1
|
Yamanaga S, Shimata K, Ohfuji S, Yoshikawa M, Natori Y, Hibi T, Yuzawa K, Egawa H. Excess mortality in COVID-19-affected solid organ transplant recipients across the pandemic. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1495-1508. [PMID: 38514016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The excess mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) throughout the pandemic remains unclear. This prospective cohort study based on the Japanese nationwide registry included 1632 SOTRs diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and July 31, 2022, categorized based on dominant phases of variants of concern (VOCs): Waves 1 to 3 (Beta), 4 (Alpha), 5 (Delta), 6 (Omicron BA.1/BA.2), and 7 (Omicron BA.5). Excess mortality of COVID-19-affected SOTRs was analyzed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Overall, 1632 COVID-19-confirmed SOTRs included 1170 kidney, 408 liver, 25 lung, 20 heart, 1 small intestine, and 8 multiorgan recipients. Although disease severity and all-cause mortality decreased as VOCs transitioned, SMRs of SOTRs were consistently higher than those of the general population throughout the pandemic, showing a U-shaped gap that peaked toward the Omicron BA.5 phase; SMR (95% CI): 6.2 (3.1-12.5), 4.0 (1.5-10.6), 3.0 (1.3-6.7), 8.8 (5.3-14.5), and 21.9 (5.5-87.6) for Waves 1 to 3 (Beta), Wave 4 (Alpha), Wave 5 (Delta), Wave 6 (Omicron BA.1/2), and Wave 7 (Omicron BA.5), respectively. In conclusion, COVID-19 SOTRs had greater SMRs than the general population across the pandemic. Vaccine boosters, immunosuppression optimization, and other protective measures, particularly for older SOTRs, are paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Yamanaga
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, Nagamine-Minami, Higashi Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keita Shimata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjō, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno Ward, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Yoshikawa
- Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiichō, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Natori
- Solid Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases, Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjō, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yuzawa
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Sakuranosato, Ibaraki, Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawadacho, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Cruz TCD, Pavon JAR, de Azevedo FSK, de Souza EC, Ribeiro BM, Slhessarenko RD. Associations between epidemiological and laboratory parameters and disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second epidemic waves in middle south Mato Grosso. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01379-x. [PMID: 38834861 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease characterized by respiratory distress. Disease severity is associated with several factors. Here we characterize virological findings and evaluate the association of laboratorial, epidemiological, virological findings and clinical outcomes of 251 patients during the first and second epidemic waves of COVID-19. METHODS This transversal study used biological samples and data from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between May 2020 and August 2021 in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Brazil. Biological samples were subjected to RT-qPCR and MinION sequencing. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Odds ratio were used to correlate clinical, laboratorial, epidemiological data. FINDINGS Patients were represented by males (61.7%) with mean age of 52.4 years, mild to moderate disease (49,0%), overweight/obese (69.3%), with comorbidities (66.1%) and evolving to death (55.38%). Severe cases showing symptoms for prolonged time, ≥ 25% of ground-glass opacities in the lungs and fatality rate increased significantly in second wave. Fatality was statistically associated to > 61 years of age,>25% ground-glass opacities in the lungs, immune, cardiac, or metabolic comorbidities. Higher viral load (p < 0.01/p = 0.02 in each wave), decreased erythrocyte (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (p < 0.05/p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.01), RDW (p < 0.01), lymphocyte (p < 0.01), increased leucocyte (p < 0.01), neutrophil (p < 0.01) and CRP levels (p < 0.01) showed significant association with fatality in both waves, as did Neutrophil/Platelet (NPR; p < 0.01), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NLR; p < 0.01) and Monocyte/Lymphocyte ratio (MLR; p < 0.01). SARS-CoV-2 genomes from lineage B.1.1.33(n = 8) and Gamma/P.1(n = 15) shared 6/7 and 20/23 lineage-defining mutations, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Severity and mortality of COVID-19 associated with a panel of epidemiological and laboratorial findings, being second wave, caused by Gamma variant, more severe in this in-hospital population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Campos Dias da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Janeth Aracely Ramirez Pavon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Francisco Scoffoni Kennedy de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Hospital e Pronto Socorro de Várzea Grande, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, UFMT, Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Edila Cristina de Souza
- Curso de Graduação em Estatística, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brasil
| | - Bergman Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bian J, Zhang W, Guo Z, Li X, Fu L, Lu Z, Fitzpatrick T, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Liu Q, He L, Sun C, Zou H. Influence of grandchildren on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among older adults in China: a parallel-group, cluster-randomized controlled trial. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:638-646. [PMID: 38724731 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination among older adults in China is suboptimal. Here, we report the results of a parallel-group cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of promoting COVID-19 booster vaccination among grandparents (≥60 years) through a health education intervention delivered to their grandchildren (aged ≥16 years) in a Chinese cohort (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200063240 ). The primary outcome was the uptake rate of COVID-19 booster dose among grandparents. Secondary outcomes include grandparents' attitude and intention to get a COVID-19 booster dose. A total of 202 college students were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention arm of web-based health education and 14 daily reminders (n = 188 grandparents) or control arm (n = 187 grandparents) and reported their grandparents' COVID-19 booster vaccination status at baseline and 21 days. Grandparents in the intervention arm were more likely to receive COVID-19 booster vaccination compared to control cohort (intervention, 30.6%; control, 16.9%; risk ratio = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.66)). Grandparents in the intervention arm also had greater attitude change (β = 0.28 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.52)) and intention change (β = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.52)) to receive a COVID-19 booster dose. Our results show that an educational intervention targeting college students increased COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake among grandparents in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junye Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longtao He
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasilevska V, Guest PC, Szardenings M, Benros ME, Steiner J. Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38459000 PMCID: PMC10923949 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about secondary diseases beyond acute illness. This review explores the significance and potential underlying mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 infection might elicit an immune response targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and its implications for autoimmune-driven neuropsychiatric manifestations. We identified 19 published case reports of NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination by a systematic literature search. The significance of these reports was limited since it is not clear if a coincidental or causal relationship exists between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and manifestation of NMDA receptor encephalitis. The included studies were hampered by difficulties in establishing if these patients had pre-existing NMDA receptor antibodies which entered the brain by infection- or vaccination-associated transient blood-brain barrier leakage. In addition, four cases had comorbid ovarian teratoma, which is a known trigger for development of NMDA receptor encephalitis. Considering that billions of people have contracted COVID-19 or have been vaccinated against this virus, the publication of only 19 case reports with a possible link to NMDA receptor encephalitis, indicates that it is rare. In conclusion, these findings do not support the case that SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination led to an increase of existing or de novo encephalitis mediated by an autoimmune response targeting NMDA receptor function. Nevertheless, this work underscores the importance of ongoing vigilance in monitoring viral outbreaks and their potential impact on the central nervous system through basic, epidemiological and translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vasilevska
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michael Szardenings
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rhoden J, Hoffmann AT, Stein JF, Rocha BSD, Barros VMD, Silva EVD, Fleck JD, Rigotto C. Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:71. [PMID: 38317218 PMCID: PMC10840208 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat the pandemic and limit virus transmission. In the meantime, other respiratory viruses continued to circulate, though at decreased rates. METHODS This study was conducted between June and July 2022, in a hospital in the metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southernmost state of Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with respiratory symptoms without delimitation of age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 different respiratory viruses and confirmed coinfections in the samples. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the association between associations of clinical characteristics and coinfection. RESULTS Sampling corresponds to 337 selected and 330 patients analyzed. The principal clinical outcome found was hospital discharge in 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted in death. The principal viral agents related to coinfections were Human rhinovirus, Human enterovirus, and Respiratory syncytial virus. The most frequent viral agent detected was SARS-CoV-2, with 60 (18%) infections, followed by 51 (15%) cases of Respiratory syncytial virus B (15%) and 44 (13%) cases of Human rhinovirus 1. Coinfection was mainly observed in children, while adults and the elderly were more affected by a single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) were unvaccinated while the remainder had at least one dose of the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study presents information to update the understanding of viral circulation in the region. Furthermore, the findings clarify the behavior of viral infections and possible coinfections in hospitalized patients, considering different ages and clinical profiles. In addition, this knowledge can help to monitor the population's clinical manifestations and prevent future outbreaks of respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Rhoden
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil.
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Taíz Hoffmann
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Centro Histórico, Av. Independência, Nº 155, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035- 074, Brazil
| | - Janaína Franciele Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Bruna Seixas da Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Monteagudo de Barros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Viegas da Silva
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 5400, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, N◦ 2755, Prédio Vermelho, Piso 1, Sala 103, Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 93525-075, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sallam M, Abbasi H, Obeidat RJ, Badayneh R, Alkhashman F, Obeidat A, Oudeh D, Uqba Z, Mahafzah A. Unraveling the association between vaccine attitude, vaccine conspiracies and self-reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination among nurses and physicians in Jordan. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100405. [PMID: 38161986 PMCID: PMC10755110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The negative impact of vaccine conspiracies is linked with negative health behavior. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between attitudes toward booster COVID-19, influenza, and monkeypox (mpox) vaccinations with post-COVID-19 vaccine side effects, vaccine conspiracies, and attitude towards mandatory vaccination among nurses and physicians in Jordan. Methods A structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, COVID-19 history, COVID-19 vaccine type and doses received, self-reported side effects post-COVID-19 vaccination, acceptance of booster COVID-19, seasonal influenza, and mpox vaccinations, attitudes towards mandatory vaccination, and beliefs in vaccine conspiracies. Results The study sample comprised a total of 341 participants. Acceptance of yearly booster COVID-19 vaccination was expressed by 46.6% of the sample, while 73.3% accepted seasonal influenza vaccination, and only 37.0% accepted mpox vaccination. A higher frequency of self-reported side effects following the first COVID-19 vaccine dose was associated with embrace of vaccine conspiracies and vaccine type. For the second vaccine dose, a higher frequency of self-reported side effects was associated with the embrace of vaccine conspiracies, older age, and affiliation to private sector. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, the lower embrace of vaccine conspiracies was associated with lower odds of reporting side effects post-COVID-19 vaccination. The lower embrace of vaccine conspiracies and favorable attitude towards mandatory vaccination were associated with the willingness to get COVID-19, influenza, and mpox vaccinations. Conclusion The study findings highlighted the negative impact of embracing vaccine conspiracies on health-seeking behavior among nurses and physicians. The findings indicated that the willingness to get vaccinated was associated with lower endorsement of vaccine conspiracies. Additionally, the lower embrace of vaccine conspiracies was associated with a lower frequency of self-reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination. These results emphasize the importance of addressing vaccine misinformation and promoting accurate information to ensure optimal vaccine uptake and public health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba Abbasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawan J. Obeidat
- The Office of Infection Prevention and Control, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reham Badayneh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Farah Alkhashman
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Aseel Obeidat
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dana Oudeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Zena Uqba
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jing X, Han M, Wang X, Zhou L. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection in the older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:577. [PMID: 37667195 PMCID: PMC10478381 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) has recently declined, and reports about COVID-19 breakthrough infection have increased. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on population-based studies of the prevalence and incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection amongst older adults worldwide. METHODS Studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically screened to determine the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in older adults from inception to November 2, 2022. Our meta-analysis included 30 studies, all published in English. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effect model through the inverse variance method. Publication bias was tested through funnel plots and Egger's regression test, and sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the robustness of the results. This research was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Thirty publications were included in this meta-analysis (17 on prevalence, 17 on incidence, and 4 on both). The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 breakthrough infection among older adults was 7.7 per 1,000 persons (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.0-15.0). At the same time, the pooled incidence was 29.1 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 15.2-55.7). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides estimates of prevalence and incidence in older adults. We concluded that the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-19 breakthrough infection in older people was low. The prevalence and incidence of breakthrough infection admitted to hospital, severe-critical, and deathly was significantly lower. Otherwise, there was considerable heterogeneity among estimates in this study, which should be considered when interpreting the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jing
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China.
| | - Menglin Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wen J, Du X, Li A, Zhang S, Shen S, Zhang Z, Yang L, Sun C, Li J, Zhu S. Dilemmas and options for COVID-19 vaccination in children. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:103. [PMID: 37620892 PMCID: PMC10464401 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 16 million children have been detected positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States since the outbreak of the pandemic. In general, children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 tend to have lighter symptoms than adults. However, in some cases, the infection can develop into severe forms, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Moreover, long-term public health preventive interventions have had some negative effects on the physical and mental health of children. Given the important role that vaccination plays in reducing severe illness and mortality, it is essential for the efficient implementation of vaccination in the pediatric population. Nevertheless, parental distrust of vaccination, especially with regard to its safety and efficacy, hinders this process. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the available data on the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in children. The results show that the currently approved COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective for children. Although two doses of vaccine in children seem insufficient to prevent Omicron infection, the booster dose provides enhanced protection against infection and severe illness. Most importantly, the bivalent vaccine has been approved for use in the pediatric population to extend the immune response to currently circulating Omicron variant. And the immune protection afforded to newborns after maternal vaccination appears to last only 6 months. Therefore, in the current situation where the rate of virus mutation is accelerating and the COVID-19 pandemic is still severe, it is crucial to extend vaccine protection to children over 6 months of age to weave a tighter safety net.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Wen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264006, China
| | - Xiaoan Du
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Adan Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Shungeng Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Shengyun Shen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Ziteng Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264006, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264006, China.
| | - Shiheng Zhu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang C, Wei Y, Yan VKC, Ye X, Kang W, Yiu HHE, Shami JJP, Cowling BJ, Tse ML, Castle DJ, Chui CSL, Lai FTT, Li X, Wan EYF, Wong CKH, Hayes JF, Chang WC, Chung AKK, Lau CS, Wong ICK, Chan EW. Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection and related hospital admission among people with substance use disorder in Hong Kong: a matched case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:403-413. [PMID: 37141907 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with substance use disorder have a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent poor outcomes. Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among people with substance use disorder. We aimed to estimate the vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Fosun-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) against SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) infection and related hospital admission in this population. METHODS We did a matched case-control study using electronic health databases in Hong Kong. Individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder between Jan 1, 2016, and Jan 1, 2022, were identified. People aged 18 years and older with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Jan 1 to May 31, 2022, and people with COVID-19-related hospital admission from Feb 16 to May 31, 2022, were included as cases and were matched by age, sex, and previous clinical history with controls from all individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder who attended the Hospital Authority health services: up to three controls for SARS-CoV-2 infection and up to ten controls for hospital admission. Conditional logistical regression was used to evaluate the association between vaccination status (ie, one, two, or three doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac) and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospital admission, adjusted for baseline comorbidities and medication use. FINDINGS Among 57 674 individuals with substance use disorder, 9523 people with SARS-CoV-2 infections (mean age 61·00 years, SD 14·90; 8075 [84·8%] males and 1448 [15·2%] females) were identified and matched to 28 217 controls (mean age 60·99 years, 14·67; 24 006 [85·1%] males and 4211 [14·9%] females), and 843 people with COVID-19-related hospital admissions (mean age 70·48 years, SD 14·68; 754 [89·4%] males and 89 [10·6%] females) were identified and matched to 7459 controls (mean age 70·24 years, 13·87; 6837 [91·7%] males and 622 [8·3%] females). Data on ethnicity were not available. We observed significant vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection for two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination (20·7%, 95% CI 14·0-27·0, p<0·0001) and three-dose vaccination (all BNT162b2 41·5%, 34·4-47·8, p<0·0001; all CoronaVac 13·6%, 5·4-21·0, p=0·0015; BNT162b2 booster after two-dose CoronaVac 31·3%, 19·8-41·1, p<0·0001), but not for one dose of either vaccine or two doses of CoronaVac. Significant vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related hospital admission was detected after one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination (35·7%, 3·8-57·1, p=0·032), two-dose vaccination (both BNT162b2 73·3%, 64·3 to 80·0, p<0·0001; both CoronaVac 59·9%, 50·2-67·7, p<0·0001), and three-dose vaccination (all BNT162b2 86·3%, 75·6-92·3, p<0·0001; all CoronaVac 73·5% 61·0-81·9, p<0·0001; BNT162b2 booster after two-dose CoronaVac 83·7%, 64·6-92·5, p<0·0001), but not after one dose of CoronaVac. INTERPRETATION For both BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, two-dose or three-dose vaccination was protective against COVID-19-related hospital admission and the booster dose provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among people with substance use disorder. Our findings confirm the importance of booster doses in this population during the period dominated by the omicron variant. FUNDING Health Bureau, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caige Huang
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent K C Yan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xuxiao Ye
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hei Hang Edmund Yiu
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jessica J P Shami
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Man Li Tse
- Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - David J Castle
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine S L Chui
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Francisco T T Lai
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric Y F Wan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carlos K H Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joseph F Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Albert K K Chung
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Aston School of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Expert Committee on Clinical Events Assessment Following COVID-19 Immunization, Department of Health, The Government of the Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Esther W Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu X, Bian J, Guo Z, Li X, Zhang W, Wang B, Sun Y, Meng X, Zou H. Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors among College Students in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2951. [PMID: 36833647 PMCID: PMC9961598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to assess the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors among Chinese college students. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 May to 17 June 2022. A total of 3916 participants were included. The coverage of the first dose, complete vaccination and booster vaccination among college students was 99.49%, 81.96% and 79.25%, respectively. College students with an older age (AOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90), non-medical major (0.47, 0.37-0.61) and studying in north-east China (0.35, 0.22-0.58) were less likely to complete vaccination. Individuals who were female (1.62, 1.35-1.94) and received a recombinant subunit vaccine (8.05, 5.21-12.45) were more likely to complete vaccination. Non-medical students (0.56, 0.43-0.73) and students studying in north-east China (0.28, 0.16-0.49) were less likely to receive a booster dose, while female students (1.51, 1.23-1.85) had a higher likelihood. The main reason for being unvaccinated was "contraindication" (75.00%), and the main reason for not receiving a booster dose was "being too busy to attend to it" (61.37%). This study demonstrated a high adherence to the COVID-19 vaccination policy among Chinese college students. Targeted strategies should be applied to remove barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Xu
- School of Literature and Education, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Junye Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panorama of Breakthrough Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121733. [PMID: 36556935 PMCID: PMC9784755 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, many countries have successively developed a variety of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, with the continuous spread of SARS-CoV-2, it has evolved several variants; as a result, prevention and control of the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has become more important. Among these variants, the Omicron variant has higher transmissibility and immune escape ability and is the main variant causing a large number of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, thus, presenting new challenges to pandemic prevention and control. Hence, we review the biological characteristics of the Omicron variant and discuss the current status and possible mechanism of breakthrough infection caused by the Omicron variant in order to provide insights into the prevention and control of the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|