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Liu H, Zhuang L, Zeng Q. Complete genome sequence data of Pseudomonas nitroreducens L4, an endophyte isolated from cotton plants. Data Brief 2024; 55:110639. [PMID: 39022698 PMCID: PMC11252606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas nitroreducens L4 was isolated from the interior of cotton plants, which showed strong biocontrol activity against Verticillium dahlia and other fungal pathogens. To elucidate the biocontrol mechanism, the genome sequence of L4 was sequenced using the Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platform. The assembled genome of L4 consisted of a single circular chromosome was 6,229,472 bp, with an average GC content of 64.95 %, 5,629 protein-coding genes, 72 tRNA, 16 rRNA and 1 tm RNA. Six secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters are identified in the genome. The genome sequence provided a theoretical basis for analyzing the biocontrol mechanism of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lubo Zhuang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingchao Zeng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Mian G, Belfiore N, Marcuzzo P, Spinelli F, Tomasi D, Colautti A. Counteracting Grey Mould ( Botrytis cinerea) in Grapevine 'Glera' Using Three Putative Biological Control Agent Strains ( Paraburkholderia sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Acinetobacter sp.): Impact on Symptoms, Yield, and Gene Expression. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1515. [PMID: 39203358 PMCID: PMC11356063 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the potential use of three bacterial strains-Paraburkholderia sp. strain CRV74, Pseudomonas sp. strain CRV21, and Acinetobacter sp. strain CRV19-as biocontrol agents of Botrytis cinerea in grapevine. These strains were selected for their ability to inhibit B. cinerea growth in vitro and used in field conditions for the control of grey mould symptoms in 'Glera' grapes. To this end, after inoculating these microorganisms onto plants sprayed with B. cinerea spores, the final yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the must, disease incidence, and the possible influence on the expression of plant-defence proteins were evaluated. Strain CRV21 resulted as being the most effective in combating grey mould (-20% of disease incidence). Although yield was not affected, significantly different values of total soluble solids content was observed. Additionally, a significant up-regulation of the genes PR-1, PR-5, β-1,3-glucanase, and class III chitinase was observed. These findings highlight the potential application of strains with anti-botrytis activity as sustainable alternatives to chemical defence for the control of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mian
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Nicola Belfiore
- Council for Agricultural and Economics-Research-Centre for Viticulture and Oenology, Viale Aprile, 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy; (N.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrick Marcuzzo
- Council for Agricultural and Economics-Research-Centre for Viticulture and Oenology, Viale Aprile, 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy; (N.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Diego Tomasi
- Consorzio Tutela del Vino Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco, Piazza Libertà, 7, 31053 Pieve di Soligo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Colautti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Cardoni M, Mercado-Blanco J. Confronting stresses affecting olive cultivation from the holobiont perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261754. [PMID: 38023867 PMCID: PMC10661416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The holobiont concept has revolutionized our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes and their significance for the development, fitness, growth and resilience of their host plants. The olive tree holds an iconic status within the Mediterranean Basin. Innovative changes introduced in olive cropping systems, driven by the increasing demand of its derived products, are not only modifying the traditional landscape of this relevant commodity but may also imply that either traditional or emerging stresses can affect it in ways yet to be thoroughly investigated. Incomplete information is currently available about the impact of abiotic and biotic pressures on the olive holobiont, what includes the specific features of its associated microbiome in relation to the host's structural, chemical, genetic and physiological traits. This comprehensive review consolidates the existing knowledge about stress factors affecting olive cultivation and compiles the information available of the microbiota associated with different olive tissues and organs. We aim to offer, based on the existing evidence, an insightful perspective of diverse stressing factors that may disturb the structure, composition and network interactions of the olive-associated microbial communities, underscoring the importance to adopt a more holistic methodology. The identification of knowledge gaps emphasizes the need for multilevel research approaches and to consider the holobiont conceptual framework in future investigations. By doing so, more powerful tools to promote olive's health, productivity and resilience can be envisaged. These tools may assist in the designing of more sustainable agronomic practices and novel breeding strategies to effectively face evolving environmental challenges and the growing demand of high quality food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Sallam NMA, AbdElfatah HAS, Khalil Bagy HMM, Elfarash A, Abo-Elyousr KAM, Sikora EJ, Sallam A. Exploring the mechanisms of endophytic bacteria for suppressing early blight disease in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184343. [PMID: 37808317 PMCID: PMC10551630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling early blight of tomatoes using endophytic bacteria is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to manage this common fungal disease caused by Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata. Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that live inside plant tissues without causing harm and can help protect the host plant from pathogens. In this work, twenty endophytic bacterial isolates from tomato healthy plants were tested against pathogenic fungal isolates that caused early blight disease in vitro. Out of the 20 tested isolates, three (B4, B7, and B17) were considered effective isolates against the growth of fungal pathogens. The three isolates were recognized as Enterobacter cloacae HS-6 (B4), Pseudomonas gessardii HS-5 (B 7), and Pseudomonas mediterranea HS-4 (B17) using 16s-rDNA sequencing. Different concentrations of bacterial cultural diltrates at 20, 40, and 60% were tested for their antagonistic effects on the development of pathogenic fungi in vitro. The lowest dry weights of pathogenic isolates in all bacterial culture filtrates were discovered at 60%. In all culture filtrates, phenolic compounds showed the largest peak area. Under greenhouse conditions, the least disease severity of tomato early blight was found for E. cloacae and its culture filtrate compared to other treatments. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression pattern of the defense response gene β-1.3 glucanase gene in infected tomato plants with pathogenic fungi (control) as well as its relations with efficient biocontrol agent (E. cloacae). The expression of the gene increased substantially and significantly after three days from the inoculation-infected plants with C. lunata and E. cloacae while it reached the maximum after five days from the inoculation with A. alternata, A. solani and E. cloacae. Our study concluded that the endophytic bacterial isolate E. cloacae can be considered a promising biocontrol agent for preventing tomato early blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M. A. Sallam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ameer Elfarash
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward J. Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Mendes LW, Raaijmakers JM, de Hollander M, Sepo E, Gómez Expósito R, Chiorato AF, Mendes R, Tsai SM, Carrión VJ. Impact of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the common bean root microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37537681 PMCID: PMC10401788 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants rely on their root microbiome as the first line of defense against soil-borne fungal pathogens. The abundance and activities of beneficial root microbial taxa at the time prior to and during fungal infection are key to their protective success. If and how invading fungal root pathogens can disrupt microbiome assembly and gene expression is still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (fox) on the assembly of rhizosphere and endosphere microbiomes of a fox-susceptible and fox-resistant common bean cultivar. RESULTS Integration of 16S-amplicon, shotgun metagenome as well as metatranscriptome sequencing with community ecology analysis showed that fox infections significantly changed the composition and gene expression of the root microbiome in a cultivar-dependent manner. More specifically, fox infection led to increased microbial diversity, network complexity, and a higher proportion of the genera Flavobacterium, Bacillus, and Dyadobacter in the rhizosphere of the fox-resistant cultivar compared to the fox-susceptible cultivar. In the endosphere, root infection also led to changes in community assembly, with a higher abundance of the genera Sinorhizobium and Ensifer in the fox-resistant cultivar. Metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses further revealed the enrichment of terpene biosynthesis genes with a potential role in pathogen suppression in the fox-resistant cultivar upon fungal pathogen invasion. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results revealed a cultivar-dependent enrichment of specific bacterial genera and the activation of putative disease-suppressive functions in the rhizosphere and endosphere microbiome of common bean under siege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of Sao Paulo USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
- Departament of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Departament of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mattias de Hollander
- Departament of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Edis Sepo
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Gómez Expósito
- Departament of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Alisson Fernando Chiorato
- Centro de Análises e Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio dos Grãos e Fibras, Instituto Agronômico IAC, Campinas, 130001-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariuna, 18020-000, Brazil
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of Sao Paulo USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Victor J Carrión
- Departament of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Cardoni M, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Co-occurrence network analysis unveils the actual differential impact on the olive root microbiota by two Verticillium wilt biocontrol rhizobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36949520 PMCID: PMC10035242 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb, is one of the most threatening diseases affecting olive cultivation. An integrated disease management strategy is recommended for the effective control of VWO. Within this framework, the use of biological control agents (BCAs) is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. No studies are available on the impact that the introduction of BCAs has on the resident microbiota of olive roots. Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 and Paenibacillus polymyxa PIC73 are two BCAs effective against VWO. We examined the effects of the introduction of these BCAs on the structure, composition and co-occurrence networks of the olive (cv. Picual) root-associated microbial communities. The consequences of the subsequent inoculation with V. dahliae on BCA-treated plants were also assessed. RESULTS Inoculation with any of the BCAs did not produce significant changes in the structure or the taxonomic composition of the 'Picual' root-associated microbiota. However, significant and distinctive alterations were observed in the topologies of the co-occurrence networks. The introduction of PIC73 provoked a diminution of positive interactions within the 'Picual' microbial community; instead, PICF7 inoculation increased the microbiota's compartmentalization. Upon pathogen inoculation, the network of PIC73-treated plants decreased the number of interactions and showed a switch of keystone species, including taxa belonging to minor abundant phyla (Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes). Conversely, the inoculation of V. dahliae in PICF7-treated plants significantly increased the complexity of the network and the number of links among their modules, suggestive of a more stable network. No changes in their keystone taxa were detected. CONCLUSION The absence of significant modifications on the structure and composition of the 'Picual' belowground microbiota due to the introduction of the tested BCAs underlines the low/null environmental impact of these rhizobacteria. These findings may have important practical consequences regarding future field applications of these BCAs. Furthermore, each BCA altered the interactions among the components of the olive belowground microbiota in idiosyncratic ways (i.e. PIC73 strongly modified the number of positive relations in the 'Picual' microbiota whereas PICF7 mostly affected the network stability). These modifications may provide clues on the biocontrol strategies used by these BCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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Singh RR, Wesemael WML. Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa LMG27872 inhibits Meloidogyne incognita parasitism, promoting tomato growth through a dose-dependent effect. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961085. [PMID: 36186028 PMCID: PMC9516289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a major pest in tomato production. Paenibacillus polymyxa, which is primarily found in soil and colonizing roots, is considered a successful biocontrol organism against many pathogens. To evaluate the biocontrol capacity of P. polymyxa LMG27872 against M. incognita in tomato, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A dose-response effect [30, 50, and 100% (108 CFU/mL)] of bacterial suspensions (BSs) on growth and tomato susceptibility to M. incognita with soil drenching as a mode of application was first evaluated. The results show that the biological efficacy of P. polymyxa LMG27872 against M. incognita parasitism in tomato was dose-dependent. A significantly reduced number of galls, egg-laying females (ELF), and second-stage juveniles (J2) were observed in BS-treated plants, in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of P. polymyxa on tomato growth was also dose-dependent. A high dose of BSs had a negative effect on growth; however, this negative effect was not observed when the BS-treated plants were challenged with M. incognita, indicating tolerance or a defense priming mechanism. In subsequent in vivo experiments, the direct effect of BSs was evaluated on J2 mortality and egg hatching of M. incognita. The effect of BS on J2 mortality was observed from 12 to 24 h, whereby M. incognita J2 was significantly inhibited by the BS treatment. The effect of P. polymyxa on M. incognita egg hatching was also dependent on the BS dose. The results show a potential of P. polymyxa LMG27872 to protect plants from nematode parasitism and its implementation in integrated nematode management suitable for organic productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim M. L. Wesemael
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
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Bonaterra A, Badosa E, Daranas N, Francés J, Roselló G, Montesinos E. Bacteria as Biological Control Agents of Plant Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091759. [PMID: 36144361 PMCID: PMC9502092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control is an effective and sustainable alternative or complement to conventional pesticides for fungal and bacterial plant disease management. Some of the most intensively studied biological control agents are bacteria that can use multiple mechanisms implicated in the limitation of plant disease development, and several bacterial-based products have been already registered and marketed as biopesticides. However, efforts are still required to increase the commercially available microbial biopesticides. The inconsistency in the performance of bacterial biocontrol agents in the biological control has limited their extensive use in commercial agriculture. Pathosystem factors and environmental conditions have been shown to be key factors involved in the final levels of disease control achieved by bacteria. Several biotic and abiotic factors can influence the performance of the biocontrol agents, affecting their mechanisms of action or the multitrophic interaction between the plant, the pathogen, and the bacteria. This review shows some relevant examples of known bacterial biocontrol agents, with especial emphasis on research carried out by Spanish groups. In addition, the importance of the screening process and of the key steps in the development of bacterial biocontrol agents is highlighted. Besides, some improvement approaches and future trends are considered.
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Zeng Q, Man X, Dai Y, Liu H. Pseudomonas spp. Enriched in Endophytic Community of Healthy Cotton Plants Inhibit Cotton Verticillium Wilt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906732. [PMID: 35923406 PMCID: PMC9339998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome plays a fundamental role in plant growth and health. However, detailed information regarding the plant endophytic microbiome during the infection period of a pathogen is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the microbial community of healthy and diseased cotton plants and the root exudate profiles of susceptible and resistant cultivars utilizing high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics. The results showed that the pathogen infection reduced bacterial diversity and significantly affected the bacterial community composition. The microbiome assembly is shaped predominantly by cultivars. The endophytic microbiome of the infected plants showed greater complexity than the healthy plants in network analysis. The results displayed that a total of 76 compounds were significantly different in the two groups, with 18 compounds showing a higher relative abundance in the resistant cultivars and 58 compounds in the susceptible cultivars. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids were prominently altered. We also demonstrate that plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. strains showed increased resistance to the cotton Verticillium wilt compared with the control plants in pot experiments. Overall, it showed that the pathogen infection affected the community composition, and healthy plants displayed an enriched beneficial microbiome to combat the plant disease. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the endophytic microbiome assembly under the pathogen infection and develop microbiome-based solutions for sustainable crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowu Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi, China
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Elsharkawy MM, Sakran RM, Ahmad AA, Behiry SI, Abdelkhalek A, Hassan MM, Khedr AA. Induction of Systemic Resistance against Sheath Blight in Rice by Different Pseudomonas Isolates. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030349. [PMID: 35330100 PMCID: PMC8949337 DOI: 10.3390/life12030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheath blight disease is a fungal pathogen that causes leaf blight in rice plants, resulting in significant yield losses throughout the growing season. Pseudomonas spp. have long been used as biocontrol agents for a variety of plant diseases. Four Pseudomonas isolates were tested for their ability to promote rice growth and generate systemic resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal pathogen of sheath blight disease. In vitro, Pseudomonas isolates produced the growth hormone indole acetic acid (0.82–1.82 mg L−1). Additionally, seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida suspension outperformed P. brassicacearum, P. aeruginosa and P. resinovorans in terms of germination and vigor evaluation. The maximum seed germination of 89% was recorded after seed treatments with a fresh suspension of P. putida, followed by 87% germination in P. aeruginosa treatment, compared with only 74% germination in the untreated controls. When compared with the infected control plants, all Pseudomonas isolates were non-pathogenic to rice and their co-inoculation considerably enhanced plant growth and health by reducing the disease index to 37% and improving plant height (26%), fresh weight (140%) and dry weight (100%). All Pseudomonas isolates effectively reduced sheath blight disease incidence, as well as the fungicide carbendazim, which is recommended for field management of R. solani. In comparison to untreated control seedlings, treatment with Pseudomonas isolates enhanced the production of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and NPR1 genes, which could be involved in disease incidence reduction. In conclusion, the use of Pseudomonas spp. has been demonstrated to improve rice growth and resistance to R. solani while also providing an environmentally acceptable option to the agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Raghda M. Sakran
- Rice Research Department, Field Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Ahmed Khedr
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
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Santra HK, Maity S, Banerjee D. Production of Bioactive Compounds with Broad Spectrum Bactericidal Action, Bio-Film Inhibition and Antilarval Potential by the Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Cochliobolus sp. APS1 Isolated from the Indian Medicinal Herb Andrographis paniculata. Molecules 2022; 27:1459. [PMID: 35268559 PMCID: PMC8912084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, being the co-evolution partners of green host plants, are factories of pharmaceutically valuable novel natural products. Cochliobolus sp. APS1, an endophyte of Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta), produces a plethora of natural bioactive compounds and the multipotent alkaloid Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, is the prime one among them. The isolate exhibited antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antilarval potency. The MIC and MBC values of the ethyl-acetate culture extract ranged from 15.62 to 250 µg/mL against ten pathogenic microorganisms (including MRSA and VRSA). Killing kinetics data along with the leakage of macromolecules into the extracellular environment supports the cidal activity of the antibacterial principles. The broad spectrum antibacterial activity of Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, was optimized by a one-variable-at-a-time system coupled with response surface methodology, which led to a 45% enhancement of the antibacterial activity. The maximum response (22.81 ± 0.16 mm of zone of inhibition against MRSA) was marked in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 90 mL potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/L) glucose, 9.7; urea concentration, 0.74; with medium pH 6.48; after 8.76 days of incubation at 26 °C. APS1 strongly inhibited biofilm formation in the tested pathogenic microorganisms and acts as a larvicidal agent against the Dengue-vector Aedes aegypti. This is probably the first report of Aziridine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-, from any endophytic source. Cochliobolus sp. APS1 possesses industrial importance for the production of bioactive alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India; (H.K.S.); (S.M.)
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Wentzien NM, Zorrilla-Fontanesi Y, Valverde-Corredor A, Fernández-González AJ, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Impacts of the Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 on the Banana Holobiont: Alteration of Root Microbial Co-occurrence Networks and Effect on Host Defense Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809126. [PMID: 35242117 PMCID: PMC8885582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the versatile biocontrol and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 on the banana holobiont under controlled conditions was investigated. We examine the fate of this biological control agent (BCA) upon introduction in the soil, the effect on the banana root microbiota, and the influence on specific host genetic defense responses. While the presence of strain PICF7 significantly altered neither the composition nor the structure of the root microbiota, a significant shift in microbial community interactions through co-occurrence network analysis was observed. Despite the fact that PICF7 did not constitute a keystone, the topology of this network was significantly modified-the BCA being identified as a constituent of one of the main network modules in bacterized plants. Gene expression analysis showed the early suppression of several systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance (ISR) markers. This outcome occurred at the time in which the highest relative abundance of PICF7 was detected. The absence of major and permanent changes on the banana holobiont upon PICF7 introduction poses advantages regarding the use of this beneficial rhizobacteria under field conditions. Indeed a BCA able to control the target pathogen while altering as little as possible the natural host-associated microbiome should be a requisite when developing effective bio-inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nuria M. Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
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Montes-Osuna N, Cernava T, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Berg G, Mercado-Blanco J. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:318. [PMID: 35161300 PMCID: PMC8840531 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising strategy of plant-beneficial bacteria to control soil-borne phytopathogens. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 and Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 are two indigenous inhabitants of olive roots displaying effective biological control against Verticillium dahliae. Additionally, strain PICF7 is able to promote the growth of barley and Arabidopsis thaliana, VOCs being involved in the growth of the latter species. In this study, the antagonistic capacity of these endophytic bacteria against relevant phytopathogens (Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) was assessed. Under in vitro conditions, PICF6 and PICF7 were only able to antagonize representative isolates of V. dahliae and V. longisporum. Remarkably, both strains produced an impressive portfolio of up to twenty VOCs, that included compounds with reported antifungal (e.g., 1-undecene, (methyldisulfanyl) methane and 1-decene) or plant growth promoting (e.g., tridecane, 1-decene) activities. Moreover, their volatilomes differed strongly in the absence and presence of V. dahliae. For example, when co incubated with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae, the antifungal compound 4-methyl-2,6-bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenol was produced. Results suggest that volatiles emitted by these endophytes may differ in their modes of action, and that potential benefits for the host needs further investigation in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
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Natural Plant Extracts and Microbial Antagonists to Control Fungal Pathogens and Improve the Productivity of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) In Vitro and in Greenhouse. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists have the potential for use in increasing the fungal resistance and productivity of horticulture plants. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of both natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists as a biotical control of some fungal pathogens, i.e., Fusarium ssp., Exserohilum ssp. and Nigrospora ssp., along with improving the growth and productivity performance of zucchini under greenhouse conditions. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE), and two microbial antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens (accession no. MW647093) and Trichoderma viride (accession no. MW647090) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Through morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, Fusarium solani (accession no. MW947256), F. oxysporum (accession no. MW947254), Exserohilum rostratum (accession no. MW947255), and Nigrospora lacticolonia (accession no. MW947253) were identified. HPLC analysis was used for the identification of phenolic compounds (PCs) and flavonoid compounds (FCs) in the extracts. Results: The highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG) against F. oxysporum was obtained with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L); F. solani with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and C. sinensis LE (4000 mg/L); Exserohilum rostratum with P. fluorescens, Ficus benghalensis FE (4000 mg/L) and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L), and N. lacticolonia with P. fluorescens. Using HPLC analysis, the abundant PCs in E. camaldulensis LE were pyrogallol, and caffeic acid, those in C. sinensis LE were syringic acid and ferulic acid, and those in F. benghalensis FE were gallic acid and syringic acid. In addition, the abundant FCs in E. camaldulensis LE were kaempferol, and naringin, those in C. sinensis LE were hesperidin and quercetin, and those in F. benghalensis FE were kaempferol and quercetin. Under greenhouse experiments, T. viride and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L) followed by P. fluorescens + T. viride treatments gave the best results of zucchini plants in terms of leaf area, fruits number per plant, yield per plant, and total yield (marketable and non-marketable). Conclusions: Plant extracts and bioagents can be used to control some zucchini fungal pathogens and increase the productivity performance of zucchini plants.
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Padder SA, Mansoor S, Bhat SA, Baba TR, Rather RA, Wani SM, Popescu SM, Sofi S, Aziz MA, Hefft DI, Alzahrani OM, Noureldeen A, Darwish H. Bacterial Endophyte Community Dynamics in Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) Germplasm and Their Evaluation for Scab Management Strategies. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110923. [PMID: 34829212 PMCID: PMC8623955 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The large genetic evolution due to the sexual reproduction-mediated gene assortments and propensities has made Venturia inaequalis (causing apple scab) unique with respect to its management strategies. The resistance in apple germplasm against the scab, being controlled for by more than fifteen genes, has limited gene alteration-based investigations. Therefore, a biological approach of bacterial endophyte community dynamics was envisioned across the apple germplasm in context to the fungistatic behavior against V. inaequalis. A total of 155 colonies of bacterial endophytes were isolated from various plant parts of the apple, comprising 19 varieties, and after screening for antifungal behavior followed by morphological, ARDRA, and sequence analysis, a total of 71 isolates were selected for this study. The alpha diversity indices were seen to fluctuate greatly among the isolation samples in context to microflora with antifungal behavior. As all the isolates were screened for the presence of various metabolites and some relevant genes that directly or indirectly influence the fungistatic behavior of the isolated microflora, a huge variation among the isolated microflora was observed. The outstanding isolates showing highest percentage growth inhibition of V. inaequalis were exploited to raise a bio-formulation, which was tested against the scab prevalence in eight apple varieties under controlled growth conditions. The formulation at all the concentrations caused considerable reductions in both the disease severity and disease incidence in all the tested apple varieties. Red Delicious being most important cultivar of the northwestern Himalayas was further investigated for its biochemical behavior in formulation and the investigation revealed different levels of enzyme production, chlorophyll, and sugars against the non-inoculated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid A. Padder
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, FBSc, SKUAST-J, Jammu 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sajad A. Bhat
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Tawseef Rehman Baba
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Saima M. Wani
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, 13, A.I. Cuza, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Shakeela Sofi
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Malik Asif Aziz
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Sopore 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
| | - Othman M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Evaluation of Indigenous Olive Biocontrol Rhizobacteria as Protectants against Drought and Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061209. [PMID: 34204989 PMCID: PMC8230297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress caused by drought and salinity may compromise growth and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crops. Several studies have reported the use of beneficial rhizobacteria to alleviate symptoms produced by these stresses, which is attributed in some cases to the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACD). A collection of beneficial olive rhizobacteria was in vitro screened for ACD activity. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 displayed this phenotype and sequencing of its genome confirmed the presence of an acdS gene. In contrast, the well-known root endophyte and biocontrol agent Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 was defective in ACD activity, even though the presence of an ACD-coding gene was earlier predicted in its genome. In this study, an unidentified deaminase was confirmed instead. Greenhouse experiments with olive ‘Picual’ plants inoculated either with PICF6 or PICF7, or co-inoculated with both strains, and subjected to drought or salt stress were carried out. Several physiological and biochemical parameters increased in stressed plants (i.e., stomatal conductance and flavonoids content), regardless of whether or not they were previously bacterized. Results showed that neither PICF6 (ACD positive) nor PICF7 (ACD negative) lessened the negative effects caused by the abiotic stresses tested, at least under our experimental conditions.
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Bacterial Endophytes: The Hidden Actor in Plant Immune Responses against Biotic Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10051012. [PMID: 34069509 PMCID: PMC8161118 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes constitute an essential part of the plant microbiome and are described to promote plant health by different mechanisms. The close interaction with the host leads to important changes in the physiology of the plant. Although beneficial bacteria use the same entrance strategies as bacterial pathogens to colonize and enter the inner plant tissues, the host develops strategies to select and allow the entrance to specific genera of bacteria. In addition, endophytes may modify their own genome to adapt or avoid the defense machinery of the host. The present review gives an overview about bacterial endophytes inhabiting the phytosphere, their diversity, and the interaction with the host. Direct and indirect defenses promoted by the plant-endophyte symbiont exert an important role in controlling plant defenses against different stresses, and here, more specifically, is discussed the role against biotic stress. Defenses that should be considered are the emission of volatiles or antibiotic compounds, but also the induction of basal defenses and boosting plant immunity by priming defenses. The primed defenses may encompass pathogenesis-related protein genes (PR family), antioxidant enzymes, or changes in the secondary metabolism.
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Hyder S, Gondal AS, Rizvi ZF, Atiq R, Haider MIS, Fatima N, Inam-Ul-Haq M. Biological Control of Chili Damping-Off Disease, Caused by Pythium myriotylum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:587431. [PMID: 34054741 PMCID: PMC8155717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.587431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete that causes post-emergence damping-off in chili pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is an interesting strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to the chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test the potential to suppress the damping-off and plant growth promotion in chili. Out of a total of 28 antagonists, eight bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C, and RH-87) significantly suppressed the colony growth of P. myriotylum in a dual culture experiment. All the tested bacterial isolates were characterized for biochemical attributes, and 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates as Flavobacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas libanensis. All the tested bacterial isolates showed positive test results for ammonia production, starch hydrolase (except 4a2), and hydrogen cyanide production (except 4a2 and 1D). All the tested antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid (13.4–39.0 μg mL–1), solubilized inorganic phosphate (75–103 μg mL–1), and produced siderophores (17.1–23.7%) in vitro. All the tested bacterial isolates showed varying levels of susceptibility and resistance response against different antibiotics and all these bacterial isolates were found to be non-pathogenic to chili seeds and notably enhanced percentage seed germination, plumule, redical length, and vigor index over un-inoculated control. Additionally, under pathogen pressure, bacterization increased the defense related enzymes such as Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activates. Moreover, the treatment of chili seeds with these bacterial isolates significantly suppressed the damping-off caused by P. myriotylum and improved PGP traits compared to the control. In addition, a positive correlation was noticed between shoot, root length, and dry shoot and root weight, and there was a negative correlation between dry shoot, root weight, and seedling percentage mortality. These results showed that native PGPR possesses multiple traits beneficial to the chili plants and can be used to develop eco-friendly and effective seed treatment formulation as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nida Fatima
- Department of Soil Science and SWC, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam-Ul-Haq
- Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Fernández-González AJ, Cardoni M, Valverde-Corredor A, López-Cepero J, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. The Banana Root Endophytome: Differences between Mother Plants and Suckers and Evaluation of Selected Bacteria to Control Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030194. [PMID: 33803181 PMCID: PMC8002102 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to disentangle the structure, composition, and co-occurrence relationships of the banana (cv. Dwarf Cavendish) root endophytome comparing two phenological plant stages: mother plants and suckers. Moreover, a collection of culturable root endophytes (>1000) was also generated from Canary Islands. In vitro antagonism assays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) races STR4 and TR4 enabled the identification and characterization of potential biocontrol agents (BCA). Eventually, three of them were selected and evaluated against Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) together with the well-known BCA Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 under controlled conditions. Culturable and non-culturable (high-throughput sequencing) approaches provided concordant information and showed low microbial diversity within the banana root endosphere. Pseudomonas appeared as the dominant genus and seemed to play an important role in the banana root endophytic microbiome according to co-occurrence networks. Fungal communities were dominated by the genera Ophioceras, Cyphellophora, Plecosphaerella, and Fusarium. Overall, significant differences were found between mother plants and suckers, suggesting that the phenological stage determines the recruitment and organization of the endophytic microbiome. While selected native banana endophytes showed clear antagonism against Foc strains, their biocontrol performance against FWB did not improve the outcome observed for a non-indigenous reference BCA (strain PICF7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda, 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (M.F.-L.)
| | - Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Javier López-Cepero
- Departamento Técnico de Coplaca S.C. Organización de Productores de Plátanos, Avd. de Anaga, 11-38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda, 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (M.F.-L.)
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-499261
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Montes-Osuna N, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Valverde-Corredor A, Berendsen RL, Prieto P, Mercado-Blanco J. Assessing the Involvement of Selected Phenotypes of Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 in Olive Root Colonization and Biological Control of Verticillium dahliae. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020412. [PMID: 33672351 PMCID: PMC7926765 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 is an indigenous inhabitant of the olive (Olea europaea L.) rhizosphere/root endosphere and an effective biocontrol agent against Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae. This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of selected phenotypes of strain PICF7 in root colonization ability and VWO biocontrol. Therefore, a random transposon-insertion mutant bank of P. simiae PICF7 was screened for the loss of phenotypes likely involved in rhizosphere/soil persistence (copper resistance), root colonization (biofilm formation) and plant growth promotion (phytase activity). Transposon insertions in genes putatively coding for the transcriptional regulator CusR or the chemotaxis protein CheV were found to affect copper resistance, whereas an insertion in fleQ gene putatively encoding a flagellar regulatory protein hampered the ability to form a biofilm. However, these mutants displayed the same antagonistic effect against V. dahliae as the parental strain. Remarkably, two mutants impaired in biofilm formation were never found inside olive roots, whereas their ability to colonize the root exterior and to control VWO remained unaffected. Endophytic colonization of olive roots was unaltered in mutants impaired in copper resistance and phytase production. Results demonstrated that the phenotypes studied were irrelevant for VWO biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Roeland L. Berendsen
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Chetoui Olive Cultivar Rhizosphere: Potential Reservoir for Exoenzymes and Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizospheric soils from cultivated olive (Olea europaea) trees of Chemlali, Chetoui, Quaissi, and Djalat cultivars were assessed for their bacterial abundance and diversity and were further screened for production of exopolysaccharides and exoenzymes (cellulase, chitinase, amylase, protease, lipase, and peroxidase). The results of the present study indicate that Chetoui cultivar revealed higher diversity, followed by Chemlali > Quaissi > Djalat, wherein, bacilli, enteric bacteria, and pseudomonads were abundantly present as specific bacterial groups associated with the Chetoui rhizosphere. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria of Chetoui cultivar (68.4%) presented the highest efficiency, followed by Djalat (23.5%) > Chemlali (7 %) > Quaissi (1%). These results revealed that the Chetoui cultivar presented highest enzyme activities, followed by Chemlali > Djalat > Quaissi, with a distinct abundance of peroxidase- and chitinase-producing bacteria, which may play a pivotal role in adapting olives to the environmental stresses. From this preliminary study, we confirmed that olive rhizosphere microbial diversity is essentially driven by the geographical origin and genotype of olive cultivars. Furthermore, we recommended the Chetoui olive cultivar rhizosphere as a potential reservoir for exoenzyme- and EPS-producing bacteria useful for future biotechnological applications.
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Abdelrazek S, Choudhari S, Thimmapuram J, Simon P, Colley M, Mengiste T, Hoagland L. Changes in the core endophytic mycobiome of carrot taproots in response to crop management and genotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13685. [PMID: 32792547 PMCID: PMC7426841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes can influence production and post-harvest challenges in carrot, though the identity of these microbes as well as factors affecting their composition have not yet been determined, which prevents growers from managing these organisms to improve crop performance. Consequently, we characterized the endophytic mycobiome in the taproots of three carrot genotypes that vary in resistance to two pathogens grown in a trial comparing organic and conventional crop management using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. A total of 1,480 individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Most were consistent across samples, indicating that they are part of a core mycobiome, though crop management influenced richness and diversity, likely in response to differences in soil properties. There were also differences in individual OTUs among genotypes and the nematode resistant genotype was most responsive to management system indicating that it has greater control over its endophytic mycobiome, which could potentially play a role in resistance. Members of the Ascomycota were most dominant, though the exact function of most taxa remains unclear. Future studies aimed at overcoming difficulties associated with isolating fungal endophytes are needed to identify these microbes at the species level and elucidate their specific functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abdelrazek
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Philipp Simon
- USDA-ARS Agriculture Research Service, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lori Hoagland
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Bizos G, Papatheodorou EM, Chatzistathis T, Ntalli N, Aschonitis VG, Monokrousos N. The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree ( Olea europea L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060743. [PMID: 32545638 PMCID: PMC7356289 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic, long-living fruit tree species of profound economic and environmental importance. This study is a literature review of articles published during the last 10 years about the role of beneficial microbes [Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF), and Endophytes] on olive tree plant growth and productivity, pathogen control, and alleviation from abiotic stress. The majority of the studies examined the AMF effect using mostly Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae species. These AMF species stimulate the root growth improving the resistance of olive plants to environmental and transplantation stresses. Among the PGPR, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. and potassium- and phosphorous-solubilizing Bacillus sp. species were studied extensively. These PGPR species were combined with proper cultural practices and improved considerably olive plant’s growth. The endophytic bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp., as well as the fungal species Trichoderma sp. were identified as the most effective biocontrol agents against olive tree diseases (e.g., Verticillium wilt, root rot, and anthracnose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bizos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Efimia M. Papatheodorou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Theocharis Chatzistathis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikoletta Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Aschonitis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
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Verticillium Wilt of Olive and its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060735. [PMID: 32545292 PMCID: PMC7356185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree's health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive-V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host-pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of "-omics" approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.
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Abdelrazek S, Simon P, Colley M, Mengiste T, Hoagland L. Crop management system and carrot genotype affect endophyte composition and Alternaria dauci suppression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233783. [PMID: 32497087 PMCID: PMC7272071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing pests in carrot production is challenging. Endophytic microbes have been demonstrated to improve the health and productivity of many crops, but factors affecting endophyte dynamics in carrot is still not well understood. The goal of this study was to determine how crop management system and carrot genotype interact to affect the composition and potential of endophytes to mitigate disease caused by Alternaria dauci, an important carrot pathogen. Twenty-eight unique isolates were collected from the taproots of nine diverse genotypes of carrot grown in a long-term trial comparing organic and conventional management. Antagonistic activity was quantified using an in vitro assay, and potential for individual isolates to mitigate disease was evaluated in greenhouse trials using two carrot cultivars. Results confirm that carrot taproots are colonized by an abundant and diverse assortment of bacteria and fungi representing at least distinct 13 genera. Soils in the organic system had greater total organic matter, microbial biomass and activity than the conventional system and endophyte composition in taproots grown in this system were more abundant and diverse, and had greater antagonistic activity. Carrot genotype also affected endophyte abundance as well as potential for individual isolates to affect seed germination, seedling growth and tolerance to A. dauci. The benefits of endophytes on carrot growth were greatest when plants were subject to A. dauci stress, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions in the functional role of endophytes. Results of this study provide evidence that endophytes can play an important role in improving carrot performance and mediating resistance to A. dauci, and it may someday be possible to select for these beneficial plant-microbial relationships in carrot breeding programs. Implementing soil-building practices commonly used in organic farming systems has potential to promote these beneficial relationships and improve the health and productivity of carrot crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abdelrazek
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United State of America
| | - Philipp Simon
- USDA-ARS Agriculture Research Service, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Micaela Colley
- Organic Seed Alliance, Port Townsend, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lori Hoagland
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu JX, Li ZY, Lv X, Yan H, Zhou GY, Cao LX, Yang Q, He YH. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis strain 1-L-29, an endophytic bacteria from Camellia oleifera with antimicrobial activity and efficient plant-root colonization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232096. [PMID: 32339210 PMCID: PMC7185607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, which are common in plant tissues, may help to control plant pathogens and enhance plant growth. Camellia oleifera, an oil-producing plant, is widely grown in warm, subtropical, hilly regions in China. However, C. oleifera is strongly negatively affected by C. oleifera anthracnose, which is caused by Colletetrichum fructicola. To find a suitable biocontrol agent for C. oleifera anthracnose, 41 endophytes were isolated from the stems, leaves, and roots of C. oleifera. Bacterial cultures were identified based on analyses of 16S rDNA sequences; most strains belonged to the genus Bacillus. The antagonistic effects of these strains on C. fructicola were tested in vitro. In total, 16 strains inhibited C. fructicola growth, with B. subtilis strain 1-L-29 being the most efficient. Strain 1-L-29 demonstrated antagonistic activity against C. siamense, C. asianum, Fusarium proliferatum, Agaricodochium camellia, and Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, this strain produced indole acetic acid, solubilized phosphate, grew on N-free media, and produced siderophores. To facilitate further microecological studies of this strain, a rifampicin-resistant, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled strain, 1-L-29gfpr, was created using protoplast transformation. This plasmid had good segregational stability. Strain 1-L-29gfpr was re-introduced into C. oleifera and successfully colonized root, stem, and leaf tissues. This strain remained at a stable concentration in the root more than 20 d after inoculation. Fluorescence microscopic analysis showed that strain 1-L-29gfpr thoroughly colonized the root surfaces of C. fructicola as well as the root vascular tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Xu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Yang Li
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Lv
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Yan
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Ying Zhou
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Xue Cao
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Hao He
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Niem JM, Billones-Baaijens R, Stodart B, Savocchia S. Diversity Profiling of Grapevine Microbial Endosphere and Antagonistic Potential of Endophytic Pseudomonas Against Grapevine Trunk Diseases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:477. [PMID: 32273871 PMCID: PMC7113392 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a serious problem of grapevines worldwide. The microbiota of the grapevine endosphere comprises prokaryotic and eukaryotic endophytes, which may form varied relationships with the host plant from symbiotic to pathogenic. To explore the interaction between grapevine endophytic bacteria and GTDs, the endomicrobiome associated with grapevine wood was characterized using next-generation Illumina sequencing. Wood samples were collected from grapevine trunks with and without external symptoms of GTD (cankers) from two vineyards in the Hunter Valley and Hilltops, NSW, Australia and metagenomic characterization of the endophytic community was conducted using the 16S rRNA gene (341F/806R) and ITS (1F/2R) sequences. Among the important GTD pathogens, Phaeomoniella, Phaeoacremonium, Diplodia and Cryptovalsa species were found to be abundant in both symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines from both vineyards. Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum, two important GTD pathogens, were detected in low numbers in Hilltops and the Hunter Valley, respectively. Interestingly, Pseudomonas dominated the bacterial community in canker-free grapevine tissues in both locations, comprising 56-74% of the total bacterial population. In contrast, the Pseudomonas population in grapevines with cankers was significantly lower, representing 29 and 2% of the bacterial community in Hilltops and the Hunter Valley, respectively. The presence of Pseudomonas in healthy grapevine tissues indicates its ability to colonize and survive in the grapevine. The potential of Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents against GTD pathogens was also explored. Dual culture tests with isolated fluorescent Pseudomonas against mycelial discs of nine Botryosphaeria dieback, three Eutypa dieback, and two Esca/Petri disease pathogens, revealed antagonistic activity for 10 Pseudomonas strains. These results suggest the potential of Pseudomonas species from grapevine wood to be used as biocontrol agents to manage certain GTD pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Millera Niem
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Stodart
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Savocchia
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Root-Associated Endophytic Bacterial Community Composition of Pennisetum sinese from Four Representative Provinces in China. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020047. [PMID: 30754647 PMCID: PMC6406789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pennisetum sinese, a source of bio-energy with high biomass production, is a species that contains high crude protein and will be useful for solving the shortage of forage grass after the implementation of “Green for Grain” project in the Loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi in 1999. Plants may receive benefits from endophytic bacteria, such as the enhancement of plant growth or the reduction of plant stress. However, the composition of the endophytic bacterial community associated with the roots of P. sinese is poorly elucidated. In this study, P. sinese from five different samples (Shaanxi province, SX; Fujian province, FJ; the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous prefecture, XJ and Inner Mongolia, including sand (NS) and saline-alkali land (NY), China) were investigated by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable region of endophytic bacteria. A total of 313,044 effective sequences were obtained by sequencing five different samples, and 957 effective operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were yielded at 97% identity. The phylum Proteobacteria, the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, and the genera Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Arthrobacter, Psychrobacter, and Neokomagataea were significantly dominant in the five samples. In addition, our results demonstrated that the Shaanxi province (SX) sample had the highest Shannon index values (3.795). We found that the SX (308.097) and NS (126.240) samples had the highest and lowest Chao1 richness estimator (Chao1) values, respectively. Venn graphs indicated that the five samples shared 39 common OTUs. Moreover, according to results of the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), soil total carbon, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and pH were the major contributing factors to the difference in the overall composition of the bacteria community in this study. Our data provide insights into the endophytic bacteria community composition and structure of roots associated with P. sinese. These results might be useful for growth promotion in different samples, and some of the strains may have the potential to improve plant production in future studies.
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Dall’Asta P, Velho AC, Pereira TP, Stadnik MJ, Arisi ACM. Herbaspirillum seropedicae promotes maize growth but fails to control the maize leaf anthracnose. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:167-176. [PMID: 30804639 PMCID: PMC6352535 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium and a plant growth promoting bacteria. Colletotrichum graminicola causes the anthracnose, one of the most destructive maize diseases worldwide. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of H. seropedicae SmR1 strain on the plant growth and leaf anthracnose of maize plants grown in substrate amended or not amended with humic substances. In the first assay, plants were pre-treated with H. seropedicae and inoculated with C. graminicola at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment (DAT). In the second assay, plants were treated with H. seropedicae, grown in substrate amended with humic substances and inoculated at 3 and 7 DAT. The anthracnose severity was assessed by measurement of necrotic and chlorotic leaf area, and bacteria were quantified in leaves by quantitative PCR. H. seropedicae did not affect the disease severity in maize leaves, although it efficiently colonized the leaf tissues and it promoted maize leaf growth. Humic substances improved H. seropedicae colonization in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Dall’Asta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Phytotechny, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Tomás Pellizzaro Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Marciel João Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Phytotechny, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Maisonnave Arisi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
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Exploitation of new endophytic bacteria and their ability to promote sugarcane growth and nitrogen nutrition. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:283-295. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Endophyte-Mediated Modulation of Defense-Related Genes and Systemic Resistance in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal under Alternaria alternata Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02845-17. [PMID: 29453255 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02845-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes have been explored and found to perform an important role in plant health. However, their effects on the host physiological function and disease management remain elusive. The present study aimed to assess the potential effects of endophytes, singly as well as in combination, in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, on various physiological parameters and systemic defense mechanisms against Alternaria alternata Seeds primed with the endophytic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens individually and in combination demonstrated an enhanced vigor index and germination rate. Interestingly, plants treated with the two-microbe combination showed the lowest plant mortality rate (28%) under A. alternata stress. Physiological profiling of treated plants showed improved photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and stomatal conductance under pathogenic stress. Additionally, these endophytes not only augmented defense enzymes and antioxidant activity in treated plants but also enhanced the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive genes in the stressed plants. Reductions in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) along with enhanced callose deposition in host plant leaves corroborated well with the above findings. Altogether, the study provides novel insights into the underlying mechanisms behind the tripartite interaction of endophyte-A. alternata-W. somnifera and underscores their ability to boost plant health under pathogen stress.IMPORTANCEW. somnifera is well known for producing several medicinally important secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites are required by various pharmaceutical sectors to produce life-saving drugs. However, the cultivation of W. somnifera faces severe challenge from leaf spot disease caused by A. alternata To keep pace with the rising demand for this plant and considering its capacity for cultivation under field conditions, the present study was undertaken to develop approaches to enhance production of W. somnifera through intervention using endophytes. Application of bacterial endophytes not only suppresses the pathogenicity of A. alternata but also mitigates excessive ROS/RNS generation via enhanced physiological processes and antioxidant machinery. Expression profiling of plant defense-related genes further validates the efficacy of bacterial endophytes against leaf spot disease.
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Besnard G, Terral JF, Cornille A. On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:385-403. [PMID: 29293871 PMCID: PMC5838823 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Unravelling domestication processes is crucial for understanding how species respond to anthropogenic pressures, forecasting crop responses to future global changes and improving breeding programmes. Domestication processes for clonally propagated perennials differ markedly from those for seed-propagated annual crops, mostly due to long generation times, clonal propagation and recurrent admixture with local forms, leading to a limited number of generations of selection from wild ancestors. However, additional case studies are required to document this process more fully. Scope The olive is an iconic species in Mediterranean cultural history. Its multiple uses and omnipresence in traditional agrosystems have made this species an economic pillar and cornerstone of Mediterranean agriculture. However, major questions about the domestication history of the olive remain unanswered. New paleobotanical, archeological, historical and molecular data have recently accumulated for olive, making it timely to carry out a critical re-evaluation of the biogeography of wild olives and the history of their cultivation. We review here the chronological history of wild olives and discuss the questions that remain unanswered, or even unasked, about their domestication history in the Mediterranean Basin. We argue that more detailed ecological genomics studies of wild and cultivated olives are crucial to improve our understanding of olive domestication. Multidisciplinary research integrating genomics, metagenomics and community ecology will make it possible to decipher the evolutionary ecology of one of the most iconic domesticated fruit trees worldwide. Conclusion The olive is a relevant model for improving our knowledge of domestication processes in clonally propagated perennial crops, particularly those of the Mediterranean Basin. Future studies on the ecological and genomic shifts linked to domestication in olive and its associated community will provide insight into the phenotypic and molecular bases of crop adaptation to human uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS-UPS-ENSFEA-IRD, EDB, UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex , France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA, CNRS) EVOLea, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Legarda G, Ruano-Rosa D, Pizarro-Tobías P, Valverde-Corredor A, Niqui JL, Triviño JC, Roca A, Mercado-Blanco J. Indigenous Pseudomonas spp. Strains from the Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Rhizosphere as Effective Biocontrol Agents against Verticillium dahliae: From the Host Roots to the Bacterial Genomes. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29527195 PMCID: PMC5829093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological control agents (BCA), alone or in combination with other management measures, has gained attention over the past decades, driven by the need to seek for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to confront plant pathogens. The rhizosphere of olive (Olea europaea L.) plants is a source of bacteria with potential as biocontrol tools against Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. A collection of bacterial isolates from healthy nursery-produced olive (cultivar Picual, susceptible to VWO) plants was generated based on morphological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics, chemical sensitivities, and on their in vitro antagonistic activity against several olive pathogens. Three strains (PIC25, PIC105, and PICF141) showing high in vitro inhibition ability of pathogens' growth, particularly against V. dahliae, were eventually selected. Their effectiveness against VWO caused by the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae was also demonstrated, strain PICF141 being the rhizobacteria showing the best performance as BCA. Genotypic and phenotypic traits traditionally associated with plant growth promotion and/or biocontrol abilities were evaluated as well (e.g., phytase, xylanase, catalase, cellulase, chitinase, glucanase activities, and siderophore and HCN production). Multi-locus sequence analyses of conserved genes enabled the identification of these strains as Pseudomonas spp. Strain PICF141 was affiliated to the “Pseudomonas mandelii subgroup,” within the “Pseudomonas fluorescens group,” Pseudomonas lini being the closest species. Strains PIC25 and PIC105 were affiliated to the “Pseudomonas aeruginosa group,” Pseudomonas indica being the closest relative. Moreover, we identified P. indica (PIC105) for the first time as a BCA. Genome sequencing and in silico analyses allowed the identification of traits commonly associated with plant-bacteria interactions. Finally, the root colonization ability of these olive rhizobacteria was assessed, providing valuable information for the future development of formulations based on these strains. A set of actions, from rhizosphere isolation to genome analysis, is proposed and discussed for selecting indigenous rhizobacteria as effective BCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Pizarro-Tobías
- Bio-Ilíberis Research and Development SL, Polígono Industrial Juncaril, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José L Niqui
- Bio-Ilíberis Research and Development SL, Polígono Industrial Juncaril, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan C Triviño
- Bioinformatics Department, Sistemas Genómicos S.L., Valencia, Spain
| | - Amalia Roca
- Bio-Ilíberis Research and Development SL, Polígono Industrial Juncaril, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Ceapă CD, Vázquez-Hernández M, Rodríguez-Luna SD, Cruz Vázquez AP, Jiménez Suárez V, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Alvarez-Buylla ER, Sánchez S. Genome mining of Streptomyces scabrisporus NF3 reveals symbiotic features including genes related to plant interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192618. [PMID: 29447216 PMCID: PMC5813959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are wide-spread and associated with plant physiological benefits, yet their genomes and secondary metabolites remain largely unidentified. In this study, we explored the genome of the endophyte Streptomyces scabrisporus NF3 for discovery of potential novel molecules as well as genes and metabolites involved in host interactions. The complete genomes of seven Streptomyces and three other more distantly related bacteria were used to define the functional landscape of this unique microbe. The S. scabrisporus NF3 genome is larger than the average Streptomyces genome and not structured for an obligate endosymbiotic lifestyle; this and the fact that can grow in R2YE media implies that it could include a soil-living stage. The genome displays an enrichment of genes associated with amino acid production, protein secretion, secondary metabolite and antioxidants production and xenobiotic degradation, indicating that S. scabrisporus NF3 could contribute to the metabolic enrichment of soil microbial communities and of its hosts. Importantly, besides its metabolic advantages, the genome showed evidence for differential functional specificity and diversification of plant interaction molecules, including genes for the production of plant hormones, stress resistance molecules, chitinases, antibiotics and siderophores. Given the diversity of S. scabrisporus mechanisms for host upkeep, we propose that these strategies were necessary for its adaptation to plant hosts and to face changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Diana Ceapă
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Melissa Vázquez-Hernández
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Stefany Daniela Rodríguez-Luna
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angélica Patricia Cruz Vázquez
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez,Tuxtla, Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Verónica Jiménez Suárez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
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Yi Y, de Jong A, Frenzel E, Kuipers OP. Comparative Transcriptomics of Bacillus mycoides Strains in Response to Potato-Root Exudates Reveals Different Genetic Adaptation of Endophytic and Soil Isolates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1487. [PMID: 28824604 PMCID: PMC5543090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root secreted compounds alter the gene expression of associated microorganisms by acting as signal molecules that either stimulate or repel the interaction with beneficial or harmful species, respectively. However, it is still unclear whether two distinct groups of beneficial bacteria, non-plant-associated (soil) strains and plant-associated (endophytic) strains, respond uniformly or variably to the exposure with root exudates. Therefore, Bacillus mycoides, a potential biocontrol agent and plant growth-promoting bacterium, was isolated from the endosphere of potatoes and from soil of the same geographical region. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of plants inoculated with GFP-tagged B. mycoides strains showed that the endosphere isolate EC18 had a stronger plant colonization ability and competed more successfully for the colonization sites than the soil isolate SB8. To dissect these phenotypic differences, the genomes of the two strains were sequenced and the transcriptome response to potato root exudates was compared. The global transcriptome profiles evidenced that the endophytic isolate responded more pronounced than the soil-derived isolate and a higher number of significant differentially expressed genes were detected. Both isolates responded with the alteration of expression of an overlapping set of genes, which had previously been reported to be involved in plant–microbe interactions; including organic substance metabolism, oxidative reduction, and transmembrane transport. Notably, several genes were specifically upregulated in the endosphere isolate EC18, while being oppositely downregulated in the soil isolate SB8. These genes mainly encoded membrane proteins, transcriptional regulators or were involved in amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. By contrast, several genes upregulated in the soil isolate SB8 and downregulated in the endosphere isolate EC18 were related to sugar transport, which might coincide with the different nutrient availability in the two environments. Altogether, the presented transcriptome profiles provide highly improved insights into the life strategies of plant-associated endophytes and soil isolates of B. mycoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Yi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Elrike Frenzel
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Molecular Genetics Department, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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Singh VK, Singh AK, Kumar A. Disease management of tomato through PGPB: current trends and future perspective. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:255. [PMID: 28730550 PMCID: PMC5519495 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the world's second most cultivated vegetable. During cultivation or post-harvest storage, it is susceptible to more than 200 diseases caused by an array of pathogenic fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. Although wide range of chemical pesticides are currently available to manage plant diseases, continuous application of pesticides not only affect the nutritional contents of tomato but also the texture or productivity of soil. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are one of the nature friendly, safe, and effective alternatives for the management of diseases and pathogens of tomato. Currently, numbers of microbes have been used as soil or plant inoculants in different plants including tomato as biocontrol. Besides disease inhibition, these inoculants also act as growth modulators. The present article describes the biocontrol potential of PGPB strains and mechanisms for the diseases management in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Pawlik M, Cania B, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Hydrocarbon degradation potential and plant growth-promoting activity of culturable endophytic bacteria of Lotus corniculatus and Oenothera biennis from a long-term polluted site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19640-19652. [PMID: 28681302 PMCID: PMC5570797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many endophytic bacteria exert beneficial effects on their host, but still little is known about the bacteria associated with plants growing in areas heavily polluted by hydrocarbons. The aim of the study was characterization of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading endophytic bacteria associated with Lotus corniculatus L. and Oenothera biennis L. collected in long-term petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted site using culture-dependent and molecular approaches. A total of 26 hydrocarbon-degrading endophytes from these plants were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses classified the isolates into the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The majority of strains belonged to the genera Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Rhodococcus. More than 90% of the isolates could grow on medium with diesel oil, approximately 20% could use n-hexadecane as a sole carbon and energy source. PCR analysis revealed that 40% of the isolates possessed the P450 gene encoding for cytochrome P450-type alkane hydroxylase (CYP153). In in vitro tests, all endophytic strains demonstrated a wide range of plant growth-promoting traits such as production of indole-3-acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, and phosphate solubilization. More than 40% of the bacteria carried the gene encoding for the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (acdS). Our study shows that the diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in tested plants was different. The results revealed also that the investigated plants were colonized by endophytic bacteria possessing plant growth-promoting features and a clear potential to degrade hydrocarbons. The properties of isolated endophytes indicate that they have the high potential to improve phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pawlik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Cania
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Atiphasaworn P, Monggoot S, Gentekaki E, Brooks S, Pripdeevech P. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Constituents of Extracts of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora Leaves. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1185-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deketelaere S, Tyvaert L, França SC, Höfte M. Desirable Traits of a Good Biocontrol Agent against Verticillium Wilt. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1186. [PMID: 28729855 PMCID: PMC5498563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne fungus Verticillium causes serious vascular disease in a wide variety of annual crops and woody perennials. Verticillium wilt is notoriously difficult to control by conventional methods, so there is great potential for biocontrol to manage this disease. In this study we aimed to review the research about Verticillium biocontrol to get a better understanding of characteristics that are desirable in a biocontrol agent (BCA) against Verticillium wilt. We only considered studies in which the BCAs were tested on plants. Most biocontrol studies were focused on plants of the Solanaceae, Malvaceae, and Brassicaceae and within these families eggplant, cotton, and oilseed rape were the most studied crops. The list of bacterial BCAs with potential against Verticillium was dominated by endophytic Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates, while non-pathogenic xylem-colonizing Verticillium and Fusarium isolates topped the fungal list. Predominant modes of action involved in biocontrol were inhibition of primary inoculum germination, plant growth promotion, competition and induced resistance. Many BCAs showed in vitro antibiosis and mycoparasitism but these traits were not correlated with activity in vivo and there is no evidence that they play a role in planta. Good BCAs were obtained from soils suppressive to Verticillium wilt, disease suppressive composts, and healthy plants in infested fields. Desirable characteristics in a BCA against Verticillium are the ability to (1) affect the survival or germination of microsclerotia, (2) colonize the xylem and/or cortex and compete with the pathogen for nutrients and/or space, (3) induce resistance responses in the plant and/or (4) promote plant growth. Potential BCAs should be screened in conditions that resemble the field situation to increase the chance of successful use in practice. Furthermore, issues such as large scale production, formulation, preservation conditions, shelf life, and application methods should be considered early in the process of selecting BCAs against Verticillium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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Estendorfer J, Stempfhuber B, Haury P, Vestergaard G, Rillig MC, Joshi J, Schröder P, Schloter M. The Influence of Land Use Intensity on the Plant-Associated Microbiome of Dactylis glomerata L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:930. [PMID: 28680426 PMCID: PMC5478725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-associated microbiome of Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass). For this purpose, eight sampling sites with different land use intensity levels but comparable soil properties were selected in the southwest of Germany. Experimental plots covered land use levels from natural grassland up to intensively managed meadows. We used 16S rRNA gene based barcoding to assess the plant-associated community structure in the endosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil of D. glomerata. Samples were taken at the reproductive stage of the plant in early summer. Our data indicated that roots harbor a distinct bacterial community, which clearly differed from the microbiome of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our results revealed Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae as the most abundant endophytes independently of land use intensity. Rhizosphere and bulk soil were dominated also by Proteobacteria, but the most abundant families differed from those obtained from root samples. In the soil, the effect of land use intensity was more pronounced compared to root endophytes leading to a clearly distinct pattern of bacterial communities under different LUI from rhizosphere and bulk soil vs. endophytes. Overall, a change of community structure on the plant-soil interface was observed, as the number of shared OTUs between all three compartments investigated increased with decreasing land use intensity. Thus, our findings suggest a stronger interaction of the plant with its surrounding soil under low land use intensity. Furthermore, the amount and quality of available nitrogen was identified as a major driver for shifts in the microbiome structure in all compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Estendorfer
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stempfhuber
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Paula Haury
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jasmin Joshi
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute for Biochemistry und Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Schröder,
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of MunichFreising, Germany
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Battini F, Bernardi R, Turrini A, Agnolucci M, Giovannetti M. Rhizophagus intraradices or its associated bacteria affect gene expression of key enzymes involved in the rosmarinic acid biosynthetic pathway of basil. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:699-707. [PMID: 27179537 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to enhance plant biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with health-promoting activities, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, anthocyanins, flavonoids and lycopene. In addition, plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria were shown to modulate the concentration of nutraceutical compounds in different plant species. This study investigated for the first time whether genes encoding key enzymes of the biochemical pathways leading to the production of rosmarinic acid (RA), a bioactive compound showing antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, were differentially expressed in Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) inoculated with AMF or selected PGP bacteria, by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. O. basilicum plants were inoculated with either the AMF species Rhizophagus intraradices or a combination of two PGP bacteria isolated from its sporosphere, Sinorhizobium meliloti TSA41 and Streptomyces sp. W43N. Present data show that the selected PGP bacteria were able to trigger the overexpression of tyrosine amino-transferase (TAT), hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) and p-coumaroyl shikimate 3'-hydroxylase isoform 1 (CS3'H iso1) genes, 5.7-fold, 2-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, in O. basilicum leaves. By contrast, inoculation with R. intraradices triggered TAT upregulation and HPPR and CS3'H iso1 downregulation. Our data suggest that inoculation with the two selected strains of PGP bacteria utilised here could represent a suitable biotechnological tool to be implemented for the production of O. basilicum plants with increased levels of key enzymes for the biosynthesis of RA, a compound showing important functional properties as related to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Battini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Yasmin S, Zaka A, Imran A, Zahid MA, Yousaf S, Rasul G, Arif M, Mirza MS. Plant Growth Promotion and Suppression of Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice by Inoculated Bacteria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160688. [PMID: 27532545 PMCID: PMC4988697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight (BLB). A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of BLB pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) of which five antagonistic bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas spp. E227, E233, Rh323, Serratia sp. Rh269 and Bacillus sp. Rh219 showed antagonistic potential (zone of inhibition 1-19 mm). Production of siderophores was found to be the common biocontrol determinant and all the strains solubilized inorganic phosphate (82-116 μg mL-1) and produced indole acetic acid (0.48-1.85 mg L-1) in vitro. All antagonistic bacteria were non-pathogenic to rice, and their co-inoculation significantly improved plant health in terms of reduced diseased leaf area (80%), improved shoot length (31%), root length (41%) and plant dry weight (60%) as compared to infected control plants. Furthermore, under pathogen pressure, bacterial inoculation resulted in increased activity of defense related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase, along with 86% increase in peroxidase and 53% increase in catalase enzyme activities in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. Rh323 as well as co-inoculated plants. Bacterial strains showed good colonization potential in the rice rhizosphere up to 21 days after seed inoculation. Application of bacterial consortia in the field resulted in an increase of 31% in grain yield and 10% in straw yield over non-inoculated plots. Although, yield increase was statistically non-significant but was accomplished with overall saving of 20% chemical fertilizers. The study showed that Pseudomonas sp. Rh323 can be used to develop dual-purpose inoculum which can serve not only to suppress BLB but also to promote plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Yasmin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Abha Zaka
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Zahid
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Yousaf
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasul
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Molecular phylogenetics and anti-Pythium activity of endophytes from rhizomes of wild ginger congener, Zingiber zerumbet Smith. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:41. [PMID: 26867602 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber zerumbet, a perennial rhizomatous herb exhibits remarkable disease resistance as well as a wide range of pharmacological activities. Towards characterizing the endophytic population of Z. zerumbet rhizomes, experiments were carried out during two different growing seasons viz., early-June of 2013 and late-July of 2014. A total of 34 endophytes were isolated and categorized into 11 morphologically distinct groups. Fungi were observed to predominate bacterial species with colonization frequency values ranging from 12.5 to 50%. Among the 11 endophyte groups isolated, molecular analyses based on ITS/16S rRNA gene sequences identified seven isolate groups as Fusarium solani, two as F. oxysporum and one as the bacterium Rhizobium spp. Phylogenetic tree clustered the ITS sequences from Z. zerumbet endophytes into distinct clades consistent with morphological and sequence analysis. Dual culture assays were carried out to determine antagonistic activity of the isolated endophytes against Pythium myriotylum, an economically significant soil-borne phytopathogen of cultivated ginger. Experiments revealed significant P. myriotylum growth inhibition by F. solani and F. oxysporum isolates with percentage of inhibition (PoI) ranging from 45.17 ± 0.29 to 62.2 ± 2.58 with F. oxysporum exhibiting higher PoI values against P. myriotylum. Using ZzEF8 metabolite extract, concentration-dependent P. myriotylum hyphal growth inhibition was observed following radial diffusion assays. These observations were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis wherein exposure to ZzEF8 metabolite extract induced hyphal deformities. Results indicate Z. zerumbet endophytes as promising resources for biologically active compounds and as biocontrol agents for soft rot disease management caused by Pythium spp.
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Schilirò E, Valverde-Corredor A, Mercado-Blanco J. Systemic responses in a tolerant olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar upon root colonization by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:928. [PMID: 26441865 PMCID: PMC4584997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is caused by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars; however, our knowledge on VWO tolerance/resistance genetics is very limited. A transcriptomic analysis was conducted to (i) identify systemic defense responses induced/repressed in aerial tissues of the tolerant cultivar Frantoio upon root colonization by V. dahliae, and (ii) determine the expression pattern of selected defense genes in olive cultivars showing differential susceptibility to VWO. Two suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA libraries, enriched in up-regulated (FU) and down-regulated (FD) genes respectively, were generated from "Frantoio" aerial tissues. Results showed that broad systemic transcriptomic changes are taking place during V. dahliae-"Frantoio" interaction. A total of 585 FU and 381 FD unigenes were identified, many of them involved in defense response to (a)biotic stresses. Selected genes were then used to validate libraries and evaluate their temporal expression pattern in "Frantoio." Four defense genes were analyzed in cultivars Changlot Real (tolerant) and Picual (susceptible). An association between GRAS1 and DRR2 gene expression patterns and susceptibility to VWO was observed, suggesting that these transcripts could be further evaluated as markers of the tolerance level of olive cultivars to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCórdoba, Spain
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Pautasso M, Schlegel M, Holdenrieder O. Forest health in a changing world. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:826-842. [PMID: 25502075 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Forest pathology, the science of forest health and tree diseases, is operating in a rapidly developing environment. Most importantly, global trade and climate change are increasing the threat to forest ecosystems posed by new diseases. Various studies relevant to forest pathology in a changing world are accumulating, thus making it necessary to provide an update of recent literature. In this contribution, we summarize research at the interface between forest pathology and landscape ecology, biogeography, global change science and research on tree endophytes. Regional outbreaks of tree diseases are requiring interdisciplinary collaboration, e.g. between forest pathologists and landscape ecologists. When tree pathogens are widely distributed, the factors determining their broad-scale distribution can be studied using a biogeographic approach. Global change, the combination of climate and land use change, increased pollution, trade and urbanization, as well as invasive species, will influence the effects of forest disturbances such as wildfires, droughts, storms, diseases and insect outbreaks, thus affecting the health and resilience of forest ecosystems worldwide. Tree endophytes can contribute to biological control of infectious diseases, enhance tolerance to environmental stress or behave as opportunistic weak pathogens potentially competing with more harmful ones. New molecular techniques are available for studying the complete tree endobiome under the influence of global change stressors from the landscape to the intercontinental level. Given that exotic tree diseases have both ecologic and economic consequences, we call for increased interdisciplinary collaboration in the coming decades between forest pathologists and researchers studying endophytes with tree geneticists, evolutionary and landscape ecologists, biogeographers, conservation biologists and global change scientists and outline interdisciplinary research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pautasso
- Forest Pathology & Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Upreti R, Thomas P. Root-associated bacterial endophytes from Ralstonia solanacearum resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars and their pathogen antagonistic effects. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:255. [PMID: 25926818 PMCID: PMC4396348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess if the root-associated native bacterial endophytes in tomato have any bearing in governing the host resistance to the wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Internal colonization of roots by bacterial endophytes was confirmed through confocal imaging after SYTO-9 staining. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized roots of 4-weeks-old seedlings of known wilt resistant (R) tomato cultivar Arka Abha and susceptible (S) cv. Arka Vikas on nutrient agar after plating the tissue homogenate. Arka Abha displayed more diversity with nine distinct organisms while Arka Vikas showed five species with two common organisms (Pseudomonas oleovorans and Agrobacterium tumefaciens). Screening for general indicators of biocontrol potential showed more isolates from Arka Abha positive for siderophore, HCN and antibiotic biosynthesis than from Arka Vikas. Direct challenge against the pathogen indicated strong antagonism by three Arka Abha isolates (P. oleovorans, Pantoea ananatis, and Enterobacter cloacae) and moderate activity by three others, while just one isolate from Arka Vikas (P. oleovorans) showed strong antagonism. Validation for the presence of bacterial endophytes on three R cultivars (Arka Alok, Arka Ananya, Arka Samrat) showed 8-9 antagonistic bacteria in them in comparison with four species in the three S cultivars (Arka Ashish, Arka Meghali, Arka Saurabhav). Altogether 34 isolates belonging to five classes, 16 genera and 27 species with 23 of them exhibiting pathogen antagonism were isolated from the four R cultivars against 17 isolates under three classes, seven genera and 13 species from the four S cultivars with eight isolates displaying antagonistic effects. The prevalence of higher endophytic bacterial diversity and more antagonistic organisms associated with the seedling roots of resistant cultivars over susceptible genotypes suggest a possible role by the root-associated endophytes in natural defense against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pious Thomas
- Endophytic and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchBangalore, India
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Maldonado-González MM, Bakker PAHM, Prieto P, Mercado-Blanco J. Arabidopsis thaliana as a tool to identify traits involved in Verticillium dahliae biocontrol by the olive root endophyte Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:266. [PMID: 25904904 PMCID: PMC4387922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective management of Verticillium wilts (VW), diseases affecting many crops and caused by some species of the soil-borne fungus Verticillium, is problematic. The use of microbial antagonists to control these pathologies fits modern sustainable agriculture criteria. Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from olive roots with demonstrated ability to control VW of olive caused by the highly virulent, defoliating (D) pathotype of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. However, the study of the PICF7-V. dahliae-olive tripartite interaction poses difficulties because of the inherent characteristics of woody, long-living plants. To overcome these problems we explored the use of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Results obtained in this study showed that: (i) olive D and non-defoliating V. dahliae pathotypes produce differential disease severity in A. thaliana plants; (ii) strain PICF7 is able to colonize and persist in the A. thaliana rhizosphere but is not endophytic in Arabidopsis; and (iii) strain PICF7 controls VW in Arabidopsis. Additionally, as previously observed in olive, neither swimming motility nor siderophore production by PICF7 are required for VW control in A. thaliana, whilst cysteine auxotrophy decreased the effectiveness of PICF7. Moreover, when applied to the roots PICF7 controlled Botrytis cinerea infection in the leaves of Arabidopsis, suggesting that this strain is able to induce systemic resistance. A. thaliana is therefore a suitable alternative to olive bioassays to unravel biocontrol traits involved in biological control of V. dahliae by P. fluorescens PICF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mercedes Maldonado-González
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CórdobaSpain
| | - Peter A. H. M. Bakker
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CórdobaSpain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CórdobaSpain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CórdobaSpain
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Martínez-García PM, Ruano-Rosa D, Schilirò E, Prieto P, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P, Mercado-Blanco J. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PICF7, an indigenous root endophyte from olive (Olea europaea L.) and effective biocontrol agent against Verticillium dahliae. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:10. [PMID: 25685259 PMCID: PMC4322347 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PICF7 is a native endophyte of olive roots. Previous studies have shown this motile, Gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium is an effective biocontrol agent against the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of one of the most devastating diseases for olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivation. Here, we announce and describe the complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PICF7 consisting of a circular chromosome of 6,136,735 bp that encodes 5,567 protein-coding genes and 88 RNA-only encoding genes. Genome analysis revealed genes predicting factors such as secretion systems, siderophores, detoxifying compounds or volatile components. Further analysis of the genome sequence of PICF7 will help in gaining insights into biocontrol and endophytism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Martínez-García
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Málaga, Spain ; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM- INIA), Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Departmentos de Potección de Cultivos y, Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Schilirò
- Departmentos de Potección de Cultivos y, Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departmentos de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM- INIA), Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departmentos de Potección de Cultivos y, Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
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Buonaurio R, Moretti C, da Silva DP, Cortese C, Ramos C, Venturi V. The olive knot disease as a model to study the role of interspecies bacterial communities in plant disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:434. [PMID: 26113855 PMCID: PMC4461811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in studying interspecies bacterial interactions in diseases of animals and plants as it is believed that the great majority of bacteria found in nature live in complex communities. Plant pathologists have thus far mainly focused on studies involving single species or on their interactions with antagonistic competitors. A bacterial disease used as model to study multispecies interactions is the olive knot disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv). Knots caused by Psv in branches and other aerial parts of the olive trees are an ideal niche not only for the pathogen but also for many other plant-associated bacterial species, mainly belonging to the genera Pantoea, Pectobacterium, Erwinia, and Curtobacterium. The non-pathogenic bacterial species Erwinia toletana, Pantoea agglomerans, and Erwinia oleae, which are frequently isolated inside the olive knots, cooperate with Psv in modulating the disease severity. Co-inoculations of these species with Psv result in bigger knots and better bacterial colonization when compared to single inoculations. Moreover, harmless bacteria co-localize with the pathogen inside the knots, indicating the formation of stable bacterial consortia that may facilitate the exchange of quorum sensing signals and metabolites. Here we discuss the possible role of bacterial communities in the establishment and development of olive knot disease, which we believe could be taking place in many other bacterial plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buonaurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Buonaurio, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno, 74 06121 Perugia, Italy,
| | - Chiaraluce Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cortese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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