1
|
Premkumar T, Sajitha Lulu S. Targeting key players in Alzheimer's disease: bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera, Desmodium gangeticum, and Centella asiatica as potential therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38887054 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2335300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the critical reasons for dementia around the world, with a huge number of cases being reported every year. The breakdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) plays a crucial role in AD development. The Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a highly significant proteolytic enzyme found to be critically involved in the APP breakdown process and generates beta-amyloid plaques in the extracellular neuronal membrane. In this study, we have used natural compounds with cognitive and neuroprotective activities from three plants, Centella asiatica, Moringa oleifera, and Desmodium gangeticum to inhibit the activity of BACE1. We have identified nine compounds out of 73 compounds filtered out from the three plants showing high affinity with the catalytic dyad region of BACE1 through molecular docking studies. Interestingly, the 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation study further confirmed the stability of the complexes formed between 9 compounds and the BACE1 protein. Furthermore, the free energy calculations also revealed these complexes possess favorable energies. Astilbin, Delphinidin 3-glucoside, and kaempferol 7-O-glucoside showed good binding affinity and structural stability when compared to other compounds and the control CNP520. Following a preliminary screening, the Astilbin compound was chosen based on the grounds of binding affinity, ADMET Properties, Hbond formation, Molecular Dynamic simulation, and MM-PBSA studies. A subsequent 1microsecond molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for the Astilbin complex. Through microsecond simulation, it was found that Astilbin alters BACE1's behavior and induces conformational rearrangements. Thus, this study opens a gateway to inhibit the activity of BACE1 protein through Astilbin thereby disclosing the possibility of managing Alzheimer's Disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Premkumar
- Integrative Multiomics Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sajitha Lulu
- Integrative Multiomics Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alipour Z, Zarezadeh S, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA. The Potential of Anti-coronavirus Plant Secondary Metabolites in COVID-19 Drug Discovery as an Alternative to Repurposed Drugs: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:172-203. [PMID: 37956978 DOI: 10.1055/a-2209-6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In early 2020, a global pandemic was announced due to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause COVID-19. Despite worldwide efforts, there are only limited options regarding antiviral drug treatments for COVID-19. Although vaccines are now available, issues such as declining efficacy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the aging of vaccine-induced immunity highlight the importance of finding more antiviral drugs as a second line of defense against the disease. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly find COVID-19 therapeutic options. Due to the lack of clinical evidence for the therapeutic benefits and certain serious side effects of repurposed antivirals, the search for an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2 with fewer side effects continues. In recent years, numerous studies have included antiviral chemicals from a variety of plant species. A better knowledge of the possible antiviral natural products and their mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 will help to develop stronger and more targeted direct-acting antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to compile the current data on potential plant metabolites that can be investigated in COVID-19 drug discovery and development. This review represents a collection of plant secondary metabolites and their mode of action against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alipour
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Zarezadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adeosun WB, Loots DT. Medicinal Plants against Viral Infections: A Review of Metabolomics Evidence for the Antiviral Properties and Potentials in Plant Sources. Viruses 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38399995 PMCID: PMC10892737 DOI: 10.3390/v16020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most plants have developed unique mechanisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions to compensate for their lack of mobility. A key part of their coping mechanisms is the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition to their role in plants' defense against pathogens, they also possess therapeutic properties against diseases, and their use by humans predates written history. Viruses are a unique class of submicroscopic agents, incapable of independent existence outside a living host. Pathogenic viruses continue to pose a significant threat to global health, leading to innumerable fatalities on a yearly basis. The use of medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents has been widely reported in literature in the past decades. Metabolomics is a powerful research tool for the identification of plant metabolites with antiviral potentials. It can be used to isolate compounds with antiviral capacities in plants and study the biosynthetic pathways involved in viral disease progression. This review discusses the use of medicinal plants as antiviral agents, with a special focus on the metabolomics evidence supporting their efficacy. Suggestions are made for the optimization of various metabolomics methods of characterizing the bioactive compounds in plants and subsequently understanding the mechanisms of their operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bamise Adeosun
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai L, Han F, Ji B, He X, Wang L, Niu T, Zhai J, Wang J. In Silico Screening of Natural Flavonoids against 3-Chymotrypsin-like Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Using Machine Learning and Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2023; 28:8034. [PMID: 38138524 PMCID: PMC10745665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The "Long-COVID syndrome" has posed significant challenges due to a lack of validated therapeutic options. We developed a novel multi-step virtual screening strategy to reliably identify inhibitors against 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 from abundant flavonoids, which represents a promising source of antiviral and immune-boosting nutrients. We identified 57 interacting residues as contributors to the protein-ligand binding pocket. Their energy interaction profiles constituted the input features for Machine Learning (ML) models. The consensus of 25 classifiers trained using various ML algorithms attained 93.9% accuracy and a 6.4% false-positive-rate. The consensus of 10 regression models for binding energy prediction also achieved a low root-mean-square error of 1.18 kcal/mol. We screened out 120 flavonoid hits first and retained 50 drug-like hits after predefined ADMET filtering to ensure bioavailability and safety profiles. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations prioritized nine bioactive flavonoids as promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents exhibiting both high structural stability (root-mean-square deviation < 5 Å for 218 ns) and low MM/PBSA binding free energy (<-6 kcal/mol). Among them, KB-2 (PubChem-CID, 14630497) and 9-O-Methylglyceofuran (PubChem-CID, 44257401) displayed excellent binding affinity and desirable pharmacokinetic capabilities. These compounds have great potential to serve as oral nutraceuticals with therapeutic and prophylactic properties as care strategies for patients with long-COVID syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (L.C.); (F.H.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (L.W.); (T.N.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khwaza V, Aderibigbe BA. Antifungal Activities of Natural Products and Their Hybrid Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2673. [PMID: 38140014 PMCID: PMC10747321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing cases of drug resistance and high toxicity associated with the currently used antifungal agents are a worldwide public health concern. There is an urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs with unique target mechanisms. Plant-based compounds, such as carvacrol, eugenol, coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, thymol, etc., have been explored for the development of promising antifungal agents due to their diverse biological activities, lack of toxicity, and availability. However, researchers around the world are unable to fully utilize the potential of natural products due to limitations, such as their poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility. The development of hybrid molecules containing natural products is a promising synthetic approach to overcome these limitations and control microbes' capability to develop resistance. Based on the potential advantages of hybrid compounds containing natural products to improve antifungal activity, there have been different reported synthesized hybrid compounds. This paper reviews different literature to report the potential antifungal activities of hybrid compounds containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Khwaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prasad K, Sasi S, Weerasinghe J, Levchenko I, Bazaka K. Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity through Synergistic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Plant Secondary Metabolites: Opportunities and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:7481. [PMID: 38005203 PMCID: PMC10673009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms possesses a great threat to human health and the environment. Considering the exponential increase in the spread of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, it would be prudent to consider the use of alternative antimicrobial agents or therapies. Only a sustainable, sustained, determined, and coordinated international effort will provide the solutions needed for the future. Plant secondary metabolites show bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity similar to that of conventional antibiotics. However, to effectively eliminate infection, secondary metabolites may need to be activated by heat treatment or combined with other therapies. Cold atmospheric plasma therapy is yet another novel approach that has proven antimicrobial effects. In this review, we explore the physiochemical mechanisms that may give rise to the improved antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites when combined with cold atmospheric plasma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Prasad
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (S.S.); (J.W.); (I.L.)
| | - Syamlal Sasi
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (S.S.); (J.W.); (I.L.)
| | - Janith Weerasinghe
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (S.S.); (J.W.); (I.L.)
| | - Igor Levchenko
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (S.S.); (J.W.); (I.L.)
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; (S.S.); (J.W.); (I.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nizam NN, Mahmud S, Ark SMA, Kamruzzaman M, Hasan MK. Bakuchiol, a natural constituent and its pharmacological benefits. F1000Res 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 38021404 PMCID: PMC10683784 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia L. is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits. Methods A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were finally selected for this review. Results Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated. Conclusions From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuder Nower Nizam
- Department of Public Health, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - S M Albar Ark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdalla Abdelaziz MA, Nelson VK, Kumarasamy M, Peraman R. Anticancer effect of polyphenolic acid enriched fractions from Grewia bracteata Roth on tumor cells and their p53 gene independent ROS mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Toxicon 2023; 233:107243. [PMID: 37567418 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
It is the first report on leaves of Grewia bracteata Roth for its anticancer effect. In this study, three polarity-guided solvent extracts of Grewia bracteata leaves from n-hexane (GLH), ethyl acetate (GLE), and methanol (GLM) were screened for anticancer effects on HeLa, HCT-116, MCF-7, HCT-116 p53-/- and PC-3 cells via methyl thiazoldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Based on the results, GLM was fractionated, and the obtained fractions were tested on HCT-116 cells. Further, FT-IR, HPLC analysis, clonogenic assay, wound healing assay, DCFDA, and cell cycle experiments were conducted on HCT-116 cells. The extracts from methanol (GLM) and ethyl-acetate (GLE) demonstrated a more selective and promising inhibition on HCT-116 cells than others. Notably, GLM recorded superior inhibition on HCT-116 p53-/- than GLE. Amongst, the methanol column fraction (GMCF) showed prominent inhibition on HCT-116 (IC50:63.55 ± 0.61 μg/ml) and HCT-116 p53-/- (IC50: 84.51 ± 0.58 μg/ml) cells. Further, the test on normal cells (NKE) revealed minimal toxicity of GMCF. The phytochemical test, FT-IR, HPLC, and LC-HRMS analyses confirmed the high abundance of polyphenolic acid/polyphenols in GMCF. Further, the clonogenic and wound healing assays on HCT-116 cells were also performed. Later, the probable cell death mechanism was identified using DCFDA and cell cycle experiments. These experiments disclosed that GMCF induced HCT-116 cell death was probably due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) upregulation and cells cycle arrest at SubG0 phase. It inferred that the activity is most probably p53 independent, a tumor suppressor gene responsible for drug resistance in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, 515742, India
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, 515742, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma A, Kathuria D, Kolita B, Gohain A, Das AK, Bhardwaj G, Simal-Gandara J. Greener approach for the isolation of oleanolic acid from Nepeta leucophylla Benth. Its derivatization and their molecular docking as antibacterial and antiviral agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18639. [PMID: 37560655 PMCID: PMC10407133 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study bioactive methanolic extract along with chloroform and hexane extracts obtained from shade dried leaves of the Himalayan aromatic medicinal plant Nepeta leucophylla Benth. Were screened for the presence of triterpenoids, especially oleanolic acid (OA). Total three compounds oleanolic acid, squalene and linoleic methyl ester were isolated from methanol extract. The percentage yield of OA was 0.11%. Out of these three, OA is more bioactive and was further subjected to derivatization using greener Ultrasonication method. Total three derivatives (3-Acetyl oleanolic acid, 3-Phthaloyl oleanolic acid and 3-Oxo oleanolic acid) were synthesized with 91.16%, 93.98%, and 83.6% respectively. Further, the antioxidant potential of OA and its derivatives were evaluated using DPPH assay which suggested that the 3-Phthaloyl oleanolic acid exhibits highest antioxidant potential with 40.83 ± 1.14% inhibition. OA and its derivatives were screened in-silico antibacterial potential against three bacterial pathogens (E-coli, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus) and antiviral potential against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and H1N1 influenza virus. The in-silico results suggested that 3-phthaloyl oleanolic acid showed best H-bonding with FtsA (Staphylococcus aureus), enoyl acyl reductase (E. coli) and arabinosyl transferase (Mycobactrium tuberculosis). 3-Phthaloyl oleanolic acid also showed best H-Bond interactions with the target proteins hemagglutinin (H1N1) and reverse transcriptase (HIV), whereas, oleanolic acid exhibited the best interactions with RNA dependent RNA polymerase (SARS-CoV-2) and thus could be considered for further in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Longowal, Punjab, 148106, India
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Bhaskor Kolita
- Department of Botany, Jorhat Kendriya Mahavidylaya, Kenduguri, Jorhat, Assam, 785010, India
| | - Apurba Gohain
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University Silchar, Dorgakona, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Ashoke Kumar Das
- Department of Botany, Abhayapuri College, Abhayapuri, Srijangram, Assam, 783384, India
| | - Garima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Longowal, Punjab, 148106, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- University of Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azam MS, Islam MN, Wahiduzzaman M, Alam M, Dhrubo AAK. Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4444-4459. [PMID: 37576049 PMCID: PMC10420791 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses produce a variety of illnesses, which may also cause acute respiratory syndrome. All viral infections, including COVID-19, are associated with the strength of the immune system. Till now, traditional medicine or vaccines for most viral diseases have not been effective. Antiviral and immune-boosting diets may provide defense against viral diseases by lowering the risk of infection and assisting rapid recovery. The purpose of this review was to gather, analyze, and present data based on scientific evidence in order to provide an overview of the mechanistic insights of antiviral bioactive metabolites. We have covered a wide range of food with antiviral properties in this review, along with their potential mechanism of action against viral infections. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of using antiviral food have been critically reviewed. Bioactive plant compounds, not only help in maintaining the body's normal physiological mechanism and good health but are also essential for improving the body's immunity and therefore can be effective against viral diseases. These agents fight viral diseases either by incorporating the body's defense mechanism or by enhancing the cell's immune system. Regular intake of antiviral foods may prevent future pandemic and consumption of these antiviral agents with traditional medicine may reduce the severity of viral diseases. Therefore, the synergistic effect of antiviral foods and medication needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shofiul Azam
- Department of Food EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro‐ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
- Institute of Food Safety and ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Wahiduzzaman
- Bio‐Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea TechnologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blokhina EA, Mardanova ES, Zykova AA, Stepanova LA, Shuklina MA, Tsybalova LM, Ravin NV. Plant-Produced Nanoparticles Based on Artificial Self-Assembling Peptide Bearing the Influenza M2e Epitope. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112228. [PMID: 37299207 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in vaccine development, influenza remains a persistent global health threat and the search for a broad-spectrum recombinant vaccine against influenza continues. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein M2 (M2e) of the influenza A virus is highly conserved and can be used to develop a universal vaccine. M2e is a poor immunogen by itself, but it becomes highly immunogenic when linked to an appropriate carrier. Here, we report the transient expression of a recombinant protein comprising four tandem copies of M2e fused to an artificial self-assembling peptide (SAP) in plants. The hybrid protein was efficiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana using the self-replicating potato virus X-based vector pEff. The protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. The hybrid protein was capable of self-assembly in vitro into spherical particles 15-30 nm in size. The subcutaneous immunization of mice with M2e-carrying nanoparticles induced high levels of M2e-specific IgG antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions. Immunization provided mice with protection against a lethal influenza A virus challenge. SAP-based nanoparticles displaying M2e peptides can be further used to develop a recombinant "universal" vaccine against influenza A produced in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Blokhina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia S Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Zykova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila A Stepanova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A Shuklina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Tsybalova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raman K, Rajagopal K, Ramesh B, Nallasivan PK, Raja MKMM, Jupudi S, Byran G, Khan SL, Bin Emran T. Drug target of natural products and COVID-19: how far has science progressed? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2731-2742. [PMID: 37363478 PMCID: PMC10289732 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] that caused a viral disease with a high risk of mortality (coronavirus disease 2019) was found toward the end of 2019. This was a significant acute respiratory syndrome. In a brief period, this virus spread throughout the entire planet, causing tremendous loss of life and economic damage. The process of developing new treatments takes time, and there are presently no recognized specific treatments to treat this infection. The most promising participants, who subsequently developed into prospective leads, were dropped from the clinical research in their latter phases. Medication that has previously acquired permission may only be repurposed for use for various medical reasons following a thorough investigation for safety and effectiveness. Because there are now no effective treatments available, natural products are being used haphazardly as antiviral medications and immunity boosters. The fundamental statement that most natural compounds have powerful antiviral action does not apply to SARS-CoV-2. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections are inhibited by natural treatments. According to an in silico study, the virus' nonstructural proteins, including PLpro, Mpro, and RdRp, as well as structural proteins like the spike (S) protein, have been shown to have a strong affinity for several natural products and to be inhibited by them. The virus also suggests that it is a valid candidate for therapeutic research since it utilizes the intracellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell. In this study, interesting targets for SARS-CoV-2 medication development are explored, as well as the antiviral properties of some well-known natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu India
| | - B. Ramesh
- Kakatiya Government College, Hanumakonda, Telangana India
| | - P. Kumar Nallasivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore India
| | - M. K. Mohan M. Raja
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sharuk L. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, Maharashtra, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogowska A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Kanawati B, Pomastowski P, Arendowski A, Gołębiowski A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fordymacka M, Sukiennik J, Krzywik J, Buszewski B. Advanced Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Comprehensive Study of Synthesized Silicon-Based Silyl Organic Compounds: Identifying Fragmentation Pathways and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093563. [PMID: 37176445 PMCID: PMC10179955 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize novel silicon-based silyl organic compounds in order to gain a deeper understanding of their potential applications and interactions with other compounds. Four new artificial silyl organic compounds were successfully synthesized: 1-O-(Trimethylsilyl)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranose (compound 1), 1-[(1,1-dimethylehtyl)diphenylsilyl]-1H-indole (compound 2), O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-(3-hydroxypropyl)oleate (compound 3), and 1-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-myo-inositol (compound 4). To thoroughly characterize these synthesized compounds, a combination of advanced mass spectrometric techniques was employed, including nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NALDI-MS), Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), and triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ ESI-MS/MS). These analytical methods enabled the accurate identification and characterization of the synthesized silyl organic compounds, providing valuable insights into their properties and potential applications. Furthermore, the electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS/MS) technique facilitated the proposal of fragmentation pathways for the ionized silyl organic compounds, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their behavior during mass spectrometric analysis. These findings suggest that mass spectrometric techniques offer a highly effective means of investigating and characterizing naturally occurring silicon-based silyl organic compounds, with potential implications for advancing research in various fields and applications in different industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rogowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Arendowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Phillipe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Fordymacka
- TriMen Chemicals Sp. z o.o., Al. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Julia Krzywik
- TriMen Chemicals Sp. z o.o., Al. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhandu P, Verma H, Raju B, Narendra G, Choudhary S, Singh M, Singh PK, Silakari O. Identification of natural peptides from "PlantPepDB" database as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents: A protein-protein docking approach. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 3:100446. [PMID: 37033295 PMCID: PMC10065049 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A global pandemic owing to COVID-19 infection has created havoc in the entire world. The etiological agent responsible for this viral outbreak is classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Still, there's no specific drug or preventive medication to treat SARS-CoV-2. This study was designed to demonstrate the efficacy of some anti-viral peptides obtained from a plant database i.e., PlantPepDB as potential ACE-2-Spike (S) protein complex neutralizers using a structure-based drug designing approach. METHOD A total of 83 anti-viral plant peptides were screened from a peptide database i.e. PlantPepDB based on their reported anti-viral activities against various viral strains. In order to screen peptides that may potentially interfere with ACE-2 and S complex formation, molecular docking studies were conducted using the flare module of Cresset software and subsequently, analysed the crucial interactions between the peptides and S complexes and ACE-2/S complex. Herein, the interactions and docking scores obtained for ACE-2/S complex were considered as references. The S-peptides complexes which displayed superior interactions and docking scores than reference complex i.e., ACE2-S were considered as final hits. The Molecular dynamics studies were conducted for a period of 30 ns for each of the final hit/S complex to understand the interaction stability and binding mechanism of designed peptides. RESULTS The molecular docking results revealed that five peptides including Cycloviolacin Y3, Cycloviolacin Y1, White cloud bean defensin, Putative defensin 3.1, and Defensin D1 showed superior docking scores (i.e. -1372.5 kJ/mol to -1232.6 kJ/mol) when docked at the ACE2 binding site of S-protein than score obtained for the complex of ACE-2 and S protein i.e. -1183.4 kJ/mol. Moreover, these top five peptides manifested key interactions required to prevent the binding of S protein with ACE2. The molecular dynamics simulation study revealed that two of these five peptides i.e. Cycloviolacin Y3 and Cycloviolacin Y1 displayed minimal RMSD fluctuations. CONCLUSIONS The current structure-based drug-designing approach shows the possible role of anti-viral plant peptides as potential molecules to be explored at the initial stage of viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhandu
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
England C, TrejoMartinez J, PerezSanchez P, Karki U, Xu J. Plants as Biofactories for Therapeutic Proteins and Antiviral Compounds to Combat COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:617. [PMID: 36983772 PMCID: PMC10054913 DOI: 10.3390/life13030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had a profound impact on the world's health and economy. Although the end of the pandemic may come in 2023, it is generally believed that the virus will not be completely eradicated. Most likely, the disease will become an endemicity. The rapid development of vaccines of different types (mRNA, subunit protein, inactivated virus, etc.) and some other antiviral drugs (Remdesivir, Olumiant, Paxlovid, etc.) has provided effectiveness in reducing COVID-19's impact worldwide. However, the circulating SARS-CoV-2 virus has been constantly mutating with the emergence of multiple variants, which makes control of COVID-19 difficult. There is still a pressing need for developing more effective antiviral drugs to fight against the disease. Plants have provided a promising production platform for both bioactive chemical compounds (small molecules) and recombinant therapeutics (big molecules). Plants naturally produce a diverse range of bioactive compounds as secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, terpenoids/terpenes and polyphenols, which are a rich source of countless antiviral compounds. Plants can also be genetically engineered to produce valuable recombinant therapeutics. This molecular farming in plants has an unprecedented opportunity for developing vaccines, antibodies, and other biologics for pandemic diseases because of its potential advantages, such as low cost, safety, and high production volume. This review summarizes the latest advancements in plant-derived drugs used to combat COVID-19 and discusses the prospects and challenges of the plant-based production platform for antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corbin England
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | | | - Paula PerezSanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Uddhab Karki
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pandit A, Shukla AK, Deepika, Vaidya D, Kumari A, Kumar A. In vitro Assessment of Anti-Microbial Activity of Aloe vera (Barbadensis miller) Supported through Computational Studies. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162023020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
17
|
Deshpande SH, Muhsinah AB, Bagewadi ZK, Ankad GM, Mahnashi MH, Yaraguppi DA, Shaikh IA, Khan AA, Hegde HV, Roy S. In Silico Study on the Interactions, Molecular Docking, Dynamics and Simulation of Potential Compounds from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Root against Cancer by Targeting KAT6A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031117. [PMID: 36770785 PMCID: PMC9920226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the abnormal development of cells that divide in an uncontrolled manner and further take over the body and destroy the normal cells of the body. Although several therapies are practiced, the demand and need for new therapeutic agents are ever-increasing because of issues with the safety, efficacy and efficiency of old drugs. Several plant-based therapeutics are being used for treatment, either as conjugates with existing drugs or as standalone formulations. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a highly studied medicinal plant which is known to possess immunomodulatory activity as well as anticancer properties. The pivotal role of KAT6A in major cellular pathways and its oncogenic nature make it an important target in cancer treatment. Based on the literature and curated datasets, twenty-six compounds from the root of W. somnifera and a standard inhibitor were docked with the target KAT6A using Autodock vina. The compounds and the inhibitor complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (50 ns) using Desmond to understand the stability and interactions. The top compounds (based on the docking score of less than -8.5 kcal/mol) were evaluated in comparison to the inhibitor. Based on interactions at ARG655, LEU686, GLN760, ARG660, LEU689 and LYS763 amino acids with the inhibitor WM-8014, the compounds from W. somnifera were evaluated. Withanolide D, Withasomniferol C, Withanolide E, 27-Hydroxywithanone, Withanolide G, Withasomniferol B and Sitoindoside IX showed high stability with the residues of interest. The cell viability of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was evaluated by treating them with W. Somnifera root extract using an MTT assay, which showed inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 45 µg/mL. The data from the study support the traditional practice of W. somnifera as an anticancer herb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay H. Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (Z.K.B.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Gireesh M. Ankad
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Z.K.B.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Deepak A. Yaraguppi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aejaz Abdullatif Khan
- Department of General Science, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harsha V. Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mengist HM, Khalid Z, Adane F. In silico Screening of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Thymus schimperi. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2023; 16:1-13. [PMID: 36699952 PMCID: PMC9868284 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s393084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is still instigating significant social and economic chaos worldwide; however, there is no approved antiviral drug yet. Here, we used in silico analysis to screen potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors extracted from the essential oil of Thymus schimperi which could contribute to the discovery of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 phytochemicals. Methods The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of compounds were determined through SwissADME and ProToxII servers. AutoDock tools were used for molecular docking analysis studies, while Chimera, DS studio, and LigPlot were used for post-docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for 200 ns under constant pressure. Results All compounds exhibited a bioavailability score of ≥0.55 entailing that at least 55% of the drugs can be absorbed unchanged. Only five (9%), nine (16%) and two (3.6%) of the compounds showed active hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity, respectively. Except for flourazophore P, which showed a little mutagenicity, all other compounds did not show mutagenic properties. On the other hand, only pinene beta was found to have a little cytotoxicity. Five compounds demonstrated effective binding to the catalytic dyad of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro substrate binding pocket, while two of them (geranylisobutanoate and 3-octane) are found to be the best hits that formed hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and Ser144 of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Conclusion Based on our in silico analysis, top hits from Thymus schimperi may serve as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to characterize these compounds for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist, Email
| | - Zunera Khalid
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Langfang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fentahun Adane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Medicinal Plants in Peru as a Source of Immunomodulatory Drugs Potentially Useful Against COVID-19. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2023; 33:237-258. [PMID: 36855527 PMCID: PMC9948797 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-023-00367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by a highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome, led us to look for medicinal plants as an alternative to obtain new drugs, especially those with immunomodulatory abilities, capable of acting against the pulmonary infection caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite medical advances with COVID-19 drugs and vaccines, plant-based compounds could provide an array of suitable candidates to test against this virus, or at the very least, to alleviate some symptoms. Therefore, this review explores some plants widely used in Peru that show immunomodulatory properties or, even more, contain phytoconstituents potentially useful to prevent or alleviate the COVID-19 infection. More interestingly, the present review highlights relevant information from those plants to support the development of new drugs to boost the immune system. We used three criteria to choose nine vegetal species, and a descriptive search was then conducted from 1978 to 2021 on different databases, using keywords focused on the immune system that included information such as pharmacological properties, phytochemical, botanical, ethnobotanical uses, and some clinical trials. From these literature data, our results displayed considerable immunomodulation activity along with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumoral activities. Noticeably, these pharmacological activities are related with a wide variety of bioactive phytoconstituents (mixtures or isolated compounds) which may be beneficial in modulating the overt inflammatory response in severe COVID-19. Further scientific research on the pharmacological activities and clinical utilization of these potential plants are warranted. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-023-00367-w.
Collapse
|
20
|
Asare MO, Száková J, Tlustoš P. The fate of secondary metabolites in plants growing on Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated soils-a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11378-11398. [PMID: 36529801 PMCID: PMC9760545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The study used scattered literature to summarize the effects of excess Cd, As, and Pb from contaminated soils on plant secondary metabolites/bioactive compounds (non-nutrient organic substances). Hence, we provided a systematic overview involving the sources and forms of Cd, As, and Pb in soils, plant uptake, mechanisms governing the interaction of these risk elements during the formation of secondary metabolites, and subsequent effects. The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations. The radial risk element flow in plant systems is restricted by the apoplastic barrier (e.g., Casparian strip) and chelation (phytochelatins and vacuole sequestration) in roots. However, bioaccumulation is primarily a function of risk element concentration and plant genotype. The translocation of risk elements to the shoot via the xylem and phloem is well-mediated by transporter proteins. Besides the dysfunction of growth, photosynthesis, and respiration, excess Cd, As, and Pb in plants trigger the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties to counteract the toxic effects. Eventually, this affects the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites (including phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes) and adversely influences their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering properties. The mechanisms governing the translocation of Cd, As, and Pb are vital for regulating risk element accumulation in plants and subsequent effects on secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Asare
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saiyed AN, Vasavada AR, Johar SRK. Employing in silico investigations to determine the cross-kingdom approach for Curcuma longa miRNAs and their human targets. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36644780 PMCID: PMC9823259 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant elements and extracts have been used for centuries to treat a wide range of diseases, from cancer to modern lifestyle ailments like viral infections. These plant-based miRNAs have the capacity to control physiological and pathological conditions in both humans and animals, and they might be helpful in the detection and treatment of a variety of diseases. The present study investigates the miRNA of the well-known spice Curcuma Longa and its prospective targets using a variety of bioinformatics techniques. Results Using the integrative database of animal, plant, and viral microRNAs known as miRNEST 2.0, nine C. longa miRNAs were predicted. psRNA target service foretells the presence of 23 human target genes linked to a variety of disorders. By interacting with a variety of cellular and metabolic processes, miRNAs 167, 1525, and 756 have been found to be critical regulators of tumour microenvironment. SARS-cov2 and influenza A virus regulation have been connected to ZFP36L1 from miRNA 1525 and ETV5 from miRNA 756, respectively. Conclusions The current cross-kingdom study offers fresh knowledge about how to increase the effectiveness of plant-based therapies for disease prevention and serves as a platform for in vitro and in vivo research development. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiyabanu N. Saiyed
- grid.417865.90000 0004 1773 3331Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Ph.D. Scholar of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Abhay R. Vasavada
- grid.417865.90000 0004 1773 3331Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - S. R. Kaid Johar
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Srivastava S, He F, Huang Y, Niu M, Adholeya A, Peng WK. A Brief Review on Medicinal Plants-At-Arms against COVID-19. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2023; 2023:7598307. [PMID: 37139479 PMCID: PMC10151152 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has impacted human livelihood globally. Strenuous efforts have been employed for its control and prevention; however, with recent reports on mutated strains with much higher infectivity, transmissibility, and ability to evade immunity developed from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, prevention alternatives must be prepared beforehand in case. We have perused over 128 recent works (found on Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect as of February 2023) on medicinal plants and their compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and eventually reviewed 102 of them. The clinical application and the curative effect were reported high in China and in India. Accordingly, this review highlights the unprecedented opportunities offered by medicinal plants and their compounds, candidates as the therapeutic agent, against COVID-19 by acting as viral protein inhibitors and immunomodulator in (32 clinical trials and hundreds of in silico experiments) conjecture with modern science. Moreover, the associated foreseeable challenges for their viral outbreak management were discussed in comparison to synthetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Fangzhou He
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, University Innovation Park, Dongguan 523-808, China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, University Innovation Park, Dongguan 523-808, China
| | - Meng Niu
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Alok Adholeya
- Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, University Innovation Park, Dongguan 523-808, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen Q, Jin Y, Guo X, Xu M, Wei G, Lu X, Tang Z. Metabolomic responses to the mechanical wounding of Catharanthus roseus' upper leaves. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14539. [PMID: 36968002 PMCID: PMC10035419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Plant secondary metabolites are used to treat various human diseases. However, it is difficult to produce a large number of specific metabolites, which largely limits their medicinal applications. Many methods, such as drought and nutrient application, have been used to induce the biosynthetic production of secondary metabolites. Among these secondary metabolite-inducing methods, mechanical wounding maintains the composition of secondary metabolites with little potential risk. However, the effects of mechanical stress have not been fully investigated, and thus this method remains widely unused. Methods In this study, we used metabolomics to investigate the metabolites produced in the upper and lower leaves of Catharanthus roseus in response to mechanical wounding. Results In the upper leaves, 13 different secondary metabolites (three terpenoid indole alkaloids and 10 phenolic compounds) were screened using an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot. The mechanical wounding of different plant parts affected the production of secondary metabolites. Specifically, when lower leaves were mechanically wounded, the upper leaves became a strong source of resources. Conversely, when upper leaves were injured, the upper leaves themselves became a resource sink. Changes in the source-sink relationship reflected a new balance between resource tradeoff and the upregulation or downregulation of certain metabolic pathways. Conclusion Our findings suggest that mechanical wounding to specific plant parts is a novel approach to increase the biosynthetic production of specific secondary metabolites. These results indicate the need for a reevaluation of production practices for secondary metabolites from select commercial plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong Univesity, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong Univesity, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guanyun Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong Univesity, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Savchenko T, Degtyaryov E, Radzyukevich Y, Buryak V. Therapeutic Potential of Plant Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314627. [PMID: 36498955 PMCID: PMC9741157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For immobile plants, the main means of protection against adverse environmental factors is the biosynthesis of various secondary (specialized) metabolites. The extreme diversity and high biological activity of these metabolites determine the researchers' interest in plants as a source of therapeutic agents. Oxylipins, oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, are particularly promising in this regard. Plant oxylipins, which are characterized by a diversity of chemical structures, can exert protective and therapeutic properties in animal cells. While the therapeutic potential of some classes of plant oxylipins, such as jasmonates and acetylenic oxylipins, has been analyzed thoroughly, other oxylipins are barely studied in this regard. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of all major classes of plant oxylipins, including derivatives of acetylenic fatty acids, jasmonates, six- and nine-carbon aldehydes, oxy-, epoxy-, and hydroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, as well as spontaneously formed phytoprostanes and phytofurans. The presented analysis will provide an impetus for further research investigating the beneficial properties of these secondary metabolites and bringing them closer to practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny Degtyaryov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Puschchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Prospect Nauki st., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Radzyukevich
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vlada Buryak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, str. 51, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation of Several Flavonoids Predict Cyanidin as an Effective Drug Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:3742318. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3742318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The in silico method has provided a versatile process of developing lead compounds from a large database in a short duration. Therefore, it is imperative to look for vaccinations and medications that can stop the havoc caused by SARS-CoV-2. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is required for the viral entry into the host cells, hence inhibiting the virus from fusing and infecting the host. This study determined the binding interactions of 36 flavonoids along with two FDA-approved drugs against the spike protein receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In addition, the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) approach was used to calculate the binding-free energy (BFE). Flavonoids were selected based on their in vitro assays on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Our pharmacokinetics study revealed that cyanidin showed good drug-likeness, fulfilled Lipinski’s rule of five, and conferred favorable toxicity parameters. Furthermore, MD simulations showed that cyanidin interacts with spike protein and alters the conformation and binding-free energy suited. Finally, an in vitro assay indicated that about 50% reduction in the binding of hACE2 with S1-RBD in the presence of cyanidin-containing red grapes crude extract was achieved at approximately 1.25 mg/mL. Hence, cyanidin may be a promising adjuvant medication for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on in silico and in vitro research.
Collapse
|
26
|
Baran C, Sharma S, Tripathi A, Awasthi A, Jaiswal A, Tandon P, Singh R, Uttam KN. Non-Destructive Monitoring of Ripening Process of the Underutilized Fruit Kadam Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Confocal Micro Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2137523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Baran
- Centre for Environmental Science, IIDS, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Sweta Sharma
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India
| | - Aradhana Tripathi
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Aishwary Awasthi
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Aarti Jaiswal
- Centre for Material Sciences, IIDS, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | | | - Renu Singh
- School of Humanities and Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
An integrated computational approach towards the screening of active plant metabolites as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: an overview. Struct Chem 2022; 34:1073-1104. [PMID: 36212707 PMCID: PMC9526463 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 and its causative organism SARS-CoV-2 paralyzed the world and was designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The worldwide health system is trying to discover an effective therapeutic measure since no clinically authorized medications are present. Screening of plant-derived pharmaceuticals may be a viable technique to fight COVID-19 in this vital situation. This review discusses the potential application of in silico approaches in developing new therapeutic molecules related to preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also, it describes the binding affinity of various phytoconstituents with distinct SARS-CoV-2 target sites. In this perspective, an extensive literature survey was carried out to find the potential phytoconstituents to develop new therapeutic entities to treat COVID-19 in different online academic databases and books. Data retrieved from databases were analyzed and interpreted to conclude that many phytochemicals will bind with the 3-chymotrypsin-like (3CLpro) and papain-like proteases (PLpro), spike glycoprotein, ACE-2, NSP15-endoribonuclease, and E protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using in silico molecular docking approach. The present investigations reveal that phytoconstituents such as curcumin, apigenin, chrysophanol, and gingerol are significantly binding with spike glycoprotein; laurolistine, acetoside, etc. are bound with Mpro for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. Using virtual applications of in silico studies, the current study constitutes a progressive data analysis on the mechanism of binding efficiency of distinct classes of plant metabolites against the active sites of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the current review also demonstrates the fundamental necessity of the alternative and complementary medicine for future therapeutic uses of phytoconstituents by phytochemists in the fight against COVID-19.
Collapse
|
28
|
Souza JL, Nunes VV, Calazans CC, Silva-Mann R. Biotechnological potential of medicinal plant Erythrina velutina Willd: A systematic review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
29
|
Nazeam JA, Singab ANB. Immunostimulant plant proteins: Potential candidates as vaccine adjuvants. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4345-4360. [PMID: 36128599 PMCID: PMC9538006 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is shaking up global scientific structures toward addressing antibiotic resistance threats and indicates an urgent need to develop more cost-effective vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in boosting immunogenicity and improving vaccine efficacy. The toxicity and adversity of most adjuvant formulations are the major human immunization problems, especially in routine pediatric and immunocompromised patients. The present review focused on preclinical studies of immunoadjuvant plant proteins in use with antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral vaccines. Moreover, this report outlines the current perspective of immunostimulant plant protein candidates that can be used by researchers in developing new generations of vaccine-adjuvants. Future clinical studies are required to substantiate the plant proteins' safety and applicability as a vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilan A. Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyOctober 6 UniversityGizaEgypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Review on Herbal Secondary Metabolites Against COVID-19 Focusing on the Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: An outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, subsequently affecting countries worldwide and causing a pandemic. Although several vaccines, such as mRNA vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and adenovirus vaccines, have been licensed in several countries, the danger of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants persists. To date, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351, B.1.351.2, B.1.351.3), Delta (B.1.617.2, AY.1, AY.2, AY. 3), Gamma (P.1, P.1.1, P.1.2), and Iota (B.1 .526) circulating in the United States, Kappa (B.1.617.1) in India, Lambda (C.37) in Peru and Mu (B.1.621) in Colombia are considered the variants of concern and interest. Evidence Acquisition: Data were collected through the end of August 2021 by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. There were findings from in silico, in vitro cell-based, and non-cell-based investigations. Results: The potential and safety profile of herbal medicines need clarification to scientifically support future recommendations regarding the benefits and risks of their use. Conclusions: Current research results on natural products against SARS-CoV-2 and variants are discussed, and their specific molecular targets and possible mechanisms of action are summarized.
Collapse
|
31
|
SOYOCAK A, AK A, ÖNEM E. Anti-quorum sensing and cytotoxic activity of elemi essential oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1059886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have several biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, proliferative, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed identification of bioactive compounds found in Elemi essential oil (EO) and to determine the anti-quorum sensing and cytotoxic activities of EO. In this study, bioactive compounds of EO were analyzed using GC-MS, and the antibacterial activity of elemi was screened against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Anti-biofilm activity and pyocyanin production on P. aeruginosa PAO1 were also investigated. The effect of EO on cell viability was also analyzed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NR) assay in fibroblast cells. According to GC results, the major component of EO was determined as limonene (55%). A sub-MIC of elemi essential oil inhibited biofilm formation and pyocyanin production by 43% and 56%, respectively. On the other hand, EO also had an acute effect on the mitochondrial and lysosomal activities of fibroblast cell lines. Mitochondrial and lysosomal activities were significantly decreased when EO concentrations were applied for 24 and 48 hours (p<0.05). In conclusion, EO has inhibitory activity on biofilm formation and pyocyanin production, and also the lower doses of oil have no toxic effects on fibroblast cells. However, higher doses of EO have more cytotoxic effects on mitochondrial activity rather than the lysosomal activity of fibroblast cell lines. It is thought that EO exhibits these activities due to the amount of limonene in its content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahu SOYOCAK
- ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES (MEDICINE), DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOLOGY
| | - Ayşe AK
- KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, KOCAELİ HEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
| | - Ebru ÖNEM
- SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BASIC PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Banerjee S, Wang X, Du S, Zhu C, Jia Y, Wang Y, Cai Q. Comprehensive role of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in regulating host signaling pathway. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4071-4087. [PMID: 35488404 PMCID: PMC9348444 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, global public health and the economy have suffered unprecedented damage. Based on the increasing related literature, the characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of the virus, and epidemiological and clinical features of the disease are being rapidly discovered. The spike glycoprotein (S protein), as a key antigen of SARS-CoV-2 for developing vaccines, antibodies, and drug targets, has been shown to play an important role in viral entry, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of interaction between S protein and host factors, especially receptor-mediated viral modulation of host signaling pathways, and highlight the progression of potential therapeutic targets, prophylactic and therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringKoba Institutional AreaGandhinagarGujaratIndia
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, & School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shujuan Du
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, & School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Caixia Zhu
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, & School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yuyan Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, & School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, & School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Antiviral perspectives of economically important Indian medicinal plants and spices. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9422945 DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory diseases caused by viral infections leads to morbidity. Among infectious diseases, viral infections associated with the respiratory tract remain the primary reason for global deaths due to their transmissibility. Since immemorial, traditional Indian medicinal plants, their extracts, and several phytochemicals can treat various diseases. Sources for this review paper are data derived from a peer-reviewed journal that emphasizes the economic importance of medicinal plants. Several plant-based medicines have been reported to be effective against multiple viral infections, including the Human Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Influenza virus, Hepatitis virus, etc. This review emphasizes use of the Indian medicinal plants like as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha, Winter Cherry), Moringa oleifera (Drumstick), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Terminalia chebula (Chebulic Myrobalan), Punica granatum (Pomegranate) and the Indian household spices (ginger, garlic and black pepper). It further describes their secondary phytoconstituents extraction procedure, mode of action and the potential application to improve clinical outcomes of neutraceuticals against various viral infections.
Collapse
|
34
|
Matondo A, Dendera W, Isamura BK, Ngbolua KTN, Mambo HVS, Muzomwe M, Mudogo V. In silico Drug Repurposing of Anticancer Drug 5-FU and Analogues Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Pharmacokinetics and Chemical Reactivity Studies. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2022; 15:59-77. [PMID: 35996620 PMCID: PMC9391940 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s366111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the last COVID-19 outbreak, several approaches have been given a try to quickly tackle this global calamity. One of the well-established strategies is the drug repurposing, which consists in finding new therapeutic uses for approved drugs. Following the same paradigm, we report in the present study, an investigation of the potential inhibitory activity of 5-FU and nineteen of its analogues against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro). Material and Methods Molecular docking calculations were performed to investigate the binding affinity of the ligands within the active site of 3CLpro. The best binding candidates were further considered for molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns to gain a time-resolved understanding of the behavior of the guest-host complexes. Furthermore, the profile of druggability of the best binding ligands was assessed based on ADMET predictions. Finally, their chemical reactivity was elucidated using different reactivity descriptors, namely the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Fukui functions and frontier molecular orbitals. Results and Discussion From the calculations performed, four candidates (compounds 14, 15, 16 and 18) show promising results with respect to the binding affinity to the target protease, 3CLpro, the therapeutic profile of druggability and safety. These compounds are maintained inside the active site of 3CLpro thanks to a variety of noncovalent interactions, especially hydrogen bonds, involving important amino acids such as GLU166, HIS163, GLY143, ASN142, HIS172, CYS145. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the four ligands are well trapped within the active site of the protein over a time gap of 100 ns, ligand 18 being the most retained. Conclusion In line with the findings reported herein, we recommend that further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations are carried out to shed light on the possible mechanism of pharmacological action of the proposed ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristote Matondo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Washington Dendera
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
- Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hilaire V S Mambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mayaliwa Muzomwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Virima Mudogo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tegegne AA, Mulugeta A, Genetu B, Endale A, Elias A. Perception Towards COVID-19 Related Symptoms and Traditional Medicine Used for Their Management Among Patients and Their Attendants in Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5023-5034. [PMID: 36065278 PMCID: PMC9440696 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s380211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Afrassa Tegegne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Addisu Afrassa Tegegne, Email
| | - Abel Mulugeta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Betelhem Genetu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Abyot Endale
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Elias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Siddiqui S, Upadhyay S, Ahmad R, Barkat MA, Jamal A, Alothaim AS, Hassan MZ, Rahman MA, Arshad M, Ahamad T, Khan MF, Shankar H, Ali M, Kaleem S, Ahmad J. Interaction of Bioactive Compounds of Moringa oleifera Leaves with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins to Combat COVID-19 Pathogenesis: a Phytochemical and In Silico Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5918-5944. [PMID: 35838886 PMCID: PMC9283843 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Novel SARS-CoV-2 claimed a large number of human lives. The main proteins for viral entry into host cells are SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) and spike receptor-binding domain bound with ACE2 (spike RBD-ACE2; PDB ID: 6M0J). Currently, specific therapies are lacking globally. This study was designed to investigate the bioactive components from Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and their binding interactions with spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through computational analysis. GC–MS-based analysis unveiled the presence of thirty-seven bioactive components in MOL extract, viz. polyphenols, fatty acids, terpenes/triterpenes, phytosterols/steroids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. These bioactive phytoconstituents showed potential binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through the AutoDock 4.2 tool. Further by using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina, the top sixteen hits (binding energy ≥ − 6.0 kcal/mol) were selected, and these might be considered as active biomolecules. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation was determined by the Desmond module. Interestingly two biomolecules, namely β-tocopherol with spike glycoprotein and β-sitosterol with spike RBD-ACE2, displayed the best interacting complexes and low deviations during 100-ns simulation, implying their strong stability and compactness. Remarkably, both β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol also showed the drug- likeness with no predicted toxicity. In conclusion, these findings suggested that both compounds β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol may be developed as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The current findings of in silico approach need to be optimized using in vitro and clinical studies to prove the effectiveness of phytomolecules against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Hari Shankar
- Research Cell, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarjeel Kaleem
- Avadh Institute of Medical Technologies & Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Jalal Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bagde H, Dhopte A. Effects of Plant Metabolites on the Growth of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) Including Omicron Strain. Cureus 2022; 14:e26549. [PMID: 35936126 PMCID: PMC9348519 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent reports out of India, a new strain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) B1.1.529 Omicron virus has emerged. In comparison to the Wuhan (WHU) strain and the delta variant, this variant showed a far stronger effect on the angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor. There are several medicinal compounds in plant metabolites, and their diverse chemical structures make them ideal for the treatment of serious illnesses. It's possible that some of these could be useful alternative pharmaceuticals, as well as a starting point for the repurposing of existing medications and new chemical discoveries. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered a worldwide epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). There have been trials for different therapies for SARS-CoV-2 and so also there are recent announcements of extensive research into the development of viable medicines for this global health calamity. After a thorough examination of plant-derived treatments for COVID-19, investigators in the current study decided to focus on plant-derived secondary metabolites (PSMs). According to some researchers, new MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) antibiotics may one day be developed due to the adaptability of secondary metabolites. Identifying plant metabolites that can treat a wide range of viral infections was one of the study's aims. Many natural medications that could be recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 were discovered as a result of this research, including remedies from plant families, viral candidates that are susceptible, antiviral assays, and mechanisms of therapeutic action. The findings of this study will inspire further research and speed up the development of new antiviral plant-based medications.
Collapse
|
38
|
Matsabisa MG, Alexandre K, Ibeji CU, Tripathy S, Erukainure OL, Malatji K, Chauke S, Okole B, Chabalala HP. In vitro study on efficacy of PHELA, an African traditional drug against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10305. [PMID: 35718800 PMCID: PMC9207029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, coronavirus has made the third apparition in the form of SARS-CoV-2, a novel strain of coronavirus that is extremely pathogenic and it uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, more than 182 vaccine candidates have been announced; and 12 vaccines have been approved for use, although, even vaccinated individuals are still vulnerable to infection. In this study, we investigated PHELA, recognized as an herbal combination of four exotic African medicinal plants namely; Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey. Lamiaceae, Gladiolus dalenii van Geel, Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb, and Senna occidentalis (L.) Link; as a candidate therapy for COVID-19. In vitro testing found that PHELA inhibited > 90% of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection at concentration levels of 0.005 mg/ml to 0.03 mg/ml and close to 100% of MERS-CoV infection at 0.1 mg/ml to 0.6 mg/ml. The in vitro average IC50 of PHELA on SARS-COV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-COV were ~ 0.01 mg/ml. Secondly in silico docking studies of compounds identified in PHELA showed very strong binding energy interactions with the SARS-COV-2 proteins. Compound 5 showed the highest affinity for SARS-COV-2 protein compared to other compounds with the binding energy of − 6.8 kcal mol−1. Our data showed that PHELA has potential and could be developed as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - K Alexandre
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - S Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - K Malatji
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - S Chauke
- Synthetic Biology Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - B Okole
- Advanced Agriculture and Food Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H P Chabalala
- Department of Science and Innovation, Indigenous Knowledge-based Technology Innovations, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment? Molecules 2022; 27:3828. [PMID: 35744958 PMCID: PMC9231170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world desperately searches for ways to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing number of people are turning to herbal remedies. The Artemisia species, such as A. annua and A. afra, in particular, exhibit positive effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 related symptoms. A. annua is a source of artemisinin, which is active against malaria, and also exhibits potential for other diseases. This has increased interest in artemisinin's potential for drug repurposing. Artemisinin-based combination therapies, so-called ACTs, have already been recognized as first-line treatments against malaria. Artemisia extract, as well as ACTs, have demonstrated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. There is now sufficient evidence in the literature to suggest the effectiveness of Artemisia, its constituents and/or artemisinin derivatives, to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its invasion, and replication, as well as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigating lung damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA;
| | - Chandan Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA;
| | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rahman MH, Roy B, Chowdhury GM, Hasan A, Saimun MSR. Medicinal plant sources and traditional healthcare practices of forest-dependent communities in and around Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in southeastern Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2022; 5:207-241. [PMID: 37521586 PMCID: PMC9170557 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-022-00230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bangladesh's forest-dependent people rely on medicinal plants for traditional healthcare practices, as plant-based medicines are easily available and cost-effective. This study evaluated and documented ethnomedicinal practices for, and traditional knowledge of, utilising plants to cure ailments. Ethnobotanical indices quantified the use value (UV), frequency of citation, relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the informant consensus factor. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, the study interviewed 231 respondents from 18 villages in and around Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS). The study documented 134 medicinal plant species from 60 families; tree species were dominant (37.31%). Malvaceae (seven species), Rutaceae and Lamiaceae (six species each) families covered more species. Nearly half of the species (46.02%) were collected from CWS. Both above-ground and below-ground plant parts treated 71 types of ailments under 21 categories, with leaves (66 species) being the most widely used plant part. In total 33 species were used to treat dysentery, 25 species each for fever and jaundice, and 24 species for cuts and wounds. The average UV value was 0.24 and RFC value was 0.47%. Communities were found to utilise medicinal plants more at home than to sell at markets, substantially relying on medicinal plants to meet their domestic needs. Plants used for healthcare and cultural and religious beliefs have a strong connection that plays a vital role in plant conservation. This study identified 42 medicinal plant species that could be considered to treat COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that community awareness of sustainable harvesting and commercial cultivation could lead to conservation and use of these invaluable plant species for healthcare, new drugs discovery and sustainable forest management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42398-022-00230-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Laboratory of Tropical Forest Resources and Environments, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Bangladesh Institute of Social Research (BISR) Trust, House no. 6/14, Block no. A, Lalmatia, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Bishwajit Roy
- Bangladesh Institute of Social Research (BISR) Trust, House no. 6/14, Block no. A, Lalmatia, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016 Portugal
| | | | - Akib Hasan
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4 Canada
| | - Md. Shamim Reza Saimun
- Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brahmi F, Vejux A, Ghzaiel I, Ksila M, Zarrouk A, Ghrairi T, Essadek S, Mandard S, Leoni V, Poli G, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Kharoubi O, El Midaoui A, Atanasov AG, Meziane S, Latruffe N, Nasser B, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Madani K, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Lizard G. Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production. Nutrients 2022; 14:2194. [PMID: 35683996 PMCID: PMC9182601 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) is an infectious pathology generated by intense severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infectious disease has emerged in 2019. The COVID-19-associated pandemic has considerably affected the way of life and the economy in the world. It is consequently crucial to find solutions allowing remedying or alleviating the effects of this infectious disease. Natural products have been in perpetual application from immemorial time given that they are attested to be efficient towards several illnesses without major side effects. Various studies have shown that plant extracts or purified molecules have a promising inhibiting impact towards coronavirus. In addition, it is substantial to understand the characteristics, susceptibility and impact of diet on patients infected with COVID-19. In this review, we recapitulate the influence of extracts or pure molecules from medicinal plants on COVID-19. We approach the possibilities of plant treatment/co-treatment and feeding applied to COVID-19. We also show coronavirus susceptibility and complications associated with nutrient deficiencies and then discuss the major food groups efficient on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Then, we covered emerging technologies using plant-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We conclude by giving nutrient and plants curative therapy recommendations which are of potential interest in the COVID-19 infection and could pave the way for pharmacological treatments or co-treatments of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Brahmi
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Soukena Essadek
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry, University of Hassan 1st, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy;
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry of University of Burgundy (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Omar Kharoubi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Oran 1 ABB, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants, 1b Rue Victor de Lespinats, 54230 Neuves-Maison, France;
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry, University of Hassan 1st, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Industries Agroalimentaires, Route de Targua Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Murali M, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Singh SB, Shilpa N, Aiyaz M, Kalegowda N, Ledesma AE, Amruthesh KN. Repositioning therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Virtual screening of plant-based Anti-HIV compounds as possible inhibitors against COVID-19 viral RdRp. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:969-980. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220428120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic with a high mortality rate and infecting people worldwide. The COVID-19 vaccines that are currently in development or already approved are expected to provide at least some protection against the emerging variants of the virus but the mutations may reduce the efficacy of the existing vaccines. Purified phytochemicals from medicinal plants provide a helpful framework for discovering new therapeutic leads as they have long been employed in traditional medicine to treat many disorders.
Objective:
The objectives of the study are to exploit the anti-HIV bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through molecular docking studies and perform the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of potential compounds.
Methods:
Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction of ligands with the target sites of RdRp protein (PDB: 6M71) using AutoDock Vina. The ADMET properties of potential compounds were predicted using the pkCSM platform.
Results:
A total of 151 phytochemicals derived from the medicinal plants with recognized antiviral activity and 18 anti-HIV drugs were virtually screened against COVID-19 viral RdRp to identify putative inhibitors that facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. The computational studies identified 34 compounds and three drugs inhibiting viral RdRp with binding energies ranging from -10.2 to -8.5 kcal/ mol. Among these, five compounds, namely Michellamine B, Quercetin 3-O-(2'',6''-digalloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, Corilagin, Hypericin, and 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose residues bound efficiently with the binding site of RdRp. Besides, Lopinavir, Maraviroc, and Remdesivir drugs also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. In addition, the ADMET properties of top potential compounds were also predicted in comparison to the drugs.
Conclusion:
The present study suggested that these potential drug candidates can be further subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies that may help develop effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Ana E. Ledesma
- Centro De Investigaciónen Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), FCEyT, RN 9, km 1125, CP 4206 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Negm WA, El-Aasr M, Attia G, Alqahtani MJ, Yassien RI, Abo Kamer A, Elekhnawy E. Promising Antifungal Activity of Encephalartos laurentianus de Wild against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects on Renal Cortex of Adult Albino Rats. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050426. [PMID: 35628682 PMCID: PMC9144060 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans can cause various infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its ability to develop resistance to the current antifungal drugs as well as its multiple virulence factors have rendered the problem even more complicated. Thus, in the present investigation, we elucidated an in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Encephalartos laurentianus methanol extract (ELME) against C. albicans clinical isolates for the first time. A phytochemical identification of 64 compounds was conducted in ELME using LC-MS/MS. Interestingly, ELME exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values that ranged from 32–256 µg/mL. Furthermore, we investigated the antibiofilm activity of ELME against the biofilms formed by C. albicans isolates. ELME displayed antibiofilm activity using a crystal violet assay as it decreased the percentages of cells, moderately and strongly forming biofilms from 62.5% to 25%. Moreover, the antibiofilm impact of ELME was elucidated using SEM and fluorescent microscope. A significant reduction in the biofilm formation by C. albicans isolates was observed. In addition, we observed that ELME resulted in the downregulation of the biofilm-related tested genes (ALS1, BCR1, PLB2, and SAP5) in 37.5% of the isolates using qRT-PCR. Besides, the in vivo antifungal activity of ELME on the kidney tissues of rats infected with C. albicans was investigated using histological and immunohistochemical studies. ELME was found to protect against C. albicans induced renal damage, decrease desmin and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increase alkaline phosphatase, and increase infected rats’ survival rate. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of ELME was elucidated on Human Skin Fibroblast normal cells using MTT assay. ELME had an IC50 of 31.26 µg/mL. Thus, we can conclude that ELME might be a promising future source for antifungal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghada Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (M.E.-A.); (G.A.)
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rania Ibrahim Yassien
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Amal Abo Kamer
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Repurposing dyphylline as a pan-coronavirus antiviral therapy. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:685-699. [PMID: 35387498 PMCID: PMC9048854 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the last two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of zoonotic corona viruses (CoVs), which cause mild to severe respiratory diseases in humans. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), mainly from the alpha-CoV and beta-CoV genera, have evolved to be highly pathogenic, such as SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic. These coronaviruses carry functional enzymes necessary for the virus life cycle, which represent attractive antiviral targets. Methods & Results: We aimed to therapeutically target the main protease (Mpro) of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E (from alpha-CoV genus) and HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 (from beta-CoV genus). Through virtual screening, we identified an FDA-approved drug dyphylline, a xanthine derivate, that binds to the catalytic dyad residues; histidine and cystine of the Mpro structures. Importantly, dyphylline dose-dependently inhibited the viral replication in cell culture models infected with the viruses. Conclusion: Our findings support the repurposing of dyphylline as a pan-coronavirus antiviral agent.
Collapse
|
45
|
Firoz A, Talwar P. COVID-19 and Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Promising link “Kaempferol”. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102231. [PMID: 35544976 PMCID: PMC9080119 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has caused unprecedented global disruption since 2020. Approximately 238 million people are affected worldwide where the elderly succumb to mortality. Post-COVID syndrome and its side effects have popped up with several health hazards, such as macular degeneration and vision loss. It thus necessitates better medical care and management of our dietary practices. Natural flavonoids have been included in traditional medicine and have also been used safely against COVID-19 and several other diseases. Kaempferol is an essential flavonoid that has been demonstrated to influence several vital cellular signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and autophagy. In this review, we emphasize the plausible regulatory effects of Kaempferol on hallmarks of COVID-19 and macular degeneration.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (Rosa damascena Mill var. trigentipetala) Waste Methanolic Extract and Its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects against Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2)-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Potential Anticancer Activities against Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2). CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Taif rose (Rosa damascena Mill) is one of the most important economic products of the Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a common environmental pollutant that is widely used in industries and essentially induces many toxicities, including hepatotoxicity. In this study, the major compounds in the waste of Taif rose extract (WTR) were identified and chemically and biologically evaluated. GC–MS analysis of WTR indicated the presence of many saturated fatty acids, vitamin E, triterpene, dicarboxylic acid, terpene, linoleic acid, diterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoids, phenylpyrazoles, and calcifediol (vitamin D derivative). The assessment of potential anticancer activity against HepG2 cells proved that WTR had a high cell killing effect with IC50 of 100–150 µg/mL. In addition, WTR successfully induced high cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, S, and G2 phases, significant apoptosis, necrosis, and increased autophagic cell death response in the HepG2 line. For the evaluation of its anti-CdCl2 toxicity, 32 male rats were allocated to four groups: control, CdCl2, WTR, and CdCl2 plus WTR. Hepatic functions and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GRx, GPx, and MDA) were examined. Histological changes and TEM variations in the liver were also investigated to indicate liver status. The results proved that WTR alleviated CdCl2 hepatotoxicity by improving all hepatic vitality markers. In conclusion, WTR could be used as a preventive and therapeutic natural agent for the inhibition of hepatic diseases and the improvement of redox status. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
47
|
Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases and RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase, major enzymes which are essential targets involved in the life and replication of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims at in silico examination of the potential ability of coumarins and their derivatives to inhibit the replication of SARS-Cov-2 through multiple targets, including the main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase. Several coumarins as biologically active compounds were studied, including coumarin antibiotics and some naturally reported antiviral coumarins. Aminocoumarin antibiotics, especially coumermycin, showed a high potential to bind to the enzymes’ active site, causing possible inhibition and termination of viral life. They demonstrate the ability to bind to residues essential for triggering the crucial cascades within the viral cell. Molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ns supported these data pointing out the formation of rigid, stable Coumermycin/enzyme complexes. These findings strongly suggest the possible use of Coumermycin, Clorobiocin or Novobiocin in the fight against COVID-19, but biological evidence is still required to support such suggestions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Siddiqui S, Ahmad R, Alaidarous M, Zia Q, Ahmad Mir S, Alshehri B, Srivastava A, Trivedi A. Phytoconstituents from Moringa oleifera fruits target ACE2 and open spike glycoprotein to combat SARS-CoV-2: An integrative phytochemical and computational approach. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14062. [PMID: 35043973 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs based on natural products for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 are currently unavailable. This study was conducted to develop an anti-SARS-CoV-2 herbal medicine to face the urgent need for COVID-19 treatment. The bioactive components from ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera fruits (MOFs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Molecular-docking analyses elucidated the binding effects of identified phytocomponents against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) and human ACE2 receptor (PDB ID: 1R42) through the Glide module of Maestro software. GC-MS analysis unveiled the presence of 33 phytocomponents. Eighteen phytocomponents exhibited good binding affinity toward ACE2 receptor, and thirteen phytocomponents had a high affinity with spike glycoprotein. This finding suggests that the top 11 hits (Docking score ≥ -3.0 kcal/mol) could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Intriguingly, most of the phytoconstituents displayed drug-likeness with no predicted toxicity. However, further studies are needed to validate their effects and mechanisms of action. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Moringa oleifera (MO) also called "drumstick tree" has been used as an alternative food source to combat malnutrition and may act as an immune booster. GC-MS analysis unveiled that ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera fruits (MOFs) possessed 33 active components of pyridine, aromatic fatty acid, oleic acid, tocopherol, methyl ester, diterpene alcohol, triterpene and fatty acid ester and their derivatives, which have various pharmacological and medicinal values. Virtual screening study of phytocomponents of MOF with human ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein exhibited good binding affinity. Based on molecular docking, the top 11 hits (Docking score ≥-3.0 kcal/mol) might serve as potential lead molecules in antiviral drug development. Intriguingly, most of the phytoconstituents displayed drug-likeness with no predicted toxicity. Thus, MOF might be used as a valuable source for antiviral drug development to combat COVID-19, an ongoing pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar Zia
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anchal Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
|
50
|
Snoussi M, Ahmad I, Patel H, Noumi E, Zrieq R, Saeed M, Sulaiman S, Khalifa N, Chabchoub F, De Feo V, M. Gad-Elkareem M, Aouadi K, Kadri A. Lapachol and ( α/ β)-lapachone as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and hACE-2: ADME properties, docking and dynamic simulation approaches. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_251_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
|