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Mandal A, Hazra B. Medicinal plant molecules against hepatitis C virus: Current status and future prospect. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4353-4374. [PMID: 37439007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a global malady, causes acute and chronic hepatitis leading to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Modern anti-HCV therapies are efficient, but mostly inaccessible for residents of underdeveloped regions. To innovate more effective treatments at affordable cost, medicinal plant-based products need to be explored. The aim of this article is to review plant constituents in the light of putative anti-HCV mechanisms of action, and discuss existing problems, challenges, and future directions for their potential application in therapeutic settings. One hundred sixty literatures were collected by using appropriate search strings via scientific search engines: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Bibliography was prepared using Mendeley desktop software. We found a substantial number of plants that were reported to inhibit different stages of HCV life cycle. Traditional medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn., Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., and Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile exhibited strong anti-HCV activities. Again, several phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honokilol, punicalagin, and quercetin have shown broad-spectrum anti-HCV effect. We have presented promising phytochemicals like silymarin, curcumin, glycyrrhizin, and camptothecin for nanoparticle-based hepatocyte-targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, only a few animal studies have been performed to validate the anti-HCV effect of these plant products. Again, insufficient clinical evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of herbal medications remain a problem. Selected plants products could be developed as novel therapeutics for HCV patients only after scrupulous evaluation of their safety and efficacy in a clinical set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Birati, Kolkata, India
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Simo Nemg FB, De S, Keshry SS, Mamidi P, Njayou FN, Demanou M, Moundipa Fewou P, Chattopadhyay S. Plants extracts from Cameroon pharmacopeia strongly inhibit the Chikungunya virus infection by targeting entry and replication steps. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115458. [PMID: 35728708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cameroon is one of the sub-Saharan African countries affected by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). With the absence of approved treatment, this disease represents globally a major public health concern. Several plants are traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of virus induced fever and arthralgia. But to date there is no study that validate the efficacy of these plants for the treatment of Chikungunya virus infection. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the inhition effect, mechanism of action of plant extracts against Chikungunya virus. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey conducted in some regions of Cameroon, led to the identification of nine medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the healing of fever-related diseases and arthritis. Crude hydro-ethanolic extracts of each plant were prepared by maceration and their effects against CHIKV infection were investigated. CHIKV S27 strain was used to infection in Vero cell line. The antiviral activities were determined by plaque assay and/or RT-PCR targeting E1 envelope gene of CHIKV. Dose-response studies of the active plants were also determined by flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS Four extracts, Entada africana Guill et Pers. (E4), Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague (EI), Khaya grandifoliola C. D.C. Sapindales (E2) and Macaranga hurifolia Beille (E6) showed antiviral activity with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 8.29; 8.14; 12.81 and 26.89 μg/mL respectively. All extracts were nontoxic up to the concentration of 100 μg/μL. Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague (EI), Khaya grandifoliola C. D.C. Sapindales (E2), and Entada africana Guill et Pers. (E4) showed strong inhibition on the entry step of viral infection. At the same time, only Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague (EI) inhibited the viral titer significantly in replication and intercellular assembly steps. Four plant extracts namely Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague (EI), Macaranga hurifolia Beille (E6), Phragmentera capitata (Sprengel) Balle (E12), and Detarium microcarpum (E13) were effective against egression step. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results of this study showed anti-chikungunya activities of Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague (EI) and Macaranga hurifolia Beille (E6), with therapeutics perspectives and can be promising sources of the development of anti-CHIKV molecule in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Brice Simo Nemg
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, PO.BOX: 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, 751023, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Saikat De
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, 751023, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Supriya Suman Keshry
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, 751023, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, 751023, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Frederic Nico Njayou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, PO.BOX: 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Maurice Demanou
- Yellow Fever Regional Laboratory Coordinator, WHO IST West Africa, 158 Avenue de L'indépendance, 03 BP 7019, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Paul Moundipa Fewou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, PO.BOX: 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, 751023, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Saputro AH, Artarini AA, Tjahjono DH, Damayanti S. The long and stumble way to find potential active compounds from plants for defeating hepatitis B and C: review. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e85160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is a liver illness caused by virus such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B and C are considerably more usual and induce more cirrhosis and dead worldwide than hepatitis A. Although drugs that are currently often used in the medication of hepatitis B and C, the finding of recent drug from various resources including herbal has been intensively developed. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to consider the possibility of plant’s compounds as anti-HBV and anti-HCV. From the results of a review of several articles, several plant’s compound have shown effectiveness againts HBV and HCV by in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, several plant’s active compounds are possibility to be developed as anti-hepatitis B and C.
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Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. African Herbal Medicines: Adverse Effects and Cytotoxic Potentials with Different Therapeutic Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5988. [PMID: 34199632 PMCID: PMC8199769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The African continent is naturally endowed with various plant species with nutritional and medicinal benefits. About 80% of the people in developing countries rely on folk medicines to treat different diseases because of indigenous knowledge, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Extensive research studies have been conducted on the medicinal uses of African plants, however, the therapeutic potentials of some of these plants has remained unexploited. Over the years, several studies have revealed that some of these African floras are promising candidates for the development of novel drugs. Despite the plethora of studies on medicinal plant research in Africa, there is still little scientific data supporting the folkloric claims of these plants. Besides, safety in the use of folk medicines has been a major public health concern over the year. Therefore, it has become mandatory that relevant authority should take measures in safeguarding the populace on the use of herbal mixtures. Thus, the present review extracted relevant information from different scientific databases and highlighted some problems associated with folk medicines, adverse effects on reproductive systems, issue about safety due to the toxicity of some plants and their toxicity effects with potential therapeutic benefits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Ben-Amor I, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. Antiviral Activity Exerted by Natural Products against Human Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050828. [PMID: 34064347 PMCID: PMC8147851 DOI: 10.3390/v13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for several chronic and acute diseases in both humans and animals. Despite the incredible progress in human medicine, several viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respiratory syndromes, and hepatitis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. Natural products from plants or other organisms are a rich source of structurally novel chemical compounds including antivirals. Indeed, in traditional medicine, many pathological conditions have been treated using plant-derived medicines. Thus, the identification of novel alternative antiviral agents is of critical importance. In this review, we summarize novel phytochemicals with antiviral activity against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 1301 Guanguang Rd. 3F Building 1-B, Silver Star Hi-Tech Park Longhua District, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Ichrak Ben-Amor
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
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Sowa P, Marcinčáková D, Miłek M, Sidor E, Legáth J, Dżugan M. Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235517. [PMID: 33255596 PMCID: PMC7728153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants from Asteraceae family are widely used for their therapeutic effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, but the consequences of excessive intake still need to be studied. The aims of this study were the evaluation of cytotoxicity, measurement of antioxidant properties and determination of polyphenolic profile of Tanacetum vulgare L. (tansy), Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) and Solidago gigantea Ait. (goldenrod) ethanolic extracts. The cytotoxicity of extracts was monitored by xCELLigence system in real time by using porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) and by measurement of changes in metabolic activity ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay). The antioxidant properties were measured by spectrophotometric methods and polyphenolic profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD for 50% ethanol extracts (10% w/v). Strong cytotoxic effect was recorded for tansy and yarrow extracts (125-1000 µg/mL) by xCELLigence system and MTS assay. Conversely, a supportive effect on cell proliferation was recorded for goldenrod extracts (125 µg/mL) by the same methods (p < 0.001). The antioxidant activity was in good correlation with total polyphenolic content, and the highest value was recorded for goldenrod leaves, followed by tansy leaves, goldenrod flowers and yarrow leaf extracts. The goldenrod extracts were abundant with flavonoids, whereas phenolic acid derivatives predominated in the polyphenolic profile of tansy and yarrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Sowa
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-785-4820
| | - Dana Marcinčáková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Michał Miłek
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Ewelina Sidor
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dżugan
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.M.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
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Defo Deeh PB, Kayri V, Orhan C, Sahin K. Status of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Animal Production. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:586919. [PMID: 33251268 PMCID: PMC7676906 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.586919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused severe disease clusters was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. This viral disease, which is reported to originate from a seafood market where wild animals are illegally sold, has been transmitted among humans worldwide through close contact. Given the growing number of infected people worldwide and the disastrous consequences in all aspects of life, COVID-19 is a serious public health issue that requires special attention. In some countries, the epidemic curve of infection which was in the plateau phase or decreasing phase during the lockdown period increases day by day since the reopening, indicating the second phase of contamination. Therefore, the preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) must be respected to stop the spread of the disease. The international crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects many sectors, including animal production and its related industries. Indeed, with the cessation of imports and exports between countries, it is not possible to provide feeds that are considered as basic raw materials in livestock raising. This situation impairs animal movements, decreases production inputs availability, and negatively affects the economy. The sustainability of animal production is also affected by a shortage of workers due to the lockdown/curfew, the strong decrease in the purchasing power of the consumer, and the intensification of health care tasks. To prevent contamination of animal products and the spread of the disease with food, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends frequent disinfection of food and human contact surfaces at production sites using an appropriate antiseptic. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current status of COVID-19 and investigate its effects on animal production. We propose potential approaches to keep animal products processing units and staff safe from SARS-CoV-2 infection and some strategies to improve animal production quantity and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veysi Kayri
- Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 170 million. Current therapy for HCV infection includes the prolonged administration of a combination of ribavirin and PEGylated interferon-α, for over a decade. This regimen is expensive and often associated with a poor antiviral response and unwanted side effects. A highly effective combination treatment is likely required for the future management of HCV infections and entry inhibitors could play an important role. Currently, no entry inhibitor has been licensed for the prophylactic treatment of hepatitis C. Therefore, additional agents that combat HCV infection are urgently needed and must be developed. Many phytochemical constituents have been identified that display considerable inhibition of HCV at some stage of the life cycle. This review will summarise the current state of knowledge on natural products and their possible activities in the context of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Denaro M, Smeriglio A, Barreca D, De Francesco C, Occhiuto C, Milano G, Trombetta D. Antiviral activity of plants and their isolated bioactive compounds: An update. Phytother Res 2019; 34:742-768. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Clara De Francesco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giada Milano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
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Burlando B, Palmero S, Cornara L. Nutritional and medicinal properties of underexploited legume trees from West Africa. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S178-S188. [PMID: 30632774 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review concerns three legume trees (family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae) from West Africa, namely Detarium microcarpum, Parkia biglobosa and Dialium guineense, and illustrates their nutritional value and therapeutic properties. These species are an important source of nutrition for West African populations, but their agricultural exploitation is still incomplete. The survey was conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline, using scientific and common English names of the species as keywords and then selecting papers related to nutritional and medicinal properties. Main food products are fruit pulp and seeds, though leaves can also be used. Most relevant dietary features are high protein, vitamin, and micronutrient contents. Various therapeutic and nutritional benefits of these plants have been documented by ethnobotanical and experimental studies, stimulating an interest for their possible use as functional food or drug sources. Most studied medicinal properties include antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of D. microcarpum, cardiovascular protective and antidiabetic activities of P. biglobosa, and bilharzia-preventing molluscicidal activity of D. guineense. Phytochemical characterizations have revealed potential sources of active drugs, such as D. guineense saponins and D. microcarpum diterpenes. Scientific results support popular uses of these legume trees, indicating a prominent nutritional and health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Burlando
- a Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR) , University of Genova , Genova , Italy.,b Biophysics Institute , National Research Council (CNR) , Genova , Italy
| | - Silvio Palmero
- a Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR) , University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- b Biophysics Institute , National Research Council (CNR) , Genova , Italy.,c Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV) , University of Genova , Genova , Italy
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Kuete V, Fokou FW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Beng VP, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Elephantopus mollis, Kalanchoe crenata and 4 other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards human carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:280. [PMID: 28545532 PMCID: PMC5445369 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer still constitutes one of the major health concerns globally, causing serious threats on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. METHODS In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis whole plant (EMW), Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB), Kalanchoe crenata leaves (KCL), Lophira alata bark (LAB), Millettia macrophylla leaves (MML) and Phragmanthera capitata leaves (PCL) towards five human solid cancer cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts, was evaluated. Extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening of their secondary metabolite contents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of samples was evaluated using neutral red uptake (NR) assay meanwhile caspase activation was detected by caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) whilst spectrophotometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols in all extracts. The IC50 values of the best samples ranged from 3.29 μg/mL (towards DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) to 24.38 μg/mL (against small lung cancer A549 cells) for EMW, from 2.33 μg/mL (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 28.96 μg/mL (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) for KCL, and from 0.04 μg/mL (towards SPC212 cells) to 0.55 μg/mL (towards A549 cells) for doxorubicin. EMW induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by MMP loss and increased ROS production whilst KCL induced apoptosis via ROS production. CONCLUSION This study provides evidences of the cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract and highlights the good activity of Elephantopus mollis and Kalanchoe crenata. They deserve more exploration to develop novel cytotoxic drugs.
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Sahli R, Rivière C, Neut C, Bero J, Sahuc ME, Smaoui A, Beaufay C, Roumy V, Hennebelle T, Rouillé Y, Quetin-Leclercq J, Séron K, Ksouri R, Sahpaz S. An ecological approach to discover new bioactive extracts and products: the case of extremophile plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1041-1055. [PMID: 28444868 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eight extremophile plants from Tunisia were screened to find natural products with benefits in human health. METHODS These plants were collected in different areas in Tunisia. Their methanolic extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic content and for their antiradical (DPPH), antimicrobial (on 35 bacteria and one yeast), antiviral (hepatitis C virus, HCV) and cytotoxic activity (against WI38 and J774 cell lines). The most active species were subjected to a bioguided fractionation. KEY FINDINGS The screening revealed promising activity for four plants, but two species have both antiradical and antimicrobial activity: Juncus maritimus and Limonium virgatum. The rhizomes extract of J. maritimus showed the highest activity against HCV, a selective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and a moderate antiradical activity which is due to luteolin isolated in one step by centrifugal partition chromatography. The stems' and leaves' extracts of L. virgatum were rich in polyphenols responsible for the antiradical activity. Also, Limonium extracts showed an antibacterial activity with a broad spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Extremophile plants have proven to be a promising source for bioactive metabolites. They have a powerful antioxidant system highly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors and the ability to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Sahli
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France.,The Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Céline Rivière
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Sahuc
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Abderrazak Smaoui
- The Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Claire Beaufay
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Séron
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- The Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France
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13
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Tietcheu Galani BR, Njouom R, Moundipa PF. Hepatitis C in Cameroon: What is the progress from 2001 to 2016? J Transl Int Med 2016; 4:162-169. [PMID: 28191540 DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan countries and particularly in Cameroon where the prevalence rate is around 7.6% in the age group of 55-59 years. Recent investigations into this infection allowed defining a national seroprevalence, characterizing virological and biological profiles of infected patients and identifying medicinal plants of potential interest in hepatitis C therapy. However, in Cameroon, no existing report currently presents a good overview of hepatitis C research in relation to these parameters. This review seeks to discuss major findings published since 2001 that have significantly advanced our understanding of the epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis C in Cameroonian patients and highlight the major challenges that remain to overcome. We performed a systematic search in Pubmed and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating prevalence, treatment, coinfection, and genetic diversity of HCV infection in Cameroon were included. Studies suggest that HCV prevalence in Cameroon would be low (around 1.1%) with a lot of disparities according to regions and age of participants. Elders, pregnant women, blood donors, health care workers, patients on hemodialysis, and homozygous sickle cell patients have been identified as risk groups. Moreover, HCV/HBV coinfection was found more prevalent than HCV/HIV coinfection. Phylogenic studies reported circulation of three main genotypes such genotypes 1, 2, and 4 but little is known about antiviral candidates from the Cameroonian pharmacopeia. In conclusion, some epidemiological data prove that hepatitis C in Cameroon is well known but efforts are still necessary to prevent or control this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borris Rosnay Tietcheu Galani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Cameroon; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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14
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Chen SR, Wang AQ, Lin LG, Qiu HC, Wang YT, Wang Y. In Vitro Study on Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. Molecules 2016; 21:E1367. [PMID: 27754461 PMCID: PMC6274077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 200 million people worldwide, and 75% of HCV cases progress into chronic infections, which consequently cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection is treated with currently considered standard drugs, including direct anti-viral agents (DAAs), alone or in combination with peginterferon-α plus ribavirin. However, sustained viral responses vary in different cohorts, and high costs limit the broad use of DAAs. In this study, the ethanol and water extracts of 12 herbs from Lingnan in China were examined in terms of their inhibitory effect on HCV replication. Among the examined extracts, Spatholobus suberectus ethanol extracts suppressed HCV replication. By comparison, Extracts from Fructus lycii, Radix astragali (root), Rubus chingii Hu (fruit), Flos chrysanthemi Indici (flower), Cassia obtusifolia (seed), Lonicera japonica Thunb (flower), Forsythia suspense Thunb (fruit), Poria cocos (sclerotia), Carthamus tinctorius L. (flower), Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. (fruit), and Leonurus japonicas Houtt. (leaf) extracts failed to show a similar activity. Active S. suberectus fractions containing tannins as the major component also inhibited the in vitro translation of HCV RNA. The combination treatments of single compounds, such as epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate, were not as potent as crude S. suberectus fractions; therefore, crude S. suberectus extract may be a potential alternative treatment against HCV either alone or in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - An-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Hong-Cong Qiu
- Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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15
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Wahyuni TS, Utsubo CA, Hotta H. Promising Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Compounds from Natural Resources. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide problem, which involves approximately 170 million people. High morbidity of patients is caused by chronic infection, which leads to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other HCV-related diseases. The sustained virological response (SVR) has been markedly improved to be >90% by the current standard interferon (IFN)-free treatment regimens with a combination of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) targeting the viral NS3 protease, NS5A multi-function protein and NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, compared with 50–70% of SVR rates achieved by the previous standard IFN-based treatment regimens with or without an NS3 protease inhibitor. However, the emergence of DAA-resistant HCV strains and the limited access to the DAAs due to their high cost could be major concerns. Also, the long-term prognosis of patients treated with DAAs, such as the possible development of hepatocellular carcinoma, still needs to be further evaluated. Natural resources are considered to be good candidates to develop anti-HCV agents. Here, we summarize anti-HCV compounds obtained from natural resources, including medicinal plant extracts, their isolated compounds and some of their derivatives that possess high antiviral potency against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutik Sri Wahyuni
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Chie Aoki Utsubo
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Oral Vaccine and Drug Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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16
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Saigo K, Ozaki S, Ueda K, Ryo R, Tatsumi E, Yamaguchi N. [An aged patient with acute myelogenous leukemia complicated with liver cirrhosis: successful treatment with low-dose cytosine arabinoside]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1989; 83:881-891. [PMID: 2751321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 76-year-old woman, who had suffered from liver cirrhosis, was referred to our hospital because of pancytopenia. Her peripheral leukocyte count was 2,500/microliters with 43% myeloblasts, hemoglobin at 9.0 g/dl and platelet count of 0.9 x 10(4)/microliters. Aspirate from bone marrow showed hypercellular marrow with 52% myeloblasts. No chromosomal abnormality was detected. She was diagnosed as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, M2). The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was confirmed by laboratory data and findings of abdominal sonography. Moreover, she had valvular aortic stenosis. These complications made it difficult to treat her with combined chemotherapy containing anthracycline antibiotics, so she was given a small dose of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C, 10 mg/body/12 hr) for 18 days. After severe myelosuppression, complete remission was achieved. The highest serum concentration of Ara-C was obtained at 15 min after subcutaneous injection of Ara-C; thereafter the Ara-C concentration decreased immediately within 60 min in a pattern similar to that observed in patients without liver cirrhosis. Thus, low-dose Ara-C regimen might be a useful treatment for aged patients with AML, even complicated with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saigo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Kobe Kyodo Hospital
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