1
|
Zhang J, Zhang C, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Analysis of the key genes of Lactobacillus reuteri strains involved in the protection against alcohol-induced intestinal barrier damage. Food Funct 2024; 15:6629-6641. [PMID: 38812427 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier function have important effects on human health. Alcohol, an important foodborne hazard factor, damages the intestinal barrier, increasing the risk of disease. Lactobacillus reuteri strains have been reported to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation and strengthen the intestinal barrier. In this study, we selected three anti-inflammatory L. reuteri strains to evaluate their role in the protection of the intestinal barrier and their immunomodulatory activity in a mouse model of gradient alcohol intake. Among the three strains tested (FSCDJY33M3, FGSZY33L6, and FCQHCL8L6), L. reuteri FSCDJY33M3 was found to protect the intestinal barrier most effectively, possibly due to its ability to reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and increase the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-3). Genomic analysis suggested that the protective effects of L. reuteri FSCDJY33M3 may be related to functional genes and glycoside hydrolases associated with energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and DNA replication, recombination, and repair. These genes include COG2856, COG1804, COG2071, and COG1061, which encode adenine deaminase, acyl-CoA transferases, glutamine amidotransferase, RNA helicase, and glycoside hydrolases, including GH13_20, GH53, and GH70. Our results identified functional genes that may be related to protection against alcohol-induced intestinal barrier damage, which might be useful for screening lactic acid bacterial strains that can protect the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kobayashi S, Morino K, Okamoto T, Tanaka M, Ida S, Ohashi N, Murata K, Yanagimachi T, Sakai J, Maegawa H, Fujita Y, Kume S. Acetate derived from the intestinal tract has a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength in mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16047. [PMID: 38837588 PMCID: PMC11150057 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is produced by microbiota in the intestinal tract. It is an important nutrient for the intestinal epithelium, but also has a high plasma concentration and is used in the various tissues. Acetate is involved in endurance exercise, but its role in resistance exercise remains unclear. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics with and without oral acetate supplementation or fed a low-fiber diet. Antibiotic treatment for 2 weeks significantly reduced grip strength and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber compared with the control group. Intestinal concentrations of SCFAs were reduced in the antibiotic-treated group. Oral administration of acetate with antibiotics prevented antibiotic-induced weakness of skeletal muscle and reduced CSA of muscle fiber. Similarly, a low-fiber diet for 1 year significantly reduced the CSA of muscle fiber and fecal and plasma acetate concentrations. To investigate the role of acetate as an energy source, acetyl-CoA synthase 2 knockout mice were used. These mice had a shorter lifespan, reduced skeletal muscle mass and smaller CSA of muscle fiber than their wild type littermates. In conclusion, acetate derived from the intestinal microbiome can contribute to maintaining skeletal muscle performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Institutional Research Office, Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Diabetes and Endocrine MedicineKagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima‐cityJapan
| | - Takuya Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Mitsumi Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- CMIC Pharma ScienceNishiwakiJapan
| | - Shogo Ida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Koichiro Murata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki UniversityHirosaki‐sityJapan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Molecular Physiology and MetabolismTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Yasu City HospitalYasu‐cityJapan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki UniversityHirosaki‐sityJapan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lan C, Li H, Shen Y, Liu Y, Wu A, He J, Cai J, Tian G, Mao X, Huang Z, Yu B, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, Luo Y. Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets: Both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:110-122. [PMID: 38766519 PMCID: PMC11101935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of next-generation probiotics (NGP) in pigs for combating diseases has been subject to limited research. Here we explored the potential of a well-known NGP candidate Akkermansia muciniphila targeting pig gut health. In the first screening experiment, we found that the abundance of A. muciniphila peaked at 14 d old but decreased at weaning (21 d old; P < 0.05), suggesting the weaning period may be an effective window for A. muciniphila intervention. Following that, 48 crossbred weaned pigs at 28 d old were randomly assigned to five groups: control (CON), high/low live A. muciniphila (HA/LA), and high/low heat-killed A. muciniphila (HIA/LIA). From 1 to 28 d old, the CON group received gastric infusion of anaerobic sterile saline every other day; the HA and LA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL live A. muciniphila, respectively; and the HIA and LIA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL heat-killed A. muciniphila, respectively. At d 29, pigs in the CON group were randomly and equally divided into two groups, one of which was named the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, and all groups except CON received a 5-d ETEC challenge. The supplementation of A. muciniphila numerically reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs compared to the pigs that only received the ETEC challenge (P = 0.57), but the LIA group had a higher diarrhea rate than the CON group (P < 0.05). Consistent with this, the supplementation of A. muciniphila improved the small intestinal morphology and structure, proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the blood, as well as the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and antioxidant indices of pigs with ETEC challenge, especially for the LA group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, A. muciniphila supplementation reduced the expression of ETEC virulence factor genes in the ileum and colon of pigs challenged by ETEC (P < 0.05). Therefore, A. muciniphila may protect the intestinal health of weaned piglets from damage caused by ETEC infection, but the effect may vary depending on the concentration and activity of A. muciniphila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuqing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin C, Wen X, Dang G, Zhong R, Meng Q, Feng X, Liu L, Wu S, He J, Chen L, Zhang H. Modulation of pectin on intestinal barrier function via changes in microbial functional potential and bile acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109491. [PMID: 37865382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal infection in infants and in young animals due to an immature intestine and not fully developed immune functions. Pectin (PEC), a prebiotic polysaccharide, has attracted considerable attention in intestinal epithelial signaling and function via modulation of the microbial community. A total of 16 weaned piglets (21-d-old) were randomly assigned into two groups: control group and PEC group. Supplementation of 5% pectin improved intestinal mucosal barrier function by modulating the composition of the bile acid pool in piglets. Specifically, piglets in PEC group had less serum D-lactate content and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the ileum, dietary pectin increased the number of crypt PAS/AB-positive goblet cells and the mRNA expressions of MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin. Piglets in PEC group displayed a decreased abundance of Enterococcus (2.71 vs. 65.92%), but the abundances of Lactobacillus (30.80 vs. 7.93%), Streptococcus (21.41 vs. 14.81%), and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (28.34 vs. 0.01%) were increased. Elevated concentrations of bile acids especially hyocholic acid species (HCAs) including HCA, HDCA, and THDCA were also observed. Besides, correlation analysis revealed that dietary pectin supplementation may have beneficial effects through stimulation of the crosstalk between gut microbes and bile acid synthesis within the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, dietary pectin supplementation exhibited a further positive effect on the healthy growth and development of weaned piglets. These findings suggest pectin supplementation as the prebiotic is beneficial for gut health and improvement of weaned stress via regulating microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shusong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Luo Y, Kong X, Yu B, Zheng P, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Genetic- and Fiber-Diet-Mediated Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pig Colon Contents and Feces and Their Driving Factors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2370. [PMID: 37894028 PMCID: PMC10609257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies on the effects of genetics and fiber diets on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain scarce. In this study, we analyzed the profiles of ARGs in colonic contents and fecal samples of Taoyuan, Duroc, and Xiangcun pigs (n = 10) fed at different fiber levels. Through macrogenomic analysis, we identified a total of 850 unique types of ARGs and classified them into 111 drug resistance classes. The abundance of partially drug-resistant ARGs was higher in the colonic contents of local pig breeds under a large-scale farming model. ARGs were found to be widely distributed among a variety of bacteria, predominantly in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Fiber diets reduce the abundance of ARGs in colonic contents and feces, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important drivers in mediating the effect of fiber diets on the abundance of ARGs. In vitro fermentation experiments confirmed that butyric acid significantly reduced the abundance of ARGs. In summary, the results of this study enhanced our understanding of the distribution and composition of ARGs in the colon of different breeds of pigs and revealed that a fiber diet can reduce ARGs in feces through its Butyric acid, providing reference data for environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strain R, Tran TT, Mills S, Stanton C, Ross RP. A pilot study of dietary fibres on pathogen growth in an ex vivo colonic model reveals their potential ability to limit vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus expansion. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:22. [PMID: 38046819 PMCID: PMC10688796 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Dietary fibre is important for shaping gut microbiota. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of dietary fibres on pathogen performance in the presence of gut microbiota. Methods: In an ex vivo gut model, pooled faecal samples were spiked with a cocktail of representative gastrointestinal pathogens and fermented with yeast β-glucan for 24 hours, after which 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain and branched-chain fatty acid (SCFA and BCFA) analyses were performed. In addition, oat β-glucan, arabinoxylan, yeast β-glucan, and galactooligosaccharides were each tested against individual representative pathogens and pathogen growth was assessed via qPCR. Glucose served as a control carbon source. Results: Based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, yeast β-glucan selected for higher proportions of Bacteroides (P = 0.0005, ~6 fold) and Clostridia (P = 0.005, ~3.6 fold) while species of Escherichia/Shigella (P = 0.021, ~2.8 fold) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.007, ~ 15.7-fold) were higher in glucose. Pathogen relative abundance did not differ between glucose and yeast β-glucan. In the absence of pathogens, higher production of BCFAs (P = 0.002) and SCFAs (P = 0.002) fatty acids was observed for fibre group(s). For individual pathogens, yeast β-glucan increased growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes (P < 0.05), arabinoxylan increased S. typhimurium (P < 0.05). Tested fibres decreased vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (P < 0.05), with yeast β-glucan causing a 1-log reduction (P < 0.01), while galactooligosaccharides decreased L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tested fibres differentially influenced the growth of pathogens, but yeast β-glucan could represent a dietary strategy to help limit vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) expansion in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Strain
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu L, Gao Y, Ye Z, Duan H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Narbad A, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Interaction of beta-glucans with gut microbiota: Dietary origins, structures, degradation, metabolism, and beneficial function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37272431 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2217727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucan (BG), a polysaccharide comprised of interfacing glucose monomers joined via beta-glycosidic linkages, can be defined as a type of dietary fiber with high specificity based on its interaction with the gut microbiota. It can induce similar interindividual microbiota responses, thereby having beneficial effects on the human body. In this paper, we review the four main sources of BG (cereals, fungi, algae, and bacteria) and their differences in structure and content. The interaction of BG with gut microbiota and the resulting health effects have been highlighted, including immune enhancement, regulation of serum cholesterol and insulin levels, alleviation of obesity and improvement of cognitive disorders. Finally, the application of BG in food products and its beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of consumers were discussed. Although some of the mechanisms of action remain unclear, revealing the beneficial functions of BG from the perspective of gut microbiota can help provide theoretical support for the development of diets that target the regulation of microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao M, Wang B, Li L, Zhao W. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Fibers Extracted from Flaxseed Cake in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071718. [PMID: 37049557 PMCID: PMC10097256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to characterize the functional properties of flaxseed, knowledge concerning the properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers in flaxseed is still limited. Here, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers were extracted from flaxseed cake—a valuable resource that has not been fully exploited. Subsequently, their monosaccharide compositions, structural properties, and anti-obesity effects in male mice were characterized. The anti-obesity effects of flaxseed cake insoluble dietary fiber (FIDF), flaxseed cake soluble dietary fiber (FSDF), and FIDF combined with FSDF in diet-induced obese mice were investigated in our study. Supplementation with FSDF alone or FIDF and FSDF together lowered the fat accumulation, improved the serum lipid profile, increased the basal metabolism, and improved the gut microbiota of obese mice. Supplementation with FIDF and FSDF together significantly enriched the abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Bifidobacterium, which are negatively associated with obesity. Supplementation with FIDF alone improved the liver lipid profile, raised the basal metabolism, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acid levels in the guts of the mice. In conclusion, our results collectively support the therapeutic potential of FIDF and FSDF in obesity treatment and indicate that FIDF and FSDF play different roles in the process of obesity treatment. Furthermore, our results provide critical information for flaxseed cake resource exploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma L, Luo Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Guan J, Zhou T, Du Z, Yong K, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Zhong Z, Hu Y, Peng G, Shi X, Cao S. Modulating gut microbiota and metabolites with dietary fiber oat β-glucan interventions to improve growth performance and intestinal function in weaned rabbits. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1074036. [PMID: 36590438 PMCID: PMC9798315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1074036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oat β-glucan on intestinal function and growth performance of weaned rabbits were explored by multi-omics integrative analyses in the present study. New Zealand White rabbits fed oat β-glucan [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)] for 4 weeks, and serum markers, colon histological alterations, colonic microbiome, colonic metabolome, and serum metabolome were measured. The results revealed that oat β-glucan increased BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI), and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contents, but did not affect colonic microstructure. Microbiota community analysis showed oat β-glucan modulated gut microbial composition and structure, increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Pediococcus, Bacillus, etc. Oat β-glucan also increased intestinal propionic acid, valeric acid, and butyric acid concentrations, decreased lysine and aromatic amino acid (AAA) derivative contents. Serum metabolite analysis revealed that oat β-glucan altered host carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. These results suggested that oat β-glucan could inhibit systemic inflammation and protect intestinal function by regulating gut microbiota and related metabolites, which further helps to improve growth performance in weaned rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenlong Du
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Shi,
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Suizhong Cao,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdel-Haq R, Schlachetzki JCM, Boktor JC, Cantu-Jungles TM, Thron T, Zhang M, Bostick JW, Khazaei T, Chilakala S, Morais LH, Humphrey G, Keshavarzian A, Katz JE, Thomson M, Knight R, Gradinaru V, Hamaker BR, Glass CK, Mazmanian SK. A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice. eLife 2022; 11:e81453. [PMID: 36346385 PMCID: PMC9668333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, α-synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting a strong role for environmental factors, and it has been speculated that disease may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting the brain. The gut microbiome is altered in PD and may impact motor and GI symptoms as indicated by animal studies, although mechanisms of gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels of these molecules differing between PD and healthy controls and in mouse models. Among other effects, dietary microbial metabolites can modulate activation of microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated in PD. We therefore investigated whether a fiber-rich diet influences microglial function in α-synuclein overexpressing (ASO) mice, a preclinical model with PD-like symptoms and pathology. Feeding a prebiotic high-fiber diet attenuates motor deficits and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra of mice. Concomitantly, the gut microbiome of ASO mice adopts a profile correlated with health upon prebiotic treatment, which also reduces microglial activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of microglia from the substantia nigra and striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced homeostatic responses in ASO mice compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, prebiotic feeding reverses pathogenic microglial states in ASO mice and promotes expansion of protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets of microglia. Notably, depletion of microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor eliminates the beneficial effects of prebiotics by restoring motor deficits to ASO mice despite feeding a prebiotic diet. These studies uncover a novel microglia-dependent interaction between diet and motor symptoms in mice, findings that may have implications for neuroinflammation and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abdel-Haq
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Johannes CM Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Joseph C Boktor
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Thaisa M Cantu-Jungles
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University West LafayetteWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Taren Thron
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - John W Bostick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Tahmineh Khazaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Sujatha Chilakala
- Lawrence J Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Livia H Morais
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| | - Jonathan E Katz
- Lawrence J Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Matthew Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University West LafayetteWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effects of corn particle size on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102205. [PMID: 36370669 PMCID: PMC9664518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different corn particle sizes on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass processing yields and intestinal microbiota of caged broilers. One-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 8 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment and 30 birds per replicate pen. The experiment lasted 37 d. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results showed as follows: birds fed diets with the FG corn between d 1 and 13 and CG corn between d14 to 37 had increased body weight, daily gain, and feed intake (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with CG corn between d 24 to 37 had a heavier relative weight of gizzard at d 38 (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with FG corn from d 1 to 13 and the CG corn from d 14 to 37 had a higher carcass yield and a relative thigh weight at d 38 (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was significantly affected by different corn particle sizes. The relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly decreased, whereas that of Peptostreptococcaceae was increased (P < 0.05) in birds fed with the CG corn between d1 to 37. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly increased in birds fed the FG corn between d1 to 37 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FG corn in the starter phase and CG corn in the grower and finisher phases was beneficial to growth performance, gastrointestinal development and intestinal microbial structure of broilers reared in cages.
Collapse
|
12
|
Talpur MZ, Peng W, Zeng Y, Xie P, Li J, Zhang H, Shu G, Jiang Q. Effects of phenylpyruvate on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chicken. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:670-679. [PMID: 35382668 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with phenylpyruvate affected broiler growth, slaughter performance, gut health microbiota and immunity. This information can be used to develop alternative approaches to antibiotic replacement in modern poultry production and health.2. A total of 288, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (six replicates each replicate has 12 chickens). A control basal diet (NC), basal diet plus antibiotic virginiamycin 15ppm (PC), basal diet plus phenylpyruvate 1 kg/t or 2 kg/t, respectively (LCP and HCP).3. Results showed that the birds in the PC group had higher ADFI during the first 21 d, and better FCR than the NC group. Feeding LCP and HCP improved broilers' FCR by 0.001 and 0.037% compared to the NC group respectively. The HCP-fed group has a higher all-eviscerated ratio than the NC group and less abdominal fat than the birds fed LCP. The birds fed HCP has increased villus length and crypt depth in the ileum compared to the NC group.4. The bursa index was lower in the HCP group whereas the thymus index was lower in LCP and PC groups. In contrast, birds fed HCP has lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, as well as lower TLR4. Phenylpyruvate improved number in the Selenomonadaceae, genus Megamonas bacteroides spp., which are known for their beneficial effects on the maintenance of the cell surface structure, regulating aromatic amino acids and Clostridia jejuni-suppressive treatment respectively.5. It was concluded that phenylpyruvate can be utilised in feed to improve growth performance and positively modulate gut microbiota. However, this was less efficient than antibiotics in improving growth performance, although more efficient in improving productive performance and gut morphology. Moreover, a high dose of phenylpyruvate is more effective than a low dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Zulqarnain Talpur
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Peipei Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Strain R, Stanton C, Ross RP. Effect of diet on pathogen performance in the microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:13. [PMID: 38045644 PMCID: PMC10688830 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intricate interactions among commensal bacteria, dietary substrates and immune responses are central to defining microbiome community composition, which plays a key role in preventing enteric pathogen infection, a dynamic phenomenon referred to as colonisation resistance. However, the impact of diet on sculpting microbiota membership, and ultimately colonisation resistance has been overlooked. Furthermore, pathogens have evolved strategies to evade colonisation resistance and outcompete commensal microbiota by using unique nutrient utilisation pathways, by exploiting microbial metabolites as nutrient sources or by environmental cues to induce virulence gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between diet, microbiota and their associated metabolites, and how these can contribute to or preclude pathogen survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Wright ADG, Cai J, Tian G, Mao X. Differential Effect of Dietary Fibers in Intestinal Health of Growing Pigs: Outcomes in the Gut Microbiota and Immune-Related Indexes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843045. [PMID: 35273589 PMCID: PMC8902361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary fibers (DFs) have been shown to improve intestinal health in pigs, it is unclear whether this improvement varies according to the type/source of DF. In the current study, we investigated the impact of dietary supplement (15%) of pea-hull fiber (PF), oat bran (OB), and their mixture (MIX, PF, and OB each accounted for 7.5%) in the growth performance as well as intestinal barrier and immunity-related indexes in growing pigs. Twenty-four cross-bred pigs (32.42 ± 1.95 kg) were divided into four groups: CON (basal diet with no additional DF), PF, OB, and MIX. After 56 days of feeding, we found that the growth performance of PF pigs was decreased (p < 0.05) compared with pigs in other groups. Results of real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that the improvement of immune-related indexes (e.g., interleukin 10 [IL-10]) in OB and MIX pigs mainly presented in the ileum, whereas the improvement of intestinal barrier–related indexes (e.g., MUC1 and MUC2) mainly presented in the colon. Whether in the ileum or colon, such improvement of immune function may be dependent on NOD rather than TLR-associated pathways. Amplicon sequencing results showed that PF and MIX pigs shared a similar bacterial community, such as lower abundance of ileal Clostridiaceae and colonic Streptoccocus than that of CON pigs (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that OB and MIX, rather than PF, benefit the intestinal health in growing pigs, and multiple-sourced DF may reduce the adverse effect of single-soured DF on the growth performance and gut microbiota in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, He J, Li H, Lan C, Li J, Chen H, Chen D, Ren Z, Yu B, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H. Fermented Alfalfa Meal Instead of "Grain-Type" Feedstuffs in the Diet Improves Intestinal Health Related Indexes in Weaned Pigs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:797875. [PMID: 34966376 PMCID: PMC8710769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn and soybean meal are the two main components in formula feed of farm animals, leading to a serious food competition between humans and livestock. An alternative may be to encourage the utilization of unconventional feedstuff in animal diet. In the current study, we evaluated the utilization of fermented alfalfa meal (FAM) in weaned pigs. Twenty weaned piglets (separately caged) were randomly divided into two groups. Pigs in the control group (CON) were fed corn-soybean meal diet, and part of corn and soya protein concentrate in the diet of another group was replaced by 8% FAM. After 40 days of feeding, the average feed intake of FAM pigs was increased (P > 0.05), and the villus height (VH) of jejunum and duodenum, crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD in FAM pigs was improved compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). The increase (P < 0.05) of goblet cells in the jejunum of FAM pigs was positively correlated with the expression of MUC-2 gene (R = 0.9150). The expression of genes related to immunity (IRAK4, NF-κB, and IL-10) and intestinal barrier (Occludin and MUC-2) in the jejunum, as well as the expression of ZO-1 and MUC-2 in the colon of these pigs, also showed increase (P < 0.05) compared to CON pigs, which was accompanied by the decrease (P < 0.05) of LPS concentration in the serum. The elevated proportion of CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets in spleen (P < 0.05) confirmed the improvement of systemic immune function in FAM pigs. In addition, FAM pigs have a higher β-diversity of microbial community (P < 0.05) and promoted enrichment of probiotics such as Lactobacillus that positively was correlated with acetate concentration in the colon over CON pigs. In summary, partially replacement of expanded corn and soya protein concentrate with FAM (8%) may benefit the intestinal barrier and immune function of weaned pigs without affecting their growth. Our findings also provide evidence of the feasibility of FAM as a dietary component in pigs to reduce the consumption of grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Lan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Assessing the in vitro digestion of Sesbania gum, a galactomannan from S. cannabina, and subsequent impact on the fecal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
17
|
Li C, Liu Y, Gong M, Zheng C, Zhang C, Li H, Wen W, Wang Y, Liu G. Diet-induced microbiome shifts of sympatric overwintering birds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5993-6005. [PMID: 34272578 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota have a significant impact on host physiology and health, and host genetics and diet are considered as two important factors, but it is difficult to discriminate the influence of each single factor (host or diet) on gut microbiota under natural conditions. Moreover, current studies of avian microbiota mainly focus on domestic or captive birds, and it is still uncertain how host and diet take part in changing avian gut microbiota composition, diversity, and function in the wild. Here, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to identify the gut microbiota communities for sympatric wintering Great Bustards and Common Cranes at different diets. The results showed that 8.87% operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared among all sampling birds; in contrast, 39.43% of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathways were common among all individuals, indicating the existence of gut microbiota conservatism both in microbiota structure and function. Microbiota abundance and diversity differed between Great Bustards and Common Cranes in a specific wintering site, and microbiota variation was detected for the same host species under two different sites, suggesting that the change of gut microbiota was induced by both host and diet. Furthermore, we found that changes of both microbial communities and functional pathways were larger between hosts than those between diets, which revealed that host might be the dominant factor determining microbiota characteristics and function, while diet further drove the divergence of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota functions appeared to be more conserved than bacterial community structure, indicating that different bacteria may function in a similar way, while microbiota OTU diversity might not be necessarily associated with functional diversity. With diet shifting, gut microbiota changed both in terms of microbial communities and functional pathways for the sympatric birds, which implies that avian habitats and their physiological microbiota would be influenced by different farmland management regimes. KEY POINTS: • Gut microbiota can be shaped by both diets and hosts in sympatric species. • Host was the dominant factor shaping the gut microbiota communities and functional pathways. • Gut microbiota were conservative both in structure and in function, but more conservative in function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Minghao Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wanyu Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou H, Sun J, Yu B, Liu Z, Chen H, He J, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Luo Y, Yan H, Ge L, Chen D. Gut microbiota absence and transplantation affect growth and intestinal functions: An investigation in a germ-free pig model. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:295-304. [PMID: 34258417 PMCID: PMC8245803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate host–microbiota interactions and explore the effects of maternal gut microbiota transplantation on the growth and intestinal functions of newborns in a germ-free (GF) pig model. Twelve hysterectomy-derived GF Bama piglets were reared in 6 sterile isolators. Among them, 6 were considered as the GF group, and the other 6 were orally inoculated with healthy sow fecal suspension as fecal microbiota transplanted (FMT) group. Another 6 piglets from natural birth were regarded as the conventional (CV) group. The GF and FMT groups were hand-fed with Co60-γ-irradiated sterile milk powder, while the CV group was reared by lactating Bama sows. All groups were fed for 21 days. Then, all piglets and then were switched to sterile feed for another 21 days. Results showed that the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the GF group decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the serum urea nitrogen concentration and digesta pH values in the GF group increased compared with those in the FMT and CV groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the CV group, the GF group demonstrated upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier function-related genes in the small intestine (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA abundances of intestinal development and absorption-related genes in the small intestine and colon were higher in the GF group than in the CV and FMT groups (P < 0.05). The FMT group exhibited greater growth performance, lipase activity, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05), higher mRNA expression levels of intestinal development and barrier-related genes in the small intestine (P < 0.05), and lower mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory factor in the colon and jejunum (P < 0.05) than the CV group. In conclusion, the absence of gut microbes impaired the growth and nutrient digestibility, and healthy sow gut microbiota transplantation increased the growth and nutrient digestibility and improved the intestinal development and barrier function of newborn piglets, indicating the importance of intestinal microbes for intestinal development and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Nutritional Significance of Intestinal Fungi: Alteration of Dietary Carbohydrate Composition Triggers Colonic Fungal Community Shifts in a Pig Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00038-21. [PMID: 33712429 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00038-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates represent the most important energy source in the diet of humans and animals. A large number of studies have shown that dietary carbohydrates (DCHO) are related to the bacterial community in the gut, but their relationship with the composition of intestinal fungi is still unknown. Here, we report the response of the colonic fungal community to different compositions of DCHO in a pig model. Three factors, ratio (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP), level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 1%, 2%, and 3%), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS; 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg body weight), were considered according to an L9 (34) orthogonal design to form nine diets with different carbohydrate compositions. Sequencing based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region showed that the fungal community in the colon of the pigs responded to DCHO in the order of MOS, AM/AP, and NSP. A large part of some low-abundance fungal genera correlated with the composition of DCHO, represented by Saccharomycopsis, Mrakia, Wallemia, Cantharellus, Eurotium, Solicoccozyma, and Penicillium, were also associated with the concentration of glucose and fructose, as well as the activity of β-d-glucosidase in the colonic digesta, suggesting a role of these fungi in the degradation of DCHO in the colon of pigs. Our study provides direct evidence for the relationship between the composition of DCHO and the fungal community in the colon of pigs, which is helpful to understand the function of gut microorganisms in pigs.IMPORTANCE Although fungi are a large group of microorganisms along with bacteria and archaea in the gut of monogastric animals, the nutritional significance of fungi has been ignored for a long time. Our previous studies revealed a distinct fungal community in the gut of grazing Tibetan pigs (J. Li, D. Chen, B. Yu, J. He, et al., Microb Biotechnol 13:509-521, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13507) and a close correlation between fungal species and short-chain fatty acids, the main microbial metabolites of carbohydrates in the hindgut of pigs (J. Li, Y. Luo, D. Chen, B. Yu, et al., J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 104:616-628, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13300). These groundbreaking findings indicate a potential relationship between intestinal fungi and the utilization of DCHO. However, no evidence directly proves the response of intestinal fungi to changes in DCHO. Here, we show a clear alteration of the colonic fungal community in pigs triggered by different compositions of DCHO simulated by varied concentrations of starch, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), and oligosaccharides. Our results highlight the potential involvement of intestinal fungi in the utilization of nutrients in monogastric animals.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fernandez-Julia PJ, Munoz-Munoz J, van Sinderen D. A comprehensive review on the impact of β-glucan metabolism by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as members of the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:877-889. [PMID: 33864864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides which can be obtained from different sources, and which have been described as potential prebiotics. The beneficial effects associated with β-glucan intake are that they reduce energy intake, lower cholesterol levels and support the immune system. Nevertheless, the mechanism(s) of action underpinning these health effects related to β-glucans are still unclear, and the precise impact of β-glucans on the gut microbiota has been subject to debate and revision. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances involving structurally different types of β-glucans as fermentable substrates for Bacteroidetes (mainly Bacteroides) and Bifidobacterium species as glycan degraders. Bacteroides is one of the most abundant bacterial components of the human gut microbiota, while bifidobacteria are widely employed as a probiotic ingredient. Both are generalist glycan degraders capable of using a wide range of substrates: Bacteroides spp. are specialized as primary degraders in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates, whereas Bifidobacterium spp. more commonly metabolize smaller glycans, in particular oligosaccharides, sometimes through syntrophic interactions with Bacteroides spp., in which they act as secondary degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Fernandez-Julia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Munoz-Munoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of rearing system and narasin on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, and gut microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100840. [PMID: 33531152 PMCID: PMC7936129 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 3 rearing systems (FL: flooring litter rearing, MC: multilayer cage rearing, PN: plastic net rearing) with or without supplemental narasin on growth performance, gastrointestine development and health of broilers. A total of 2,400 one-day-old Ross 308 mixed-sex broilers (1:1 ratio of males and females) were used in a completely randomized design utilizing a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment. Each replicate for FL, MC, and PN consisted of 34 birds per floor pen, 30 birds per cage, and 36 birds per net pen, respectively, ensuring the same stocking density (12 birds/m2) across the 3 systems. Results showed that lower ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake), and FCR (feed conversation ratio) observed in the MC group than those of the other 2 systems from 1 to 36 d of age (P < 0.05). Narasin inclusion in the diets decreased ADFI and FCR significantly (P < 0.05). Multilayer cage and PN rearing systems reduced the relative weight of the gizzard significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with FL, MC reduced the relative weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of the ileal IL-1β and IFN-γ in FL were higher than those in PN and MC (P < 0.05). Narasin decreased the ileal mRNA expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05). Different rearing systems changed the ileal microflora structure of broilers. The FL system increased the ileal microbial diversity of broilers and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Narasin combined with MC increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. In conclusion, birds reared in PN had a higher body weight. The MC birds had poorer intestinal development and health condition, higher abundance of Proteobacteria, but better FCR. The FL rearing appeared to be propitious for gastrointestinal development and health. Narasin inclusion in the diets improved FCR and changed the relative abundance Proteobacteria of broilers.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mou D, Li S, Yan C, Zhang Q, Li J, Wu Q, Qiu P, He Y, Li Y, Liu H, Jiang X, Zhao X, Zhuo Y, Feng B, Lin Y, Fang Z, Xu S, Li J, Che L, Wu D. Dietary fiber sources for gestation sows: Evaluations based on combined in vitro and in vivo methodology. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Zhou H, Yu B, He J, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Luo Y, Yan H, Chen D. The Optimal Combination of Dietary Starch, Non-Starch Polysaccharides, and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Increases the Growth Performance and Improves Butyrate-Producing Bacteria of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101745. [PMID: 32992960 PMCID: PMC7600330 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Information about the optimal carbohydrate combination for pigs is scarce. This present study explored the effects of different combinations of starch, non-starch polysaccharides, and mannan-oligosaccharide on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial communities in weaned pigs, which contributed a novel way of evaluating the carbohydrate quality of the diet for pigs. Abstract The present experiment was conducted to dissect the effects of different carbohydrate combinations on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial communities in weaned pigs. The combination was optimized by constructing L9(34) orthogonal design. Three factors include starch (amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio 2:1, 1:1, 1:2), non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (1%, 2%, 3%, a mixture of inulin with cellulose by 1:1), and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) (400, 800, 1200 mg/kg) were investigated and nine combinations were implemented under different levels of these factors. One hundred and sixty-two weaned pigs were randomly assigned to nine dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. Results exhibited that different combinations of starch, NSP, and MOS affected the gain to feed (G:F) (p < 0.05), diarrhea incidence (p < 0.10), nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05), microbial communities, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations (p < 0.05). In the present study, taking into account three-way ANOVA, range, and direct analysis, we found that the optimal carbohydrate combination was starch AM/AP 1:1, NSP 3%, MOS 400 mg/kg for weaned pigs. Moreover, feeding this combination diet could promote the growth performance and nutrient digestibility, increase the butyrate-producing bacteria, and to some extent improve lipid metabolism. This study provided a novel way to evaluate the carbohydrate quality in swine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.H.); (X.M.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-835-288-2088
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Korczak R, Kocher M, Swanson KS. Effects of oats on gastrointestinal health as assessed by in vitro, animal, and human studies. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:343-363. [PMID: 31638148 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oats are uniquely nutritious, owing to their composition of bioactive compounds, lipids, and β-glucan. Scientific research has established that oats can improve diet quality, reduce cholesterol, regulate satiety, and protect against carcinogenesis in the colon; however, determining the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health and the gut microbiome is a newer, evolving area of research. To better understand the effects of oats on gastrointestinal health in humans, a literature review with predefined search criteria was conducted using the PubMed database and keywords for common gastrointestinal health outcomes. Moreover, to examine the gastrointestinal effects of oats across the scientific spectrum, a similar search strategy was executed to identify animal studies. In vitro studies were identified from the reference lists of human and animal studies. A total of 8 human studies, 19 animal studies, and 5 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The evidence in humans shows beneficial effects of oats on gastrointestinal health, with supportive evidence provided by in vitro and animal studies. The effective dose of oats varies by type, although an amount providing 2.5 to 2.9 g of β-glucan per day was shown to decrease fecal pH and alter fecal bacteria. For oat bran, 40 to 100 g/d was shown to increase fecal bacterial mass and short-chain fatty acids in humans. Differences in study design, methodology, and type of oats tested make valid comparisons difficult. The identification of best practices for the design of oat studies should be a priority in future research, as the findings will be useful for determining how oats influence specific indices of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the human gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Korczak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Kocher
- University of Minnesota Libraries, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Role of Arginine in Disease Prevention, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Growth Performance and the Immune System of Broiler Chicken – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of dietary arginine on disease prevention, immune system modulation, the gut micro-biota composition and growth of broiler chicken was reviewed. The main aim of poultry production is the maximization of profit at the least possible cost. This objective can mainly be achieved by ensuring that there is no interference in growth or disease outbreak and by feeding chicken with the best possible level of nutrients. With the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, attention is shifted towards other nutrition methods to prevent diseases and promote growth. More attention is therefore given to protein diets in animal nutrition due to their importance as essential part of active biological compounds in the body, assisting in the breakdown of body tissue and helping in the physiological processes of the animal. Arginine plays important function in serving as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides. It performs other roles during the regulation of important biochemical functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Arginine cannot be synthesized by the body so it has to be supplemented in the diet. When arginine is supplemented above the recommended level, the gut mucosa is protected, immunosuppression is alleviated, diseases like necrotic enteritis, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis in broiler chickens are prevented. There is an improvement in growth resulting from the increase in intestinal absorption, barrier function and microbiota composition.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao Y, Yang L, Chin Y, Liu F, Li RW, Yuan S, Xue C, Xu J, Tang Q. Astaxanthin n-Octanoic Acid Diester Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062149. [PMID: 32245087 PMCID: PMC7139465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin n-octanoic acid diester (AOD) is a type of astaxanthin connecting medium-chain fatty acids with a more stable structure. In this study, we examined the role of AOD in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFD) as well as its effect on modulating gut microbiota in mice, with free astaxanthin (AST) as a comparison. Four groups of male C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks old; n = 10 per group) were fed with a normal control diet (NC), HFD orally administered with AOD, AST (50 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle for 8 weeks. AOD improved glucose tolerance, IR, systematic and intestinal inflammation, and intestinal integrity better than AST. Further, both AOD and AST modulated gut microbiota. A significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides and Coprococcus was found in AOD than in AST, and the predicted pathway of carbohydrate metabolism was significantly impacted by AOD. Overall, AOD may play a role in alleviating IR and inflammation with the modulating effect on microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Our findings could facilitate the development of AOD as a bioactive nutraceutical and more stable alternative to AST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaoxian Chin
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Robert W. Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics and Improvement, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shihan Yuan
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Q.T.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597 (J.X. & Q.T.)
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Q.T.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-2597 (J.X. & Q.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Martínez-Mota R, Kohl KD, Orr TJ, Denise Dearing M. Natural diets promote retention of the native gut microbiota in captive rodents. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:67-78. [PMID: 31495829 PMCID: PMC6908644 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild animals entering captivity experience radical lifestyle changes resulting in microbiome alterations. However, little is known about the factors that drive microbial community shifts in captivity, and what actions could mitigate microbial changes. Using white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula), we tested whether offering natural diets in captivity facilitates retention of native microbial communities of captive animals. Wild-caught woodrats were brought to laboratory conditions. Woodrats received either a natural diet of Opuntia cactus or an artificial diet of commercial chow over three weeks. Microbial inventories from woodrat feces at the time of capture and in captivity were generated using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that providing woodrats with wild-natural diets significantly mitigated alterations in their microbiota, promoting a 90% retention of native microbial communities across the experiment. In contrast, the artificial diet significantly impacted microbial structure to the extent that 38% of the natural microflora was lost. Core bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum were lost, and abundances of microbes related to oxalate degradation decreased in individuals fed artificial but not natural diets. These results highlight the importance of supplementing captive diets with natural foods to maintain native microbiomes of animals kept in artificial conditions for scientific or conservation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Martínez-Mota
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Teri J Orr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han X, Shao H, Wang Y, Hu A, Chen R, Chen Q. Composition of the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tract of Kunming mice. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
29
|
Soluble Fiber and Insoluble Fiber Regulate Colonic Microbiota and Barrier Function in a Piglet Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7809171. [PMID: 31950054 PMCID: PMC6944961 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7809171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on colonic bacteria and intestinal barrier function in a piglet model. A total of 24 piglets (25 ± 1 d old; 7.50 ± 0.31 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments: basal diet (control, CON), 1% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) diet, 1% soluble dietary fiber (SDF) diet, and 0.5% insoluble fiber + 0.5% soluble dietary fiber (MDF) diet. The trial lasted 28 days. SDF-fed piglets showed a higher (P < 0.05) bacterial a-diversity (observed_species, chao1, and ACE) and a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, Solobacterium, Succinivibrio, Blautia, and Atopobium in colonic digesta than CON, IDF, and MDF groups (P < 0.05). At the same time, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Phascolarctobacterium, Coprococcus_1, and Prevotella_1 were significantly increased in the IDF group when compared with CON, SDF, and MDF groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae, Selenomonas, Phascolarctobacterium, and Alloprevotella(P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the MDF group than those in the other three groups (P < 0.05). SDF diet increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in colonic digesta (P < 0.05) when compared with the CON group and enhanced weight index of the colon (P < 0.05) than the CON and IDF groups. Furthermore, compared with the CON group, SDF, IDF, and MDF diets all upregulated the mRNA expressions of claudin-1 (CLDN-1) in colonic mucosa (P < 0.05), SDF and IDF diets upregulated the mRNA expressions of mucin 2 (MUC2) (P < 0.05), SDF diet increased mRNA expressions of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN), while the IDF group enhanced the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations (P < 0.05), respectively. IDF and MDF diets decreased expressions of TNF-α(P < 0.05). We concluded that the influence of soluble fiber on colonic microbiota was more extensive than that of insoluble fiber. Moreover, soluble fiber could more effectively improve colonic barrier function by upregulating gene expressions of the gut barrier.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen X, Fang S, Wei L, Zhong Q. Systematic evaluation of the gut microbiome of swamp eel ( Monopterus albus) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8176. [PMID: 31875148 PMCID: PMC6927349 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a commercially important farmed species in China. The dysbiosis and homeostasis of gut microbiota has been suggested to be associated with the swamp eel’s disease pathogenesis and food digestion. Although the contributions of gut microbiome in fish growth and health has been increasingly recognized, little is known about the microbial community in the intestine of the swamp eel (Monopterus albus). Methods The intestinal microbiomes of the five distinct gut sections (midgut content and mucosa, hindgut content and mucosa, and stools) of swamp eel were compared using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence and statistical analysis. Results The results showed that the number of observed OTUs in the intestine decreased proximally to distally. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant separations among samples from different gut sections. There were 54 core OTUs shared by all gut sections and 36 of these core OTUs varied significantly in their abundances. Additionally, we discovered 66 section-specific enriched KEGG pathways. These section-specific enriched microbial taxa (e.g., Bacillus, Lactobacillus) and potential function capacities (e.g., amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism) might play vital roles in nutrient metabolism, immune modulation and host-microbe interactions of the swamp eel. Conclusions Our results showed that microbial diversity, composition and function capacity varied substantially across different gut sections. The gut section-specific enriched core microbial taxa and function capacities may perform important roles in swamp eel’s nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, and host-microbe interactions. This study should provide insights into the gut microbiome of the swamp eel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Yang Y, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Feng B, Xu S, Li J, Wu D. Maternal Dietary Fiber Composition during Gestation Induces Changes in Offspring Antioxidative Capacity, Inflammatory Response, and Gut Microbiota in a Sow Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010031. [PMID: 31861629 PMCID: PMC6981455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of maternal dietary fiber composition during gestation on offspring antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition, we randomly assigned 64 gilts to four treatments and administered diets with an insoluble/soluble fiber ratio of 3.89 (R1), 5.59 (R2), 9.12 (R3), and 12.81 (R4). Sow samples (blood and feces at gestation 110) and neonatal samples (blood, liver, and colonic contents) were collected. The results showed that sows and piglets in R1 and R2 had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower pro-inflammatory factor levels than those in R3 and R4. Moreover, piglets in R1 and R2 had higher liver mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and lower NF-κB than piglets in R4. Interestingly, maternal fiber composition not only affected the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in sow feces but also influenced the concentrations of SCFAs in the neonatal colon. Results of high-throughput sequencing showed that piglets as well as sows in R1 and R2 had microbial community structures distinct from those in R3 and R4. Therefore, the composition of dietary fiber in pregnancy diet had an important role in improving antioxidant capacity and decreasing inflammatory response of mothers and their offspring through modulating the composition of gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
32
|
Joyce SA, Kamil A, Fleige L, Gahan CGM. The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Oats and Oat Beta Glucan: Modes of Action and Potential Role of Bile Acids and the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2019; 6:171. [PMID: 31828074 PMCID: PMC6892284 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of sufficient quantities of oat products has been shown to reduce host cholesterol and thereby modulate cardiovascular disease risk. The effects are proposed to be mediated by the gel-forming properties of oat β-glucan which modulates host bile acid and cholesterol metabolism and potentially removes intestinal cholesterol for excretion. However, the gut microbiota has emerged as a major factor regulating cholesterol metabolism in the host. Oat β-glucan has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota, particularly those bacterial species that influence host bile acid metabolism and production of short chain fatty acids, factors which are regulators of host cholesterol homeostasis. Given a significant role for the gut microbiota in cholesterol metabolism it is likely that the effects of oat β-glucan on the host are multifaceted and involve regulation of microbe-host interactions at the gut interface. Here we consider the potential for oat β-glucan to influence microbial populations in the gut with potential consequences for bile acid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, bacterial metabolism of cholesterol and microbe-host signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alison Kamil
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Fleige
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, United States
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Omidi S, Ebrahimi M, Janmohammadi H, Moghaddam G, Rajabi Z, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B. The impact of in ovo injection of l-arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:178-185. [PMID: 31587369 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%-0.5% l-arginine (100 eggs), 2%-1% l-arginine (100 eggs), 3- control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50 eggs) and control (no injection; 50 eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% l-arginine, 1% l-arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30 days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30 days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of l-arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (p > .05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of l-arginine increased caecal Lactobacillus (p < .01), while decreasing Coliform and Escherichia Coli bacteria (p < .01). However, treatments did not influence caecal Enterococcus (p > .05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% l-arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Omidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zolfaghar Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen J, Yu B, Chen D, Zheng P, Luo Y, Huang Z, Luo J, Mao X, Yu J, He J. Changes of porcine gut microbiota in response to dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8157-8168. [PMID: 31401751 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGA), the most abundant natural polyphenol present in human diet and plants, have attracted considerable research interest because of their broad bioactivities including the antimicrobial activity. However, little is known about their influences on intestinal bacterial communities. Here, we described a response in intestinal microbiome to CGA using a porcine model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allotted to two groups and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 1000 mg/kg CGA. Results showed that CGA significantly increased the length of the small intestine (P < 0.05) and enhanced the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and the concentration of MHC-II in the jejunal and ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). Moreover, the acetate concentration in ileum and cecum digesta, and the propionate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum digesta, were significantly elevated by CGA (P < 0.05). Interestingly, CGA significantly increased the total 16S rRNA gene copies and bacterial alpha diversity in the cecum (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of bacteria from phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was increased in the cecum digesta (P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of bacteria from phylum Protebacteria was decreased by CGA (P < 0.05). Importantly, pigs on CGA-containing diet had higher abundance of Lactobacillus spp., Prevotella spp., Anaerovibrio spp., and Alloprevotella spp. in the cecum (P < 0.05). Not only did our study suggest a synergic response of intestinal barrier function and microbiota to the CGA, but the result will also contribute to understanding of the mechanisms behind the CGA-modulated gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng Z, Liao Y, Chen L, Liu S, Shan Z, Nüssler AK, Yao P, Yan H, Liu L, Yang W. Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates low-dose of deoxynivalenol-induced liver inflammation potentially associating with microbiota. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Okamoto T, Morino K, Ugi S, Nakagawa F, Lemecha M, Ida S, Ohashi N, Sato D, Fujita Y, Maegawa H. Microbiome potentiates endurance exercise through intestinal acetate production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E956-E966. [PMID: 30860879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00510.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from dietary fiber and has specific effects on other organs. During endurance exercise, fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids are major energy substrates. However, little is known about the role of SCFAs during exercise. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics or a low microbiome-accessible carbohydrate (LMC) diet, before endurance testing on a treadmill. Two-week antibiotic treatment significantly reduced endurance capacity versus the untreated group. In the cecum acetate, propionate, and butyrate became almost undetectable in the antibiotic-treated group, plasma SCFA concentrations were lower, and the microbiome was disrupted. Similarly, 6-wk LMC treatment significantly reduced exercise capacity, and fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations. Continuous acetate but not saline infusion in antibiotic-treated mice restored their exercise capacity (P < 0.05), suggesting that plasma acetate may be an important energy substrate during endurance exercise. In addition, running time was significantly improved in LMC-fed mice by fecal microbiome transplantation from others fed a high microbiome-accessible carbohydrate diet and administered a single portion of fermentable fiber (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the microbiome can contribute to endurance exercise by producing SCFAs. Our findings provide new insight into the effects of the microbiome on systemic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
- CMIC Pharma Science, Osaka , Japan
| | - Mengistu Lemecha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Shogo Ida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang L, Ouyang Y, Li H, Shen L, Ni Y, Fang Q, Wu G, Qian L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Yin P, Panagiotou G, Xu G, Ye J, Jia W. Metabolic phenotypes and the gut microbiota in response to dietary resistant starch type 2 in normal-weight subjects: a randomized crossover trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4736. [PMID: 30894560 PMCID: PMC6426958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has been reported to reduce body fat in obese mice. However, this effect has not been demonstrated in humans. In this study, we tested the effects of RS in 19 volunteers with normal body weights. A randomized, double-blinded and crossover design clinical trial was conducted. The study subjects were given either 40 g high amylose RS2 or energy-matched control starch with three identical diets per day throughout the study. The effect of RS was evaluated by monitoring body fat, glucose metabolism, gut hormones, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and metabolites. The visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were significantly reduced following RS intake. Acetate and early-phase insulin, C-peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion were increased, and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were decreased after the RS intervention. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, certain gut microbes were significantly decreased after RS supplementation, whereas the genus Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 showed an increase in abundance. Other potential signatures of the RS intervention included Akkermansia, Ruminococcus_2, Victivallis, and Comamonas. Moreover, the baseline abundance of the genera Streptococcus, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Eubacterium_hallii_group, and Eubacterium_eligens_group was significantly associated with the hormonal and metabolic effects of RS. These observations suggest that a daily intake of 40 g of RS is effective in modulating body fat, SCFAs, early-phase insulin and GLP-1 secretion and the gut microbiota in normal-weight subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences and Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Group, School of Biological Sciences and Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jianping Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolic parameters after dietary intervention with barley beta glucans in patients with high risk for metabolic syndrome development. Anaerobe 2019; 55:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Li X, Chen P, Zhang P, Chang Y, Cui M, Duan J. Protein‐Bound β‐glucan from Coriolus Versicolor has Potential for Use Against Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801231. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yifan Chang
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mingxu Cui
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyNorthwest A&F University Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhai X, Lin D, Zhao Y, Li W, Yang X. Effects of Dietary Fiber Supplementation on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Diversity in C57BL/6J Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12706-12718. [PMID: 30411889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work was to assess possible impacts of novel insoluble fiber 8% bacterial cellulose (BC), soluble fiber 8% konjac glucomannan (KGM), and their mixture (4% BC/4% KGM) on fatty acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota of C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed mice receiving the dietary fibers (DFs) for 16 weeks exhibited an improvement in lipid-associated cytokines and a decrease in inflammation factors, which was associated with the improved hepatic and serum fatty acid composition. The DFs, notably the mixed BC/KGM, elevated the HFD-caused decrease in the contents of acetic acid (from 23.9 ± 0.85 to 32.2 ± 0.84 mM/g; p < 0.05), propionic acid (from 6.53 ± 0.28 to 12.8 ± 0.58 mM/g; p < 0.05), and butyric acid (from 7.73 ± 0.43 to 13.5 ± 0.47 mM/g; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mixed BC/KGM significantly decreased the abundance of Firmicutes (from 90.4 to 67.6%) and Mucispirillum (from 4.77 to 1.58%) and dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes (from 7.83 to 25.0%) and Akkermansia (from 0.69 to 2.80%) in the gut of HFD-fed mice at the genus level. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that the multiplicity of gut microbiota was useful in sustaining colonic integrity through producing short-chain fatty acids to some extent. This finding suggests that a mixture of insoluble BC and soluble KGM has positive effects on modulation of the intestinal microecosystem in mice.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang B, Lv Z, Li Z, Wang W, Li G, Guo Y. Dietary l-arginine Supplementation Alleviates the Intestinal Injury and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1716. [PMID: 30108569 PMCID: PMC6080643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous reports suggested that Dietary l-arginine supplementation attenuated gut injury of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens by enhancing intestinal immune responses, absorption and barrier function, but its effect on the gut microbiome of broiler chickens remains unclear. This experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of Dietary l-arginine supplementation on the gut bacterial community composition and function of broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens. In total, 105 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens were assigned to three groups: Control (CTL), C. perfringens-challenged (CP), and C. perfringens-challenged and fed diet supplemented with 0.3% l-arginine (ARGCP) groups. The challenge led to macroscopic and histomorphological gut lesions, decreased villus height and increased the number of Observed species, Shannon, Chao1 and ACE indices of ileal microbiota, whereas l-arginine addition reversed these changes. Moreover, the three treatments harbored distinct microbial communities (ANOSIM, P < 0.05). At the genus level, 24 taxa (e.g., Nitrosomonas spp., Coxiella spp., Ruegeria spp., and Thauera spp.) were significantly more abundant in CP group than in CTL group (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of 23 genera of them were significantly decreased by l-arginine supplementation (P < 0.05). The abundances of only 3 genera were different between CTL and ARGCP groups (P < 0.05). At the species level, the challenge promoted the relative abundance of Nitrospira sp. enrichment culture clone M1-9, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Nitrospira bacterium SG8-3, and Pseudomonas veronii, which was reversed by l-arginine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the challenge decreased the levels of Lactobacillus gasseri (P < 0.05). Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities by PICRUSt showed that compared with CP group, ARGCP group had enriched pathways relating to membrane transport, replication and repair, translation and nucleotide metabolism and suppressed functions corresponding to amino acid and lipid metabolisms (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of KEGG pathways in l-arginine-fed broilers were almost equal to those of the controls. In conclusion, l-arginine alleviated the gut injury and normalized the ileal microbiota of C. perfringens-challenged chickens to resemble that of unchallenged controls in terms of microbial composition and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sima P, Vannucci L, Vetvicka V. β-glucans and cholesterol (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1799-1808. [PMID: 29393350 PMCID: PMC5810204 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β-glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various natural sources, such as mushrooms. Due to their structure they are able to interact with innate immunity receptors, however they also act as dietary fibers in the digestive tract. As there are two forms of β-glucans, insoluble and soluble forms, they are able to interact with lipids and biliary salts in the bowel and consequently reduce cholesterol levels. Therefore, they may be developed as a suitable therapeutic option to treat patients with dyslipidemia, as they are natural molecules that do not induce any significant side effects. The current review discusses the evidence supporting the effects of β-glucans on cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Luo J, Han L, Liu L, Gao L, Xue B, Wang Y, Ou S, Miller M, Peng X. Catechin supplemented in a FOS diet induces weight loss by altering cecal microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells. Food Funct 2018; 9:2962-2969. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study showed that catechin controlled rats’ body weights by altering gut microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells when supplemented into a high-fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- USA
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ahmadi S, Mainali R, Nagpal R, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M, Soleimanian-Zad S, Wang S, Deep G, Kumar Mishra S, Yadav H. Dietary Polysaccharides in the Amelioration of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Metabolic Diseases. OBESITY & CONTROL THERAPIES : OPEN ACCESS 2017; 4. [PMID: 30474051 DOI: 10.15226/2374-8354/4/2/00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and cancer has evolved into a global epidemic over the last century. The rate of these disorders is continuously rising due to the lack of effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This warrants for the development of novel strategies that could help in the prevention, treatment and/ or better management of such disorders. Although the complex pathophysiology of these metabolic diseases is one of the major hurdles in the development of preventive and/or therapeutic strategies, there are some factors that are or can speculated to be more effective to target than others. Recently, gut microbiome has emerged as one of the major contributing factors in metabolic diseases, and developing positive modulators of gut microbiota is being considered to be of significant interest. Natural non-digestible polysaccharides from plants and food sources are considered potent modulators of gut microbiome that can feed certain beneficial microbes in the gut. This has led to an increased interest in the isolation of novel bioactive polysaccharides from different plants and food sources and their application as functional components to modulate the gut microbiome composition to improve host's health including metabolism. Therefore, polysaccharides, as prebiotics components, are being speculated to confer positive effects in managing metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. In this review article, we summarize some of the most common polysaccharides from plants and food that impact metabolic health and discuss why and how these could be helpful in preventing or ameliorating metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Ahmadi
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rabina Mainali
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mahmoud Sheikh-Zeinoddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.,Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Deparment of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|