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Furini G, De Carli A, Fonnesu R, Spezia PG, Scebba F, Pistello M, Lai M, Lionetti V. Gene silencing of endothelial von Willebrand factor reduces the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2023; 290:4300-4315. [PMID: 37098810 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying vascular endothelial susceptibility to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that patients lacking von Willebrand factor (vWF), an endothelial hallmark, are less severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet the precise role of endothelial vWF in modulating coronavirus entry into endothelial cells is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that effective gene silencing by short interfering RNA (siRNA) for vWF expression in resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly reduced by 56% the cellular levels of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA. Similar reduction in intracellular SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA levels was observed in non-activated HUVECs treated with siRNA targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cellular gateway to coronavirus. By integrating quantitative information from real-time PCR and high-resolution confocal imaging, we demonstrated that ACE2 gene expression and its plasma membrane localization in HUVECs were both markedly reduced after treatment with siRNA anti-vWF or anti-ACE2. Conversely, siRNA anti-ACE2 did not reduce endothelial vWF gene expression and protein levels. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 infection of viable HUVECs was enhanced by overexpression of vWF, which increased ACE2 levels. Of note, we found a similar increase in interferon-β mRNA levels following transfection with untargeted, anti-vWF or anti-ACE2 siRNA and pcDNA3.1-WT-VWF. We envision that siRNA targeting endothelial vWF will protect against productive endothelial infection by SARS-CoV-2 through downregulation of ACE2 expression and might serve as a novel tool to induce disease resistance by modulating the regulatory role of vWF on ACE2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Furini
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science", Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Carli
- Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Spezia
- Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Scebba
- BioMedicine Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science", Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Italy
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
| | - Michele Lai
- Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Italy
- CISUP - Centre for Instrumentation Sharing - University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science", Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
- BioMedicine Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science", Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Carlini V, Noonan DM, Abdalalem E, Goletti D, Sansone C, Calabrone L, Albini A. The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161067. [PMID: 37359549 PMCID: PMC10287165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a fundamental role in modulating inflammation and in maintaining cell homeostasis. It primarily acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, protecting the body from an uncontrolled immune response, mostly through the Jak1/Tyk2 and STAT3 signaling pathway. On the other hand, IL-10 can also have immunostimulating functions under certain conditions. Given the pivotal role of IL-10 in immune modulation, this cytokine could have relevant implications in pathologies characterized by hyperinflammatory state, such as cancer, or infectious diseases as in the case of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 syndrome. Recent evidence proposed IL-10 as a predictor of severity and mortality for patients with acute or post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, IL-10 can act as an endogenous danger signal, released by tissues undergoing damage in an attempt to protect the organism from harmful hyperinflammation. Pharmacological strategies aimed to potentiate or restore IL-10 immunomodulatory action may represent novel promising avenues to counteract cytokine storm arising from hyperinflammation and effectively mitigate severe complications. Natural bioactive compounds, derived from terrestrial or marine photosynthetic organisms and able to increase IL-10 expression, could represent a useful prevention strategy to curb inflammation through IL-10 elevation and will be discussed here. However, the multifaceted nature of IL-10 has to be taken into account in the attempts to modulate its levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carlini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eslam Abdalalem
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) European Institute of Oncology IEO-, Milan, Italy
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3
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Parthasarathy H, Tandel D, Siddiqui AH, Harshan KH. Metformin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. Virus Res 2023; 323:199010. [PMID: 36417940 PMCID: PMC9676078 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities such as diabetes worsen COVID-19 severity and recovery. Metformin, a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes, has antiviral properties and certain studies have also indicated its prognostic potential in COVID-19. Here, we report that metformin significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture models. First, a steady increase in AMPK phosphorylation was detected as infection progressed, suggesting its important role during viral infection. Activation of AMPK in Calu3 and Caco2 cell lines using metformin revealed that metformin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infectious titers up to 99%, in both naïve as well as infected cells. IC50 values from dose-variation studies in infected cells were found to be 0.4 and 1.43 mM in Calu3 and Caco2 cells, respectively. Role of AMPK in metformin's antiviral suppression was further confirmed using other pharmacological compounds, AICAR and Compound C. Collectively, our study demonstrates that metformin is effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and thus possibly could offer double benefits as diabetic COVID-19 patients by lowering both blood glucose levels and viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dixit Tandel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Krishnan H Harshan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Cognasse F, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Rosa M, Corseaux D, Bonneaudeau B, Pierre C, Huet J, Arthaud CA, Eyraud MA, Prier A, Duchez AC, Ebermeyer T, Heestermans M, Audoux-Caire E, Philippot Q, Le Voyer T, Hequet O, Fillet AM, Chavarin P, Legrand D, Richard P, Pirenne F, Gallian P, Casanova JL, Susen S, Morel P, Lacombe K, Bastard P, Tiberghien P. Inflammatory markers and auto-Abs to type I IFNs in COVID-19 convalescent plasma cohort study. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104414. [PMID: 36535107 PMCID: PMC9758484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) contains neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that may be useful as COVID-19 passive immunotherapy in patients at risk of developing severe disease. Such plasma from convalescent patients may also have additional immune-modulatory properties when transfused to COVID-19 patients. METHODS CCP (n = 766) was compared to non-convalescent control plasma (n = 166) for soluble inflammatory markers, ex-vivo inflammatory bioactivity on endothelial cells, neutralising auto-Abs to type I IFNs and reported adverse events in the recipients. FINDINGS CCP exhibited a statistically significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (0.531 ± 0.04 vs 0.271 ± 0.04; (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07371-0.4446; p = 0.0061) and 0.900 ± 0.07 vs 0.283 ± 0.07 pg/mL; (95% [CI], 0.3097-0.9202; p = 0.0000829) and lower IL-10 (0.731 ± 0.07 vs 1.22 ± 0.19 pg/mL; (95% [CI], -0.8180 to -0.1633; p = 0.0034) levels than control plasma. Neutralising auto-Abs against type I IFNs were detected in 14/766 (1.8%) CCPs and were not associated with reported adverse events when transfused. Inflammatory markers and bioactivity in CCP with or without auto-Abs, or in CCP whether or not linked to adverse events in transfused patients, did not differ to a statistically significant extent. INTERPRETATION Overall, CCP exhibited moderately increased inflammatory markers compared to the control plasma with no discernible differences in ex-vivo bioactivity. Auto-Abs to type I IFNs detected in a small fraction of CCP were not associated with reported adverse events or differences in inflammatory markers. Additional studies, including careful clinical evaluation of patients treated with CCP, are required in order to further define the clinical relevance of these findings. FUNDING French National Blood Service-EFS, the Association "Les Amis de Rémi" Savigneux, France, the "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Medical Research Foundation)-REACTing 2020".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France,Corresponding author. Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, INSERM U1059, Campus Santé Innovation - 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Mickael Rosa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | - Delphine Corseaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | | | - Chloe Pierre
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Julie Huet
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Charles Antoine Arthaud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marie Ange Eyraud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Anne Claire Duchez
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Theo Ebermeyer
- Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marco Heestermans
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux-Caire
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hequet
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Patricia Chavarin
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Dominique Legrand
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - France Pirenne
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (Mondor Biomedical Research Institute) (IMRB), Creteil, France & Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,UMR “Unité des Virus Emergents” (Emerging Virus Unit), Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - INSERM 1207 - IRBA - EFS - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Susen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne University, Inserm IPLESP, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP (University Hospital Trust), Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,UMR RIGHT U1098, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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5
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Pelisek J, Reutersberg B, Greber UF, Zimmermann A. Vascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: update on SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells and the role of long non-coding RNAs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1571-1590. [PMID: 36367091 PMCID: PMC9652506 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, it may affect also the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disorder (CVD) develop a more severe disease course with a significantly higher mortality rate than non-CVD patients. A common denominator of CVD is the dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs), increased vascular permeability, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, coagulation, and inflammation. It has been assumed that clinical complications in COVID-19 patients suffering from CVD are caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of ECs through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the cellular transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and the consequent dysfunction of the infected vascular cells. Meanwhile, other factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells have been described, including disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17), the C-type lectin CD209L or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Here, we discuss the current data about the putative entry of SARS-CoV-2 into endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affecting vascular permeability in CVD, a process that might exacerbate disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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Cao JF, Yang X, Xiong L, Wu M, Chen S, Xiong C, He P, Zong Y, Zhang L, Fu H, Qi Y, Ying X, Liu D, Hu X, Zhang X. Mechanism of N-0385 blocking SARS-CoV-2 to treat COVID-19 based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1013911. [PMID: 36329841 PMCID: PMC9622768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1013911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. TMPRSS2-mediated hydrolysis and maturation of spike protein is essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. The latest research found that a TMPRSS2 inhibitor called N-0385 could effectively prevent the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. However, it is not clear about the mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19. Therefore, this study used computer simulations to investigate the mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19 by impeding SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS The GeneCards database was used to search disease gene targets, core targets were analyzed by PPI, GO and KEGG. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were used to validate and analyze the binding stability of small molecule N-0385 to target proteins. The supercomputer platform was used to simulate and analyze the number of hydrogen bonds, binding free energy, stability of protein targets at the residue level, radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area. RESULTS There were 4,600 COVID-19 gene targets from GeneCards database. PPI, GO and KEGG analysis indicated that signaling pathways of immune response and inflammation played crucial roles in COVID-19. Molecular docking showed that N-0385 could block SARS-CoV-2 infection and treat COVID-19 by acting on ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NLRP3. Molecular dynamics was used to demonstrate that the small molecule N-0385 could form very stable bindings with TMPRSS2 and TLR7. CONCLUSION The mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19 was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. We speculated that N-0385 may not only inhibit SARS-CoV-2 invasion directly by acting on TMPRSS2, ACE2 and DPP4, but also inhibit the immune recognition process and inflammatory response by regulating TLR7, NLRP3 and IL-10 to prevent SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Therefore, these results suggested that N-0385 may act through multiple targets to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and damage caused by inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Cao
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyan Chen
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Xiong
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyong He
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongjiao Fu
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiran Ying
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengxin Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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7
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Jiang Y, Hong S, Zhu X, Zhang L, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Huang W, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. IL-10 partly mediates the ability of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles to attenuate myocardial damage in experimental metabolic renovascular hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940093. [PMID: 36203611 PMCID: PMC9530748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtain properties of immunomodulation and tissue repair from their parental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and upon delivery may be associated with fewer adverse events. EVs derived from adipose-tissue MSCs restored kidney function by attenuating kidney inflammation in a swine model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and renal artery stenosis via anti-inflammatory pathways. EVs also ameliorated myocardial injury in renovascular hypertension (RVH) secondary to inflammation in cardiorenal disease, but the mechanisms regulating this effect are unknown. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 mediates the reparative effects of EVs on cardiovascular complications in a preclinical swine model with coexisting MetS and RVH. Twenty-three pigs established as Lean controls or RVH models were observed for 16 weeks. At 12 weeks RVH subgroups received an intrarenal delivery of 1011 either wildtype (WT) EVs or EVs after IL-10 knockdown (KD) (RVH+WT-EVs or RVH+IL-10-KD-EVs, respectively). Cardiac and renal function were studied in-vivo and myocardial tissue injury in-vitro 4 weeks later. RVH pigs showed myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. WT-EVs attenuated these impairments, increased capillary density, and decreased myocardial inflammation in-vivo. In-vitro, co-incubation with IL-10-containing WT-EVs decreased activated T-cells proliferation and endothelial cells inflammation and promoted their migration. Contrarily, these cardioprotective effects were largely blunted using IL-10-KD-EVs. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects of EVs in RVH may be partly attributed to their cargo of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Early intervention of IL-10-containing EVs may be helpful to prevent cardiovascular complications of MetS concurrent with RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Siting Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Weijun Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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8
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Najafi-Fard S, Petruccioli E, Farroni C, Petrone L, Vanini V, Cuzzi G, Salmi A, Altera AMG, Navarra A, Alonzi T, Nicastri E, Palmieri F, Gualano G, Carlini V, Noonan DM, Albini A, Goletti D. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of interleukin-10 on peripheral blood immune cells of COVID-19 patients: Implication for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984098. [PMID: 36148228 PMCID: PMC9486547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Several therapies with immune-modulatory functions have been proposed to reduce the overwhelmed inflammation associated with COVID-19. Here we investigated the impact of IL-10 in COVID-19, through the ex-vivo assessment of the effects of exogenous IL-10 on SARS-CoV-2-specific-response using a whole-blood platform. Methods Two cohorts were evaluated: in “study population A”, plasma levels of 27 immune factors were measured by a multiplex (Luminex) assay in 39 hospitalized “COVID-19 patients” and 29 “NO COVID-19 controls” all unvaccinated. In “study population B”, 29 COVID-19 patients and 30 NO COVID-19-Vaccinated Controls (NO COVID-19-VCs) were prospectively enrolled for the IL-10 study. Whole-blood was stimulated overnight with SARS-COV-2 antigens and then treated with IL-10. Plasma was collected and used for ELISA and multiplex assay. In parallel, whole-blood was stimulated and used for flow cytometry analysis. Results Baseline levels of several immune factors, including IL-10, were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with NO COVID-19 subjects in “study population A”. Among them, IL-2, FGF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 reached their highest levels within the second week of infection and then decreased. To note that, MCP-1 levels remained significantly elevated compared with controls. IL-10, GM-CSF, and IL-6 increased later and showed an increasing trend over time. Moreover, exogenous addition of IL-10 significantly downregulated IFN-γ response and several other immune factors in both COVID-19 patients and NO COVID-19-VCs evaluated by ELISA and a multiplex analysis (Luminex) in “study population B”. Importantly, IL-10 did not affect cell survival, but decreased the frequencies of T-cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 (p<0.05) and down-modulated HLA-DR expression on CD8+ and NK cells. Conclusion This study provides important insights into immune modulating effects of IL-10 in COVID-19 and may provide valuable information regarding the further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Najafi-Fard
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Farroni
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gerarda Altera
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Assunta Navarra
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Disease Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas McClain Noonan
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- European Institute of Oncology IEO-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Adriana Albini, ; Delia Goletti,
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Adriana Albini, ; Delia Goletti,
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9
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Louisa M, Cahyadi D, Nilasari D, Soetikno V. Lack of Correlation Between Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4799-4807. [PMID: 36045873 PMCID: PMC9420737 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the correlation of plasma soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sACE2, and several inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization with hypertension. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, RAAS, inhibitors on the levels of sACE2 and inflammatory marker levels in patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study involved patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization on a stable dose of antihypertensive drugs. The study included three hospitals in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia, between December 2020 and June 2021. We classified eligible subjects into two groups: patients with COVID-19 treated with antihypertensive RAAS inhibitors or non-RAAS inhibitors. Results We found no correlation between sACE2 and all the inflammatory and coagulation markers studied (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, IL6/IL10, tumor necrosis factor-α, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and D-dimer) in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Further analysis showed lower sACE2 concentrations and IL-6/IL-10 ratio in patients treated with RAAS inhibitors vs those treated with non-RAAS inhibitors. Conclusion We found no correlation between ACE2 and inflammatory markers. Using RAAS inhibitors resulted in a lower sACE2 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio. The type of antihypertensive treatments has a neutral effect on disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. However, to firmly-established these effects, our findings should be confirmed in a much larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Cahyadi
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Nilasari
- Department of Clinical Research, Siloam Hospitals, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Vivian Soetikno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Torrens-Mas M, Perelló-Reus CM, Trias-Ferrer N, Ibargüen-González L, Crespí C, Galmes-Panades AM, Navas-Enamorado C, Sanchez-Polo A, Piérola-Lopetegui J, Masmiquel L, Crespi LS, Barcelo C, Gonzalez-Freire M. GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID-19 patients according to severity while ACE2 mutations increase infection susceptibility. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:942951. [PMID: 35937703 PMCID: PMC9355674 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.942951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a persistent global pandemic with a very heterogeneous disease presentation ranging from a mild disease to dismal prognosis. Early detection of sensitivity and severity of COVID-19 is essential for the development of new treatments. In the present study, we measured the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in plasma of severity-stratified COVID-19 patients and uninfected control patients and characterized the in vitro effects and cohort frequency of ACE2 SNPs. Our results show that while circulating GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID-19 patients according to disease severity, ACE2 missense SNPs constitute a risk factor linked to infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Perelló-Reus
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Neus Trias-Ferrer
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lesly Ibargüen-González
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespí
- Cell Culture and Flow Cytometry Facility, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aina Maria Galmes-Panades
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group (GICAFE), Institute for Educational Research and Innovation (IRIE), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cayetano Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andres Sanchez-Polo
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Piérola-Lopetegui
- Microscopy Facility, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Socias Crespi
- Intensive Care Unit, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Llatzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barcelo
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Gonzalez-Freire, ; Carles Barcelo,
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Gonzalez-Freire, ; Carles Barcelo,
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11
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Timpau AS, Miftode RS, Leca D, Timpau R, Miftode IL, Petris AO, Costache II, Mitu O, Nicolae A, Oancea A, Jigoranu A, Tuchilus CG, Miftode EG. A Real Pandora's Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071085. [PMID: 35888173 PMCID: PMC9318707 DOI: 10.3390/life12071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the cardiovascular system is an extensively studied pandemic topic, as there is an ever-increasing amount of evidence that reports a high prevalence of acute cardiac injury in the context of viral infection. In patients with Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, a significant increase in serum levels of cardiac troponin or other various biomarkers was observed, suggesting acute cardiac injury, thus predicting both a severe course of the disease and a poor outcome. Pathogenesis of acute cardiac injury is not yet completely elucidated, though several mechanisms are allegedly involved, such as a direct cardiomyocyte injury, oxygen supply-demand inequity caused by hypoxia, several active myocardial depressant factors during sepsis, and endothelial dysfunction due to the hyperinflammatory status. Moreover, the increased levels of plasma cytokines and catecholamines and a significantly enhanced prothrombotic environment may lead to the destabilization and rupture of atheroma plaques, subsequently triggering an acute coronary syndrome. In the present review, we focus on describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute cardiac injury in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore some novel therapeutic strategies involving immunomodulatory therapy, as well as their role in preventing a severe form of the disease, with both the short-term outcome and the long-term cardiovascular sequelae being equally important in patients with SARS-CoV-2 induced acute cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia-Stefana Timpau
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.T.); (D.L.); (I.-L.M.); (E.-G.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.-S.M.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Daniela Leca
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.T.); (D.L.); (I.-L.M.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Razvan Timpau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ionela-Larisa Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.T.); (D.L.); (I.-L.M.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Antoniu Octavian Petris
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.-S.M.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Ana Nicolae
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Alexandru Oancea
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.O.P.); (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity (Microbiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Egidia-Gabriela Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.T.); (D.L.); (I.-L.M.); (E.-G.M.)
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12
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Subsets of Cytokines and Chemokines from DENV-4-Infected Patients Could Regulate the Endothelial Integrity of Cultured Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050509. [PMID: 35631030 PMCID: PMC9144803 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is a consensus that inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells contribute to changes in endothelial permeability in dengue. We propose to relate inflammatory mediators seen in dengue patients with the in vitro alteration of endothelial cells (ECs) cultured with serum from these patients. Methods: Patients with mild (DF) to moderate and severe dengue (DFWS/Sev) were selected. ELISA quantified inflammatory mediators. Expression of adhesion molecules and CD147 were evaluated in the ECs cultured with the patient’s serum by flow cytometry. We assessed endothelial permeability by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance in cocultures of ECs with patient serum. Results: Dengue infection led to an increase in inflammatory mediators—the IL-10 distinguished DF from DFWS/Sev. There were no changes in CD31, CD54, and CD106 but decreased CD147 expression in ECs. DFWS/Sev sera induced a greater difference in endothelial permeability than DF sera. Correlation statistical test indicated that low IL-10 and IFN-γ and high CCL5 maintain the integrity of ECs in DF patients. In contrast, increased TNF, IFN-γ, CXCL8, and CCL2 maintain EC integrity in DFWS/Sev patients. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that a subset of inflammatory mediators may be related to the maintenance or loss of endothelial integrity, reflecting the clinical prognosis.
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Raghavan S, Leo MD. Histamine Potentiates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Entry Into Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872736. [PMID: 35548336 PMCID: PMC9084361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most serious global health crises in recent history. COVID-19 patient symptoms range from life-threatening to mild and asymptomatic, which presents unique problems in identifying, quarantining, and treating the affected individuals. The emergence of unusual symptoms among survivors, now referred to as “Long COVID”, is concerning, especially since much about the condition and the treatment of it is still relatively unknown. Evidence so far also suggests that some of these symptoms can be attributed to vascular inflammation. Although famotidine, the commonly used histamine H2 receptor (H2R) blocker, was shown to have no antiviral activity, recent reports indicate that it could prevent adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Histamine is a classic proinflammatory mediator, the levels of which increase along with other cytokines during COVID-19 infection. Histamine activates H2R signaling, while famotidine specifically blocks H2R activation. Investigating the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike) on ACE2 expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, we found that the presence of histamine potentiated spike-mediated ACE2 internalization into endothelial cells. This effect was blocked by famotidine, protein kinase A inhibition, or by H2 receptor protein knockdown. Together, these results indicate that histamine and histamine receptor signaling is likely essential for spike protein to induce ACE2 internalization in endothelial cells and cause endothelial dysfunction and that this effect can be blocked by the H2R blocker, famotidine.
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GLP-1 Mediates Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression by the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071187. [PMID: 35406751 PMCID: PMC8998127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: ACE2, a carboxypeptidase that generates Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, is highly expressed in the lung, small intestine and colon. GPBAR1, is a G protein bile acid receptor that promotes the release of the insulinotropic factor glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and attenuates intestinal inflammation. Methods: We investigated the expression of ACE2, GLP-1 and GPBAR1 in two cohorts of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and three mouse models of colitis and Gpbar1−/− mice. Activation of GPBAR1 in these models and in vitro was achieved by BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist. Results: In IBD patients, ACE2 mRNA expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in response to inflammation. While expression of ileal ACE2 mRNA was reduced, the colon expression was induced. Colon expression of ACE2 mRNA in IBD correlated with expression of TNF-α and GPBAR1. A positive correlation occurred between GCG and GPBAR1 in human samples and animal models of colitis. In these models, ACE2 mRNA expression was further upregulated by GPABR1 agonism and reversed by exendin-3, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro studies, liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, increased the expression of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells/macrophages co-cultures. Conclusions: ACE2 mRNA expression in the colon of IBD patients and rodent models of colitis is regulated in a TNF-α- and GLP-1-dependent manner. We have identified a GPBAR1/GLP-1 mechanism as a positive modulator of ACE2.
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Palano MT, Gallazzi M, Cucchiara M, Dehò F, Capogrosso P, Bruno A, Mortara L. The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:694-718. [PMID: 36338516 PMCID: PMC9630328 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Dehò
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Correspondence: Antonino Bruno,
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Lorenzo Mortara, . Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Shyfrin SR, Ferren M, Perrin-Cocon L, Espi M, Charmetant X, Brailly M, Decimo D, Iampietro M, Canus L, Horvat B, Lotteau V, Vidalain PO, Thaunat O, Mathieu C. Hamster organotypic kidney culture model of early-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection highlights a two-step renal susceptibility. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221122130. [PMID: 36093433 PMCID: PMC9452794 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney pathology is frequently reported in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by the Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, due to a lack of suitable study models, the events occurring in the kidney during the earliest stages of infection remain unknown. We have developed hamster organotypic kidney cultures (OKCs) to study the early stages of direct renal infection. OKCs maintained key renal structures in their native three-dimensional arrangement. SARS-CoV-2 productively replicated in hamster OKCs, initially targeting endothelial cells and later disseminating into proximal tubules. We observed a delayed interferon response, markers of necroptosis and pyroptosis, and an early repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines transcription followed by a strong later upregulation. While it remains an open question whether an active replication of SARS-CoV-2 takes place in the kidneys of COVID-19 patients with AKI, our model provides new insights into the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 kidney infection and can serve as a powerful tool for studying kidney infection by other pathogens and testing the renal toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Shyfrin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Espi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Normal and pathogenic B cell responses, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Charmetant
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Normal and pathogenic B cell responses, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manon Brailly
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Decimo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Normal and pathogenic B cell responses, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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