of microglia phenotype and suggests that CTLA4-Ig-derived compounds might represent new tools to manipulate CNS microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Louveau
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN, CHU Nantes, University of Nantes, France
| | | | - Bernard Vanhove
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN, CHU Nantes, University of Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN, CHU Nantes, University of Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 913, IMAD, University of Nantes, France
| | | | - Arnaud Nicot
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN, CHU Nantes, University of Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Boudin
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN, CHU Nantes, University of Nantes, France.,INSERM UMR 913, IMAD, University of Nantes, France
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10
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Zélé F, Nicot A, Berthomieu A, Weill M, Duron O, Rivero A. Wolbachia increases susceptibility to Plasmodium infection in a natural system. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132837. [PMID: 24500167 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current views about the impact of Wolbachia on Plasmodium infections are almost entirely based on data regarding artificially transfected mosquitoes. This work has shown that Wolbachia reduces the intensity of Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, raising the exciting possibility of using Wolbachia to control or limit the spread of malaria. Whether natural Wolbachia infections have the same parasite-inhibiting properties is not yet clear. Wolbachia-mosquito combinations with a long evolutionary history are, however, key for understanding what may happen with Wolbachia-transfected mosquitoes after several generations of coevolution. We investigate this issue using an entirely natural mosquito-Wolbachia-Plasmodium combination. In contrast to most previous studies, which have been centred on the quantification of the midgut stages of Plasmodium, we obtain a measurement of parasitaemia that relates directly to transmission by following infections to the salivary gland stages. We show that Wolbachia increases the susceptibility of Culex pipiens mosquitoes to Plasmodium relictum, significantly increasing the prevalence of salivary gland stage infections. This effect is independent of the density of Wolbachia in the mosquito. These results suggest that naturally Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes may, in fact, be better vectors of malaria than Wolbachia-free ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zélé
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, CNRS (UMR CNRS-UM1-UM2 5290, IRD 224), Centre de Recherche IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier 34394, France, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS (UMR 5554), Université de Montpellier II, , Montpellier 34095, France, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS (UMR 5175), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
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11
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Degauque N, Ngono AE, Akl A, Lepetit M, Crochette R, Giral M, Lepourry J, Pallier A, Castagnet S, Dugast E, Guillot-Gueguen C, Jacq-Foucher M, Saulquin X, Cesbron A, Laplaud D, Nicot A, Brouard S, Soulillou JP. Characterization of antigen-specific B cells using nominal antigen-coated flow-beads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84273. [PMID: 24386360 PMCID: PMC3875494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize the reactivity of B cells against nominal antigens, a method based on the coupling of antigens onto the surface of fluorescent core polystyrene beads was developed. We first demonstrate that murine B cells with a human MOG-specific BCR are able to interact with MOG-coated beads and do not recognize beads coated with human albumin or pp65. B cells purified from human healthy volunteer blood or immunized individuals were tested for their ability to interact with various nominal antigens, including viral, vaccine, self and alloantigens, chosen for their usefulness in studying a variety of pathological processes. A substantial amount of B cells binding self-antigen MOG-coated beads can be detected in normal blood. Furthermore, greater frequencies of B cell against anti-Tetanic Toxin or anti-EBNA1 were observed in primed individuals. This method can reveal increased frequencies of anti-HLA committed B cells in patients with circulating anti-HLA antibodies compared to unsensitized patients and normal individuals. Of interest, those specific CD19 cells were preferentially identified within CD27(-)IgD(+) (i-e naïve) subset. These observations suggest that a broad range of medical situations could benefit from a tool that allows the detection, the quantification and the characterization of antigen-specific blood B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Degauque
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed Akl
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Maud Lepetit
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Crochette
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Lepourry
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Annaick Pallier
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Castagnet
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Xavier Saulquin
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- INSERM, UMR892, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Cesbron
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Laboratoire HLA, Nantes, France
| | - David Laplaud
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- INSERM, CIC 004, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Abstract
Long-lived mosquitoes maximize the chances of Plasmodium transmission. Yet, in spite of decades of research, the effect of Plasmodium parasites on mosquito longevity remains highly controversial. On the one hand, many studies report shorter lifespans in infected mosquitoes. On the other hand, parallel (but separate) studies show that Plasmodium reduces fecundity and imply that this is an adaptive strategy of the parasite aimed at redirecting resources towards longevity. No study till date has, however, investigated fecundity and longevity in the same individuals to see whether this prediction holds. In this study, we follow for both fecundity and longevity in Plasmodium-infected and uninfected mosquitoes using a novel, albeit natural, experimental system. We also explore whether the genetic variations that arise through the evolution of insecticide resistance modulate the effect of Plasmodium on these two life-history traits. We show that (i) a reduction in fecundity in Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes is accompanied by an increase in longevity; (ii) this increase in longevity arises through a trade-off between reproduction and survival; and (iii) in insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, the slope of this trade-off is steeper when the mosquito is infected by Plasmodium (cost of insecticide resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vézilier
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, CNRS UMR-5290, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France.
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13
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a shift in the one host-one parasite paradigm with the realization that, in the field, most hosts are coinfected with multiple parasites. Coinfections are particularly relevant when the host is a vector of diseases, because multiple infections can have drastic consequences for parasite transmission at both the ecological and evolutionary timescales. Wolbachia pipientis is the most common parasitic microorganism in insects, and as such, it is of special interest for understanding the role of coinfections in the outcome of parasite infections. Here, we investigate whether Wolbachia can modulate the effect of Plasmodium on what is, arguably, the most important component of the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes: their longevity. For this purpose, and in contrast to recent studies that have focused on mosquito-Plasmodium and/or mosquito-Wolbachia combinations not found in nature, we work on a Wolbachia-mosquito-Plasmodium triad with a common evolutionary history. Our results show that Wolbachia protects mosquitoes from Plasmodium-induced mortality. The results are consistent across two different strains of Wolbachia and repeatable across two different experimental blocks. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an effect has been shown for Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes and, in particular, in a natural Wolbachia-host combination. We discuss different mechanistic and evolutionary explanations for these results as well as their consequences for Plasmodium transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zélé
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, CNRS (UMR 5290), Centre de Recherche IRD, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Michel L, Salou M, Garcia A, Degauque N, Salmon A, Ngono AE, Nicot A, Wiertlewski S, Soulillou JP, Brouard S, Laplaud D. Natalizumab alters the TCR repertoire after one year of treatment in four MS patients. J Transl Med 2011. [PMCID: PMC3242253 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-s2-p26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
The extensive use of insecticides to control vector populations has lead to the widespread development of different mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Mutations that confer insecticide resistance are often associated to fitness costs that prevent them from spreading to fixation. In vectors, such fitness costs include reductions in preimaginal survival, adult size, longevity, and fecundity. The most commonly invoked explanation for the nature of such pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance is the existence of resource-based trade-offs. According to this hypothesis, insecticide resistance would deplete the energetic stores of vectors, reducing the energy available for other biological functions and generating trade-offs between insecticide resistance and key life history traits. Here we test this hypothesis by quantifying the energetic resources (lipids, glycogen, and glucose) of larvae and adult females of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. resistant to insecticides through two different mechanisms: esterase overproduction and acetylcholinesterase modification. We find that, as expected from trade-off theory, insecticide resistant mosquitoes through the overproduction of esterases contain on average 30% less energetic reserves than their susceptible counterparts. Acetylcholinesterase-modified mosquitoes, however, also showed a significant reduction in energetic resources (20% less). We suggest that, in acetylcholinesterase-modified mosquitoes, resource depletion may not be the result of resource-based trade-offs but a consequence of the hyperactivation of the nervous system. We argue that these results not only provide a mechanistic explanation for the negative pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance on mosquito life history traits but also can have a direct effect on the development of parasites that depend on the vector's energetic reserves to fulfil their own metabolic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rivero
- Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, CNRS, UMR 2724, Centre de Recherche IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France.
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16
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Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that gender affects the susceptibility and course of multiple sclerosis (MS) with a higher disease prevalence and overall better prognosis in women than men. This sex dimorphism may be explained by sex chromosome effects and effects of sex steroid hormones on the immune system, blood brain barrier or parenchymal central nervous system (CNS) cells. The well known improvement in disease during late pregnancy has also been linked to hormonal changes and has stimulated recent clinical studies to determine the efficacy of and tolerance to sex steroid therapeutic approaches. Both clinical and experimental studies indicate that sex steroid supplementation may be beneficial for MS. This could be related to anti-inflammatory actions on the immune system or CNS and to direct neuroprotective properties. Here, clinical and experimental data are reviewed with respect to the effects of sex hormones or gender in the pathology or therapy of MS or its rodent disease models. The different cellular targets as well as some molecular mechanisms likely involved are discussed.
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17
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Toussaint A, Nicot A, Dondaine N, Kretz C, Poirson C, Zanoteli E, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Echaniz-Laguna A, Bomme Ousager L, Krause A, Jern C, Merlini L, Oliveira A, Biancalana V, Mandel J, Laporte J. C.P.4.10 Mutation spectrum of the large GTPase dynamin 2 in autosomal centronuclear myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Baudouin SJ, Pujol F, Nicot A, Kitabgi P, Boudin H. Dendrite-selective redistribution of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 following agonist stimulation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006; 33:160-9. [PMID: 16952464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine SDF-1 is a secreted protein that plays a critical role in several aspects of neuron development through interaction with its unique receptor CXCR4. A key mechanism that controls neuron responsiveness to extracellular signals during neuronal growth is receptor endocytosis. Since we previously reported that SDF-1 regulates axon development without affecting the other neurites, we asked whether this could correlate with a compartment-selective trafficking of CXCR4. We thus studied CXCR4 behavior upon SDF-1 exposure in rat hippocampus slices and in transfected neuron cultures. A massive agonist-induced redistribution of CXCR4 in endosomes was observed in dendrites whereas no modification was evidenced in axons. Our data suggest that CXCR4 trafficking may play a role in mediating selective effects of SDF-1 on distinct neuronal membrane subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane J Baudouin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, I.N.S.E.R.M., Unité 643, I.T.E.R.T, CHU Hotel-Dieu, University of Nantes, 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
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19
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Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) is a secreted protein named for the bristle phenotype observed in Drosophila embryos that lack the corresponding gene. Three homologs have been characterized in vertebrates, all which have critical roles in the development of multiple organ systems. Moreover, these proteins regulate stem cell production and activation during tissue repair after injury, and appear to drive proliferation in a variety of type of tumors, including those arising in the brain, foregut, lung, breast, pancreas, stomach, and prostate. Early evidence from Drosophila, and later work in vertebrates established the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway as a major pathway which opposes HH signaling, doing so by phosphorylating intracellular signaling mediators and targeting them for degradation. Thus, it seems possible that ligands which activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) may act in some cases to oppose or enhance HH signaling. We studied a possible interaction of pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) with sonic hedgehog (SHH) in the developing cerebellum, where both PACAP and SHH are know to act. PACAP and the PAC1-specific agonist, maxadilan, were found to completely block the proliferative action of SHH on developing cerebellar granule neurons. It remains to be determined if HH/GPCR antagonistic interactions play additional important roles in development, plasticity, tissue repair, cancer, and other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Waschek
- Mental Retardation Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Jonsson Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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20
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Nicot A, Kurnellas M, Elkabes S. Temporal pattern of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 expression in the spinal cord correlates with the course of clinical symptoms in two rodent models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21:2660-70. [PMID: 15926914 PMCID: PMC2896333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Axonal/neuronal pathology is an important and early feature of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We have previously reported that the levels of an important neuronal calcium pump, plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 and synaptic proteins, synapsin IIa and syntaxin 1B are decreased in the rat spinal cord at onset of acute EAE. Whether the expression of these genes is restored during neurological recovery and affected in other EAE models is currently unknown. The present study was undertaken to address these issues by use of validated multiplex quantitative real-time RT-PCR with fluoro-primers, western blot and immunocytochemistry. We report that plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2) transcript and protein levels return to control values during recovery from acute disease in the Lewis rat, whereas they are reduced throughout the course of chronic, non-remitting EAE in the C57Bl/6 mouse. These results indicate a close correlation between PMCA2 levels and disease course as defined by clinical scores reflecting motor deficits. Decrease in synapsin IIa expression also correlated with the onset and progression of neurological symptoms, whereas the pattern of syntaxin 1B mRNA and protein expression suggested post-transcriptional regulation. The decrease in PMCA2 transcript and protein levels and the correlation between expression and disease course in two different EAE models further highlight the importance of this calcium pump in neuronal dysfunction during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Nicot
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Newark, NJ, United States.
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21
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Kurnellas MP, Nicot A, Shull GE, Elkabes S. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase deficiency causes neuronal pathology in the spinal cord: a potential mechanism for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2004; 19:298-300. [PMID: 15576480 PMCID: PMC2896328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2549fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction and death of spinal cord neurons are critical determinants of neurological deficits in various pathological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal/axonal damage remain undefined. Our previous studies raised the possibility that a decrease in the levels of plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 (PMCA2), a major pump extruding calcium from neurons, promotes neuronal pathology in the spinal cord during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and after spinal cord trauma. However, the causal relationship between alterations in PMCA2 levels and neuronal injury was not well established. We now report that inhibition of PMCA activity in purified spinal cord neuronal cultures delays calcium clearance, increases the number of nonphosphorylated neurofilament H (SMI-32) immunoreactive cells, and induces swelling and beading of SMI-32-positive neurites. These changes are followed by activation of caspase-3 and neuronal loss. Importantly, the number of spinal cord motor neurons is significantly decreased in PMCA2-deficient mice and the deafwaddler(2J), a mouse with a functionally null mutation in the PMCA2 gene. Our findings suggest that a reduction in PMCA2 level or activity leading to delays in calcium clearance may cause neuronal damage and loss in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Kurnellas
- Neurology and Neuroscience, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs, East Orange, NJ, 07018
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- INSERM EMI 0350, Hôpital St. Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Gary E. Shull
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Neurology and Neuroscience, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs, East Orange, NJ, 07018
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22
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Nicot A, Otto T, Brabet P, Dicicco-Bloom EM. Altered social behavior in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor-deficient mice. J Neurosci 2004; 24:8786-95. [PMID: 15470144 PMCID: PMC6729943 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb plays a critical role in odor discrimination and in processing olfactory cues controlling social behavior in mammals. Given that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1) is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb, we examined its role in regulating olfaction and social investigation. We found that olfactory detection of nonsocial stimuli was similar in PAC1-deficient mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. In contrast, PAC1-deficient mice displayed markedly abnormal social behaviors. PAC1-deficient mice exhibited a faster decrease in social investigation after repeated exposure to social cues or ovariectomized female urine compared with WT mice. Moreover, PAC1-deficient females exhibited delayed affiliative behavior when housed with novel males, and PAC1-deficient males displayed excessive sexual mounting toward both females and males as well as reduced aggression and increased licking and grooming toward intruder males. In aggregate, these results uncover PAC1 signaling as an important factor in the development and/or functioning of neural pathways associated with pheromone processing and the regulation of social interactions in mice. In turn, these studies raise the potential clinical relevance of PACAP signaling dysfunctions in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by social reciprocity impairments such as autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Nicot
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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23
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Nicot A, Ratnakar PV, Ron Y, Chen CC, Elkabes S. Regulation of gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis indicates early neuronal dysfunction. Brain 2003; 126:398-412. [PMID: 12538406 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awg041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS. Whereas oligodendrocytes have been considered the primary neural cell type most affected, recent evidence indicates that axonal and neuronal degeneration also occurs in both multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model reproducing many features of multiple sclerosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal deficits in multiple sclerosis and EAE remain elusive. To address this issue, we have analysed the expression of genes encoding proteins that play critical roles in ion homeostasis, exocytosis, mitochondrial function and impulse conduction in the Lewis rat lumbar spinal cord during the clinical course of acute EAE. Transcript and protein levels of plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (PMCA2), an essential ion pump expressed exclusively in grey matter and involved in Ca(2+) extrusion, synapsin IIa and syntaxin 1B, important regulators of vesicular exocytosis, were dramatically decreased coincident with the onset of clinical symptoms. In contrast, changes in the expression of several other ion pumps, vesicular proteins, mitochondrial enzymes and sodium channels occurred at more advanced disease stages. Moreover, exposure of spinal cord slice cultures to kainic acid significantly reduced PMCA2 mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that glutamate, which recently has been implicated in EAE pathogenesis, suppresses neuronal PMCA2 expression leading to Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis at initial clinical phases. Consequently, perturbations in Ca(2+) balance and neurotransmitter exocytosis may partially underlie aberrant neuronal function and communication at onset of symptoms. Altered mitochondrial function and impulse conduction may exacerbate neurological deficits at subsequent disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Nicot
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
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24
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Nicot A, Lelièvre V, Tam J, Waschek JA, DiCicco-Bloom E. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and sonic hedgehog interact to control cerebellar granule precursor cell proliferation. J Neurosci 2002; 22:9244-54. [PMID: 12417650 PMCID: PMC6758018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although positive and negative signals control neurogenesis in the embryo, factors regulating postnatal proliferation are less well characterized. In the vertebrate cerebellum, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is an efficacious mitogen for cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNPs), and mutations activating the Shh pathway are linked to medulloblastoma, a tumor derived from GNPs. Although the mitogenic effects of Shh can be blocked by increasing cAMP or protein kinase A activity, the physiological factors antagonizing this stimulation are undefined. In the embryo, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor 1 (PAC1) signaling regulates neural precursor proliferation. We now show that in the developing cerebellum, PAC1 mRNA colocalizes with gene transcripts for Shh receptor Patched 1 and target gene Gli1 in the external germinal layer. We consequently investigated the interactions of PACAP and Shh in proliferation of purified GNPs in culture. Shh exhibited mitogenic activity in both rat and mouse cultures, stimulating DNA synthesis approximately 10-fold after 48 hr of exposure. PACAP markedly inhibited Shh-induced thymidine incorporation by 50 and 85% in rat and mouse GNPs, respectively, but did not significantly affect the stimulation induced by other mitogens. This selective effect was reproduced by the specific PAC1 agonist maxadilan, as well as by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, suggesting that PAC1 provides a potent inhibitory signal for Shh-induced proliferation in developing cerebellum. In contrast, in the absence of Shh, PACAP and maxadilan modestly stimulated DNA synthesis, an effect reproduced by activating protein kinase C. These observations suggest that G-protein-coupled receptors, such as PAC1, serve as sensors of environmental cues, coordinating diverse neurogenetic signals.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/drug effects
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Bromodeoxyuridine
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebellum/cytology
- Cerebellum/embryology
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Culture Media/chemistry
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Hedgehog Proteins
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Patched Receptors
- Patched-1 Receptor
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Mating Factor
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Nicot
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Although neurogenesis in the embryo proceeds in a region- or lineage-specific fashion coincident with neuropeptide expression, a regulatory role for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) remains undefined. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates sympathetic neuroblast proliferation, whereas the peptide inhibits embryonic cortical precursor mitosis. Here, by using ectopic expression strategies, we show that the opposing mitogenic effects of PACAP are determined by expression of PACAP receptor splice isoforms and differential coupling to the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, as opposed to differences in cellular context. In embryonic day 14 (E14) cortical precursors transfected with the hop receptor variant, but not cells transfected with the short variant, PACAP activates the PLC pathway, increasing intracellular calcium and eliciting translocation of protein kinase C. Ectopic expression of the hop variant in cortical neuroblasts transforms the antimitotic effect of PACAP into a promitogenic signal. Furthermore, PACAP promitogenic effects required PLC pathway function indicated by antagonist U-73122 studies in hop-transfected cortical cells and native sympathetic neuroblasts. These observations highlight the critical role of lineage-specific expression of GPCR variants in determining mitogenic signaling in neural precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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27
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Nicot A, Ogawa S, Berman Y, Carr KD, Pfaff DW. Effects of an intrahypothalamic injection of antisense oligonucleotides for preproenkephalin mRNA in female rats: evidence for opioid involvement in lordosis reflex. Brain Res 1997; 777:60-8. [PMID: 9449413 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in female rats have shown that estrogen increases preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA levels in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMHVL), an area implicated in the modulation of sexual behavior. In order to assess the physiological role of hypothalamic opioid expression in lordosis reflex 16-mer oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed towards the PPE mRNA were acutely microinjected above the VMH of estradiol-primed ovariectomized rats. Estradiol-induced lordosis behavior was observed in response to a stud male 2 days thereafter. Antisense (without or with 4 mismatches) ODN injections near the VMHVL resulted in a significant reduction in lordosis quotient compared to control (reverse sense) ODN treatment or to antisense ODN injections targeted anterior or posterior to the VMHVL. In contrast, locomotor activity of these animals in the open-field test was not affected by ODN treatments. Enkephalin immunoreactive levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in the preoptic area, a major terminal field of the VMHVL. Estradiol-induced enkephalin levels were greatly reduced in antisense-treated groups. Using the in situ hybridization technique, PPE mRNA levels in the VMHVL were also determined. A 1.5-2-fold increase in PPE mRNA levels was observed in estradiol-treated rats compared to ovariectomized rats as previously described. This increase in PPE mRNA levels was not affected by ODN treatment, suggesting that the reduction of enkephalin expression was mainly due to physical blockade of PPE mRNA translation and not to its degradation. Taken together, these data further support the behavioral role of PPE expressing VMHVL neurons. They also highlight the in vivo potency of acute administration of antisense phosphorothioate ODNs in blocking neuronal target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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28
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Rowe WB, Nicot A, Sharma S, Gully D, Walker CD, Rostène WH, Meaney MJ, Quirion R. Central administration of the neurotensin receptor antagonist, SR48692, modulates diurnal and stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 66:75-85. [PMID: 9263204 DOI: 10.1159/000127223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory suggest that neurotensin (NT) acts centrally to modulate adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone release. In the present studies, we examined hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function under basal conditions and during restraint stress following central administration of the highly specific NT receptor antagonist, SR48692. Chronic delivery of SR48692 to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus via indwelling central cannulae attenuated both the diurnal- and stress-induced elevations in HPA activity. Thus, SR48692 decreased the diurnal increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone during the evening phase of the cycle, but did not affect morning levels. Restraint-induced increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were also significantly reduced in the SR48692-implanted animals. This suggests that the inhibitory effects of SR48692 were restricted to periods of stimulated HPA activity. A decrease in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-like immunoreactivity was observed within the PVN following chronic SR48692, and parallel decreases in CRH-like immunoreactivity were observed within the external zone of the median eminence. These findings suggest that endogenous NT serves to increase HPA activity during periods of enhanced stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Rowe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology/Neurosurgery, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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29
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Nicot A, Rowe WB, De Kloet ER, Betancur C, Jessop DS, Lightman SL, Quirion R, Rostène W, Bérod A. Endogenous neurotensin regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and peptidergic neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9:263-9. [PMID: 9147289 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion depends primarily on hypophysiotrophic factors released from neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, the neurochemical factors controlling these neurons, in particular neuropeptides, have had little investigation. In this study, we have investigated the role of neurotensin in the regulation of the different components of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under basal and stress conditions in rats. For this purpose, animals were implanted with bilateral cannulae filled with crystals of the neurotensin antagonist, SR 48692, and which were located above the paraventricular nucleus. Five days after surgery, the effects of SR 48692 implants were studied on basal and stress-induced secretion of ACTH and corticosterone. Such treatment did not modify plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone in basal conditions but reduced ACTH but not corticosterone levels after tail cut procedure. After an exposure to a novel environment for 30 min, both ACTH and corticosterone plasma levels were reduced in the SR 48692-treated group. In situ hybridization studies revealed that chronic administration of SR 48692 induced a significant reduction of CRF mRNA levels in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, a 2-fold increase in basal levels of plasma vasopressin associated with an increase in vasopressin mRNA levels in the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus was also detected. Finally, the basal plasma levels of oxytocin were not affected by the same treatment. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that endogenous neurotensin in the paraventricular nucleus plays a tonic stimulatory role on HPA axis activity and an inhibitory effect on vasopressin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- INSERM U339, Centre de Recherche INSERM Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Nicot A, Pfaff DW. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as specific tools for studying neuroendocrine and behavioral functions: some prospects and problems. J Neurosci Methods 1997; 71:45-53. [PMID: 9125374 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can inhibit the expression of a gene in a sequence-specific manner at the translational level. Their potential use to understand the role of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters in neuroendocrine and behavioral functions, and perhaps for therapeutic gene suppression, has become of great interest in neuroscience, especially in the cases of absence of available specific antagonists. Whether their action can be fully specific to the target gene and not only sequence-specific is, however, the main question about their application to brain studies. A number of factors such as the mode of action, specificity and chemistry of antisense molecules as well as the carrier vehicle and the time course of antisense treatment, must be carefully considered for the design and successful application of antisense oligonucleotides. Assay systems and controls must be chosen so as to ensure that the observed biological effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides do in fact reflect the result of a specific target gene inhibition. This article discusses these biochemical factors with the emphasis on the use of phosphodiester or phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in neuroendocrine or behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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31
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Nicot A, Bidard JN, Kitabgi P, Lhiaubet AM, Masuo Y, Palkovits M, Rostène W, Bérod A. Neurotensin and neuromedin N brain levels after fornix transection: evidence for an efficient neurotensin precursor processing in subicular neurons. Brain Res 1995; 702:279-83. [PMID: 8846090 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High levels of neurotensin/neuromedin N precursor mRNA, but few if any NT-positive perikarya have been detected in the dorsal subiculum of the adult rat or human hippocampus. This apparent discrepancy was tentatively ascribed to a lack of precursor mRNA translation or to a poor precursor posttranslational processing in neurons of the hippocampus. Another hypothesis is that in long neuronal pathways, maturation of neuropeptide precursors and derived peptides occurs during axonal transport to terminals, a process which accounts for the lack of peptide detection in cell bodies. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed surgical transection of the fornix to interrupt axonal transport of putative NT/NN products arising from the dorsal hippocampus and measured NT and NN levels in different brain regions. In the mamillary bodies, the main projection area of the dorsal subiculum, NN and NT levels were highly reduced 4 or 14 days after the septo-hippocampal transection which was correlated with a slight increase in NN and NT levels in the dorsal hippocampus and the retrosplenial cortex of 4 days lesioned animals. An increase in hypothalamic NN levels was also detected 14 days after the lesion. These data suggest that the peptide precursor processing can take place during the axonal transport, as shown here for neurotensin and neuromedin N from subicular neurons to their efferent brain areas such as the mamillary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- INSERM U339, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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32
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Abstract
In vitro studies performed on cell lines or embryonic hypothalamic neuronal cultures suggest that neurotensin gene expression can be stimulated by dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid agonist. In order to test whether such an action could be observed in vivo, the distribution of neurotensin mRNA in the rat forebrain was analysed by in situ hybridization in rats treated chronically with corticosterone and in control animals. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a selective induction of neurotensin mRNA in both the periventricular and rostral arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus but not in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the hippocampal CA1-CA2 region. This selective effect of corticosterone could be involved in neuroendocrine changes observed following glucocorticoid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- INSERM U339, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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33
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Rostène W, Sarrieau A, Nicot A, Scarceriaux V, Betancur C, Gully D, Meaney M, Rowe W, De Kloet R, Pelaprat D. Steroid effects on brain functions: an example of the action of glucocorticoids on central dopaminergic and neurotensinergic systems. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1995; 20:349-56. [PMID: 8527421 PMCID: PMC1188718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now clearly established that steroid hormones released from peripheral endocrine glands may, through specific receptors in the brain, directly regulate brain function. These effects may be rapid or involve long-term modifications at the genomic level. Concerning the glucocorticoids, their receptors are found in most neuronal cells, an observation which can be related to their widespread effects on neuronal metabolism. Furthermore, glucocorticoids are often related to stress. We have previously demonstrated that neonatal handling of the rat prevented excessive endocrine response to stress. In adults, this action appeared to protect the animal from potential damaging effects of glucocorticoids and from related impairment of cognitive functions. The effects of glucocorticoids are thought to involve an interaction of several central neurotransmitter systems. One such neurotransmitter is neurotensin, a neuropeptide which was reported to be closely related to central dopaminergic system regulation. This paper presents a rapid overview of the central effects of glucocorticoids and possible evidence for the interrelationship between these steroids, dopamine and neurotensin systems in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. It provides a new way to approach stress responses and to develop new substances that may become potential drugs in the treatment of some psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rostène
- Inserm U. 339, Hôpital St-Antoine, Paris, France
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Nicot A, Rostène W, Bérod A. Differential expression of neurotensin receptor mRNA in the dopaminergic cell groups of the rat diencephalon and mesencephalon. J Neurosci Res 1995; 40:667-74. [PMID: 7602617 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support interactions between neurotensin (NT) and dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the brain. In order to obtain further knowledge about the anatomical substrate for such interactions, the distribution of cells expressing the cloned neurotensin receptor (NTR) mRNA was examined in relation to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA-expressing cells within different subnuclei of the diencephalon and ventral mesencephalon of the male rat. In situ hybridization was performed on consecutive sections labeled with 33P-labeled oligonucleotide probes. In the hypothalamus, NTR mRNA signals were mostly found in the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial, dorsal premammillary, and supramammillary nuclei. On the other hand, DAergic cells of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and dorsal aspect of the arcuate nucleus, revealed by TH in situ hybridization, did not exhibit NTR mRNA even though dense NT binding sites have been previously described in this nuclei. In the zona incerta, TH mRNA-containing cells were concentrated in the medial part, with little overlap with NTR mRNA-expressing cells located mainly in its mediolateral extent. In contrast, the distribution of both markers was superimposable within the different subdivisions of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra, as previously suggested, but also in the retrorubral field. These anatomical data further support the NT-dopamine interactions on both mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal DAergic systems. Moreover, the results suggest that diencephalic DAergic neurons do not synthesize the cloned NTR mRNA or express it at considerably lower levels than DAergic mesencephalic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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35
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Nicot A, Bérod A, Gully D, Rowe W, Quirion R, de Kloet ER, Rostène W. Blockade of neurotensin binding in the rat hypothalamus and of the central action of neurotensin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with non-peptide receptor antagonists. Neuroendocrinology 1994; 59:572-8. [PMID: 8084381 DOI: 10.1159/000126707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Central administration of neurotensin (NT) has been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, an effect which seems dependent upon the release of corticotropin-releasing factor. In this study, we describe the distribution of NT binding sites in the hypothalamus using film and emulsion receptor autoradiography. Among the 125I-NT-labelled hypothalamic nuclei, relatively high densities of neurotensin binding sites were detected over the paraventricular nucleus. Silver grains on emulsion-coated slides overlaid indiscriminately cell bodies and surrounding processes of magnocellular and parvocellular parts of the nucleus. Two newly developed NT receptor antagonists, SR 48692 and its analog SR 48450, competed for 125I-NT binding to hypothalamic tissue sections and membrane preparations with Ki values in the nanomolar range. Moreover, intracerebrally injected SR 48450 was able to block the NT-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in freely moving rats, whereas its administration alone did not significantly affect basal plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone. These data provide anatomical substrate for a potential neurotensin action at the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and highlight the use of new non-peptide NT receptor antagonists to characterize the effects of NT on neuroendrocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- INSERM U339, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Azzi M, Nicot A, Gully D, Kitabgi P, Bérod A, Rostène W. Increase in neurotensin receptor expression in rat brain induced by chronic treatment with the nonpeptide neurotensin receptor antagonist SR 48692. Neurosci Lett 1994; 172:97-100. [PMID: 8084546 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the regulation of neurotensin receptor following a chronic pharmacological blockade of the neurotensin transmission with a nonpeptide neurotensin receptor antagonist, SR 48692. Our results showed that treatment of the rats for five days with SR 48692, at a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.p., induced an increase of both the number of binding sites for 125I-neurotensin to whole brain membrane homogenates and neurotensin receptor mRNA levels in the ventral mesencephalon. This study brings the first evidence for an in vivo up-regulation of neurotensin receptors following their pharmacological blockade, and suggests that endogenous neurotensin exerts a tonic inhibitory control on neurotensin receptor mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azzi
- INSERM U339, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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37
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Nicot A, Rostene W, Berod A. Neurotensin receptor expression in the rat forebrain and midbrain: a combined analysis by in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 1994; 341:407-19. [PMID: 8195468 DOI: 10.1002/cne.903410310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of the levocabastine-insensitive high-affinity neurotensin binding sites in the rat forebrain and midbrain in relation to the distribution of the cloned neurotensin receptor mRNA by using a combination of both high-resolution in vitro receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization approaches. Groups of cells rich in neurotensin receptor mRNA were observed in the basal forebrain nuclei, the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra and in the interfascicular and caudal linear nuclei and the retrorubral field. Cells expressing lower levels of neurotensin receptor mRNA were found in several subdivisions of the cortex; the dentate gyrus; the septofimbrial, suprachiasmatic, medial habenular, and mammillary nuclei; the dorsal part of the lateral septum; the zona incerta; and the dorsomedial and perifornical hypothalamic areas. Most of the brain areas containing neurotensin receptor mRNA demonstrated a selective association of neurotensin binding sites with neuronal cell bodies. In contrast, in several telencephalic and diencephalic structures, the presence of neurotensin binding sites was not correlated with that of neurotensin receptor mRNA, suggesting that neurotensin receptors were mainly located on axon terminals. This study provides a better understanding of the anatomical organization of neurotensin receptor expressing systems in the rat brain and gives further insight into the pre- vs. postsynaptic location of neurotensin receptors in various brain regions. Moreover, it indicates that all neurons expressing the cloned neurotensin receptor harbour neurotensin binding sites on their perikaryal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 339, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicot
- INSERM U339, Hopital St. Antoine, Paris, France
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39
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Kitabgi P, Masuo Y, Nicot A, Berod A, Cuber JC, Rostène W. Marked variations of the relative distributions of neurotensin and neuromedin N in micropunched rat brain areas suggest differential processing of their common precursor. Neurosci Lett 1991; 124:9-12. [PMID: 1857550 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90810-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin N (NN) is a hexapeptide that shares a four amino acid identity with the C-terminus of neurotensin (NT) and exhibits NT-like effects in the central nervous system. Both peptides were recently shown to be encoded in the same precursor molecule. By means of specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays, we compared the distribution of immunoreactive NT and NN (iNT and iNN) in micropunched rat brain structures. The data revealed marked regional variations in the ratio of iNT over iNN. For instance, the ratio value was 4.5 in the posterior hypothalamus and 0.8 in the mammillary bodies. Reverse phase HPLC analysis of extracts of several brain regions showed that iNT and iNN coeluted with synthetic NT and NN, respectively. The results suggest that differential processing of the common neurotensin/neuromedin N precursor occurs in various regions of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kitabgi
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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