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Ni R. PET imaging in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114174. [PMID: 36283568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by aberrant accumulation of alpha-synuclein and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Animal models of alpha-synucleinopathy have greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutics. Various transgenic, alpha-synuclein fibril-injected, and toxin-injected animal models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy that recapitulate the disease pathology have been developed and widely used. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the noninvasive visualization of molecular alterations, underpinning behavioral dysfunctions in the brains of animal models and the longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects. Imaging studies in these disease animal models have employed multi-tracer PET designs to reveal dopaminergic deficits together with other molecular alterations. This review focuses on the development of new positron emission tomography tracers and studies of alpha-synuclein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A neurotransmitter receptor deficits such as dopaminergic receptor, dopaminergic transporter, serotonergic receptor, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The outstanding challenges and emerging applications are outlined, such as investigating the gut-brain-axis by using positron emission tomography in animal models, and provide a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhang J, Zhou C, Xiao X, Chen W, Jiang Y, Zhu R, Xin T. Magnetic resonance imaging image analysis of the therapeutic effect and neuroprotective effect of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease based on a deep learning algorithm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3642. [PMID: 36054274 PMCID: PMC9786712 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the therapeutic neuroprotective effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), based on the deep learning algorithm, this study combines with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image analysis technology to study the clinical efficacy of DBS in the surgical treatment of PD and the neuroprotective and neurological recovery effects after surgery. Establish a deep learning algorithm model based on MRI image analysis technology, comparison of UPDRS motor status assessment and the improvement of daily life ability before and after DBS surgery, evaluate the accuracy rate and the detection speed of the model. The models constructed in this study have an accuracy rate of more than 90% in the PD detection test, and the detection speed of the algorithm model under the condition of big data is between 60 and 200 ms. DBS significantly improve a series of clinical symptoms in patients with PD. The deep learning algorithm model based on MRI image analysis technology in this paper has a certain effect. DBS operation can improve the symptoms of PD, and has the effect of neuroprotection and neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Chaoyang Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Weihua Chen
- Department of ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Yi Jiang
- Network Information CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Ronglan Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
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3
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Neuroinflammation Modulation via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Chaperone, RIC-3. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206139. [PMID: 34684720 PMCID: PMC8539643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in or on various cell types and have diverse functions. In immune cells nAChRs regulate proliferation, differentiation and cytokine release. Specifically, activation of the α7 nAChR reduces inflammation as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Here we review numerous effects of α7 nAChR activation on immune cell function and differentiation. Further, we also describe evidence implicating this receptor and its chaperone RIC-3 in diseases of the central nervous system and in neuroinflammation, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Deregulated neuroinflammation due to dysfunction of α7 nAChR provides one explanation for involvement of this receptor and of RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we also provide evidence implicating α7 nAChRs and RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) involving neuroinflammation. Besides, we will describe the therapeutic implications of activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for diseases involving neuroinflammation.
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4
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Halder N, Lal G. Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660342. [PMID: 33936095 PMCID: PMC8082108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. These molecules are involved in regulating immune response and playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Most innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal inputs by releasing or expressing these molecules on their surfaces. Dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication may lead to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors have been developed to target the cholinergic system to control inflammation in different tissues. This review discusses how various molecules of the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) interact with the immune cells. What are the agonists and antagonists that alter the cholinergic system, and how are these molecules modulate inflammation and immunity. Understanding the various functions of pharmacological molecules could help in designing better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Halder
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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5
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Longitudinal PET Imaging of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors with [ 18F]ASEM in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:348-357. [PMID: 31286348 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nicotinic acetylcholine alpha-7 receptors (α7R) are involved in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their specific pathophysiologic roles are still unclear. In this context, we studied the evolution of these receptors in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the recently developed tracer 3-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-6-[18F]fluorodibenzo[b,d]thiophene-5,5-dioxide) in a rat model mimicking early stages of PD. PROCEDURES PET imaging of α7R was performed at 3, 7, and 14 days following a partial striatal unilateral lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine in adult rats. After the last imaging experiments, the status of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons as well as different markers of neuroinflammation was evaluated on brain sections by autoradiographic and immunofluorescent experiments. RESULTS We showed an early and transitory rise in α7R expression in the lesioned striatum and substantia nigra, followed by over-expression of several gliosis activation markers in these regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a longitudinally follow-up of α7R in animal models of PD and highlight the requirement to use a potential neuroprotective approach through α7R ligands at the early stages of PD.
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Vetel S, Foucault-Fruchard L, Tronel C, Buron F, Vergote J, Bodard S, Routier S, Sérrière S, Chalon S. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a therapy combining agonists of nicotinic α7 and σ1 receptors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1099-1104. [PMID: 33269756 PMCID: PMC8224116 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no treatment able to stop or slow down the loss of dopaminergic neurons that characterizes Parkinson’s disease. It was recently observed in a rodent model of Alzheimer’s disease that the interaction between the α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and sigma-1 receptor (σ1-R) could exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of neuroinflammation which is one of the key components of the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. In this context, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the concomitant administration of N-(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (PHA) 543613 as an α7-nAChR agonist and 2-(4-morpholinethyl) 1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate (PRE)-084 as a σ1-R agonist in a well-characterized 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease. The animals received either vehicle separately or the dual therapy PHA/PRE once a day until day 14 post-lesion. Although no effect was noticed in the amphetamine-induced rotation test, our data has shown that the PHA/PRE treatment induced partial protection of the dopaminergic neurons (15–20%), assessed by the dopamine transporter density in the striatum and immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, this dual therapy reduced the degree of glial activation consecutive to the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, i.e, the 18 kDa translocation protein density and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in the striatum, and the CD11b and glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in the substantia nigra. Hence, this study reports for the first time that concomitant activation of α7-nAChR and σ1-R can provide a partial recovery of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons through the modulation of microglial activation. The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee (CEEA Val de Loire n°19) validated this protocol (Authorization N°00434.02) on May 15, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vetel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jackie Vergote
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA, UMR CNRS 7311, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Sophie Sérrière
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Braxton AM, Chalmin AL, Najarro KM, Brockhurst JK, Johnson KT, Lyons CE, Daly B, Cryer CG, Vijay S, Cyphers G, Guerrero-Martin SM, Aston SA, McGee K, Su YP, Arav-Boger R, Metcalf Pate KA. Platelet-endothelial associations may promote cytomegalovirus replication in the salivary gland in mice. Platelets 2020; 31:860-868. [PMID: 31726921 PMCID: PMC7220825 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1689383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet decline is a feature of many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in humans and mice. Platelet sequestration in association with other cells, including endothelium and circulating leukocytes, can contribute to this decline and influence the immune response to and pathogenesis of viral infection. We sought to determine if platelet-endothelial associations (PEAs) contribute to platelet decline during acute murine CMV (mCMV) infection, and if these associations affect viral load and production. Male BALB/c mice were infected with mCMV (Smith strain), euthanized at timepoints throughout acute infection and compared to uninfected controls. An increase in PEA formation was confirmed in the salivary gland at all post-inoculation timepoints using immunohistochemistry for CD41+ platelets co-localizing with CD34+ vessels. Platelet depletion did not change amount of viral DNA or timecourse of infection, as measured by qPCR. However, platelet depletion reduced viral titer of mCMV in the salivary glands while undepleted controls demonstrated robust replication in the tissue by plaque assay. Thus, platelet associations with endothelium may enhance the ability of mCMV to replicate within the salivary gland. Further work is needed to determine the mechanisms behind this effect and if pharmacologic inhibition of PEAs may reduce CMV production in acutely infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Braxton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alyssa L. Chalmin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Brockhurst
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karl T. Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Claire E. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Brenna Daly
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, USA
| | - Catherine G. Cryer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shefali Vijay
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Griffin Cyphers
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Selena M. Guerrero-Martin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - S. Andrew Aston
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Psychiatry of Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kirstin McGee
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yu-Pin Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Kelly A. Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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8
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Hafizi M, Kalanaky S, Fakharzadeh S, Janzamin E, Arjmandi T, Atashi A, Nazaran MH. GFc7 as a Smart Growth Nanofactor for ex vivo Expansion and Cryoprotection of Humans' Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6263-6277. [PMID: 32922002 PMCID: PMC7457843 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, smart synthesized nanostructures have attracted wide attention in the field of stem cell nanotechnology due to their effect on different properties of stem cells. Methods GFc7 growth nanofactor was synthesized based on nanochelating technology as an iron-containing copper chelator nanocomplex. The effect of this nanocomplex on the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as its performance as a cryoprotectant was evaluated in the present study. Results The results showed that the absolute count of CD34+ and CD34+CD38- cells on days 4, 7, 10 and 13; the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme on the same days and CD34+CXCR4 population on day 10 were significantly increased when they were treated with GFc7 growth nanofactor in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free medium. This medium also led to delayed differentiation in HSCs. One noticeable result was that CD34+CD38- cells cultured in an FBS medium were immediately differentiated into CD34+CD38+ cells, while CD34+CD38- cells treated with GFc7 growth nanofactor in FBS medium did not show such an immediate significant differentiation. De-freezing GFc7-treated CD34+ cells, which were already frozen according to cord blood bank protocols, showed a higher percentage of cell viability and a larger number of colonies according to colony-forming cell assay as compared to control. Conclusion It can be claimed that treating HSCs with GFc7 growth nanofactor leads to quality and quantity improvement of HSCs, both in terms of expansion in vitro and freezing and de-freezing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tarlan Arjmandi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Li H, Tian X, Wang P, Hu J, Qin R, Xu R, Liu K, Hao J, Tian N. LINC01128 resisted acute myeloid leukemia through regulating miR-4260/NR3C2. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:615-622. [PMID: 32338183 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1740054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a prevalent class of blood disease with a high occurrence rate and relapse rate. The role of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in AML is emerging. MiR-4260 was identified to be a carcinogenic miRNA in colorectal cancer, but never has it been reported in AML. We aimed to study the function and mechanism of miR-4260 in AML. The miR-4260 level was higher in AML cell lines than the normal cell lines. Inhibition of miR-4260 hindered proliferation and increased apoptosis of AML cells. Mechanistically, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1128 (LINC01128) competed with nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) for miR-4260 so as to upregulate NR3C2. We identified the reduced levels of LINC01128 and NR3C2 in AML and it was suggested through rescue assays that LINC01128 repressed AML progression through regulating miR-4260/NR3C2 axis. In conclusion, we firstly uncovered that LINC01128 resisted acute myeloid leukemia through regulating miR-4260/NR3C2, providing novel clues for the treatment improvement of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- The Third Department of Rehabilitation (Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Hunan Children's Hospital , Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Paoqiu Wang
- The Third Department of Rehabilitation (Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Hunan Children's Hospital , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- The First Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children's Hospital , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Qin
- The Second Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Children's Hospital , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingquan Hao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nie Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Han R, Zhang G, Qiao X, Guo Y, Sun L, Li J, Gao C, Sun X. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediates the Neuroprotection of Remote Ischemic Postconditioning in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest. J Surg Res 2019; 246:6-18. [PMID: 31541709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPost) has been shown to reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart and brain. However, the protection mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We have observed that RIPost could alleviate the brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA). The aim of this study was to explore whether α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) mediates the neuroprotection of RIPost in a rat model of asphyxial CA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Asphyxial CA model was induced by occlusion of the tracheal tube for 8 min and resuscitated later. RIPost produced by three cycles of 15-min occlusion and 15-min release of the right hind limb by a tourniquet was performed respectively at the moment and the third hour after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613 and the antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) were used to investigate the role of α7nAChR in mediating neuroprotective effects. RESULTS Results showed that α7nAChR was decreased in hippocampus and cortex after resuscitation, whereas RIPost could attenuate the reduction. The use of PHA-543613 provided neuroprotective effects against cerebral injury after CA. Furthermore, RIPost decreased the levels of neuron-specific enolase, inflammatory mediators, the number of apoptotic cells, and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB while increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. However, the above effects of RIPost were attenuated by α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine. CONCLUSIONS Neuroprotection of RIPost was related with the activation of α7nAChR, which could suppress nuclear factor-κB and activate signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in a rat asphyxial CA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guihe Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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11
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Chalon S, Vercouillie J, Payoux P, Deloye JB, Malherbe C, Le Jeune F, Arlicot N, Salabert AS, Guilloteau D, Emond P, Ribeiro MJ. The Story of the Dopamine Transporter PET Tracer LBT-999: From Conception to Clinical Use. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:90. [PMID: 31131278 PMCID: PMC6509245 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in a number of brain disorders and its exploration by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is highly relevant for the early and differential diagnosis, follow-up and treatment assessment of these diseases. A number of carbon-11 and fluor-18 labeled tracers are to date available for this aim, the majority of them being derived from the chemical structure of cocaine. The development of such a tracer, from its conception to its use, is a long process, the expected result being to obtain the best radiopharmaceutical adapted for clinical protocols. In this context, the cocaine derivative (E)-N-(4-fluorobut-2-enyl)2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4′-tolyl)nortropane, or LBT-999, has passed all the required stages of the development that makes it now a highly relevant imaging tool, particularly in the context of Parkinson's disease. This review describes the different steps of the development of LBT-999 which initially came from its non-fluorinated derivative (E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane, or PE2I, because of its high promising properties. [18F]LBT-999 has been extensively characterized in rodent and non-human primate models, in which it demonstrated its capability to explore in vivo the DAT localized at the dopaminergic nerve endings as well as at the mesencephalic cell bodies, in physiological conditions. In lesion-induced rat models of Parkinson's disease, [18F]LBT-999 was able to precisely quantify in vivo the dopaminergic neuron loss, and to assess the beneficial effects of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological treatment and cell transplantation. Finally recent clinical data demonstrated the efficiency of [18F]LBT-999 in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cécile Malherbe
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Florence Le Jeune
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,University Hospital, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maria-Joao Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU Tours, Tours, France
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12
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Kryklyva V, Haj Mohammad N, Morsink FHM, Ligtenberg MJL, Offerhaus GJA, Nagtegaal ID, de Leng WWJ, Brosens LAA. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is associated with BRCA2 germline mutations: a case report and literature review. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:949-955. [PMID: 31002019 PMCID: PMC6606020 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1595274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with dismal prognosis. Insights into the molecular basis of ACC can pave the way for the application of more effective, personalized therapies and detection of patients with hereditary predisposition. Molecular analysis revealed a germline BRCA2 (and CHEK2) mutation in a patient with a rare pancreatic ACC with extensive intraductal growth. Somatic loss of the wild-type BRCA2 allele in the tumor indicated the causal relationship of ACC with the germline defect. A thorough literature review identified another nine ACCs associated with germline BRCA2 mutation and two ACCs associated with germline BRCA1 mutation, resulting in a prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline mutations in almost 7% of ACCs. Moreover, somatic BRCA1/2 alterations are reported in 16% of sporadic ACCs. Overall, about one fifth (22%) of all pancreatic ACCs exhibit BRCA1/2 deficiency. This study underscores the important role of BRCA1/2 mutations in pancreatic ACC. All ACC patients should undergo genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations to identify carriers of pathogenic variants. This will allow to select patients that can benefit from targeted therapies directed against BRCA1/2-deficient tumors and is also crucial as a referral to genetic screening for the relatives of affected individuals carrying germline BRCA1/2 alterations. Abbreviations: ACC: acinar cell carcinoma; HBOC: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer; LOH: loss of heterozygosity; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PP: pancreatic panniculitis; SD: standard deviation; WES: whole-exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Kryklyva
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- b Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Folkert H M Morsink
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,d Department of Human Genetics , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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13
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Liang H, Chang L, Chen R, Oishi K, Ernst T. Independent and Combined Effects of Chronic HIV-Infection and Tobacco Smoking on Brain Microstructure. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:509-522. [PMID: 30225549 PMCID: PMC6247419 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals (HIV+) have 2-3 times higher prevalence of tobacco smoking than the general U.S. population. This study aims to evaluate the independent and combined effects of tobacco-smoking and HIV-infection on brain microstructure and cognition using a 2 × 2 design. 21 HIV + Smokers, 25 HIV + Nonsmokers, 25 Seronegative (SN)-Smokers and 23 SN-Nonsmokers were evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD) and axial (AD) diffusivity were assessed in 8 major cerebral fiber tracts and 5 subcortical regions. Cognitive performance in 7 neurocognitive domains was also assessed. Compared to SN, HIV+ had higher AD in genu of corpus callosum (GCC, p = 0.002). Smokers also had higher diffusivities in GCC, splenium of corpus callosum (SCC), anterior corona radiata (ACR), sagittal stratum (SS) and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO), than Nonsmokers (p-values<0.001-0.003). Tobacco-Smoking and HIV-infection showed synergistic effects on AD_SS (p = 0.002) and RD_SFO (p = 0.02), but opposite effects in FA_putamen (p = 0.024). Additive effects from HIV+ and Tobacco-Smoking were observed in 9 other white matter tracts, with highest diffusivities and lowest FA in HIV + Smokers. Higher diffusivities in the GCC, SCC, ACR and SS predicted poorer cognitive performance across all participants (p ≤ 0.001). Higher AD_GCC also predicted slower Speed of information processing and poorer Fluency and Attention only in HIV + Smokers (p = 0.001-0.003). Chronic tobacco smoking and HIV-infection appear to have additive and synergistic adverse effects on brain diffusivities, suggesting greater neuroinflammation, which may contribute to poorer cognition. Therefore, chronic tobacco-smoking may be a risk factor for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Liang
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 419 W. Redwood Street, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Alsahebfosoul F, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Ghavimi R, Sedaghat N, Etemadifar M. Serum level of interleukin 36 in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:558-564. [PMID: 30252593 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1520128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of central nervous system with unknown origin. In MS disease, T cells are pointed to myelin antigens and it leads to myelin loss and axonal degeneration. Cytokines are important regulators of immune system and has critical roles in MS pathogenesis. Interleukin 36, a member of interleukin 1 family, has been shown having important roles in some autoimmune disorders due to its proinflammatory actions and its role in host immunity. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the current study, 49 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 41 healthy individuals were recruited. IL36 measurement was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS Mean age of RRMS patient and control group were 31.84 ± 6.89 and 34.27 ± 8.83 years, respectively. Serum level of IL36 were 61.91 ± 16.29 in MS patients and 42.26 ± 17.54 in healthy group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION in this study for the first time, significantly higher serum level of IL36 was determined in RRMS patients comparing healthy individuals. This data may suggest important roles of this cytokine in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Reza Ghavimi
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Nahid Sedaghat
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- d Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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15
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Foucault-Fruchard L, Tronel C, Bodard S, Gulhan Z, Busson J, Chalon S, Antier D. Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment in a rat model of Huntington's disease and involvement of heme oxygenase-1. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:737-741. [PMID: 29722329 PMCID: PMC5950687 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common element involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We recently reported that repeated alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) activations by a potent agonist such as PHA 543613 in quinolinic acid-injured rats exhibited protective effects on neurons. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we established rat models of early-stage Huntington's disease by injection of quinolinic acid into the right striatum and then intraperitoneally injected 12 mg/kg PHA 543613 or sterile water, twice a day during 4 days. Western blot assay results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the key component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, in the right striatum of rat models of Huntington's disease subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PHA 543613 for 4 days was significantly increased compared to the control rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of sterile water, and that the increase in HO-1 expression was independent of change in α7nAChR expression. These findings suggest that HO-1 expression is unrelated to α7nAChR density and the increase in HO-1 expression likely contributes to α7nAChR activation-related neuroprotective effect in early-stage Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Zuhal Gulhan
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Julie Busson
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Daniel Antier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
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16
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The current agonists and positive allosteric modulators of α7 nAChR for CNS indications in clinical trials. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:611-622. [PMID: 29159020 PMCID: PMC5687317 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), consisting of homomeric α7 subunits, is a ligand-gated Ca2+-permeable ion channel implicated in cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. Enhancement of α7 nAChR function is considered to be a potential therapeutic strategy aiming at ameliorating cognitive deficits of neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Currently, a number of α7 nAChR modulators have been reported and several of them have advanced into clinical trials. In this brief review, we outline recent progress made in understanding the role of the α7 nAChR in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and the pharmacological effects of α7 nAChR modulators used in clinical trials.
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Key Words
- 5-CSRTT, five-choice serial reaction time task
- 5-HT, serotonin
- ACh, acetylcholine
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Acetylcholine
- Alpha7
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, amyloid-β peptide
- CNS, central nervous system
- DMTS, delayed matching-to-sample
- ECD, extracellular domain
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- Ion channel
- MLA, methyllycaconitine
- NOR, novel object recognition
- PAMs, positive allosteric modulators
- PCP, neonatal phencyclidine
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PPI, prepulse inhibition
- Positive allosteric modulators
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- Schizophrenia
- TMD, transmembrane domains
- nAChR
- nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
- α-Btx, α-bungarotoxin
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17
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Foucault-Fruchard L, Doméné A, Page G, Windsor M, Emond P, Rodrigues N, Dollé F, Damont A, Buron F, Routier S, Chalon S, Antier D. Neuroprotective effect of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor agonist PHA 543613 in an in vivo excitotoxic adult rat model. Neuroscience 2017; 356:52-63. [PMID: 28527955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key component of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The link between nicotine intake and positive outcome has been established, suggesting a role played by nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), especially α7nAChRs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential dose effects of PHA 543613 on neuron survival and striatal microglial activation in a rat model of brain excitotoxicity. A preliminary study was performed in vitro to confirm PHA 543613 agonist properties on α7nAChRs. Rats were lesioned in the right striatum with quinolinic acid (QA) and received either vehicle or PHA 543613 at 6 or 12mg/kg twice a day until sacrifice at Day 4 post-lesion. We first compared the translocator protein quantitative autoradiography in QA-lesioned brains with [3H]DPA-714 and [3H]PK-11195. The effects of PHA 543613 on microglial activation and neuronal survival were then evaluated through [3H]DPA-714 binding and immunofluorescence staining (Ox-42, NeuN) on adjacent brain sections. We demonstrated that [3H]DPA-714 provides a better signal-to-noise ratio than [3H]PK-11195. Furthermore, we showed that repeated PHA 543613 administration at a dose of 12mg/kg to QA-lesioned rats significantly protected neurons and reduced the intensity of microglial activation. This study reinforces the hypothesis that α7nAChR agonists can provide beneficial effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through potential modulation of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France.
| | - Aurélie Doméné
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Guylène Page
- EA3808 - CiMoTheMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Nuno Rodrigues
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Buron
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- UMR CNRS 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Daniel Antier
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France.
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18
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Tizabi Y, Getachew B. Nicotinic Receptor Intervention in Parkinson's Disease: Future Directions. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 1:14-19. [PMID: 29863173 PMCID: PMC5975393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient preclinical and epidemiological data are available to justify nicotinic intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although use of nicotine patch has been suggested in some neurodegenerative disorders, including PD, the key for success with nicotinic intervention, particularly in PD, appears to rely not only on the dose but also on the mode of nicotine administration. Our aim in this short review is to provide justification for such contention. Thus, following a short introduction of nicotinic receptor pharmacology, the potential of nicotine in alleviating not only the motor symptoms, but also the mood disorders (e.g. depression) and mild cognitive impairments that are commonly co-morbid with PD will be presented. Moreover, since current PD therapy is associated with dyskinesia, the effectiveness of nicotine in ameliorating levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced dyskinesia will also be discussed. It is suggested that pulsatile nicotine administration (e.g. via inhalation or nasal spray) may be the optimal route in nicotinic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
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19
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Xue J, Yang J, Luo M, Cho WC, Liu X. MicroRNA-targeted therapeutics for lung cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:141-157. [PMID: 27866431 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1263298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that repress the expression of a broad array of target genes. Many efforts have been made to therapeutically target miRNAs in cancer treatments using miRNA mimics and miRNA antagonists. Areas covered: This article summarizes the recent findings with the role of miRNAs in lung cancer, and discusses the potential and challenges of developing miRNA-targeted therapeutics in this dreadful disease. Expert opinion: The development of miRNA-targeted therapeutics has become an important anti-cancer strategy. Results from both preclinical and clinical trials of microRNA replacement therapy have shown some promise in cancer treatment. However, some obstacles, including drug delivery, specificity, off-target effect, toxicity mediation, immunological activation and dosage determination should be addressed. Several delivery strategies have been employed, including naked oligonucleotides, liposomes, aptamer-conjugates, nanoparticles and viral vectors. However, delivery remains a main challenge in miRNA-targeting therapeutics. Furthermore, immune-related serious adverse events are also a concern, which indicates the complexity of miRNA-based therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,b College of Life Science , Ningxia University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Jiali Yang
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - Meihui Luo
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China
| | - William C Cho
- c Department of Clinical Oncology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- a Center of Laboratory Medicine , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , China.,b College of Life Science , Ningxia University , Yinchuan , China.,d Human Stem Cell Institute , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
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20
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Perez XA. Preclinical Evidence for a Role of the Nicotinic Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:371-83. [PMID: 26553323 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to striatal dopaminergic deficits that underlie the motor symptoms associated with the disease. A plethora of animal models have been developed over the years to uncover the molecular alterations that lead to PD development. These models have provided valuable information on neurotransmitter pathways and mechanisms involved. One such a system is the nicotinic cholinergic system. Numerous studies show that nigrostriatal damage affects nicotinic receptor-mediated dopaminergic signaling; therefore therapeutic modulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system may offer a novel approach to manage PD. In fact, there is evidence showing that nicotinic receptor drugs may be useful as neuroprotective agents to prevent Parkinson's disease progression. Additional preclinical studies also show that nicotinic receptor drugs may be beneficial for the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias. Here, we review preclinical findings supporting the idea that nicotinic receptors are valuable therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara A Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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