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Hu Z, Cui H, Wang Q, Li C, Chen S, Gao Z, Liu L, Peng B, Li J. Induced production of defensive secondary metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis by co-culture with Aspergillus alabamensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 225:114187. [PMID: 38889845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed compounds, including four diketomorpholine alkaloids (1‒4), one indole diketopiperazine alkaloid (9), one chromone (10), and one benzoic acid derivative (13), and nine known compounds (5-8, 11, 12, and 14-16) were isolated from two different fungal sources. Nine of these metabolites (1-9) were obtained from a seagrass-derived Aspergillus alabamensis SYSU-6778, while the others were obtained from a mixed culture of A. alabamensis SYSU-6778 and a co-isolated fungus A. fumigatiaffinis SYSU-6786. The chemical structures of the compounds were deduced via spectroscopic techniques (including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), chemical reactions, and ECD calculations. It is worth noting that compound 10 was identified as a defensive secondary metabolite of strain SYSU-6786, produced through the induction of compound 8 under co-culture conditions. Compounds 3 and 4 possessed a naturally rare isotryptophan core. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against fish pathogenic bacterium Edwardsiella ictalurid, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 10.0 μg/mL for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Haishan Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Senhua Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China.
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Shen X, Lei C, Zhang A, Wang L, Chen D, Qi L, Hu Y, Chen G, Ran H, Yin WB. Stimulating Novel and Bioactive Metabolite Production by Cocultivation of Two Fungi ─Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39020512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungi produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) as protective and weaponized tools to enhance survival in shared ecological niches. By mimicking a competitive ecosystem, cocultivation has been proven to be particularly successful in stimulating SM discovery. Here, we reported the identification of four novel metabolites, epiclactones A and B, epioxochromane and aoergostane, from the coculture of two biotechnologically important strains, Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed widespread silent gene activation during fungal-fungal interaction. The majority of differentially expressed gene clusters were summarized for both strains. Based on these highly activated biosynthetic pathways, we suggested that a bidirectional chemical defense occurred under cocultivation. E. dendrobii enhanced the production of the spore inhibitor, fumigermin. Moreover, A. oryzae highly accumulated the antifungal agent kojic acid with a yield of up to 1.10 g/L. This study provides an excellent example for the discovery of hidden natural products by cocultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Anxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Denghui Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Landa Qi
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yiliang Hu
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Guocan Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Huomiao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Chodkowski JL, Shade A. Bioactive exometabolites drive maintenance competition in simple bacterial communities. mSystems 2024; 9:e0006424. [PMID: 38470039 PMCID: PMC11019792 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00064-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During prolonged resource limitation, bacterial cells can persist in metabolically active states of non-growth. These maintenance periods, such as those experienced in stationary phase, can include upregulation of secondary metabolism and release of exometabolites into the local environment. As resource limitation is common in many environmental microbial habitats, we hypothesized that neighboring bacterial populations employ exometabolites to compete or cooperate during maintenance and that these exometabolite-facilitated interactions can drive community outcomes. Here, we evaluated the consequences of exometabolite interactions over the stationary phase among three environmental strains: Burkholderia thailandensis E264, Chromobacterium subtsugae ATCC 31532, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. We assembled them into synthetic communities that only permitted chemical interactions. We compared the responses (transcripts) and outputs (exometabolites) of each member with and without neighbors. We found that transcriptional dynamics were changed with different neighbors and that some of these changes were coordinated between members. The dominant competitor B. thailandensis consistently upregulated biosynthetic gene clusters to produce bioactive exometabolites for both exploitative and interference competition. These results demonstrate that competition strategies during maintenance can contribute to community-level outcomes. It also suggests that the traditional concept of defining competitiveness by growth outcomes may be narrow and that maintenance competition could be an additional or alternative measure. IMPORTANCE Free-living microbial populations often persist and engage in environments that offer few or inconsistently available resources. Thus, it is important to investigate microbial interactions in this common and ecologically relevant condition of non-growth. This work investigates the consequences of resource limitation for community metabolic output and for population interactions in simple synthetic bacterial communities. Despite non-growth, we observed active, exometabolite-mediated competition among the bacterial populations. Many of these interactions and produced exometabolites were dependent on the community composition but we also observed that one dominant competitor consistently produced interfering exometabolites regardless. These results are important for predicting and understanding microbial interactions in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Chodkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashley Shade
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
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Mudbhari S, Lofgren L, Appidi MR, Vilgalys R, Hettich RL, Abraham PE. Decoding the chemical language of Suillus fungi: genome mining and untargeted metabolomics uncover terpene chemical diversity. mSystems 2024; 9:e0122523. [PMID: 38470040 PMCID: PMC11019867 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi establish mutually beneficial relationships with trees, trading nutrients for carbon. Suillus are ectomycorrhizal fungi that are critical to the health of boreal and temperate forest ecosystems. Comparative genomics has identified a high number of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and terpene biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) potentially involved in fungal competition and communication. However, the functionality of these BGCs is not known. This study employed co-culture techniques to activate BGC expression and then used metabolomics to investigate the diversity of metabolic products produced by three Suillus species (Suillus hirtellus EM16, Suillus decipiens EM49, and Suillus cothurnatus VC1858), core members of the pine microbiome. After 28 days of growth on solid media, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified a diverse range of extracellular metabolites (exometabolites) along the interaction zone between Suillus co-cultures. Prenol lipids were among the most abundant chemical classes. Out of the 62 unique terpene BGCs predicted by genome mining, 41 putative prenol lipids (includes 37 putative terpenes) were identified across the three Suillus species using metabolomics. Notably, some terpenes were significantly more abundant in co-culture conditions. For example, we identified a metabolite matching to isomers isopimaric acid, sandaracopimaric acid, and abietic acid, which can be found in pine resin and play important roles in host defense mechanisms and Suillus spore germination. This research highlights the importance of combining genomics and metabolomics to advance our understanding of the chemical diversity underpinning fungal signaling and communication.IMPORTANCEUsing a combination of genomics and metabolomics, this study's findings offer new insights into the chemical diversity of Suillus fungi, which serve a critical role in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Mudbhari
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lotus Lofgren
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manasa R. Appidi
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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Kredics L, Büchner R, Balázs D, Allaga H, Kedves O, Racić G, Varga A, Nagy VD, Vágvölgyi C, Sipos G. Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:162. [PMID: 38613584 PMCID: PMC11015995 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in agricultural production worldwide to prevent damage from plant pathogenic microorganisms, insects, and nematodes, to minimize crop losses and to preserve crop quality. However, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can severely pollute soil, water, and air, posing risks to the environment and human health. Consequently, developing new, alternative, environment-friendly microbial soil treatment interventions for plant protection and crop yield increase has become indispensable. Members of the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales) have long been known as efficient antagonists of plant pathogenic microorganisms based on various beneficial traits and abilities of these fungi. This minireview aims to discuss the advances in the field of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbiological inoculants based on recent experimental updates. Trichoderma strains can be combined with each other, with other fungi and/or with beneficial bacteria. The development and field performance of such inoculants will be addressed, focusing on the complementarity, synergy, and compatibility of their microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Rita Büchner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Dóra Balázs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Allaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kedves
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Gordana Racić
- Faculty of Ecological Agriculture, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, 21208, Serbia
| | - András Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dávid Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - György Sipos
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xu T, Zeng L, Liu F, Huang X, Liu Q. Interactions among microorganisms open up a new world for anti-infectious therapy. FEBS J 2024; 291:1615-1631. [PMID: 36527169 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome, containing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is a community that coexists peacefully with humans most of the time, but with the potential to cause disease under certain conditions. When the environment changes or certain stimuli are received, microbes may interact with each other, causing or increasing the severity of disease in a host. With the appropriate methods, we can make these microbiota work for us, creating new applications for human health. This review discusses the wide range of interactions between microorganisms that result in an increase in susceptibility to, severity of, and mortality of diseases, and also briefly introduces how microorganisms interact with each other directly or indirectly. The study of microbial interactions and their mechanisms has revealed a new world of treatments for infectious disease. The regulation of the balance between intestinal flora, the correct application of probiotics, and the development of effective drugs by symbiosis all demonstrate the great contributions of the microbiota to human health and its powerful potential value. Consequently, the study of interactions between microorganisms plays an essential role in identifying the causes of diseases and the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hanchi Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Fadi Liu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
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Vakilchap F, Mohammad Mousavi S. Exploring the untapped practices in bacterial-fungal mixed-based cultures for acidic treatment of metal-enriched printed circuit board waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 179:245-261. [PMID: 38493610 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the extraction of metals from spent mobile phone printed circuit boards (SMPhPCBs) to address environmental and resource depletion concerns. The challenges in metal recovery from SMPhPCBs arise due to their complex composition and high metal content. While previous research has primarily focused on using bio-cyanide, bio-sulfate, and bio-ferric compounds from acidophilic bacteria, the potential of bio-oxalic acid for SMPhPCBs treatment and the alteration of their complex structure has not yet been explored. Additionally, this study suggests evaluating the untapped potential of Aspergillus niger in oxalic acid production through mixed cultures with bacteria, marking a pioneering approach. A unique culture of Bacillus megaterium and A. niger was created, inducing bio-stress by bacterial metabolites, including gluconic acid (2683 mg/l) and live/dead bacterial cells in a medium with glucose deficiency. Results demonstrated reducing sugar consumption and oxalic acid over-production in mixed cultures compared to pure cultures, ranging from 1350 to 4951 mg/l at an initial glucose concentration (IGC) of 10 g/l and 4276 to 7460 mg/l at IGC 20 g/l. This over-production is attributed to proposed fungal signaling mechanisms to bacteria. Metal extraction using organic acids and siderophores at 10 g/l pulp density, 24 h, and 60 °C yielded Mn (100 %), Pt (100 %), Pd (70.7 %), Fe (50.8 %), Co (48.3 %), Al (21.8 %), among others. The final valuable residue containing copper, gold, and silver holds potential for future recycling. The study concludes with XRD and FTIR analyses to assess the bioleaching effect on the bio-leached powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Vakilchap
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Modares Environmental Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Samia ALKHALILS. EFFECT OF PENICILLIUM SPECIES ON THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ALCALIGENES FAECALIS. Afr J Infect Dis 2024; 18:8-18. [PMID: 38606189 PMCID: PMC11004782 DOI: 10.21010/ajidv18i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. This study aimed at determining the potential effect of bacterial-fungal interaction on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Alcaligenes faecalis. Materials and Methods Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated from water samples. The isolate was identified using the conventional biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA molecular sequencing technique. Additionally, Penicillium species was isolated and identified based on colony morphological characteristics and microscopic features. Standardized isolates were co-cultured in broth medium. Antibiotic susceptibility evaluation of the Alcaligenes faecalis from the co-culture and the original Alcaligenes faecalis was carried out using the Kirby bauer disk diffusion method. Results The antibiotic susceptibility profile of Alcaligenes faecalis before and after co-culture remained largely unchanged except in the case of chloramphenicol, where the isolate showed reduced susceptibility. Molecular analysis of resistance gene revealed the absence of tested gene encoding antibiotic resistance, including the streptomycin resistance (str) genes (stra and strb) and the erythromycin resistance methylase (erm) gene. Conclusion The result of this study showed that there is a minimal influence of Penicillium cultures on the susceptibility of A. faecalis. Further research involving a wide spectrum of microorganisms and their interactions should be conducted to acquire a thorough understanding of the influence of microbial interactions on antibiotic susceptibility profiles in order to pave way for novel strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALKHALIL S. Samia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Darvishi F, Rafatiyan S, Abbaspour Motlagh Moghaddam MH, Atkinson E, Ledesma-Amaro R. Applications of synthetic yeast consortia for the production of native and non-native chemicals. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:15-30. [PMID: 36130800 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2118569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The application of microbial consortia is a new approach in synthetic biology. Synthetic yeast consortia, simple or complex synthetic mixed cultures, have been used for the production of various metabolites. Cooperation between the members of a consortium and cross-feeding can be applied to create stable microbial communication. These consortia can: consume a variety of substrates, perform more complex functions, produce metabolites in high titer, rate, and yield (TRY), and show higher stability during industrial fermentations. Due to the new research context of synthetic consortia, few yeasts were used to build these consortia, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Yarrowia lipolytica. Here, application of the yeasts for design of synthetic microbial consortia and their advantages and bottlenecks for effective and robust production of valuable metabolites from bioresource, including: cellulose, xylose, glycerol and so on, have been reviewed. Key trends and challenges are also discussed for the future development of synthetic yeast consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Darvishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology (CAMB), Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rafatiyan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Eliza Atkinson
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Meng Z, Tan Y, Duan YL, Li M. Monaspin B, a Novel Cyclohexyl-furan from Cocultivation of Monascus purpureus and Aspergillus oryzae, Exhibits Potent Antileukemic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1114-1123. [PMID: 38166364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are a rich resource for the discovery of innovative drugs. Microbial cocultivation enables discovery of novel natural products through tandem enzymatic catalysis between different fungi. In this study, Monascus purpureus, as a food fermentation strain capable of producing abundant natural products, was chosen as an example of a cocultivation pair strain. Cocultivation screening revealed that M. purpureus and Aspergillus oryzae led to the production of two novel cyclohexyl-furans, Monaspins A and B. Optimization of the cocultivation mode and media enhanced the production of Monaspins A and B to 1.2 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively. Monaspins A and B were structurally elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Furthermore, Monaspin B displayed potent antiproliferative activity against the leukemic HL-60 cell line by inducing apoptosis, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 160 nM. Moreover, in a mouse leukemia model, Monaspin B exhibited a promising in vivo antileukemic effect by reducing white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. Collectively, these results indicate that Monaspin B is a promising candidate agent for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingao Tan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Ya-Li Duan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
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11
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Le Loarer A, Dufossé L, Bignon J, Frédérich M, Ledoux A, Fouillaud M, Gauvin-Bialecki A. OSMAC Method to Assess Impact of Culture Parameters on Metabolomic Diversity and Biological Activity of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:23. [PMID: 38248648 PMCID: PMC10817652 DOI: 10.3390/md22010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are known for their production of bioactive specialized metabolites, but they are still under-exploited. This study uses the "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) method to explore the potential of three preselected marine-derived actinobacteria: Salinispora arenicola (SH-78) and two Micromonospora sp. strains (SH-82 and SH-57). Various parameters, including the duration of the culture and the nature of the growth medium, were modified to assess their impact on the production of specialized metabolites. This approach involved a characterization based on chemical analysis completed with the construction of molecular networks and biological testing to evaluate cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. The results indicated that the influence of culture parameters depended on the studied species and also varied in relation with the microbial metabolites targeted. However, common favorable parameters could be observed for all strains such as an increase in the duration of the culture or the use of the A1 medium. For Micromonospora sp. SH-82, the solid A1 medium culture over 21 days favored a greater chemical diversity. A rise in the antiplasmodial activity was observed with this culture duration, with a IC50 twice as low as for the 14-day culture. Micromonospora sp. SH-57 produced more diverse natural products in liquid culture, with approximately 54% of nodes from the molecular network specifically linked to the type of culture support. Enhanced biological activities were also observed with specific sets of parameters. Finally, for Salinispora arenicola SH-78, liquid culture allowed a greater diversity of metabolites, but intensity variations were specifically observed for some metabolites under other conditions. Notably, compounds related to staurosporine were more abundant in solid culture. Consequently, in the range of the chosen parameters, optimal conditions to enhance metabolic diversity and biological activities in these three marine-derived actinobacteria were identified, paving the way for future isolation works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Loarer
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 09, 97744 Saint-Denis, France; (A.L.L.); (L.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 09, 97744 Saint-Denis, France; (A.L.L.); (L.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institute of Chemistry of Natural Substances (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), University of Liège, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Allison Ledoux
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), University of Liège, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 09, 97744 Saint-Denis, France; (A.L.L.); (L.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 09, 97744 Saint-Denis, France; (A.L.L.); (L.D.); (M.F.)
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12
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Wu CC, Stierle AA, Stierle DB, Chen H, Swyers M, Decker T, Borkowski E, Korajczyk P, Ye R, Mondava N. Activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters by fungal artificial chromosomes to produce novel secondary metabolites. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:757-779. [PMID: 38173972 PMCID: PMC10758572 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2017, we reported the discovery of Berkeleylactone A (BPLA), a novel, potent antibiotic produced exclusively in co-culture by two extremophilic fungi, Penicillium fuscum and P. camembertii/clavigerum, which were isolated from the Berkeley Pit, an acid mine waste lake, in Butte, Montana. Neither fungus synthesized BPLA when grown in axenic culture. Recent studies suggest that secondary metabolites (SMs) are often synthesized by enzymes encoded by co-localized genes that form "biosynthetic gene clusters" (BGCs), which might remain silent (inactive) under various fermentation conditions. Fungi may also harbor cryptic BGCs that are not associated with previously characterized molecules. We turned to the tools of Fungal Artificial Chromosomes (FAC)-Next-Gen-Sequencing (NGS) to understand how co-culture activated cryptic biosynthesis of BPLA and several related berkeleylactones and to further investigate the true biosynthetic potential of these two fungi. FAC-NGS enables the capture of BGCs as individual FACs for heterologous expression in a modified strain of Aspergillus nidulans (heterologous host, FAC-AnHH). With this methodology, we created ten BGC-FACs that yielded fourteen different SMs, including strobilurin, which was previously isolated exclusively from basidiomycetes. Eleven of these compounds were not detected in the extracts of the FAC-AnHH. Of this discrete set, only the novel compound citreohybriddional had been isolated from either Penicillium sp. before and only at very low yield. We propose that through heterologous expression, FACs activated these silent BGCs, resulting in the synthesis of new natural products (NPs) with yields as high as 50%-60% of the crude organic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcang C. Wu
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Andrea A. Stierle
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Donald B. Stierle
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Michael Swyers
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Timothy Decker
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Emili Borkowski
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Peter Korajczyk
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Rosa Ye
- Intact Genomics, Inc. 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 257, St Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Niel Mondava
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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Sun M, Lu T, Chen P, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou R, Zheng W, Zhao Y. The sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) coordinately regulate the response of Neurospora crassa to the springtail Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) attack. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0101823. [PMID: 37855634 PMCID: PMC10686092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the regulatory pathways by which fungi respond to environmental signals through interlinked genes provides insights into the interactions between fungi and insects. The coordinated optimization of the regulatory networks is necessary for fungi to adapt to their habitats. We demonstrated that the synergistic regulation of sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) plays a critical role in regulating the fungal response to Sinella curviseta stress. Furthermore, we found that the enhanced production of trehalose, carotenoids, and 5-MTHF plays crucial role in the resistance to the fungivore. Our results provide insights into the understanding of the adaptation of N. crassa to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weifa Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Hwang GJ, Roh J, Son S, Lee B, Jang JP, Hur JS, Hong YS, Ahn JS, Ko SK, Jang JH. Induction of Fungal Secondary Metabolites by Co-Culture with Actinomycete Producing HDAC Inhibitor Trichostatins. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1437-1447. [PMID: 37670557 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A recently bioinformatic analysis of genomic sequences of fungi indicated that fungi are able to produce more secondary metabolites than expected. Despite their potency, many biosynthetic pathways are silent in the absence of specific culture conditions or chemical cues. To access cryptic metabolism, 108 fungal strains isolated from various sites were cultured with or without Streptomyces sp. 13F051 which mainly produces trichostatin analogues, followed by comparison of metabolic profiles using LC-MS. Among the 108 fungal strains, 14 produced secondary metabolites that were not recognized or were scarcely produced in mono-cultivation. Of these two fungal strains, Myrmecridium schulzeri 15F098 and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola 15S058 produced four new compounds (1-4) along with a known compound (5), demonstrating that all four compounds were produced by physical interaction with Streptomyces sp. 13F051. Bioactivity evaluation indicated that compounds 3-5 impede migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwi Ja Hwang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Roh
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkeun Son
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - Byeongsan Lee
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB school of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Yang K, Li H, Li L, Zhao Z, Hu J, Wei Y, Yang H, Li J. Metabolomics reveal metabolic variation caused by co-culture of Arthrobacter ureafaciens and Trichoderma harzianum and their impacts on wheat germination. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:723-739. [PMID: 36564574 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthrobacter ureafaciens DnL1-1 is a bacterium used for atrazine degradation, while Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 is a widely used biocontrol fungus. In this study, a liquid co-cultivation of these two organisms was initially tested. The significant changes in the metabolome of fermentation liquors were investigated based on cultivation techniques (single-cultured and co-cultured DnL1-1 and LTR-2) using an UPLC-QTOF-MS in an untargeted metabolomic approach. Principle components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) supervised modelling revealed modifications of the metabolic profiles in fermentation liquors as a function of interactions between different strains. Compared with pure-cultivation of DnL1-1, 51 compounds were altered during the cocultivation, with unique and significant differences in the abundance of organic nitrogen compounds (e.g. carnitine, acylcarnitine 4:0, acylcarnitine 5:0, 3-dehydroxycarnitine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine) and trans-zeatin riboside. Nevertheless, compared with pure-cultivation of LTR-2, the abundance of 157 compounds, including amino acids, soluble sugars, organic acids, indoles and derivatives, nucleosides, and others, changed significantly in the cocultivation. Among them, the concentration of tryptophan, which is a precursor to indoleacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, aspartic acid, and L-glutamic acid increased while that of most soluble sugars decreased upon cocultivation. The fermentation filtrates of co-cultivation of LTR-2 and DnL1-1 showed significant promoting effects on germination and radicle length of wheat. A subsequent experiment demonstrated synergistic effects of differential metabolites caused by co-cultivation of DnL1-1 and LTR-2 on wheat germination. Comprehensive metabolic profiling may provide valuable information on the effects of DnL1-1 and LTR-2 on wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Zhongjuan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Hetong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jishun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China.
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Santamaría RI, Martínez-Carrasco A, Tormo JR, Martín J, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Díaz M. Interactions of Different Streptomyces Species and Myxococcus xanthus Affect Myxococcus Development and Induce the Production of DK-Xanthenes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15659. [PMID: 37958645 PMCID: PMC10649082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-culturing of microorganisms is a well-known strategy to study microbial interactions in the laboratory. This approach facilitates the identification of new signals and molecules produced by one species that affects other species' behavior. In this work, we have studied the effects of the interaction of nine Streptomyces species (S. albidoflavus, S. ambofaciens, S. argillaceus, S. griseus, S. lividans, S. olivaceus, S. parvulus, S. peucetius, and S. rochei) with the predator bacteria Myxococcus xanthus, five of which (S. albidoflavus, S. griseus, S. lividans, S. olivaceus, and S. argillaceus) induce mound formation of M. xanthus on complex media (Casitone Yeast extract (CYE) and Casitone tris (CTT); media on which M. xanthus does not form these aggregates under normal culture conditions. An in-depth study on S. griseus-M. xanthus interactions (the Streptomyces strain producing the strongest effect) has allowed the identification of two siderophores produced by S. griseus, demethylenenocardamine and nocardamine, responsible for this grouping effect over M. xanthus. Experiments using pure commercial nocardamine and different concentrations of FeSO4 show that iron depletion is responsible for the behavior of M. xanthus. Additionally, it was found that molecules, smaller than 3 kDa, produced by S. peucetius can induce the production of DK-xanthenes by M. xanthus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón I. Santamaría
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González, nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana Martínez-Carrasco
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González, nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José R. Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.R.T.); (J.M.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.R.T.); (J.M.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.R.T.); (J.M.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.R.T.); (J.M.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Margarita Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González, nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Sharma A, Singh RN, Song XP, Singh RK, Guo DJ, Singh P, Verma KK, Li YR. Genome analysis of a halophilic Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ASH15 revealed salt adaptation, plant growth promotion, and isoprenoid biosynthetic machinery. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229955. [PMID: 37808307 PMCID: PMC10556750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, due to widespread dispersion, intraspecific diversity, and crucial ecological components of halophilic ecosystems, halophilic bacteria is considered one of the key models for ecological, adaptative, and biotechnological applications research in saline environments. With this aim, the present study was to enlighten the plant growth-promoting features and investigate the systematic genome of a halophilic bacteria, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ASH15, through single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. Results showed that strain ASH15 could survive in high salinity up to 25% (w/v) NaCl concentration and express plant growth-promoting traits such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth hormones, and hydrolytic enzymes, which sustain salt stress. The results of pot experiment revealed that strain ASH15 significantly enhanced sugarcane plant growth (root shoot length and weight) under salt stress conditions. Moreover, the sequencing analysis of the strain ASH15 genome exhibited that this strain contained a circular chromosome of 3,832,903 bp with an average G+C content of 37.54%: 3721 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 24 rRNA genes, and 62 tRNA genes. Genome analysis revealed that the genes related to the synthesis and transport of compatible solutes (glycine, betaine, ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and glutamate) confirm salt stress as well as heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, functional annotation showed that the strain ASH15 encodes genes for root colonization, biofilm formation, phytohormone IAA production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate metabolism, and siderophore production, which are beneficial for plant growth promotion. Strain ASH15 also has a gene resistance to antibiotics and pathogens. In addition, analysis also revealed that the genome strain ASH15 has insertion sequences and CRISPRs, which suggest its ability to acquire new genes through horizontal gene transfer and acquire immunity to the attack of viruses. This work provides knowledge of the mechanism through which V. halodenitrificans ASH15 tolerates salt stress. Deep genome analysis, identified MVA pathway involved in biosynthesis of isoprenoids, more precisely "Squalene." Squalene has various applications, such as an antioxidant, anti-cancer agent, anti-aging agent, hemopreventive agent, anti-bacterial agent, adjuvant for vaccines and drug carriers, and detoxifier. Our findings indicated that strain ASH15 has enormous potential in industries such as in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ram Nageena Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, College of Agriculture, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXXAS), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, College of Agriculture, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Dini I, Mancusi A. Weight Loss Supplements. Molecules 2023; 28:5357. [PMID: 37513229 PMCID: PMC10384751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Being overweight or obese can predispose people to chronic diseases and metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are costly public health problems and leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many people hope to solve this problem by using food supplements, as they can be self-prescribed, contain molecules of natural origin considered to be incapable of causing damage to health, and the only sacrifice they require is economic. The market offers supplements containing food plant-derived molecules (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites, vitamins, and fibers), microbes (probiotics), and microbial-derived fractions (postbiotics). They can control lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reduce appetite (interacting with the central nervous system) and adipogenesis, influence intestinal microbiota activity, and increase energy expenditure. Unfortunately, the copious choice of products and different legislation on food supplements worldwide can confuse consumers. This review summarizes the activity and toxicity of dietary supplements for weight control to clarify their potentiality and adverse reactions. A lack of research regarding commercially available supplements has been noted. Supplements containing postbiotic moieties are of particular interest. They are easier to store and transport and are safe even for people with a deficient immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Seibold PS, Lawrinowitz S, Raztsou I, Gressler M, Arndt HD, Stallforth P, Hoffmeister D. Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:14. [PMID: 37400920 PMCID: PMC10316625 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The terphenylquinones represent an ecologically remarkable class of basidiomycete natural products as they serve as central precursors of pigments and compounds that impact on microbial consortia by modulating bacterial biofilms and motility. This study addressed the phylogenetic origin of the quinone synthetases that assemble the key terphenylquinones polyporic acid and atromentin. RESULTS The activity of the Hapalopilus rutilans synthetases HapA1, HapA2 and of Psilocybe cubensis PpaA1 were reconstituted in Aspergilli. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the culture extracts identified all three enzymes as polyporic acid synthetases. PpaA1 is unique in that it features a C-terminal, yet catalytically inactive dioxygenase domain. Combined with bioinformatics to reconstruct the phylogeny, our results demonstrate that basidiomycete polyporic acid and atromentin synthetases evolved independently, although they share an identical catalytic mechanism and release structurally very closely related products. A targeted amino acid replacement in the substrate binding pocket of the adenylation domains resulted in bifunctional synthetases producing both polyporic acid and atromentin. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that quinone synthetases evolved twice independently in basidiomycetes, depending on the aromatic α-keto acid substrate. Furthermore, key amino acid residues for substrate specificity were identified and changed which led to a relaxed substrate profile. Therefore, our work lays the foundation for future targeted enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sophie Seibold
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lawrinowitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ihar Raztsou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Gressler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Department Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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21
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Jiang P, Fu X, Niu H, Chen S, Liu F, Luo Y, Zhang D, Lei H. Recent advances on Pestalotiopsis genus: chemistry, biological activities, structure-activity relationship, and biosynthesis. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2. [PMID: 37389739 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis are reported as large promising sources of structurally varied biologically active metabolites. Many bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse structural features have been derived from Pestalotiopsis. Moreover, some of these compounds can potentially be developed into lead compounds. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the fungal genus Pestalotiopsis, covering a period ranging from January 2016 to December 2022. As many as 307 compounds, including terpenoids, coumarins, lactones, polyketides, and alkaloids, were isolated during this period. Furthermore, for the benefit of readers, the biosynthesis and potential medicinal value of these new compounds are also discussed in this review. Finally, the perspectives and directions for future research and the potential applications of the new compounds are summarized in various tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Krespach MKC, Stroe MC, Netzker T, Rosin M, Zehner LM, Komor AJ, Beilmann JM, Krüger T, Scherlach K, Kniemeyer O, Schroeckh V, Hertweck C, Brakhage AA. Streptomyces polyketides mediate bacteria-fungi interactions across soil environments. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01382-2. [PMID: 37322111 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the interaction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms is crucial for the functioning of ecosystems, information about the processes driving microbial interactions within communities remains scarce. Here we show that arginine-derived polyketides (arginoketides) produced by Streptomyces species mediate cross-kingdom microbial interactions with fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and trigger the production of natural products. Arginoketides can be cyclic or linear, and a prominent example is azalomycin F produced by Streptomyces iranensis, which induces the cryptic orsellinic acid gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans. Bacteria that synthesize arginoketides and fungi that decode and respond to this signal were co-isolated from the same soil sample. Genome analyses and a literature search indicate that arginoketide producers are found worldwide. Because, in addition to their direct impact, arginoketides induce a secondary wave of fungal natural products, they probably contribute to the wider structure and functioning of entire soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario K C Krespach
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria C Stroe
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tina Netzker
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Maira Rosin
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas M Zehner
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna J Komor
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna M Beilmann
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Schroeckh
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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23
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Sharma N, Dabral S, Tyagi J, Yadav G, Aggarwal H, Joshi NC, Varma A, Koul M, Choudhary DK, Mishra A. Interaction studies of Serendipita indica and Zhihengliuella sp. ISTPL4 and their synergistic role in growth promotion in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155715. [PMID: 37293679 PMCID: PMC10244739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and globalization demand increasing agricultural productivity. Soil nutrient supply capacity is continuously decreasing due to soil erosion, degradation, salt deposition, undesired element, metal deposition, water scarcity, and an uneven nutrient delivery system. Rice cultivation requires a large amount of water which is becoming detrimental due to these activities. There is a need to increase its productivity. Microbial inoculants are becoming increasingly important in achieving sustainable agricultural production systems. The current study was conducted to investigate the interaction between the root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica (S. indica) and the actinobacterium Zhihengliuella sp. ISTPL4 (Z. sp. ISTPL4) and their synergistic effects on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L). Both S. indica and Z. sp. ISTPL4 showed positive interactions. Growth of S. indica was observed at different days after Z. sp. ISTPL4 inoculation, and stimulated growth of S. indica was observed when Z. sp. ISTPL4 was inoculated at 5 dafi (days after fungal inoculation). Z. sp. ISTPL4 promoted the growth of S. indica as it increased spore germination. Furthermore, confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed a 27% increase in the spore size of S. indica in the presence of Z. sp. ISTPL4. In a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis increased production of alanine and glutamic acid was observed in their sequential co-culture as compared with individual cultures. Sequential inoculation of S. indica and Z. sp. ISTPL4 significantly increased the biochemical and physical characteristics of rice as compared with their individual inoculum. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll content, total soluble sugar, and flavonoid content in the rice increased by up to 57%, 47%, and 39%, respectively, in the presence of the combined inoculum of S. indica and Z. sp. ISTPL4. This will be the first study, to the best of our knowledge, which shows the fungus and actinobacterium interaction and their synergistic roles in the growth promotion of rice. Furthermore, this novel combination can also be used to boost the growth of other crops to increase the agricultural yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surbhi Dabral
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaagriti Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Yadav
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshi Aggarwal
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Arti Mishra
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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24
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Gasparek M, Steel H, Papachristodoulou A. Deciphering mechanisms of production of natural compounds using inducer-producer microbial consortia. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108117. [PMID: 36813010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms produce a wide range of metabolites. Because of their potential antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, or cytostatic properties, such natural molecules are of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In nature, these metabolites are often synthesized via secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent under the typical culturing conditions. Among different techniques used to activate these silent gene clusters, co-culturing of "producer" species with specific "inducer" microbes is a particularly appealing approach due to its simplicity. Although several "inducer-producer" microbial consortia have been reported in the literature and hundreds of different secondary metabolites with attractive biopharmaceutical properties have been described as a result of co-cultivating inducer-producer consortia, less attention has been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms and possible means of induction for production of secondary metabolites in co-cultures. This lack of understanding of fundamental biological functions and inter-species interactions significantly limits the diversity and yield of valuable compounds using biological engineering tools. In this review, we summarize and categorize the known physiological mechanisms of production of secondary metabolites in inducer-producer consortia, and then discuss approaches that could be exploited to optimize the discovery and production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Gasparek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Harrison Steel
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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25
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Liu Z, Fu B, Wang J, Li W, Hu Y, Liu Z, Fu C, Li D, Wang C, Xu N. Transcriptomics Reveals the Effect of Strain Interactions on the Growth of A. Oryzae and Z. Rouxii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5525-5534. [PMID: 36989392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community structure in traditional fermented foods is quite complex, making the relationship between strains unclear. In this regard, the co-culture system can simulate microbial interactions during food fermentation and reveal the morphological changes, metabolic processes, and gene expression of microbial communities. The present study sought to investigate the effects of microbial interactions on the growth of Aspergillus oryzae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii through omics. After co-cultivation, the pH value and dry weight were consistent with the pure culture of Z. rouxii. Additionally, the consumption of reducing sugar decreased, and the enzymatic activity increased compared with the pure culture of fungus. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and transcriptomics showed that co-culture significantly promoted the effect on Z. rouxii. A total of 6 different VOCs and 2202 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pure and co-culture of Z. rouxii. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the endonucleolytic cleavage of rRNA, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and RNA polymerase metabolic pathways. The study results will provide insights into the effect of microbial interactions on the growth of A. oryzae and Z. rouxii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Hubei Tulaohan Flavouring and Food Co., Ltd., Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
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26
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Park SJ, Sharma A, Lee HJ. Postbiotics against Obesity: Perception and Overview Based on Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6414. [PMID: 37047387 PMCID: PMC10095054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are significant global public health concerns that are increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of probiotics against obesity. Postbiotics are the next generation of probiotics that include bacteria-free extracts and nonviable microorganisms that may be advantageous to the host and are being increasingly preferred over regular probiotics. However, the impact of postbiotics on obesity has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the goal of this review is to gather in-depth data on the ability of postbiotics to combat obesity. Postbiotics have been reported to have significant potential in alleviating obesity. This review comprehensively discusses the anti-obesity effects of postbiotics in cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Postbiotics exert anti-obesity effects via multiple mechanisms, with the major mechanisms including increased energy expenditure, reduced adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, suppression of food intake, inhibition of lipid absorption, regulation of lipid metabolism, and regulation of gut dysbiosis. Future research should include further in-depth studies on strain identification, scale-up of postbiotics, identification of underlying mechanisms, and well-defined clinical studies. Postbiotics could be a promising dietary intervention for the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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27
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Motoyama T, Nogawa T, Shimizu T, Kawatani M, Kashiwa T, Yun CS, Hashizume D, Osada H. Fungal NRPS-PKS Hybrid Enzymes Biosynthesize New γ-Lactam Compounds, Taslactams A-D, Analogous to Actinomycete Proteasome Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:396-403. [PMID: 36692171 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors with γ-lactam structure, such as lactacystin and salinosporamide A, have been isolated from actinomycetes and have attracted attention as lead compounds for anticancer drugs. Previously, we identified a unique enzyme TAS1, which is the first reported fungal NRPS-PKS hybrid enzyme, from the filamentous fungus Pyricularia oryzae for the biosynthesis of a mycotoxin tenuazonic acid, a tetramic acid compound without γ-lactam structure. Homologues of TAS1 have been identified in several fungal genomes and classified into four groups (A-D). Here, we show that the group D TAS1 homologues from two filamentous fungi can biosynthesize γ-lactam compounds, taslactams A-D, with high similarity to actinomycete proteasome inhibitors. One of the γ-lactam compounds, taslactam C, showed potent proteasome inhibitory activity. In contrast to actinomycete γ-lactam compounds which require multiple enzymes for biosynthesis, the TAS1 homologue alone was sufficient for the biosynthesis of the fungal γ-lactam compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Motoyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kashiwa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Choong-Soo Yun
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yata, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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28
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Marine Fungi Select and Transport Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial Populations from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sediments. mBio 2023; 14:e0276122. [PMID: 36786561 PMCID: PMC10127579 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02761-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of microbial communities in marine sediment relies on complex biotic and abiotic interactions. Among them, the interaction between fungi and bacteria plays a crucial role building specific microbial assemblages, resulting in metabolic networks adapted to environmental conditions. The fungal-bacterial interaction (FBI) includes bacterial translocation via fungal mycelia, allowing bacterial dispersion, and ecological niche colonization. In order to demonstrate that the translocation of bacteria through fungal mycelia involves bacterial selection, the mycelia of two fungi isolated from marine coastal sediment, Alternaria destruens F10.81 and Fusarium pseudonygamai F5.76, showing different strategies for uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), homogenous internalization and vacuole forming respectively, were used to translocate bacteria through hydrophobic hydrocarbon contaminated sediments. A. destruens F10.81 selected four specific bacteria, while bacterial selection by F. pseudonygamai F5.76 was not evident. Among the bacteria selected by A. destruens F10.81, Spirochaeta litoralis, known as strictly anaerobic bacterium, was identified, indicating that A. destruens F10.81 selects and transports both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Such a result is consistent with the observed formation of anoxic micro-niches in areas surrounding and affected by fungal hyphae. Our findings provide new insights on the selection and dispersion of bacterial communities by fungi, which are crucial for the organization of microbial communities and their functioning in coastal PAH-contaminated sediments. IMPORTANCE The study provides advances for understanding fungal-bacterial relationships, particularly on the selection and dispersion of bacterial communities by fungi, which are crucial for the organization of microbial communities and their functioning in coastal PAH-contaminated sediments. The transportation of bacteria via fungal hyphae (fungal highway) results in bacterial selection; in particular, fungal hyphae offer adequate conditions for the transport of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria through hydrophobic patches for the colonization of novel niches.
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The Potential Use of Fungal Co-Culture Strategy for Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020464. [PMID: 36838429 PMCID: PMC9965835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and prolific source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with diverse chemical structures and a wide array of biological properties. In the past two decades, however, the number of new fungal SMs by traditional monoculture method had been greatly decreasing. Fortunately, a growing number of studies have shown that co-culture strategy is an effective approach to awakening silent SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungal strains to produce cryptic SMs. To enrich our knowledge of this approach and better exploit fungal biosynthetic potential for new drug discovery, this review comprehensively summarizes all fungal co-culture methods and their derived new SMs as well as bioactivities on the basis of an extensive literature search and data analysis. Future perspective on fungal co-culture study, as well as its interaction mechanism, is supplied.
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Tannous J, Labbé J, Keller NP. Identifying Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Role in Plant Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2659:193-218. [PMID: 37249895 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3159-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are the main infectious agents of plants. Secondary metabolites produced by these fungi, also recognized as natural products, are key mediators of plant-fungal interactions. Knowledge on the biosynthesis of these metabolites, the accessibility to fungal genome sequences, and the development of gene disruption techniques open up opportunities to identify many more of these metabolites both in vitro and in planta. This methodology chapter gives a detailed systematic approach aiming to discover new natural products from phytopathogenic fungi and characterize their role in triggering plant cell death and plant disease. This approach takes advantage of the global regulation of fungal secondary metabolite production by regulatory proteins reported in various fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tannous
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Jesse Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Wiconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Testing the Biocontrol Ability of a Trichoderma-Streptomycetes Consortium against Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou and Y.C. Dai in Soil. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010067. [PMID: 36675888 PMCID: PMC9864159 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brown root rot pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W. Zhou and Y.C. Dai is known to infect a large number of culturally and economically important plant species across the world. Although chemical control measures have been effective in managing this pathogen, their adverse effects on the ecosystem have limited their use. The use of biological control agents (BCAs) thus is generally accepted as an environmentally friendly way of managing various pathogens. Testing various consortia of the BCAs with different antagonistic mechanisms may even provide better disease protection than the use of a single BCA against aggressive plant pathogens such as the P. noxium. In the presented study, the wood decay experiment and the pot trial confirmed that the consortium of Trichoderma strains (#5029 and 5001) and streptomycetes (#USC-6914 and #USC-595-B) used was effective in protecting wood decay and plant disease caused by P. noxium. Among the treatments, complete elimination of the pathogen was observed when the BCAs were applied as a consortium. In addition, the BCAs used in this study promoted the plant growth. Therefore, Trichoderma and streptomycetes consortium could be used as a potential biocontrol measure to manage P. noxium infections in the field over the application of hazardous chemical control measures.
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Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides Induce Specialized Fungal Metabolite Profiles That Modulate Bacterial Growth. mSystems 2022; 7:e0105222. [PMID: 36453934 PMCID: PMC9764981 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are historically known for their role as microbial-derived signaling molecules that shape plant symbiosis with beneficial rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi. Recent studies showing that LCOs are widespread across the fungal kingdom have raised questions about the ecological function of these compounds in organisms that do not form symbiotic relationships with plants. To elucidate the ecological function of these compounds, we investigate the metabolomic response of the ubiquitous human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus to LCOs. Our metabolomics data revealed that exogenous application of various types of LCOs to A. fumigatus resulted in significant shifts in the fungal metabolic profile, with marked changes in the production of specialized metabolites known to mediate ecological interactions. Using network analyses, we identify specific types of LCOs with the most significant effect on the abundance of known metabolites. Extracts of several LCO-induced metabolic profiles significantly impact the growth rates of diverse bacterial species. These findings suggest that LCOs may play an important role in the competitive dynamics of non-plant-symbiotic fungi and bacteria. This study identifies specific metabolomic profiles induced by these ubiquitously produced chemicals and creates a foundation for future studies into the potential roles of LCOs as modulators of interkingdom competition. IMPORTANCE The activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) for the identification and characterization of novel fungal secondary metabolites is a perpetual motion in natural product discoveries. Here, we demonstrated that one of the best-studied symbiosis signaling compounds, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), play a role in activating some of these BGCs, resulting in the production of known, putative, and unknown metabolites with biological activities. This collection of metabolites induced by LCOs differentially modulate bacterial growth, while the LCO standards do not convey the same effect. These findings create a paradigm shift showing that LCOs have a more prominent role outside of host recognition of symbiotic microbes. Importantly, our work demonstrates that fungi use LCOs to produce a variety of metabolites with biological activity, which can be a potential source of bio-stimulants, pesticides, or pharmaceuticals.
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Verma S, Azevedo LCB, Pandey J, Khusharia S, Kumari M, Kumar D, Kaushalendra, Bhardwaj N, Teotia P, Kumar A. Microbial Intervention: An Approach to Combat the Postharvest Pathogens of Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3452. [PMID: 36559563 PMCID: PMC9787458 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants host diverse microbial communities, which undergo a complex interaction with each other. Plant-associated microbial communities provide various benefits to the host directly or indirectly, viz. nutrient acquisition, protection from pathogen invaders, mitigation from different biotic and abiotic stress. Presently, plant-associated microbial strains are frequently utilized as biofertilizers, biostimulants and biocontrol agents in greenhouse and field conditions and have shown satisfactory results. Nowadays, the plant/fruit microbiome has been employed to control postharvest pathogens and postharvest decay, and to maintain the quality or shelf life of fruits. In this context, the intervention of the natural fruit microbiome or the creation of synthetic microbial communities to modulate the functional attributes of the natural microbiome is an emerging aspect. In this regard, we discuss the community behavior of microbes in natural conditions and how the microbiome intervention plays a crucial role in the postharvest management of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Noida 203201, India
| | - Lucas Carvalho Basilio Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Glória—Bloco CCG, Santa Mônica 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu 333515, India
| | - Saksham Khusharia
- Kuwar SatyaVira College of Engineering and Management, Bijnor 246701, India
| | | | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, C.M.B.College, Deorh, Ghoghardiha 847402, India
| | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Nikunj Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharaj Singh College, Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Pratibha Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Noida 203201, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
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Viswanathan K, Muthusamy S. Review on the current trends and future perspectives of postbiotics for developing healtheir foods. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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D'Auria E, Acunzo M, Salvatore S, Grazi R, Agosti M, Vandenplas Y, Zuccotti G. Biotics in atopic diseases: state of the art and future perspectives. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:688-702. [PMID: 36149096 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of allergic diseases has growing in recent decades, being a significant burden for patients and their families. Different environmental factors, acting in early life, can significantly affect the timing and diversity of bacterial colonization and the immune system development. Growing evidence points to a correlation between early life microbial perturbation and development of allergic diseases. Besides, changes in the microbiota in one body site may influence other microbiota communities at distance by different mechanisms, including microbial-derived metabolites, mainly the short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Hence, there has been an increasing interest on the role of "biotics" (probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and postbiotics) in shaping dysbiosis and modulating allergic risk. Systemic type 2 inflammation is emerging as a common pathogenetic pathway of allergic diseases, intertwining communication with the gut mcirobiota. The aim of this review was to provide an update overview of the current knowledge of biotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, also addressing research gaps which need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, F. Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, F. Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Effects of Trichoderma atroviride SG3403 and Bacillus subtilis 22 on the Biocontrol of Wheat Head Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121250. [PMID: 36547583 PMCID: PMC9780869 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the major wheat diseases in the world; therefore, it is very significant to develop an effective and environmentally friendly microbial fungicide against it. Trichoderma atroviride and Bacillus subtilis are widely applied biocontrol microorganisms with separate advantages; however, little work has been conducted for synergistically elevating the effects of biocontrol and plant promotion through the co-cultivation of the two microorganisms. Our study demonstrated that T. atroviride SG3403 is compatible with B. subtilis 22. The co-culture metabolites contained a group of antagonistic compounds which were able to inhibit F. graminearum growth and increase the activities of pathogen G protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as compared with axenic culture metabolites. Additionally, the co-culture metabolites enabled us to more significantly decrease the production of gibberellin (GA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) from F. graminearum, which disorganized the subcellular structure, particularly the cytoplasm of F. graminearum hyphae, relative to the axenically cultured metabolites. Furthermore, the seed-coating agent made by the co-culture had significant effects against F. graminearum infection by triggering the expression of host plant defensive genes, including PR1, PR3, PR4, PR5, ACS, and SOD. It is suggested that jasmonic acid and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling might dominate wheat's induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wheat head blight. A dry, powdered bio-seed coating agent containing the co-culture mixtures was confirmed to be a bioavailable formulation that can be applied to control wheat head blight. Taken together, the co-culture's metabolites or the metabolites and living cells might provide a basis for the further development of a new kind of microbial bio-fungicide in the future.
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Munusamy M, Ching KC, Yang LK, Crasta S, Gakuubi MM, Chee ZY, Wibowo M, Leong CY, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Chemical elicitation as an avenue for discovery of bioactive compounds from fungal endophytes. Front Chem 2022; 10:1024854. [PMID: 36505735 PMCID: PMC9727085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1024854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the molecular phylogeny, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal endophytes obtained from the A*STAR Natural Organism Library (NOL) and previously isolated from Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 gene suggests that these isolates belong to 46 morphotypes and are affiliated to 23 different taxa in 17 genera of the Ascomycota phylum. Colletotrichum was the most dominant fungal genus accounting for 37% of all the isolates, followed by Diaporthe (13%), Phyllosticta (10.9%) and Diplodia (8.7%). Chemical elicitation using 5-azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor resulted in an increase in the number of active strains. Bioassay-guided isolation and structural elucidation yielded pestahivin and two new analogues from Bartalinia sp. F9447. Pestahivin and its related analogues did not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus but displayed strong antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis, with IC50 values ranging from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 144 ± 18 µM. Pestahivin and its two analogues furthermore exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 and MIA PACA-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.65 ± 0.12 to 42 ± 5.2 µM. The finding from this study reinforces that chemical epigenetic induction is a promising approach for the discovery of bioactive fungal secondary metabolites encoded by cryptic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Kien Yang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Crasta
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao Yan Chee
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Siew Bee Ng,
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Genome-wide association mapping reveals genes underlying population-level metabolome diversity in a fungal crop pathogen. BMC Biol 2022; 20:224. [PMID: 36209159 PMCID: PMC9548119 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungi produce a wide range of specialized metabolites (SMs) involved in biotic interactions. Pathways for the production of SMs are often encoded in clusters of tightly arranged genes identified as biosynthetic gene clusters. Such gene clusters can undergo horizontal gene transfers between species and rapid evolutionary change within species. The acquisition, rearrangement, and deletion of gene clusters can generate significant metabolome diversity. However, the genetic basis underlying variation in SM production remains poorly understood. Results Here, we analyzed the metabolite production of a large population of the fungal pathogen of wheat, Zymoseptoria tritici. The pathogen causes major yield losses and shows variation in gene clusters. We performed untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to profile the metabolite diversity among 102 isolates of the same species. We found substantial variation in the abundance of the detected metabolites among isolates. Integrating whole-genome sequencing data, we performed metabolite genome-wide association mapping to identify loci underlying variation in metabolite production (i.e., metabolite-GWAS). We found that significantly associated SNPs reside mostly in coding and gene regulatory regions. Associated genes encode mainly transport and catalytic activities. The metabolite-GWAS identified also a polymorphism in the 3′UTR region of a virulence gene related to metabolite production and showing expression variation. Conclusions Taken together, our study provides a significant resource to unravel polymorphism underlying metabolome diversity within a species. Integrating metabolome screens should be feasible for a range of different plant pathogens and help prioritize molecular studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01422-z.
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Liu H, Hao D, Li Y, Wang X, Chen J. Approaches for the establishment of optimized co-culture system of multiple Trichoderma strains for culture metabolites highly effective in cucumber growth promotion. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020077. [PMID: 36238592 PMCID: PMC9551241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, co-culture of Trichoderma and other microorganism principally takes advantage of biological control of plant diseases, which is superior to axenic culture. However, the approach to establish the optimal co-culture system of multiple Trichoderma strains was less studied, particularly for high production of microbial metabolites synergistically to promote plant growth and antagonistic activity against pathogens. The inoculation technique, fermentation kinetic modeling and response surface methodology were used to obtain the optimal inoculum sequence, fermentation time and co-culture nutrient formula. It was demonstrated that co-culture metabolites of Trichoderma strains obtained by simultaneous inoculation were more effective than those by sequence inoculation in promoting cucumber seedling growth. Furthermore, the optimal fermentation time was determined at 96–120 h by evaluating fermentation kinetic model, the activities of inhibitory potential of pathogenic Fusarium and cucumber seedling hypocotyl growth. Interestingly, the optimized nutrient formula was set to make co-culture metabolites of Trichoderma strains more effective in the plant growth promotion, which was determined through the assessment of cucumber test-tube plantlet. The components and each concentration in the optimized medium were confirmed at corn flour 16.22 g⋅L–1, potassium hydrogen phosphate 1.13 g⋅L–1, tryptophan 0.154 g⋅L–1, seaweed residue 30 g⋅L–1, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 1 g⋅L–1 and ammonium sulfate 1.5 g⋅L–1. The hypocotyl length increased in the treatment with co-culture metabolites from the optimal medium by 2.3-fold compared with control. Thus, the results provide an optimal co-culture system of Trichoderma multiple strains aiming to produce high activity of metabolites in plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Hao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Chen,
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Biodiversity and Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090979. [PMID: 36135704 PMCID: PMC9504944 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as a new and valuable reservoir of bioactive molecules of biotechnological interest and are also utilized as tools for enhancing tolerance to (a)biotic stresses in crops. In this study, the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaves of the Antarctic angiosperm Colobanthus quitensis was investigated as a new source of bioactive molecules. We isolated 132 fungal strains and taxonomically annotated 26 representative isolates, which mainly belonged to the Basidiomycota division. Selected isolates of Trametes sp., Lenzites sp., Sistotrema sp., and Peniophora sp. displayed broad extracellular enzymatic profiles; fungal extracts from some of them showed dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and its pathological mutant E46K. Selected fungal isolates were also able to promote secondary root development and fresh weight increase in Arabidopsis and tomato and antagonize the growth of pathogenic fungi harmful to crops. This study emphasizes the ecological and biotechnological relevance of fungi from the Antarctic ecosystem and provides clues to the bioprospecting of Antarctic Basidiomycetes fungi for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.
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Ntemafack A, Chouhan R, Kapoor N, Kumar A, Dhiman SK, Manhas RS, Chaubey A, Hassan QP, Gandhi SG. Protective effect of Bacillus species associated with Rumex dentatus against postharvest soil borne disease in potato tubers and GC-MS metabolite profile. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:583. [PMID: 36042050 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Potato is constantly exposed to various kinds of phytopathogens which cause diseases during the developmental stage and post-harvest storage. This investigation was designed to assay the anti-phytopathogen activity of bacterial endophytes and their suppressive effects on rot disease in potato. The study also aimed to screen isolates for their plant growth-promoting traits and establish GC-MS-based metabolite profile of the potent isolate. Endophytes were isolated from Rumex dentatus and identified based on 16S rRNA gene. They were screened in dual culture assay against fungal phytopathogens and the potent isolate was tested for its capability to suppress Fusarium rot disease in potato tubers. The mechanism of action of endophytes on the phytopathogens was assessed using scanning electron microcopy. Isolates were also screened in vitro to assay their capability to produce phytohormones, hydrolytic enzymes, and to solubilize phosphates. Endophytic isolates produced proteases with a diameter of halo zone ranging from 7 to 32 mm. Bacillus sp. KL5 exhibited the highest production of indole acetic acid (IAA) with the amount of 104.28 µg/mL and was the most potent antagonist of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae with an inhibitory percentage of 61.53 and 100%, respectively. It showed a reduction of potato rot disease severity by more than 50%. GC-MS of active fractions of KL5 showed the presence of dibutylphthalate and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol as major metabolites. From this study, it is evident that endophytic Bacillus species from R. dentatus are potent antagonists of F. oxysporum and V. dahliae. Bacillus sp. KL5 is a potent inhibitor of pathogenic F. oxysporum in potato tubers and can be developed as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Ntemafack
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Nitika Kapoor
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Shakti Kumar Dhiman
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ravi Singh Manhas
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Asha Chaubey
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, India.
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. .,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
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42
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Schüller A, Studt-Reinhold L, Strauss J. How to Completely Squeeze a Fungus-Advanced Genome Mining Tools for Novel Bioactive Substances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1837. [PMID: 36145585 PMCID: PMC9505985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal species have the capability of producing an overwhelming diversity of bioactive substances that can have beneficial but also detrimental effects on human health. These so-called secondary metabolites naturally serve as antimicrobial "weapon systems", signaling molecules or developmental effectors for fungi and hence are produced only under very specific environmental conditions or stages in their life cycle. However, as these complex conditions are difficult or even impossible to mimic in laboratory settings, only a small fraction of the true chemical diversity of fungi is known so far. This also implies that a large space for potentially new pharmaceuticals remains unexplored. We here present an overview on current developments in advanced methods that can be used to explore this chemical space. We focus on genetic and genomic methods, how to detect genes that harbor the blueprints for the production of these compounds (i.e., biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs), and ways to activate these silent chromosomal regions. We provide an in-depth view of the chromatin-level regulation of BGCs and of the potential to use the CRISPR/Cas technology as an activation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
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Sequeira P, Rothkegel M, Domingos P, Martins I, Leclercq CC, Renaut J, Goldman GH, Silva Pereira C. Untargeted Metabolomics Sheds Light on the Secondary Metabolism of Fungi Triggered by Choline-Based Ionic Liquids. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946286. [PMID: 35958129 PMCID: PMC9361774 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites constitute a rich source of yet undiscovered bioactive compounds. Their production is often silent under standard laboratory conditions, but the production of some compounds can be triggered simply by altering the cultivation conditions. The usage of an organic salt – ionic liquid – as growth medium supplement can greatly impact the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, leading to higher diversity of compounds accumulating extracellularly. This study examines if such supplements, specifically cholinium-based ionic liquids, can support the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites across three model species: Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Enriched organic extracts obtained from medium supernatant revealed high diversity in metabolites. The supplementation led apparently to increased levels of either 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate or α-aminoisobutyric acid. The extracts where bioactive against two major foodborne bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In particular, those retrieved from N. crassa cultures showed greater bactericidal potential compared to control extracts derived from non-supplemented cultures. An untargeted mass spectrometry analysis using the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking tool enabled to capture the chemical diversity driven by the ionic liquid stimuli. Diverse macrolides, among other compounds, were putatively associated with A. fumigatus; whereas an unexpected richness of cyclic (depsi)peptides with N. crassa. Further studies are required to understand if the identified peptides are the major players of the bioactivity of N. crassa extracts, and to decode their biosynthesis pathways as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Sequeira
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maika Rothkegel
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Domingos
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Martins
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Céline C. Leclercq
- Integrative Biology Platform, Environmental Research and Technology Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Integrative Biology Platform, Environmental Research and Technology Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Applied and Environmental Mycology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Cristina Silva Pereira,
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Roik A, Reverter M, Pogoreutz C. A roadmap to understanding diversity and function of coral reef-associated fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6615459. [PMID: 35746877 PMCID: PMC9629503 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical coral reefs are hotspots of marine productivity, owing to the association of reef-building corals with endosymbiotic algae and metabolically diverse bacterial communities. However, the functional importance of fungi, well-known for their contribution to shaping terrestrial ecosystems and global nutrient cycles, remains underexplored on coral reefs. We here conceptualize how fungal functional traits may have facilitated the spread, diversification, and ecological adaptation of marine fungi on coral reefs. We propose that functions of reef-associated fungi may be diverse and go beyond their hitherto described roles of pathogens and bioeroders, including but not limited to reef-scale biogeochemical cycles and the structuring of coral-associated and environmental microbiomes via chemical mediation. Recent technological and conceptual advances will allow the elucidation of the physiological, ecological, and chemical contributions of understudied marine fungi to coral holobiont and reef ecosystem functioning and health and may help provide an outlook for reef management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roik
- Corresponding author: Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. E-mail:
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, 26046, Germany,School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Pogoreutz
- Corresponding author: Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,
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45
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Grapevine Xylem Sap Is a Potent Elicitor of Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050672. [PMID: 35625316 PMCID: PMC9137808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces bacteria produce a wide number of antibiotics and antitumor compounds that have attracted the attention of pharmaceutical and biotech companies. In this study, we provide evidence showing that the xylem sap from grapevines has a positive effect on the production of different antibiotics by several Streptomyces species, including S. ambofaciens ATCC 23877 and S. argillaceus ATCC 12596 among others. The production of several already known compounds was induced: actinomycin D, chromomycin A3, fungichromin B, mithramycin A, etc., and four compounds with molecular formulas not included in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP v28.2) were also produced. The molecules present in the xylem sap that acts as elicitors were smaller than 3 kDa and soluble in water and insoluble in ether, ethyl acetate, or methanol. A combination of potassium citrate and di-D-fructose dianhydrides (related to levanbiose or inulobiose) seemed to be the main effectors identified from the active fraction. However, the level of induction obtained in the presence of these compounds mix was weaker and delayed with respect to the one got when using the whole xylem sap or the 3 kDa sap fraction, suggesting that another, not identified, elicitor must be also implied in this induction.
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46
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Abstract
Contamination of food and feed with toxin-producing fungi is a major threat in agriculture and for human health. The filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata is one of the most widespread postharvest contaminants and a weak plant pathogen. It produces a large variety of secondary metabolites with alternariol and its derivatives as characteristic mycotoxin. Other important phyto- and mycotoxins are perylene quinones (PQs), some of which have anticancer properties. Here, we discovered that the PQ altertoxin (ATX) biosynthesis shares most enzymes with the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) melanin pathway. However, melanin was formed in aerial hyphae and spores, and ATXs were synthesized in substrate hyphae. This spatial separation is achieved through the promiscuity of a polyketide synthase, presumably producing a pentaketide (T4HN), a hexaketide (AT4HN), and a heptaketide (YWA1) as products. T4HN directly enters the altertoxin and DHN melanin pathway, whereas AT4HN and YWA1 can be converted only in aerial hyphae, which probably leads to a higher T4HN concentration, favoring 1,8-DHN melanin formation. Whereas the production of ATXs was strictly dependent on the CmrA transcription factor, melanin could still be produced in the absence of CmrA to some extent. This suggests that different cues regulate melanin and toxin formation. Since DHN melanin is produced by many fungi, PQs or related compounds may be produced in many more fungi than so far assumed.
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Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Sangtarash N, Ozma MA, Karimi A, Hosseini H, Abbasi A. Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8375-8402. [PMID: 35348016 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic effects and are characterized as probiotics. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the characterization of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. The probiotics must maintain their survival against inappropriate lethal conditions of the processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and digestion system so that they can exhibit their most health effects. Conversely, probiotic metabolites (postbiotics) have successfully overcome these unfavorable conditions and may be an appropriate alternative to probiotics. Due to their specific chemical structure, safe profile, long shelf-life, and the fact that they contain various signaling molecules, postbiotics may have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive properties, inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation and antioxidative activities. Consequently, present scientific literature approves that postbiotics can mimic the fundamental and clinical role of probiotics, and due to their unique characteristics, they can be applied in an oral delivery system (pharmaceutical/functional foods), as a preharvest food safety hurdle, to promote the shelf-life of food products and develop novel functional foods or/and for developing health benefits, and therapeutic aims. This review addresses the latest postbiotic applications with regard to pharmaceutical formulations and commercial food-based products. Potential postbiotic applications in the promotion of host health status, prevention of disease, and complementary treatment are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Narges Sangtarash
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Batool R, Umer MJ, Wang Y, He K, Shabbir MZ, Zhang T, Bai S, Chen J, Wang Z. Myco-Synergism Boosts Herbivory-Induced Maize Defense by Triggering Antioxidants and Phytohormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:790504. [PMID: 35251075 PMCID: PMC8892192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.790504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocontrol strategies are the best possible and eco-friendly solution to develop resistance against O furnacalis and improve the maize yield. However, the knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms, metabolic shifts, and hormonal signaling is limited. METHODS Here, we used an axenic and a consortium of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana OFDH1-5 and a pathogen-antagonistic Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 in maize and observed that consortium applications resulted in higher chlorophyll contents and antioxidants activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), proline, protease, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] with a decrease in O. furnacalis survival. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome and an untargeted metabolome profiling for the first time at a vegetative stage in fungal inoculated maize leaves at 0-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post insect infestation. RESULTS The consortium of B. bassiana and T. asperellum leads to 80-95% of O. furnacalis mortality. A total of 13,156 differentially expressed genes were used for weighted gene coexpression network analysis. We identified the six significant modules containing thirteen candidate genes [protein kinase (GRMZM2G025459), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GRMZM5G864319), thioredoxin gene (GRMZM2G091481), glutathione S-transferase (GRMZM2G116273), patatin-like phospholipase gene (GRMZM2G154523), cytochrome P450 (GRMZM2G139874), protease inhibitor (GRMZM2G004466), (AC233926.1_FG002), chitinase (GRMZM2G453805), defensin (GRMZM2G392863), peroxidase (GRMZM2G144153), GDSL- like lipase (AC212068.4_FG005), and Beta-glucosidase (GRMZM2G031660)], which are not previously reported that are highly correlated with Jasmonic acid - Ethylene (JA-ET) signaling pathway and antioxidants. We detected a total of 130 negative and 491 positive metabolomic features using a ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Intramodular significance and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expressions showed that these genes are the true candidate genes. Consortium treated maize had higher jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the genetics, biochemicals, and metabolic diversity and are useful for future biocontrol strategies against ACB attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Insect Ecology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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49
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Pillay LC, Nekati L, Makhwitine PJ, Ndlovu SI. Epigenetic Activation of Silent Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Endophytic Fungi Using Small Molecular Modifiers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815008. [PMID: 35237247 PMCID: PMC8882859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi provides unlimited prospects to harness the secondary metabolites encoded by gene clusters for various applications, including pharmaceuticals. Amplifying these prospects is the new interest in exploring fungi living in the extremes, such as those associated with plants (fungal endophytes). Fungal species in endosymbiosis relationship with plants are recognized as the future factories of clinically relevant agents since discovering that they can produce similar metabolites as their plant host. The endophytes produce these compounds in natural environments as a defense mechanism against pathogens that infect the plant host or as a strategy for mitigating competitors. The signaling cascades leading to the expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters in the natural environment remain unknown. Lack of knowledge on regulatory circuits of biosynthetic gene clusters limits the ability to exploit them in the laboratory. They are often silent and require tailor-designed strategies for activation. Epigenetic modification using small molecular compounds that alter the chromatin network, leading to the changes in secondary metabolites profile, has achieved considerable success. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the secondary metabolite profiles expressed after treatment with various epigenetic modifiers. We first describe the regulatory circuits governing the expression of secondary metabolites in fungi. Following this, we provide a detailed review of the small molecular modifiers, their mechanism(s) of action, and the diverse chemistries resulting from epigenetic modification. We further show that genetic deletion or epigenetic inhibition of histone deacetylases does not always lead to the overexpression or induction of silent secondary metabolites. Instead, the response is more complex and often leads to differential expression of secondary metabolites. Finally, we propose using this strategy as an initial screening tool to dereplicate promising fungal species.
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50
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Chevrette MG, Himes BW, Carlos-Shanley C. Nutrient Availability Shifts the Biosynthetic Potential of Soil-Derived Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:64. [PMID: 35020062 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms are the main source of antimicrobials and other pharmaceutical drugs. Soil microbes have been the primary discovery source for these secondary metabolites, often producing complex organic compounds with specific biological activities. Research suggests that secondary metabolism broadly shapes microbial ecological interactions, but little is known about the factors that shape the abundance, distribution, and diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of microbial communities. In this study, we investigate the role of nutrient availability on the abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters in soil-derived microbial consortia. Soil microbial consortia enriched in high sugar medium (150 mg/L of glucose and 200 mg/L of trehalose) had more biosynthetic gene clusters and higher inhibitory activity than those enriched in low sugar medium (15 mg/L of glucose + 20 mg/L of trehalose). Our results demonstrate that experimental microbial communities are a promising tool to study the ecology of specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Chevrette
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Bradley W Himes
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Camila Carlos-Shanley
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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