1
|
Liu R, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wang H, Lan Y, Tang X. Epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection under new control strategy: a cross-sectional study of the outbreak since December 2022 in Sichuan, China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2463. [PMID: 38066518 PMCID: PMC10709916 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major shift in the "dynamic zero-COVID" policy was announced by China's National Health Commission on December 7, 2022, and the subsequent immediate large-scale outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the entire country has caused worldwide concern. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak in Sichuan, China. METHODS All data were self-reported online by volunteers. We described the epidemic by characterizing the infection, symptoms, clinical duration, severity, spatiotemporal clustering, and dynamic features of the disease. Prevalence ratio (PR), Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs were calculated to analyze the associations between risk factors and infection and the associations of risk factors with clinical severity using log-binomial and multivariable logistic regression models; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Wald test results were reported. The prevalence rates and clinical severity among different subgroups were compared using the Chi-square and trend Chi-square tests. RESULTS Between January 6 and 12, 2023, 138,073 volunteers were enrolled in this survey, and 102,645 were infected with COVID-19, holding a prevalence rate of 74.34%; the proportion of asymptomatic infections was 1.58%. Log-binomial regression revealed that the risk of infection increased among those living in urban areas. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, chronic diseases, older age and the fewer doses of vaccine received were associated with an increased risk of severe clinical outcomes after infection. We estimated the mean reproduction number during this pandemic was 1.83. The highest time-dependent reproduction number was 4.15; this number decreased below 1 after 11 days from December 7, 2022. Temporal trends revealed a single peak curve with a plateau pattern of incidence during the outbreak, whereas spatiotemporal clustering analysis showed that the onset in 21 cities in the Sichuan province had four-wave peaks. CONCLUSIONS The peak of the first wave of Omicron infection in Sichuan Province had passed and could be considered a snapshot of China under the new control strategy. There were significant increases in the risk of severe clinical outcomes after infection among females, with chronic diseases, and the elderly. The vaccines have been effective in reducing poor clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runyou Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- West China Hospital, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingxuan Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yajia Lan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Triyono EA, Wahyuhadi J, Waloejo CS, Perdana DA, Nabilah, Dewanti S, Hidayat AA, Lusida MAP, Sarasati F, Dharma NAK, Al Razzak MIZ, Wiranegara TH, Ali ND. Clinical Characteristics of 6102 Asymptomatic and Mild Cases for Patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:366-376. [PMID: 37606390 PMCID: PMC10443372 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in confirmed cases, making epidemiological studies crucial for identifying the source of transmission and developing effective treatment methods. We conducted a study on the clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia. METHODS This is an epidemiological study involving 6102 patients who were admitted to the Indrapura forefront hospital in Surabaya from May 2020 to February 2021. We described demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 6102 patients were involved in this study, with 3664 (60.04%) being male and 2438 (39.95%) being female. The age range of 21-30 years was the most prevalent, accounting for 31.1% (1898 patients). The population had 1476 patients (24.2%) with comorbid conditions. The most prevalent comorbidity observed among these patients was hypertension, affecting 1015 individuals (16.6%). Out of the total 6006 patients observed, 40.7% (n = 2486) were asymptomatic, 54.6% (n = 3329) had mild symptoms, and 3.1% (n = 191) had moderate symptoms. All patients were administered supportive therapy without the use of antiviral medication. Out of the 6102 patients included in the study, 5923 patients (97.1%) achieved a cure, 36 patients (0.6%) are currently undergoing treatment, 142 patients (2.3%) were referred for desaturation indications (SpO2 < 94%), and one patient died due to a suspected cardiovascular event. Out of the total number of patients, 74.5% (4529 patients) had an average length of stay (LOS) of less than 10 days, while 25.6% (1563 patients) had an average length of stay of more than 10 days. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients at a rescue hospital varies significantly based on the age and sex of patients. Cough and hyposmia are commonly observed symptoms. Supportive therapy is effective, and strict implementation of social distancing is crucial in preventing the spread of this disease from individuals who are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Astha Triyono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Joni Wahyuhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Christijogo Soemartono Waloejo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Dimas Aji Perdana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Nabilah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Sisilia Dewanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Amal Arifi Hidayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Michael Austin Pradipta Lusida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.A.P.); (N.); (S.D.); (A.A.H.); (M.A.P.L.)
| | - Fani Sarasati
- Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia (N.A.K.D.); (M.I.Z.A.R.); (T.H.W.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Ngurah Arie Kapindra Dharma
- Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia (N.A.K.D.); (M.I.Z.A.R.); (T.H.W.); (N.D.A.)
| | | | - Tanri Hadinata Wiranegara
- Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia (N.A.K.D.); (M.I.Z.A.R.); (T.H.W.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nurarifah Destianizar Ali
- Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia (N.A.K.D.); (M.I.Z.A.R.); (T.H.W.); (N.D.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Legese YM, Gebru SB, Gebremariam AG, Tesfay ZA. Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among chronic disease patients visiting public hospitals. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17734. [PMID: 37441094 PMCID: PMC10300203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a potentially severe acute respiratory infection first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is currently a global health issue and a public health emergency for the entire world, including Ethiopia. People with comorbidities of chronic disease are at higher risk for severe disease and death from this virus. Hence, in order to better control the COVID-19 pandemic, their understanding, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 prevention measures should be improved. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of chronically ill patients toward COVID-19 among chronic disease patients. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among patients with chronic diseases visiting public hospitals in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, from April to June 2021. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to retrieve data from systematically selected 319 chronic disease patients. The data were entered using EpiData version 4.4.2.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. Significance was determined at a p value of <0.05, and association was described by using an odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 319 patients with chronic diseases participated in this study, with a 100% response rate. Out of 319 study participants, 51.1% had good knowledge, 59.9% had a positive attitude, and about half (49.2%) had good practices toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis revealed that study participants completed secondary school (AOR = 4.691, 95%CI = 1.846-11.918), had college or higher educational levels (AOR = 4.626, 95%CI = 1.790-11.955) were positively associated with good knowledge towards COVID 19 where as those who aged 50 and up (AOR = 0.415, 95%CI = 0.227-0.759), divorced (AOR = 0.298, 95%CI = 0.116-0.764), and widowed (AOR = 0.115, 95%CI = 0.025-0.528) were negatively associated with it. Positive attitude had a statistically significant association with sex, being male (AOR = 0.471, 95%CI = 0.265-0.837), and occupation, being merchants (AOR = 4.697, 95%CI = 1.174-18.795), private employees (AOR = 4.484, 95%CI = 1.182-17.008) and housewives (AOR = 5.292, 95%CI = 1.372-20.414). Moreover, good knowledge (AOR = 4.047,95%CI = 2.205-7.427) and a positive attitude (AOR = 5.756,95%CI = 3.244-10.211) were factors significantly associated with the good practices of study participants towards COVID-19. Conclusion Less than two thirds of the study participants had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices overall about the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals and other responsible bodies should provide public education about COVID-19 and its prevention measures to chronic disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Moges Legese
- Department of Health System, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Shifare Berhe Gebru
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zewde Abraha Tesfay
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Hu X, Geng L, Li N, Chen Y, Zhang J, Yuan X, Huang L, Ba D, Lian J, Lyu X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Chen B. Multi-effective characteristics and advantages of acupuncture in COVID-19 treatment. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2023; 3:83-95. [PMID: 37810368 PMCID: PMC10317192 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major disease that threatens human life and health. Its pathogenesis is complex and still not fully clarified. The clinical treatment is mainly supportive and lacks specific treatment methods. Acupuncture treatment can inhibit immune inflammatory reactions, neuroinflammatory reactions, oxidative stress levels, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, improve lung function, and relieve migraine, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. However, whether acupuncture treatment is suitable for treating these symptoms in patients with COVID-19 still needs to be investigated. For this review, the literature was systematically searched for multiple databases to summarize the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for COVID-19-related symptoms and complications. A complex network analysis of acupoints and symptoms was also performed to clarify acupoint selection in the acupuncture treatment of symptoms related to COVID-19. The evidence indicates that acupuncture can improve the respiratory, digestive, nervous, and mental and psychological symptoms related to COVID-19 by inhibiting immune inflammatory reactions, regulating intestinal flora, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress level, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, neurotransmitter release, and HPA axis activity, and alleviating basic diseases such as diseases of the vascular system. Acupuncture can improve various clinical and concomitant symptoms of COVID-19; however, its mechanism of action is complex and requires further study. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A54.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyou Hu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianqi Geng
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Ba
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyu Lian
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lyu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM Tianjin,Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, the United States of America
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM Tianjin,Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paz-Velarde BA, Arellano-Arteaga KJ, Bedolla-Pulido A, Morales-Romero J, Rodríguez-Lizola JM, Bedolla-Barajas M. [Prevalence of asthma in patients hospitalized for pneumonia associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:1-7. [PMID: 37566750 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i1.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between asthma and COVID-19 remains controversial. Objective. To establish the prevalence of asthma in a sample of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia; furthermore, to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with asthma compared to patients without asthma. METHODS Clinical data corresponding to 120 patients hospitalized for pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed. Patients with and without asthma were compared based on COVID-19 severity. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was 3.5% (95% CI: 2.0% to 5.1%). When comparing the severity of COVID-19 among asthma patients with non-asthma patients, it did not differ based on symptoms, comorbidity, duration of symptoms, need for assisted mechanical ventilation, biomarkers of inflammation, and the occurrence of death. Patients with asthma and COVID-19 showed a high T2 phenotype, poor respiratory function, and no regular treatment for asthma control. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in the frequency of assisted mechanical ventilation or death were observed between patients hospitalized for COVID-19-associated pneumonia with and without a history of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angie Bedolla-Pulido
- Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | | | | | - Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Centro de Atención Respiratoria Integral, servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Briggs MS, Kolbus ES, Patterson KM, Harmon-Matthews LE, McGrath SL, Quatman-Yates CC, Meirelles C, Salsberry MJ. How oral intake, mobility, and activity measures can inform discharge recommendations: A retrospective analysis of hospitalized inmate and non-inmate COVID-19 patients. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2023. [PMID: 37224276 DOI: 10.2196/43250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who were incarcerated were disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 compared to the general public. Further, the impact of multidisciplinary rehabilitation assessments and interventions on the outcomes of patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 is limited. OBJECTIVE To compare functional outcomes of oral intake, mobility, and activity between inmates and non-inmates who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and examine the relationships among these functional measures and discharge destination. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 at a large academic medical center. Scores on functional measures including Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) were collected and compared between inmates and non-inmates. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of 1) whether patients were discharged to the same place they were admitted and 2) patients being discharged with a total oral diet with no restrictions. Independent variables were considered significant if the 95% CIs of the odds ratios (ORs) did not include 1.0. RESULTS A total of 83 patients (inmates, n=38; non-inmates, n=45) were included in the final analysis. There were no differences between inmates and non-inmates on initial (P=.39) and final FOIS scores (P=.35) or on initial, final, or change scores (P>.05) on the AM-PAC. When examining separate regression models using AM-PAC mobility or AM-PAC activity scores as independent variables, greater age upon admission decreased the odds (OR=0.922; 95%CI=0.875 to 0.972 and OR=0.918; 95%CI=0.871 to 0.968) of patients being discharged with a total oral diet with no restrictions. The following factors increased the odds of patients being discharged to the same place they were admitted from: being an inmate (OR=5.285; 95%CI= 1.334 to 20.931) and (OR=6.083; 95%CI=1.548 to 23.912); "Other" race (OR=7.596; 95%CI=1.203 to 47.968) and (OR=8.515; 95%CI=1.311 to 55.291); and female sex (OR=4.671; 95%CI=1.086 to 20.092) and (OR=4.977; 95%CI=1.146 to 21.615). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide an opportunity to learn how functional measures may be used to better understand discharge outcomes in both inmate and non-inmate patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 during the initial period of the pandemic. CLINICALTRIAL
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scott Briggs
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, US
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, US
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, US
| | - Erin Shevawn Kolbus
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| | - Kevin Michael Patterson
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| | | | - Shana Lee McGrath
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| | - Catherine Celeste Quatman-Yates
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, US
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| | - Cristiane Meirelles
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, US
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| | - Marka Jean Salsberry
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, US
- Rehabilitation Services, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave., Columbus, US
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Homberg T, Hernández PM, Pérez-Tapia SM, Jiménez-Martínez MC. [Validation of a symptom scale for COVID-19 patients in ambulatory care]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:348-355. [PMID: 37216678 PMCID: PMC10437239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background A symptom scale can be useful for the standardization of clinical evaluations and follow-up of COVID-19 patients in ambultaroy care. Scale development should be accompanied by an assessment of its reliablility and validity. Objective To develop and measure the psychometric characteristics of a COVID-19 symptom scale to be answered by either healthcare personnel or adult patients in ambulatory care. Material and methods The scale was developed by an expert panel using the Delphi method. We evaluated inter-rater reliability, where we defined a good correlation if Spearman's Rho was ≥ 0.8; test-retest, where we defined a good correlation if Spearman's Rho was ≥ 0.7; factor analysis using principal component methodology; and discriminant validity using Mann-Whitney's U test. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We obtained an 8 symptom scale, each symptom is scored from 0-4, with a total minimum score of 0 and a maximum of 32 points. Inter-rater reliability was 0.995 (n = 31), test-retest showed correlation of 0.88 (n = 22), factor analysis detected 4 factors (n = 40) and discriminant capacity of healthy versus sick adults was significant (p < 0.0001, n = 60). Conclusions We obtained a reliable and valid Spanish (from Mexico) symptom scale for COVID-19 ambulatory care, answerable by patients and health care staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Homberg
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Servicios Externos e Investigación Clínica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico NacionalMéxico
| | - Pedro Martín Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioestadística. Ciudad de México, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Innovación y Desarrollo en Bioterapéuticos. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Politécnico NacionalMéxico
| | - María C Jiménez-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yildiz B, Kaptan Z, Yildiz T, Elibol E, Yildiz H, Ozbilgin M. A systematic review and meta-analytic synthesis of the relationship between compulsory citizenship behaviors and its theoretical correlates. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1120209. [PMID: 37213371 PMCID: PMC10192750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compulsory citizenship behaviors (CCBs) are increasingly endorsed and expected of workers in contexts where managerial worker protections are low and performance demands on workers are high. Although studies on compulsory citizenship behaviors have shown a significant increase in recent years, the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis. To fill this gap the purpose of this study is to synthesize the collective outcomes of prior quantitative research on CCBs with the objective of identifying the factors linked to the concept and offering a primary reference for future researchers. Methods Forty-three different correlates with CCBs were synthesized. The dataset of this meta-analysis consists of 53 independent samples with a sample size of 17.491, contributing to 180 effect sizes. PRISMA flow diagram and PICOS framework were used for the study design. Result Results showed only gender and age were significant among demographic characteristics related to CCBs. Correlates between CCBs and counterproductive workplace behaviors, felt obligation, work-family conflict, organizational-based self-esteem, organizational cynicism, burnout, anger toward the organization, and work alienation were found as large. We also found turnover intention, moral disengagement, careerism, abusive supervision, citizenship pressure, job stress, facades of conformity, and feeling trusted to be moderately related to CCBs. Next, there was a small relationship between CCBs and social loafing. On the other hand, LMX, psychological safety, organizational identification, organizational justice, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job autonomy were found as significant deterrents of CCBs. These results suggest that CCBs flourish in contexts with low levels of worker protection and low road practices to people management. Conclusion In sum, we found solid cumulative evidence that CCBs are a harmful and undesirable phenomenon for employees and organizations. Also, positive correlations of felt obligation, feeling trusted, and organization-based self-esteem with CCBs, showed that, contrary to general acceptance, positive factors could also cause CCBs. Lastly, we found CCBs as a dominant phenomenon in eastern culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Yildiz
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Organizational Psychology, School of Business, Economics and Informatics, University of London-Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeynep Kaptan
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tayfun Yildiz
- Department of Management and Organization, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Türkiye
| | - Esengul Elibol
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Harun Yildiz
- Department of International Trade, Omer Seyfettin Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
- Brunel Business School, Organisations and People, College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Ozbilgin
- Brunel Business School, Organisations and People, College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mustafa Ozbilgin
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faridl M, Mellyani K, Khoirunnisa K, Septiani P, Giri-Rachman EA, Nugrahapraja H, Rahmawati E, Alamanda CNC, Ristandi RB, Rachman RW, Robiani R, Fibriani A. RNA sequence analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs from asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:449-460. [PMID: 35760384 PMCID: PMC9233886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The characterization of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with COVID-19 by observing changes in gene expression profile and possible bacterial coinfection is relevant to be investigated. We aimed to identify transcriptomic and coinfection profiles in both groups of patients. METHODS A ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence analysis on nasopharyngeal swabs were performed using a shotgun sequencing pipeline. Differential gene analysis, viral genome assembly, and metagenomics analysis were further performed using the retrieved data. RESULTS Both groups of patients underwent a cilia modification and mRNA splicing. Modulations in macroautophagy, epigenetics, and cell cycle processes were observed specifically in the asymptomatic group. Modulation in the RNA transport was found specifically in the mildly symptomatic group. The mildly symptomatic group showed modulation in the RNA transport and upregulation of autophagy regulator genes and genes in the complement system. No link between viral variants and disease severity was found. Microbiome analysis revealed the elevation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Veillonella parvula proportion in symptomatic patients. CONCLUSION A reduction in the autophagy influx and modification in the epigenetic profile might be involved in halting the disease progression. A global dysregulation of RNA processing and translation might cause more severe outcomes in symptomatic individuals. Coinfection by opportunistic microflora should be taken into account when assessing the possible outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miftahul Faridl
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Karlina Mellyani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Karimatu Khoirunnisa
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Popi Septiani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ema Rahmawati
- West Java Health Laboratory, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Rini Robiani
- West Java Health Laboratory, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Azzania Fibriani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,Corresponding author at: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Odacı H, Kaya F, Aydın F. Does educational stress mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and academic life satisfaction in teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic? PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22766. [PMID: 35942391 PMCID: PMC9350207 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of educational stress in the relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and academic life satisfaction among teenagers. The sample consisted of 257 female and 202 male high school students with an average age of 16.03 (SD = 1.21) continuing their education in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. The data were collected via an online survey. Analyses revealed that intolerance of uncertainty directly and indirectly via educational stress affects the academic life satisfaction of teenagers. Educational stress partially mediates the relationship. It was also found that the full mediation model has a good fit with the data. The academic life satisfaction of teenagers was harmed by their tendencies in tolerating the uncertainties they have been facing during the COVID-19 pandemic and elevated levels of educational stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Odacı
- Department of Social PsychologyKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Feridun Kaya
- Department of PsychometricsAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Department of Counseling and GuidanceSivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Halpin DMG, Rabe AP, Loke WJ, Grieve S, Daniele P, Hwang S, Forsythe A. Epidemiology, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Mortality of Asthma and COPD in COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:811-825. [PMID: 35747745 PMCID: PMC9211747 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s360985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There has been concern that asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] increase the risk of developing and exacerbating COVID-19. The effect of medications such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologics on COVID-19 is unclear. This systematic literature review analyzed the published evidence on epidemiology and the burden of illness of asthma and COPD, and the use of baseline medicines among COVID-19 populations. Patients and Methods Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Embase®, MEDLINE® and Cochrane were searched (January 2019–August 2021). The prevalence of asthma or COPD among COVID-19 populations was compared to the country-specific populations. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated to compare healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) rates, and meta-analyses of outcomes were estimated from age-adjusted ORs (aORs) or hazard ratios (aHRs). Meta-analyses of COVID-19 outcomes were conducted using random effects models for binary outcomes. Results Given the number and heterogeneity of studies, only 183 high-quality studies were analyzed, which reported hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ventilation/intubation, or mortality. Asthma patients were not at increased risk for COVID-19–related hospitalization (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.20), ICU admission (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.1.48), ventilation/intubation (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.62), or mortality (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.96). Accounting for confounding variables, COPD patients were at higher risk of hospitalization (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.61), ICU admission (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.51), and mortality (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.65). Sixty-five studies reported outcomes associated with ICS or biologic use. There was limited evidence that ICS or biologics significantly impacted the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, HCRU, or mortality in asthma or COPD patients. Conclusion In high-quality studies included, patients with asthma were not at significantly higher odds for adverse COVID-19–related outcomes, while patients with COPD were at higher odds. There was no clear evidence that baseline medication affected outcomes. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42021233963).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M G Halpin
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Adrian Paul Rabe
- Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Jie Loke
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK.,Ways Group, London, UK
| | - Stacy Grieve
- North America Real World Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Daniele
- North America Real World Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sanghee Hwang
- North America Real World Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Anna Forsythe
- North America Real World Advanced Analytics, Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA.,Value and Access, Cytel, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schäfer E, Scheer C, Saljé K, Fritz A, Kohlmann T, Hübner NO, Napp M, Fiedler-Lacombe L, Stahl D, Rauch B, Nauck M, Völker U, Felix S, Lucchese G, Flöel A, Engeli S, Hoffmann W, Hahnenkamp K, Tzvetkov MV. Course of disease and risk factors for hospitalization in outpatients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7249. [PMID: 35508524 PMCID: PMC9065670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed symptoms and comorbidities as predictors of hospitalization in 710 outpatients in North-East Germany with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the first 3 days of infection, commonly reported symptoms were fatigue (71.8%), arthralgia/myalgia (56.8%), headache (55.1%), and dry cough (51.8%). Loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia), dyspnea, and productive cough were reported with an onset of 4 days. Anosmia or ageusia were reported by only 18% of the participants at day one, but up to 49% between days 7 and 9. Not all participants who reported ageusia also reported anosmia. Individuals suffering from ageusia without anosmia were at highest risk of hospitalization (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.5-18.1). They also experienced more commonly dyspnea and nausea (OR of 3.0, 2.9, respectively) suggesting pathophysiological connections between these symptoms. Other symptoms significantly associated with increased risk of hospitalization were dyspnea, vomiting, and fever. Among basic parameters and comorbidities, age > 60 years, COPD, prior stroke, diabetes, kidney and cardiac diseases were also associated with increased risk of hospitalization. In conclusion, due to the delayed onset, ageusia and anosmia may be of limited use in differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. However, differentiation between ageusia and anosmia may be useful for evaluating risk for hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eik Schäfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scheer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Saljé
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Fritz
- Department of General Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohlmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nils-Olaf Hübner
- Central Unit for Infection Prevention and Control, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Napp
- Departments of Emergency and Acute Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lizon Fiedler-Lacombe
- Independent Trusted Third Party, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dana Stahl
- Independent Trusted Third Party, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rauch
- Department of General Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Engeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Hahnenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Department of General Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos CJ, Nuradin N, Joplin C, Leigh AE, Burke RV, Rome R, McCall J, Raines AM. Risk factors for delirium among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114375. [PMID: 35030378 PMCID: PMC8716145 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There have been increasing reports of atypical neuropsychological symptoms among patients hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although numerous pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to account for the association between COVID-19 and delirium, few studies have examined factors associated with its development and none have done so in the context of a veteran sample. The current study exploratorily examined demographic and medical variables that might be associated with delirium among a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans. Demographic and medical data were extracted from the computerized patient records of 162 veterans who were admitted to a large southeastern Veterans Affairs hospital for COVID-19 complications between March 1, 2020 and April 20, 2020. At the zero-order level, age, a history of cardiovascular illness, length of stay, intensive care unit admission, initiation of new dialysis, and the development of new thromboembolic or cardiac findings were associated with delirium. However, when simultaneously examining the impact of these predictor variables in a logistic regression, only length of stay and new cardiac findings increased the odds of delirium. Findings highlight the importance of continued investigation into factors that may account for neuropsychiatric dysfunction among COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Santos
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA,South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, LA, USA,Corresponding author at: Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Nebil Nuradin
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher Joplin
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Leigh
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca V. Burke
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robin Rome
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan McCall
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amanda M. Raines
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA,South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), New Orleans, LA, USA,School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Angeli M, Neofotistos G, Mattheakis M, Kaxiras E. Modeling the effect of the vaccination campaign on the COVID-19 pandemic. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2022; 154:111621. [PMID: 34815624 PMCID: PMC8603113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Population-wide vaccination is critical for containing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic when combined with restrictive and prevention measures. In this study we introduce SAIVR, a mathematical model able to forecast the COVID-19 epidemic evolution during the vaccination campaign. SAIVR extends the widely used Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model by considering the Asymptomatic (A) and Vaccinated (V) compartments. The model contains several parameters and initial conditions that are estimated by employing a semi-supervised machine learning procedure. After training an unsupervised neural network to solve the SAIVR differential equations, a supervised framework then estimates the optimal conditions and parameters that best fit recent infectious curves of 27 countries. Instructed by these results, we performed an extensive study on the temporal evolution of the pandemic under varying values of roll-out daily rates, vaccine efficacy, and a broad range of societal vaccine hesitancy/denial levels. The concept of herd immunity is questioned by studying future scenarios which involve different vaccination efforts and more infectious COVID-19 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Angeli
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Georgios Neofotistos
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marios Mattheakis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mbagwu JPC, Olajugba JO, James-Okoro PP, Blessing O. Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 34514172 PMCID: PMC8418277 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-021-00099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of COVID-19 research has been devoted to characterizing the epidemiology and early clinical aspects of the virus. In Lagos, Nigeria, we looked at the temporal progression of COVID-19 patients. We included 1337 confirmed COVID-19 cases in our study from February 27th to March 27th 2020. Of the 1337 patients enrolled, the median age was 50 years old, and 800 (59.83%) were male while 537 (40.16%) were female. METHOD In symptomatic patients, the time from the beginning of signs to admission was 4 (2-7) days. Fever occurred in 217 (16.2%) while cough occurred in 211(15.78%) patients respectively. Patients were given 5-6 treatment, including nutrition support, supplementary oxygen, and antiviral medicines (e.g., Remdesivir, dexamethasone) in a limited percentage of cases. The assessed median period of infection in all patients was 10 days after the start of symptoms (95 confidential intervals [CIs]: 8-11 days). The duration of fever was slightly longer in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) than in those who were not (31 days versus 9 days, respectively, P < 0.003). RESULTS On day 7 after the onset of symptoms, radiological deterioration of the original picture was found in 500 (37.39%) patients. On day 13, 154 of these patients (94.5%) showed signs of radiological improvement. The average time it took for upper respiratory tract samples to test negative for reverse transcriptase PCR was 10 days (90 percent confidence interval: 10-12 days). Virus clearance was more significant in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients (P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Community members should continue to adhere to the recommended methods of preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection and patients should seek care early to reduce the risk of mortality associated with the infection as rapidly as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JP. C. Mbagwu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - J. O. Olajugba
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Obidike Blessing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Tunisia, France, and Germany: A Systematic Mapping Review of the Different National Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168622. [PMID: 34444371 PMCID: PMC8391965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The multitude of national strategies used against the COVID-19 pandemic makes it necessary to review and synthesize them in order to identify potential gaps and shortcomings, and to help prioritize future control efforts. This systematic mapping review is aimed at identifying the coronavirus pandemic management strategies adopted by France, Tunisia, and Germany during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. A set of government websites in addition to the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify scientific articles and institutional documents related to the national strategies of the three countries up until July 2020. The references included were mapped and narratively synthesized based on the pillars of the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan defined by the World Health Organization. Of the 2765 records screened, 65 documents were included in the study. The analysis of these documents showed that Germany was the first country to implement mass screening of cases and that France was the first country to implement measures to impose general containment at the national level. It also showed that Tunisia was the only country to have imposed the confinement of passengers on repatriation flights in dedicated containment centers and at the expense of the state.
Collapse
|
17
|
Haidary AM, Noor S, Hamed E, Baryali T, Rahmani S, Ahmad M, Erfani F, Azimi H, Habib HUR, Tahiri GA, Saadaat R, Ibrahimkhil AS, Esmat E, Malakzai HA. Acute motor-sensory axonal polyneuropathy variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating the recovery phase of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:379. [PMID: 34271989 PMCID: PMC8283095 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The novel coronavirus, since its first identification in China, in December 2019, has shown remarkable heterogeneity in its clinical behavior. It has affected humans on every continent. Clinically, it has affected every organ system. The outcome has also been variable, with most of the older patients showing grave outcomes as compared with the younger individuals. Here we present a rare and severe variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome that complicated the disease in recovery phase. Case presentation A 60-year-old Afghan man, who had been recovering from symptoms related to novel coronavirus associated disease, presented with sudden onset of progressive muscle weakness and oxygen desaturation. Electrophysiological workup confirmed the diagnosis of Guillain–Barre syndrome, and early institution of intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in complete resolution. Conclusion Guillain–Barre syndrome has recently been reported in many patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus associated disease. While clinical suspicion is mandatory to guide towards an effective diagnostic workup, early diagnosis of this complication and timely institution of therapeutic interventions are indispensable and lifesaving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Maseh Haidary
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Sarah Noor
- Department of Medicine, Jumhoriat Hospital, Afghan Ministry of Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Esmatullah Hamed
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Tawab Baryali
- Department of Quality, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Soma Rahmani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Maryam Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Farahnaz Erfani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hashmatullah Azimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Habib Ul Rahman Habib
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Gul Ahmad Tahiri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ramin Saadaat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdul Sami Ibrahimkhil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Esmatullah Esmat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Haider Ali Malakzai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, French medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chua PEY, Shah SU, Gui H, Koh J, Somani J, Pang J. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-severe and severe pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients across different geographical regions in the early phase of pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1287-1296. [PMID: 34135068 PMCID: PMC8485127 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic and meta-review aimed to compare clinical presentation, outcomes, and care management among patients with COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. A total of 77 peer-reviewed publications were identified between January 1, 2020 and April 9, 2020 from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Chinese Medical Journal databases. Subsequently, meta-analysis of 40 non-overlapping studies, comprising of 4844 patients from seven countries, was conducted to see differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory outcomes across patients from different geographical regions (Wuhan, other parts of China and outside China), severity (non-severe, severe and fatal) and age groups (adults and children). Patients from Wuhan had a higher mean age (54.3 years) and rates of dyspnea (39.5%) compared with patients from other parts of China and outside China. Myalgia, fatigue, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatalities were also significantly more prevalent among Wuhan patients. A significant dose–response increase in prevalence of diabetes, D-dimer, white blood cells, neutrophil levels and ARDS was seen from non-severe to severe and fatal outcomes. A significant increase in mean duration of symptom onset to admission was seen between non-severe cases (4.2 days) and severe and fatal cases (6.3 days and 8.8 days, respectively). Proportion of asymptomatic cases was higher in children (20%) compared with adults (2.4%). In conclusion, patients with COVID-19 from Wuhan displayed more severe clinical disease during the early phase of the pandemic, while disease severity was significantly lesser among pediatric cases. This review suggests that biomarkers at admission may be useful for prognosis among patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearleen Ee Yong Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shimoni Urvish Shah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hao Gui
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jiayun Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Agrupis KA, Smith C, Suzuki S, Villanueva AM, Ariyoshi K, Solante R, Telan EF, Estrada KA, Uichanco AC, Sagurit J, Calayo J, Umipig D, Dela Merced Z, Villarama F, Dimaano E, Villarama JB, Lopez E, Sayo AR. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 500 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients in a tertiary infectious disease referral hospital in Manila, Philippines. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:48. [PMID: 34118992 PMCID: PMC8196293 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Philippines has been one of the most affected COVID-19 countries in the Western Pacific region, but there are limited data on COVID-19-related mortality and associated factors from this setting. We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and associations with mortality among COVID-19-confirmed individuals admitted to an infectious diseases referral hospital in Metro Manila. Main text This was a single-centre retrospective analysis including the first 500 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 individuals admitted to San Lazaro Hospital, Metro Manila, Philippines, from January to October 2020. We extracted clinical data and examined epidemiological and clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Of the 500 individuals, 133 (26.6%) were healthcare workers (HCW) and 367 (73.4%) were non-HCW, with HCW more likely presenting with milder symptoms. Non-HCW admissions were more likely to have at least one underlying disease (51.6% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.002), with hypertension (35.4%), diabetes (17.4%), and tuberculosis (8.2%) being the most common. Sixty-one (12.2%) died, comprising 1 HCW and 60 non-HCW (0.7% vs. 16.3%; p < 0.001). Among the non-HCW, no death occurred for the 0–10 years age group, but deaths were recorded across all other age groups. Compared to those who recovered, individuals who died were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), male (p = 0.015), report difficulty of breathing (p < 0.001), be HIV positive (p = 0.008), be intubated (p < 0.001), categorised as severe or critical (p < 0.001), have a shorter mean hospital stay (p < 0.001), or have an additional diagnosis of pneumonia (p < 0.001) or ARDS (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our analysis reflected significant differences in characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes between healthcare and non-healthcare workers. Despite the unique mix of cohorts, our results support the country’s national guideline on COVID-19 vaccination which prioritises healthcare workers, the elderly, and people with comorbidities and immunodeficiency states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristal An Agrupis
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,San Lazaro Hospital-Nagasaki University Collaborative Research Office, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chris Smith
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,San Lazaro Hospital-Nagasaki University Collaborative Research Office, Manila, Philippines
| | - Annavi Marie Villanueva
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Koya Ariyoshi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joy Calayo
- San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai Y, Sun L, Liu H, Xie C. Using Bus Ticketing Big Data to Investigate the Behaviors of the Population Flow of Chinese Suburban Residents in the Post-COVID-19 Phase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6066. [PMID: 34199900 PMCID: PMC8200129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale population movements can turn local diseases into widespread epidemics. Grasping the characteristic of the population flow in the context of the COVID-19 is of great significance for providing information to epidemiology and formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control policies. Especially in the post-COVID-19 phase, it is essential to maintain the achievement of the fight against the epidemic. Previous research focuses on flight and railway passenger travel behavior and patterns, but China also has numerous suburban residents with a not-high economic level; investigating their travel behaviors is significant for national stability. However, estimating the impacts of the COVID-19 for suburban residents' travel behaviors remains challenging because of lacking apposite data. Here we submit bus ticketing data including approximately 26,000,000 records from April 2020-August 2020 for 2705 stations. Our results indicate that Suburban residents in Chinese Southern regions are more likely to travel by bus, and travel frequency is higher. Associated with the economic level, we find that residents in the economically developed region more likely to travel or carry out various social activities. Considering from the perspective of the traveling crowd, we find that men and young people are easier to travel by bus; however, they are exactly the main workforce. The indication of our findings is that suburban residents' travel behavior is affected profoundly by economy and consistent with the inherent behavior patterns before the COVID-19 outbreak. We use typical regions as verification and it is indeed the case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Bai
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (Y.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (Y.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Chao Xie
- China Transport Information Co., Ltd., Beijing 100007, China;
- China Transport Telecommunications and Information Center, Beijing 100011, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yoshikawa M, Asaba K. Educational Attainment Decreases the Risk of COVID-19 Severity in the European Population: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:673451. [PMID: 34150709 PMCID: PMC8212884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.673451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have reported that the severity of COVID-19 depends not only on physical conditions but also on socioeconomic status, including educational level. Because educational attainment (EA), which measures the number of years of schooling, is moderately heritable, we investigated the causal association of EA on the risk of COVID-19 severity using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A two-sample MR analysis was performed using publicly available summary-level data sets of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A total of 235 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted as instrumental variables for the exposure of EA from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium GWAS summary data of 766,345 participants of European ancestry. The effect of each SNP on the outcome of COVID-19 severity risk was obtained from the GWAS summary data of 1,059,456 participants of European ancestry gathered from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Using inverse variance weighted method, our MR study shows that EA was significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 severity (odds ratio per one standard deviation increase in years of schooling, 0.540; 95% confidence interval, 0.376–0.777, P = 0.0009). A series of sensitivity analyses showed little evidence of bias. In conclusion, we show for the first time using a two-sample MR approach the associations between higher EA and the lower risk of COVID-19 severity in the European population. However, the genetic or epidemiological mechanisms underlying the association between EA and the risk of COVID-19 severity remain unknown, and further studies are warranted to validate the MR findings and investigate underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Asaba
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patel SR, Mukkera SR, Tucker L, Vatsis C, Poma A, Ammar A, Vo M, Khan R, Carlan S. Characteristics, Comorbidities, Complications, and Outcomes Among 802 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Community Hospital in Florida. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0416. [PMID: 34079947 PMCID: PMC8162958 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to increase throughout the United States. Despite the rapid progression of the disease, there is limited information of the factors associated with mortality in Florida. This study aims to review the demographics, characteristics, comorbidities, complications, and outcomes of hospitalized patients, and their association with mortality. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING A community-based tertiary-care hospital of Orlando Health, Orlando Regional Medical Center. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS Data of hospitalized patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020, at the Orlando Regional Medical Center. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Main data assessed included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, complications, outcomes, and inhospital mortality. The median age for hospitalized patients was 61 years; among them, 56% were males. Most were of African American (n = 288, 35.9%), Hispanic (n = 237, 29.6%), and Caucasian (n = 217, 27.1%) descent. More patients presented with symptoms developing at home (n = 589, 75.9%) than from skilled nursing and long-term acute care facilities. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (42.8%), obesity (39.2%), lung disease (23.3%), coronary artery disease (20.2%), and congestive heart failure (18.3%). Complications with higher odds of mortality were mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 148.00, p < 0.001), coinfections (odds ratio, 56.42, p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (odds ratio, 84.01, p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 28.30, p < 0.001), acute myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 23.29, p < 0.001), and acute venous thromboembolism (odds ratio, 26.43, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We identified an increase of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 within older patients of African American and Hispanic descent with comorbidities such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cancer, liver disease, or cerebrovascular disease. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen may have helped avert mechanical ventilation, and this may have improved patient outcomes over the course of the study period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin R Patel
- Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Faculty and Academic Affairs Department, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Lara Tucker
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
| | - Catherine Vatsis
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
| | - Antonia Poma
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
| | - Ali Ammar
- Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Faculty and Academic Affairs Department, Orlando, FL
| | - Mai Vo
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Faculty and Academic Affairs Department, Orlando, FL
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando Health, FL
| | - Rumi Khan
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Faculty and Academic Affairs Department, Orlando, FL
- Pulmonary Disease Fellowship Program, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
| | - Stephen Carlan
- Division of Academic Affairs and Research, Orlando Regional Healthcare, Orlando, FL
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alshaikh MK, Alotair H, Alnajjar F, Sharaf H, Alhafi B, Alashgar L, Aljuaid M. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:161-168. [PMID: 33907410 PMCID: PMC8071203 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s300635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with more than 60 million cases worldwide and over 1.5 million deaths by March 2021. Its outbreak has caused a huge burden on healthcare systems all over the world. Several studies in the medical literature have suggested that patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at higher risk for developing severe symptoms, poor prognosis, and high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk factors among COVID-19 patients based on the Framingham risk score (FRS), and to evaluate the association of CVD risk factors with clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we identified 264 confirmed cases with COVID‐19 at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients aged 18–80 years were included, and their electronic records were reviewed. They were classified into low, intermediate, and high risk of CVD according to FRS classification. Results Two-hundred-six patients (67% male) were included in this study. The mean age was 55.3 ± 15.1 years. Most patients had comorbidities: the most common were hypertension (48.1%), diabetes (45.1%), and ischemic heart disease (11.2%). More than half required intensive care admission, and 58 (28.2%) patients died. Pneumonia was the most frequently observed complication (85%), followed by mechanical ventilation (28.3%) and acute kidney injury (27.7%). Age, male gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus showed significant differences between FRS categories, and were associated with intermediate and high-risk groups of FRS (p < 0.05). Pneumonia and length of stay were associated with the Intermediate risk group of FRS. Conclusion Cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent in Saudi patients infected with COVID-19. FRS could be a useful tool to identify CVD risk factors among COVID-19 patients and predict a complicated course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashael K Alshaikh
- Department of Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Alotair
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrah Alnajjar
- Yanbu General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Sharaf
- Department of Cytogenetics Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alhafi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lolwah Alashgar
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mansab F, Bhatti S, Goyal D. Performance of national COVID-19 'symptom checkers': a comparative case simulation study. BMJ Health Care Inform 2021; 28:e100187. [PMID: 33685943 PMCID: PMC7942238 DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying those individuals requiring medical care is a basic tenet of the pandemic response. Here, we examine the COVID-19 community triage pathways employed by four nations, specifically comparing the safety and efficacy of national online 'symptom checkers' used within the triage pathway. METHODS A simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led symptom checkers from four countries (Singapore, Japan, USA and UK). 52 cases were simulated to approximate typical COVID-19 presentations (mild, moderate, severe and critical) and COVID-19 mimickers (eg, sepsis and bacterial pneumonia). The same simulations were applied to each of the four country's symptom checkers, and the recommendations to refer on for medical care or to stay home were recorded and compared. RESULTS The symptom checkers from Singapore and Japan advised onward healthcare contact for the majority of simulations (88% and 77%, respectively). The USA and UK symptom checkers triaged 38% and 44% of cases to healthcare contact, respectively. Both the US and UK symptom checkers consistently failed to identify severe COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia and sepsis, triaging such cases to stay home. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that whilst 'symptom checkers' may be of use to the healthcare COVID-19 response, there is the potential for such patient-led assessment tools to worsen outcomes by delaying appropriate clinical assessment. The key features of the well-performing symptom checkers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansab
- Postgraduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Gibraltar Health Authority, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Sohail Bhatti
- Postgraduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Gibraltar Health Authority, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Daniel Goyal
- Postgraduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Gibraltar Health Authority, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Deparment of Medicine, Gibraltar Health Authority, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Department of Health Systems, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balasubramaniam B, Prateek, Ranjan S, Saraf M, Kar P, Singh SP, Thakur VK, Singh A, Gupta RK. Antibacterial and Antiviral Functional Materials: Chemistry and Biological Activity toward Tackling COVID-19-like Pandemics. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:8-54. [PMID: 33615160 PMCID: PMC7784665 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID-19 has created awareness toward ensuring best practices to avoid the spread of microorganisms. In this regard, the research on creating a surface which destroys or inhibits the adherence of microbial/viral entities has gained renewed interest. Although many research reports are available on the antibacterial materials or coatings, there is a relatively small amount of data available on the use of antiviral materials. However, with more research geared toward this area, new information is being added to the literature every day. The combination of antibacterial and antiviral chemical entities represents a potentially path-breaking intervention to mitigate the spread of disease-causing agents. In this review, we have surveyed antibacterial and antiviral materials of various classes such as small-molecule organics, synthetic and biodegradable polymers, silver, TiO2, and copper-derived chemicals. The surface protection mechanisms of the materials against the pathogen colonies are discussed in detail, which highlights the key differences that could determine the parameters that would govern the future development of advanced antibacterial and antiviral materials and surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prateek
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sudhir Ranjan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Mohit Saraf
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Prasenjit Kar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Anand Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Naeini MB, Sahebi M, Nikbakht F, Jamshidi Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Hashemi M, Ramezani J, Miri HH, Yazdian-Robati R. A meta-meta-analysis: Evaluation of meta-analyses published in the effectiveness of cardiovascular comorbidities on the severity of COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 22:100323. [PMID: 33521379 PMCID: PMC7826091 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On January 2020, WHO confirmed the epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 as a Health Emergency of International Concern. The aim of this meta-meta-analysis is quantifying meta-analytic findings on the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities and COVID-19 severity. Findings suggest that chances of getting severe COVID-19 disease in patients with CVD is greater than those without CVD. Also, prevalence of CVD in patents with COVID-19 is 0.08 (95% CI = 0.07–0.08). The OR as 3.44 indicates that the odds of getting severe COVID-19 is more than 3 times higher in those with CVD. Also, prevalence of hypertension in patient with COVID-19 is 0.27 (95%CI = 0.27–0.28) and the OR as 2.68 indicates that the odds of getting severe COVID-19 in cases with high blood pressure is more than 2.5 times higher than those without hypertension. It is rational to suppose that persons with coronary artery disease are prone to severe viral infection thereby, guideline-directed diagnosis and medical therapy is vital in CVD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Bemani Naeini
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sahebi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fateme Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ramezani
- Department of Cardiology, Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarian Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Islam ABMMK, Khan MAAK, Ahmed R, Hossain MS, Kabir SMT, Islam MS, Siddiki AMAMZ. Transcriptome of nasopharyngeal samples from COVID-19 patients and a comparative analysis with other SARS-CoV-2 infection models reveal disparate host responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Transl Med 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 33413422 PMCID: PMC7790360 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is becoming evident that individual's immune system has a decisive influence on SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to profile the host transcriptome of COVID-19 patients from nasopharyngeal samples along with virus genomic features isolated from respective host, and a comparative analyses of differential host responses in various SARS-CoV-2 infection systems. RESULTS Unique and rare missense mutations in 3C-like protease observed in all of our reported isolates. Functional enrichment analyses exhibited that the host induced responses are mediated by innate immunity, interferon, and cytokine stimulation. Surprisingly, induction of apoptosis, phagosome, antigen presentation, hypoxia response was lacking within these patients. Upregulation of immune and cytokine signaling genes such as CCL4, TNFA, IL6, IL1A, CCL2, CXCL2, IFN, and CCR1 were observed in lungs. Lungs lacked the overexpression of ACE2 as suspected, however, high ACE2 but low DPP4 expression was observed in nasopharyngeal cells. Interestingly, directly or indirectly, viral proteins specially non-structural protein mediated overexpression of integrins such as ITGAV, ITGA6, ITGB7, ITGB3, ITGA2B, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGA9, ITGA4, ITGAE, and ITGA8 in lungs compared to nasopharyngeal samples suggesting the possible way of enhanced invasion. Furthermore, we found comparatively highly expressed transcription factors such as CBP, CEBP, NFAT, ATF3, GATA6, HDAC2, TCF12 which have pivotal roles in lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Even though this study incorporates a limited number of cases, our data will provide valuable insights in developing potential studies to elucidate the differential host responses on the viral pathogenesis in COVID-19, and incorporation of further data will enrich the search of an effective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasel Ahmed
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Md Tamim Kabir
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A M A M Zonaed Siddiki
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Milovanovic L, Hessey E, Sebastianski M, Keto-Lambert D, Vandermeer B, Bagshaw SM, Rewa O. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19): a protocol for a living systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042008. [PMID: 33402406 PMCID: PMC7786544 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In December 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection were described in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then, it has spread rapidly affecting 188 countries and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. Preliminary reports suggest up to 30% of patients require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and case fatality rate estimate is 2.3%-7.2%. The primary reason for ICU admission is hypoxaemic respiratory failure, while factors associated with ICU admission include increased age, presence of comorbidities and cytokine storm. Case series and retrospective trials initially assessed proposed treatments with randomised controlled trials now reporting early outcomes. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify epidemiological factors, treatments and complications that predict mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our comprehensive search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian. We will search electronic databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Wiley Cochrane Library. The search strategy combines concepts from COVID-19, validated COVID-19 search filters and geographical locations of large outbreaks. Citation screening, selection, quality assessment and data abstraction will be performed in duplicate. Clinically homogenous epidemiological characteristics, interventions and complications will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Within the framework of a living systematic review, the search and data analysis will be updated every 6 months. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our systematic review will synthesise literature on risk factors and interventions associated with mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Results will be presented at national and international conferences and submitted for peer-reviewed publication. The pooled analysis can provide guidance to inform clinical guidelines for care of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Iterative updates will be made public through open access. Research ethics approval is not required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020176672.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Milovanovic
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Hessey
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meghan Sebastianski
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Knowledge Translation Platform, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana Keto-Lambert
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Knowledge Translation Platform, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Research Center for Health Evidence (ARCHE), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ben Vandermeer
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Knowledge Translation Platform, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Research Center for Health Evidence (ARCHE), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oleksa Rewa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abayomi A, Odukoya O, Osibogun A, Wright O, Adebayo B, Balogun M, Abdus-Salam I, Bowale A, Mutiu B, Saka B, Adejumo M, Yenyi S, Agbolagorite R, Onasanya O, Erinosho E, Obasanya J, Adejumo O, Adesola S, Oshodi Y, Akase IE, Ogunbiyi S, Lajide D, Erinoso F, Abdur-Razzaq H. Presenting Symptoms and Predictors of Poor Outcomes Among 2,184 Patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 102:226-232. [PMID: 33075534 PMCID: PMC7566672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lagos state remains the epicentre of COVID-19 in Nigeria. We describe the symptoms and signs of the first 2,184 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at COVID-19 treatment centers in Lagos State. We also assessed the relationship between patients' presenting symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and COVID-19 deaths.. METHODS Medical records of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were extracted and analyzed for their symptoms, symptom severity, presence of comorbidities and outcome. RESULTS The ages of the patients ranged from 4 days to 98 years with a mean of 43.0(16.0) years. Of the patients who presented with symptoms, cough (19.3%) was the most common presenting symptom. This was followed by fever (13.7%) and difficulty in breathing, (10.9%). The most significant clinical predictor of death was the severity of symptoms and signs at presentation. Difficulty in breathing was the most significant symptom predictor of COVID-19 death (OR:19.26 95% CI 10.95-33.88). The case fatality rate was 4.3%. CONCLUSION Primary care physicians and COVID-19 frontline workers should maintain a high index of suspicion and prioritize the care of patients presenting with these symptoms. Community members should be educated on such predictors and ensure that patients with these symptoms seek care early to reduce the risk of deaths associated with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akin Osibogun
- College of Medicine University of Lagos; Lagos State Primary Health Care Board; Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sam Yenyi
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Office
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yewande Oshodi
- College of Medicine University of Lagos; Lagos University Teaching Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baena-Díez JM, Barroso M, Cordeiro-Coelho SI, Díaz JL, Grau M. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 42:698-703. [PMID: 32776102 PMCID: PMC7454748 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. METHODS We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho. RESULTS The lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66-73) versus 28 (25-31), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Baena-Díez
- Primary Care Centre La Marina, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, E-08038, Spain.,IDIAP Jordi Gol, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, E-08007, Spain.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
| | - María Barroso
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain.,Eastfield Health, Ashburton, NZ-7700, New Zealand
| | | | - Jorge L Díaz
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain.,Docent Unit Preventive Medicine and Public Health Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Public Health Agency - Pompeu-Fabra University, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
| | - María Grau
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM - Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, E-08003, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08036 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adjei P, Afriyie-Mensah J, Ganu VJ, Puplampu P, Opoku-Asare B, Dzefi-Tettey K, Amissah-Arthur MB, Tachi K, Boima V, Dey D, Akamah J, Akpalu A, Akpalu J, Amoo P, Otchi E, Marfoh K, Agyei-Nkansah A. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Ghana Med J 2020; 54:33-38. [PMID: 33976439 PMCID: PMC8087357 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i4s.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections among hospitalized patients. DESIGN Study design was a retrospective single-center review of hospital data. SETTING The study was conducted at the COVID-19 Treatment Center of the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics of the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital in Accra, Ghana. PARTICIPANTS AND STUDY TOOLS A total of fifty patients with laboratory (rRT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were involved in the study. A chart review of the medical records of the patients was conducted and the data obtained was documented using a data extraction form. RESULTS The median age was 53 years and most (36% (18/50)) of the patients were at least 60 years of age. Eighty percent (40/50) of the patients were symptomatic, with cough and difficulty in breathing being the commonest presenting symptoms. The mean duration of hospitalization was 12.3 ± 7.3 days. Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were the commonest co-morbidities occurring in 52% (26/50) and 42% (21/50) of patients respectively. Fifty percent of patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia as a complication. The mortality rate was 12% (6/50). CONCLUSION In this study, SARS-CoV2 infection affected older adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the common comorbidities. Patients with these comorbid conditions should be counselled by their clinicians to strictly observe the COVID-19 prevention protocols to reduce their risk of acquiring the infection. There is a need to pay critical and prompt attention to the management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia particularly among people with diabetes to improve outcomes. FUNDING None declared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Adjei
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jane Afriyie-Mensah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent J Ganu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Puplampu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Maame-Boatemaa Amissah-Arthur
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kenneth Tachi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dzifa Dey
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Akamah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Josephine Akpalu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Phillip Amoo
- Public Health Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elom Otchi
- Public Health Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Talaie H, Hosseini SM, Nazari M, Fakhri Y, Mousavizadeh A, Vatanpour H, Firoozfar A. Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Daru 2020; 28:765-777. [PMID: 32812187 PMCID: PMC7434334 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A recent survey has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in dramatical and critical treatment particularly in acute infected patients. In fact, this systematic review-meta-analysis was directly pertained to estimation at the efficient value of some clinical managements to confront the COVID-19 infection. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of this study were the frequency of negative conversion cases, clinical improvements, mechanical ventilation demand, intensive care unit (ICU) entry, and mortality. The standard treatment refers to the published guidelines and specialist experience which varies in different articles, and the proposed treatment refers to the kind of interest suggested in the included studies. RESULTS A number of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria (out of 6793 articles). Among them, 26 articles involving 3263 patients were included in quantitative analysis. Anti-COVID-19 interventions could significantly increase clinical improvement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27; I2 = 49.8%) and reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.95; I2 = 74.8%). Although in terms of negative conversion, ICU entry, and mechanical ventilation demand, clinical intervention had no beneficial effect. The clinical effect of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) was noticeable compared to other medications with RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09-0.53; I2 = 40.9%) for mortality and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07-1.46; I2 = 45.4%) for clinical improvement. Moreover, Antivirals (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26; I2 = 47.0%) and convalescent plasma therapy (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.98; I2 = 66.6%) had significant beneficial effects on clinical improvement. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, all the included interventions significantly declined the mortality and enhanced clinical improvements with no effect on negative conversion and mechanical ventilation demand. Especially, immunomodulators and plasma therapy showed favorable outcomes. An evaluation on the efficacy of proposed treatment against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Talaie
- Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Kamali Avenue, south Karegar Street, Tehran, 1333631151, Iran.
- Department of Infectious and Tropical diseases, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Behesht University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed Masoud Hosseini
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Kamali Avenue, south Karegar Street, Tehran, 1333631151, Iran
| | - Yadollah Fakhri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Heath Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Atieh Mousavizadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vatanpour
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozfar
- Anatomy and Physiology Department, Gharmsar University, Gharmsar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
O'Brien J, Du KY, Peng C. Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of COVID-19 in Canada: impact of sex and age. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:137. [PMID: 33234144 PMCID: PMC7684854 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sex and older age have been reported to be associated with worse outcomes from COVID-19. It was postulated that estrogens may play a role in reducing the severity of the disease and may therefore offer a treatment option for COVID-19 patients. However, more female cases and deaths from COVID-19 have been recorded in Canada. To determine the potential role of estrogens, we analyzed COVID-19 data from Canada, focusing on the impact of sex and age. Although the overall incidence rate is higher in females than in males, when several high risk groups, including health care workers and long-term care residences, which are predominantly females, were excluded, we found that females had a lower incidence rate than males between the ages of 20s to 70s. Interestingly, this sex-based difference is more evident in females of the reproductive ages (20-49) than in postmenopausal patients (60s or older). Males have significantly higher hospitalization, ICU admission, and case fatality rates; however, a greater difference was observed in the older age groups. Finally, symptom manifestation varied between sexes. Some of the symptoms, which were more frequently observed in patients who recovered than patients who died, were more commonly observed in females of the reproductive age compared to their male counterparts. Since only females of the reproductive age have much higher circulating estrogens than males, these findings suggest that estrogens may play a role in reducing COVID-19 incidence and in the development of symptoms, especially those related to better survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob O'Brien
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Y Du
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Do BN, Nguyen PA, Pham KM, Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Tran CQ, Nguyen TTP, Tran TV, Pham LV, Tran KV, Duong TT, Duong TH, Nguyen KT, Pham TTM, Hsu MH, Duong TV. Determinants of Health Literacy and Its Associations With Health-Related Behaviors, Depression Among the Older People With and Without Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms: A Multi-Institutional Study. Front Public Health 2020; 8:581746. [PMID: 33313037 PMCID: PMC7703185 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.581746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We examined factors associated with health literacy among elders with and without suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers 14 February-2 March 2020. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess patient characteristics, health literacy, clinical information, health-related behaviors, and depression. A sample of 928 participants aged 60-85 years were analyzed. Results: The proportion of people with S-COVID-19-S and depression were 48.3 and 13.4%, respectively. The determinants of health literacy in groups with and without S-COVID-19-S were age, gender, education, ability to pay for medication, and social status. In people with S-COVID-19-S, one-score increment of health literacy was associated with 8% higher healthy eating likelihood (odds ratio, OR, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 1.04, 1.13; p < 0.001), 4% higher physical activity likelihood (OR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01, 1.08, p = 0.023), and 9% lower depression likelihood (OR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.87, 0.94; p < 0.001). These associations were not found in people without S-COVID-19-S. Conclusions: The older people with higher health literacy were less likely to have depression and had healthier behaviors in the group with S-COVD-19-S. Potential health literacy interventions are suggested to promote healthy behaviors and improve mental health outcomes to lessen the pandemic's damage in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binh N Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phung-Anh Nguyen
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Khue M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Hoang C Nguyen
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam.,President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Minh H Nguyen
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cuong Q Tran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thu Duc District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Director Office, Thu Duc District Health Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao T P Nguyen
- Health Management Training Institute, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tien V Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh V Pham
- Department of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,Director Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Khanh V Tran
- Director Office, Hospital District 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang T Duong
- Nursing Office, Tan Phu District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thai H Duong
- President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Kien T Nguyen
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu T M Pham
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alberca RW, Andrade MMDS, Branco ACCC, Pietrobon AJ, Pereira NZ, Fernandes IG, Oliveira LDM, Teixeira FME, Beserra DR, de Oliveira EA, Gozzi-Silva SC, Ramos YÁL, de Brito CA, Arnone M, Orfali RL, Aoki V, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Frequencies of CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR-CD14-CD66b+ and CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR-CD14+CD66b- Cells in Peripheral Blood as Severity Immune Biomarkers in COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:580677. [PMID: 33178720 PMCID: PMC7592395 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.580677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common clinical features of patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vary from fever, to acute severe respiratory distress syndrome. Several laboratory parameters are reported as indicators of COVID-19 severity. We hereby describe the possible novel severity biomarkers for COVID-19, CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR-CD14+ cells and CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR-CD66b+ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Mary de Souza Andrade
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Rosa Beserra
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily Araujo de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyro Alves de Brito
- Technical Division of Medical Biology, Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arnone
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leao Orfali
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ashinyo ME, Duti V, Dubik SD, Amegah KE, Kutsoati S, Oduro-Mensah E, Puplampu P, Gyansa-Lutterodt M, Darko DM, Buabeng KO, Ashinyo A, Ofosu AA, Baddoo NA, Akoriyea SK, Ofei F, Kuma-Aboagye P. Clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Ghana: a retrospective cohort study. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:9. [PMID: 33294110 PMCID: PMC7704352 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.37.9.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is a global pandemic seen in modern times. The clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and duration of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients remain unclear in Ghana. METHODS we retrospectively reviewed the secondary data of 307 discharged COVID-19 patients to characterize their demographics, clinical symptoms, treatment regimen given and duration of hospitalization. RESULTS the mean age and temperature of the patients were 37.9 years and 36.3°C, respectively. The majority (85.7%) of the cases reviewed were asymptomatic; for those presenting with symptoms, the main ones were cough (50%), fever (29.6%), headache (27.3%), and sore throat (22.7%). Comorbidities were present in 25.1% of the patients; the popularly reported comorbidities were hypertension (71.4%), asthma (7.8%) and diabetes (6.5%). The average duration of hospitalization was 13.8 days, and the duration of hospitalization for patients managed with azithromycin + chloroquine (AZ+CQ) was 10.4 days, followed closely by those managed with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) only, 11.0 days. There was longer duration of hospitalization among patients who received AZ only compared to patients receiving AZ + CQ (3.24 ± 1.10 days, p=0.037; 95% CI 0.11, 6.37). Linear regression analysis showed that the duration of hospitalization for patients who received AZ only was 2.7 days, which was higher than that of patients who received AZ+CQ and HCQ only (95% CI 0.44, 4.93; p=0.019). CONCLUSION in this cohort of COVID-19 patients, the common symptoms were cough, fever, headache, and sore throat. The use of AZ+CQ or HCQ only as a therapy for managing COVID-19 patients shortened the duration of hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Eyram Ashinyo
- Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Private Mail Bag, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Stephen Dajaan Dubik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Peter Puplampu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Kaba Akoriyea
- Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Private Mail Bag, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Ofei
- Department of Medicines, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Cape Coast
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ashinyo ME, Duti V, Dubik SD, Amegah KE, Kutsoati S, Oduro-Mensah E, Puplampu P, Gyansa-Lutterodt M, Darko DM, Buabeng KO, Ashinyo A, Ofosu AA, Baddoo NA, Akoriyea SK, Ofei F, Kuma-Aboagye P. Clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Ghana: a retrospective cohort study. Pan Afr Med J 2020. [PMID: 33294110 PMCID: PMC7704352 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.37.1.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a global pandemic seen in modern times. The clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and duration of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients remain unclear in Ghana. Methods we retrospectively reviewed the secondary data of 307 discharged COVID-19 patients to characterize their demographics, clinical symptoms, treatment regimen given and duration of hospitalization. Results the mean age and temperature of the patients were 37.9 years and 36.3°C, respectively. The majority (85.7%) of the cases reviewed were asymptomatic; for those presenting with symptoms, the main ones were cough (50%), fever (29.6%), headache (27.3%), and sore throat (22.7%). Comorbidities were present in 25.1% of the patients; the popularly reported comorbidities were hypertension (71.4%), asthma (7.8%) and diabetes (6.5%). The average duration of hospitalization was 13.8 days, and the duration of hospitalization for patients managed with azithromycin + chloroquine (AZ+CQ) was 10.4 days, followed closely by those managed with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) only, 11.0 days. There was longer duration of hospitalization among patients who received AZ only compared to patients receiving AZ + CQ (3.24 ± 1.10 days, p=0.037; 95% CI 0.11, 6.37). Linear regression analysis showed that the duration of hospitalization for patients who received AZ only was 2.7 days, which was higher than that of patients who received AZ+CQ and HCQ only (95% CI 0.44, 4.93; p=0.019). Conclusion in this cohort of COVID-19 patients, the common symptoms were cough, fever, headache, and sore throat. The use of AZ+CQ or HCQ only as a therapy for managing COVID-19 patients shortened the duration of hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Eyram Ashinyo
- Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Private Mail Bag, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Stephen Dajaan Dubik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Peter Puplampu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Kaba Akoriyea
- Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Private Mail Bag, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Ofei
- Department of Medicines, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Cape Coast
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin YH, Zhan QY, Peng ZY, Ren XQ, Yin XT, Cai L, Yuan YF, Yue JR, Zhang XC, Yang QW, Ji J, Xia J, Li YR, Zhou FX, Gao YD, Yu Z, Xu F, Tu ML, Tan LM, Yang M, Chen F, Zhang XJ, Zeng M, Zhu Y, Liu XC, Yang J, Zhao DC, Ding YF, Hou N, Wang FB, Chen H, Zhang YG, Li W, Chen W, Shi YX, Yang XZ, Wang XJ, Zhong YJ, Zhao MJ, Li BH, Ma LL, Zi H, Wang N, Wang YY, Yu SF, Li LY, Huang Q, Weng H, Ren XY, Luo LS, Fan MR, Huang D, Xue HY, Yu LX, Gao JP, Deng T, Zeng XT, Li HJ, Cheng ZS, Yao X, Wang XH. Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version). Mil Med Res 2020; 7:41. [PMID: 32887670 PMCID: PMC7472403 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Jin
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Zhan
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Peng
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xue-Qun Ren
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xun-Tao Yin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Departments of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yuan
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ji-Rong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhang
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi-Wen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University and Region Skåne, 25002, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jian Xia
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 403371, China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 43071, China
| | - Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Ming-Li Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, 441300, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ming Tan
- Department of Clinic Pharmacy, Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou University Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Can Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang NO.1 Hospital, Renmin Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Chi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Integrated Acupuncture and Drugs, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Periodical Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Xian Shi
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhong
- ICU Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ming-Juan Zhao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lin-Lu Ma
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- College of Nursing and Health, Henan Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shao-Fu Yu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Clinic Pharmacy, Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- College of Nursing and Health, Henan Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Li-Sha Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man-Ru Fan
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Di Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong-Yang Xue
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lin-Xin Yu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jin-Ping Gao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Tong Deng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhen-Shun Cheng
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Xing-Huan Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Michalska K, Kim Y, Jedrzejczak R, Maltseva NI, Stols L, Endres M, Joachimiak A. Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase: from the apo form to ligand complexes. IUCRJ 2020; 7:814-824. [PMID: 32939273 PMCID: PMC7467174 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520009653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Among 15 nonstructural proteins (Nsps), the newly emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes a large, multidomain Nsp3. One of its units is the ADP-ribose phosphatase domain (ADRP; also known as the macrodomain, MacroD), which is believed to interfere with the host immune response. Such a function appears to be linked to the ability of the protein to remove ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins and RNA, yet the precise role and molecular targets of the enzyme remain unknown. Here, five high-resolution (1.07-2.01 Å) crystal structures corresponding to the apo form of the protein and its complexes with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), AMP and ADP-ribose have been determined. The protein is shown to undergo conformational changes to adapt to the ligand in the manner previously observed in close homologues from other viruses. A conserved water molecule is also identified that may participate in hydrolysis. This work builds foundations for future structure-based research on ADRP, including the search for potential antiviral therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Michalska
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Youngchang Kim
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Robert Jedrzejczak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Natalia I. Maltseva
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lucy Stols
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
| | - Michael Endres
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60367, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Boutou AK, Pitsiou G, Kontakiotis T, Kioumis I. Nicotine treatment and smoking cessation in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: an interesting alliance. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00306-2020. [PMID: 32802824 PMCID: PMC7418819 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00306-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, the worldwide medical community has been racing against time to identify effective therapeutic agents to constrain the disease and reduce the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recently, the nicotinic hypothesis has been proposed; according to this, the acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) might play a key role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and, thus, should be a potential therapeutic target to reduce COVID-19 burden and its complications [1]. Since nicotine replacement therapy has long been used to treat tobacco dependence, this is an interesting hypothesis with important implications. In the era of this pandemic, the role of medicinal nicotine in the prevention and treatment of #COVID19 disease should be evaluated in placebo-controlled trials, while smoking cessation should be further promoted as a general public health measurehttps://bit.ly/3fpsBdq
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi K Boutou
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- Dept of Respiratory Failure, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore Kontakiotis
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Dept of Respiratory Failure, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|